Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-48
Citation
Graca et al.
(2004)
Hsu et al.
(1997)
Hsu et al.
(1998a)
Hsu et al.
(1998b)
Huang et al.
(2002)
Johansson
(1989)
Johansson and
Pellicciari
(1988)
Johansson and
Wide (1986)
Table AX5-4.2 (cont’d). Effect of Lead on Reproduction and Development in Mammals Effects on Males
Species/
Strain/Age Dose/Route/Form/Duration Endpoint
Mouse/CD-1,
2 mo old
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, 7 wks
old
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley,
100–120 g
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, 7 wks
old
Mouse MA-10
cells
Mouse, 9 wks
old
Mouse/NMRI,
9 wks old
Mouse/NMRI,
9 wks old
Subcutaneous injection of
74 mg/kg-d of Pb chloride for
1 to 3 days
10 mg/kg Pb acetate through
i.p. injection to males for 6 or
9 wks
20 or 50 mg Pb acetate via
i.p. route weekly to males for
6 wks
10 mg/kg Pb acetate weekly
via i.p. injection to males for
6 wks
10 −8 to 10 −5 M Pb incubated
for 3 hr
0–1 g Pb chloride/L in
drinking water for 112 days
1 g/L Pb chloride in drinking
water for 16 wks
0–1 g/L Pb chloride in
drinking water for 84 days
Reversible changes in sperm (count) and ultrastructural changes in testes (reduced
diameter of seminiferous tubules).
Six-week group had unchanged epididymal sperm counts, percent of motile sperms, and
motile epididymal sperm counts compared with control group; 9-wk group showed
statistically lower epididymal sperm counts, and lower motile epididymal sperm counts;
good correlation between blood Pb and sperm Pb; significantly higher counts of
chemiluminescence, they were positively associated with sperm Pb level; epididymal
sperm counts, motility, and motile epididymal sperm counts were negatively associated
with sperm chemiluminescence; SOPR were positively associated with epididymal
sperm counts, motility and motile epididymal sperm counts, sperm chemiluminescence
was negatively associated with SOPR.
Serum testosterone levels were reduced; percentage of capacitation and the
chemiluminescence were significantly increased in fresh cauda epididymal
spermatozoa; serum testosterone levels were negatively associated with the percentage
of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa; sperm chemiluminescence was positively correlated
with the percentage of both capacitated and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa; SOPR was
negatively associated with the percentage of both capacitated and acrosome-reacted
spermatozoa.
Intake of VE and/or VC in Pb exposed rats prevented the Pb associated sperm ROS
generation, increased the epididymal sperm motility, enhanced the capacity of sperm to
penetrate eggs harvested from unexposed female rats in vitro; protective effect of VE
and VC not associated with reduced blood or sperm Pb levels.
Higher decreases in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated progesterone
production, expressions of StAR protein, and the activity of 3ß-HSD compared to 2 hr;
no affect on P450scc enzyme activity.
No effects on frequency of motile spermatozoa, nor on swimming speed; decreased
fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa by in vitro fertilization; premature acrosome
reaction .
Decreased uptake of PI was found in spermatozoa from the vas deferens of the Pbexposed
mice; after thermal denaturation of the DNA, the spermatozoa showed a higher
uptake of PI in comparison to those of the controls; after reductive cleavage of S-S
bonds with DTT and staining with a thiol-specific reagent significantly fewer reactive
disulfide bonds were also observed in the spermatozoa; significant delay in the capacity
for NCD was noted.
No effects on sperm count; no effects on serum testosterone; reduced number of
implantations after mating.
Blood Lead Concentration
(PbB)
PbB not reported
PbB after 6 wks 32 µg/dL, after
9 wks 48 ± 4.3 µg/dL
PbBs >40 µg/dL
PbB 30.1 ± 3.4 to 36.1 ± 4.6
PbBs >40 µg/dL
PbB not applicable–in vitro study
PbB 0.5–40 µg/dL
PbB 42 ± 1.6 µg/dL
PbB