Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-14
Table AX5-2.7. Lead, Erythrocyte Lipid Peroxidation, and Antioxidant Defense
Dose and Route of
exposure Duration Species Blood lead Effect Authors
7.5 mg of Pb acetate
or 4.09 mg of Pb
Kg -1 b.wt, oral
5.46 mg Pb as Pb
acetate, oral
10 mg/kg b.wt Pb
acetate, intra
muscular, daily
Pre treatment with
melatonin
A. ALA 40 mg/kg
b.wt every other day
and/or
B. Melatonin
10 mg/kg
Pb acetate 0.2%, in
drinking water,
followed by
individual or
combined treatment of
lipoic acid (25 mg/Kg
b.wt and DMSA
20 mg/kg b.wt, i.p.)
*-Aminolevulinic
acid, 1-5 mM, In vitro
28 days,
multiple
analyses at day
7, 14, 21, and 28
14 days,
multiple
analyses at day
0, 7, and 14
Erythrocytes from male Calves 0.1–1.6 ppm Pb exposure significantly reduced erythrocyte super oxide dismutase
activity until day 21 followed by a marginal increase by day 28. Total,
protein-bound and non protein- bound –SH content of erythrocytes
declined.
Erythrocytes from female goats 0.09–1.12 ppm Pb exposure caused a significant increase of erythrocytic GPx, SOD and
CAT activities, total thiol groups and total antioxidant status.
7 days Rat — Pb significantly decreased heme synthesis, decreased Hb, decreased liver
*- ALAS and erythrocyte ALAD. Markedly elevates hepatic lipid
peroxidation, reduced anti oxidant enzymes such as total sulphahydryl
groups and Glutathione. Pre Treatment with melatonin reduced the
inhibitory effect of Pb on both enzymatic and non enzymatic
antioxidants and reduced the iron deficiency caused by Pb.
Every other day
3 times daily for
2 wks
Male Sprague- Dawley rats — Melatonin effectively protects nuclear DNA and lipids in rat lung and
spleen against the oxidative damage caused by the carcinogen ALA.
5 wks Male Albino rats 97.5 µg/dL Pb exposure results in decreased blood hemoglobin, hematocrit,
enhanced erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, decline in the
activities of erythrocyte membrane Na + -K + ATPase, Ca 2+ ATPase, and
Mg 2+ ATPase. Treatment with lipoic acid and/or DMSA reduced the Pb
induced adverse changes in the biochemical parameters.
10 days CHO cells — *- Aminolevulinic acid treatment induces oxidative stress in Chinese
hamster ovary cells by inducing Glutathione, Glutathione disulphide,
Malandialdehyde equivalents, and Catalase. N-acetyl cysteine
administration reverses the decrease in cell survival and colony
formation induced by *- ALA.
Patra and Swarup
et al. (2000)
Mousa et al. (2002)
El- Missiry (2000)
Karbownik et al.
(2000)
Sivaprasad et al.
(2003)
Neal et al. (1997)
SOD—Super oxide dismutase; CAT—Catalase; ALAS—Aminolevulinic acid synthatase, ALAD—Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; ALA—Aminolevulinic acid; GPx—Glutathione peroxidase