Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-10
Table AX5-2.4. Lead Effects on Hematological Parameters
Dose and Route of
Exposure Duration Species Blood lead Effect Authors
4-6 mg/Kg b.wt, i.p.,
daily
0.82 mg Pb/kg
b.wt./d, oral gavage
17 µM Me/Kg b.wt
Pb acetate or 3.5 mg
of Pb/kg body wt, i.p
17 µM Me/Kg b.wt
Pb acetate or 3.5 mg
of Pb/ kg body wt, i.p.
or per OS 17.5 mg/kg
b.wt single injection
Cu deficient 1 mg
Cu/Kg
Marginal deficient
2 mg/kg
Control 5 mg Cu/Kg
High Zn 60 mg/kg.
0.02–40 ppm Pb,
dietary
20 µg/mL, Pb acetate
in drinking water
15 and 30 days Intact and splenctamized rats — Pb increases urinary *-amino levulinic acid (ALA) excretion,
depletion in RBC hemoglobin content, and more number of
reticulocytes in peripheral blood, and results in accumulation of
immature erythrocytes both in intact and splenctomized rats.
3 or 11 wks Red-tailed hawks erythrocytes 0.195–0.375 mg/mL Activity of porphobilinogen synthase/ALAD was depressed
significantly in Pb exposed rats and did not return to normal
values until 5 wks after the termination of the treatment. A rapid
and relatively brief increase in erythrocyte free proto porphyrin
and a slower, prolonged increase in Zn complex.
5 days Female Rabbits 17.5 µg/dL Pb causes a significant inhibition of ALAD in the blood ,
increases free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and urinary excretion
of Aminolevulinic acid and coporphyrin.
5 days i.p. Female Rabbits — Pb induced ALAS activity in liver and kidney, both after i.p and
p.o. administration; i.p. administration of Pb also induced kidney
heme oxygen levels.
4 wks Rat — Moderately high Zn in the diet reduces plasma copper but not
plasma ceruloplasmin.
Does not affect the recovery of plasma Cu or activity after oral
copper sulphate in Cu deficient diets.
Does not influence RBC Super oxide dismutase activity.
90 days Male and female Swiss mice 0.7–13.0 µg/dL Increased RBC number and increased hemoglobin and decreased
hematocrit up on Pb exposure.
5 wks Female Wistar Albino rats 37.8 µg/dL Erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin were all decreased
and blood viscosity increased in Pb exposed workers.
Gautam and
Chowdhury (1987)
Redig et al. (1991)
Zareba and
Chmielnicka (1992)
Chmielnicka et al.
(1994)
Panemangalore and
Bebe (1996)
Iavicoli et al. (2003)
Toplan et al. (2004)