Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-8
Table AX5-2.2 (cont’d). Lead, Erythrocyte Heme Enzymes, and Other Parameters
Dose and Route of
Exposure Duration Species Blood lead Effect Authors
20 mg Pb acetate/kg
b.wt, i.p,
In vivo
10–200 µg/dL Pb ions
(Pb acetate),
In vitro
Pb acetate through
water or i.p. 1 or
2 mg/Kg b.wt.
14 days Male Albino rats
erythrocytes
20 h Human umbilical cord
erythrocytes
Every 4th day
for 1 mo
Wistar rats 1.51–
35.31 µg/dL
— Pb significantly decreases erythrocyte membrane acetyl choline esterase,
NADH dehydrogenase, membrane sialic acid, hexose, and hexosamine.
Pb ions inhibit aerobic glycolysis and diminish ATP level in human
erythrocytes in vitro. Magnesium partly abolishes these effects by
stimulating Magnesium dependent enzymes. Effect is seen both by
direct addition of Pb acetate to erythrocyte ghosts as well as in the ghosts
obtained after preincubation of erythrocytes with Pb acetate. Ca 2+ , Mg 2+
ATPase is less sensitive and Mg ATPase is practically insensitive to Pb
under these conditions.
— Pb significantly decreased the concentration of ATP, ADP, AMP,
adenosine, GTP, GDP, GMP, Guanosine, IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine,
NAD and NADP concentrations.
The concentrations of adenosine tri phosphate (ATP), Guanosine
triphosphate (GTP), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD + ,
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP + adenylate and
Guanylate (AEC and GEC) were significantly reduced in erythrocytes of
exposed animals. Results indicate Pb ions disrupt erythrocyte energy
pathway.
Jehan and Motlag
(1995)
Grabowska and
Guminska (1996)
Baranowska-Bosiacka
and Hlynczak (2003)
Baranowska-Bosiacka
and Hlynczak (2004)
ALAD — Aminolevulinic acid; Cu 2+ —Copper; Cd 2+ —Cadmium; Hg 2+ —Mercury; PBG-S Porphobilinogen synthetase; Zn—Zinc; ATP—Adenosine triphosphate; ADP—Adenosine diphosphate;
AMP—Adenosine monophosphate; GTP—Guanosine tri phosphate; GDP—Guanosine diphosphate; GMP—Guanosine monophosphate; IMP—Inosine monophosphate; NAD—Nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide; NADP—Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.