Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-47
Citation
Cory-Slechta
et al. (2004) †
Table AX5-4.2 (cont’d). Effect of Lead on Reproduction and Development in Mammals Effects on Males
Species/
Strain/Age Dose/Route/Form/Duration Endpoint
Rat/Long-Evans,
adult
Foote (1999) Rabbit/Dutchbelted,
adult
Foster et al.
(1993)
Foster et al.
(1996a)
Foster et al.
(1998)
Gandley et al.
(1999)
Gorbel et al.
(2002)
Monkey/
Cynomolgus,
adult
Monkey/
Cynomolgus,
adult
Monkey/
Cynomolgus,
adult
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, adult
Rat/(NOS),
90 days old
Pb acetate in drinking water
beginning 2 mo before
breeding until the end of
lactation
0, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.025 mM
PbCl2 in vitro; one time dose
0–1500 µg Pb acetate/kg-d in
gelatin capsules p.o. for
various durations: 9 control
monkeys, 4 monkeys in
lifetime group (birth to 9 yrs),
4 in infancy group (first
400 days of life), 4 in postinfancy
exposure (from
300 days to 9 yrs)
0–1500 µg Pb acetate/kg-d in
gelatin capsules p.o. from
birth until 9 yrs of age:
8 control monkeys, 4
monkeys in low group
(6-20 µg/dL), 7 monkeys in
high group (22–148 µg/dL)
0–1500 µg Pb acetate/kg-d in
gelatin capsules p.o. for
various durations: birth to
10 yrs (lifetime); PND 300 to
10 yrs (post-infancy); birth to
300 days (infancy); 3 control
monkeys, 4 lifetime,
4 infancy, 5 post-infancy
Male rats received Pb acetate
25 or 250 ppm in drinking
water for 35 days prior to
mating
3 mg (P1) or 6 mg (P2) Pb
acetate in drinking water for
15, 30, 45, 60, or 90 days
Observed potential effects of Pb and stress in female; Pb alone (in male) and Pb plus
stress (in females) permanently elevated corticosterene levels in offspring.
Six out of 22 males tested showed appreciable spontaneous hyperactivation, Pb did not
affect hyperactivation, or associated capacitation.
Suppressed LH response to GnRH stimulation in the lifetime group (p = 0.0370);
Sertoli cell function (reduction in the inhibin to FSH ratio) (p = 0.0286) in lifetime and
post-infancy groups.
Mean PbB of 56 µg/dL showed no significant alterations in parameters of semen
quality (count, viability, motility, or morphology).
Circulating concentrations of FSH, LH, and testosterone were not altered by treatment;
semen characteristics (count, motility, morphology) were not affected by treatment
possibly because not all Sertoli cells were injured; degeneration of seminiferous
epithelium in infancy and lifetime groups (no difference in severity between these
groups); ultrastructural alterations in seminal vesicles, most prominent in infancy and
post-infancy groups.
Blood Lead Concentration
(PbB)
PbB 30–40 µg/dL
PbB not applicable–in vitro study
Lifetime group 3–26 µg/dL at
4–5 yrs; infancy group
5–36 µg/dL at 100–300 days,
3–3 µg/dL at 4–5 yrs; postinfancy
group 20–35 µg/dL
PbB 10 ± 3 or 56 ± 49 µg/dL
PbB ~35 µg/dL
High dose reduced fertility; low dose altered genomic expression in offspring. PbB 15–23 µg/dL or
27–60 µg/dL
Male rats, absolute and relative weights of testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal
vesicles were found to significantly decrease at day 15 in P2 group and at day 45 in P1
group, at day 60 these absolute values and relative weights returned to control values; at
day 15 arrest of cell germ maturation, changes in the Sertoli cells, and presence of
apoptotic cells were observed; serum testosterone level was found to be lowered at day
15 in both P1 and P2, and peaked at day 60, then returned to normal values.
PbB not reported