Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-46
Citation
Chowdhuri
et al. (2001)
Chowdhury
et al. (1984)
Chowdhury
et al. (1986)
Chowdhury
et al. (1987)
Coffigny et al.
(1994) †
Corpas et al.
(1995)
Corpas et al.
(2002a)
Corpas et al.
(2002b)
Table AX5-4.2 (cont’d). Effect of Lead on Reproduction and Development in Mammals Effects on Males
Species/
Strain/Age Dose/Route/Form/Duration Endpoint
Mouse/
BALB/c,
3 mo old
Rat/Albino,
(NOS), adult
0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 µg/mL
Pb acetate in culture medium
for 2 hr (superovulated ova
and sperm)
Dietary concentrations of
0.25, 0.50, or 1.0 g/L Pb
acetate for 60 days
Rat/NOS, adult 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 mg Pb
acetate/kg-d i.p.
for 30 days
Rat/Charles
Foster,
150 ± 5 g
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, adult
Rat/Wistar,
adult
Rat/Wistar,
adult
Rat/Wistar,
adult
0, 1, 2, 4, 6 mg Pb
acetate/kg-d/i.p.
for 30 days
Inhalation exposure to
5 mg/m 3 Pb oxide daily for
13 days during gestation
(GD 2, 3, 6–10, 13–17, 20)
300 mg/L Pb acetate via
drinking water beginning GD
1 through 5 days postnatal or
throughout gestation and
early lactation
300 mg/L acetate Pb in
drinking water beginning at
mating until PND 12 and 21
300 mg/L acetate Pb in
drinking water beginning at
mating until PND 12 and 21
Significant dose dependent decrease in the number of sperm attaching to the ova in both
exposed groups; decrease in the incorporation of radio-labeled thymdine, uridine, and
methionine.
Testicular atrophy along with cellular degeneration was conspicuous at 1 g/L; high
cholesterol concentration and significantly low ascorbic acid concentration were found
in the testes at 1 g/L; lowest dose (0.25 g/L) had no significant morphological and
biochemical alterations, whereas as 0.5 g/L resulted in partial inhibition of
spermatogenesis.
Dose-related decrease of testis weight; at 187 µg/dL: degenerative changes in testicular
tissues; at 325 µg/dL: degenerative changes and inquiry of spermatogenetic cells;
edematous dissociation in interstitial tissue.
Dose related decrease of testis weight at 56 µg of spermatoids; at 91 µg/dL: inhibition
of post-meiotic spermatogenic cell; at 196 µg/dL: decreased spermatogenic cell count
(6), detachment of germinal call layers; at 332 µg/dL: Decreased spermatogenic cell
count, degenerative changes, Interstitial edema, and atrophy of Leydig cells.
Adult male offspring exhibit no change in sperm parameters or sex hormones T, FSH,
and LH (because of duration or timing).
Testicular weight and gross testicular structure were not altered; seminiferous tubule
diameter and the number of prospermatogonia were reduced; total DNA, RNA, and
protein content of the testes in treated rats was significantly reduced, DNA:RNA ratio
remained unaltered.
Neither abnormalities in the liver structure nor depositions of Pb, toxicant produced
biochemical alterations; pups exhibited decrease in hemoglobin, iron and alkaline, and
acid phosphatase levels and an increase in Pb content; protein, DNA, and lipid total
amounts were reduced, and hepatic glycogen content was diminished at 12 and 21 PN,
with a higher dose of glucose in blood; decrease in alkaline phosphatase in liver of pups
at day 21 PN, but acid phosphatase was unaltered.
Neither abnormalities in the liver structure nor depositions of Pb, toxicant produced
biochemical alterations; pups exhibited decrease in hemoglobin, iron and alkaline, and
acid phosphatase levels and an increase in Pb content; protein, DNA, and lipid total
amounts were reduced, and hepatic glycogen content was diminished at 12 and 21 PN,
with a higher dose of glucose in blood; decrease in alkaline phosphatase in liver of pups
at day 21 PN, but acid phosphatase was unaltered.
Blood Lead Concentration
(PbB)
PbB not applicable–in vitro study
PbB 54–143 µg/dL
PbB 20, 62, 87, 187, or
325 µg/dL
PbB 56–3332 µg/dL
PbB 71.1 µg/dL (dam)
PbB 83.2 µg/dL (fetal)
PbB 14 µg/dL
PbB 22 µg/dL
PbB 22 µg/dL