Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-38
Citation
Al-Hakkak
et al. (1988)
Appleton
(1991)
Bataineh
et al. (1998)
Berry et al.
(2002)
Bogden et al.
(1995)
Camoratto
et al. (1993)
Corpas
(2002a)
Corpas
(2002b)
Table AX5-4.1. Effect of Lead on Reproduction and Development in Mammals Effects on Offspring
Species/
Strain/Age
Mouse/BALB/c,
weaning
Rat/Long-Evans
hooded, adult
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, adult
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, 21 days
old
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, 12 wks
old
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, adult
Dose/Route/
Form/Duration Endpoint
0, 25, 50 mg Pb monoxide
alloy/kg in chow for 35–
70 days
Pb acetate single dose by i.v. at
30 mg/kg
1000 ppm Pb acetate in
drinking water for 12 wks
Pb nitrate (1000 ppm Pb)
in drinking water for 6 wks
250 mg/L of Pb acetate in
drinking water from GD 1 until
after 1 wk after weaning
0.02% Pb nitrate in drinking
water from gestation day 5 of
dams until PND 4 of offspring
Rat/Wistar, adult Pb acetate 0 or 300 mg/L in
drinking water during gestation
and lactation
Rat/Albino
(NOS), adult
Pb acetate 0 or 300 mg/L in
drinking water during gestation
and lactation
Reduced number of spermatogenia and spermatocytes in the 50 mg group after 70 days;
reduced number of implantations after mating (after 35 days exposure).
Increase in serum calcium and phosphorous; SEM analysis revealed ‘Pb line’ in tooth
that was composed of hypomineralized interglobular dentine.
Fertility was reduced; total number of resorptions was increased in female rats
impregnated by males.
Mean plasma growth hormone levels decreased by 44.6%; reduced mean growth
hormone amplitude by 37.5%, mean nadir concentration by 60%, and growth hormone
peak area by 35%; findings are consistent with decreased hypothalamic growth
hormone-releasing factor secretion or reduced somatotrope responsiveness; exogenous
growth hormone in Pb-treated and control rats, this response was blunted by the Pb
treatment; plasma IGF1 concentration was not significantly affected by Pb treatment.
Dam and pup hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit, and body weights and lengths
were reduced.
Female pups exposed to Pb beginning in utero were smaller, no corresponding effect in
males; pituitary responsiveness to a hypothalamic stimulus.
Alterations in hepatic system of neonates (PND 12) and pups (PND 21); reductions in
hemoglobin, iron, alkaline and acid phosphatase levels, and hepatic glycogen, and
elevated blood glucose.
Effects energy metabolism; decrease in testis and seminal vesicle weights, and an
increase in DNA and RNA levels on PN day 21; protein was significantly decreased,
alkaline and acid phosphatase levels of the gonads were reduced; reduction of the
thickness of the epithelium and seminiferous tubule diameter.
Blood Lead Concentration
(PbB)
PbB not reported
PbB not reported
PbB not reported
PbB 37.40 ± 3.60 µg/dL
PbB