Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-6
Table AX5-2.2. Lead, Erythrocyte Heme Enzymes, and Other Parameters
Dose and Route of
Exposure Duration Species Blood lead Effect Authors
Dietary,
0–100 µg/g dry wt. of
the diet
Pb acetate, oral
gavage, 1.5 mg/kg
b.wt, Pb acetate
20 µg/mL as Pb
acetate in drinking
water
17 µM Me/kg Pb
acetate, Per OS
1.5 mg Pb/kg body
wt, oral dose
Occupational
exposure
35 days Adult male Zebra finches 0–1.5 µg/mL Significant negative correlation was observed between blood-Pb
concentration and log ALAD activity. RBC ALAD activity ratio is
a sensitive indicator of dietary Pb concentration regardless of the
mode of exposure.
3 or 11 wks Red-tailed Hawks 0.195–
0.752 µg/dL
Erythrocyte phorphobilinogen synthetase was depressed
significantly with in the 1st wk of treatment. Rapid but brief
increase in free protoporphyrin. Hematocrit, erythrocyte count, Hb
were all decreased and blood viscosity increased in exposed group.
5 wks Female Wistar Albino rats 37.8 µg/dL Pb exposure decreases hematocrit, hemoglobin, and the number of
erythrocytes and enhances blood viscosity.
5 days Female
Rabbits
8 yrs Cynomolgus Monkey,
in vitro
Dogs from urban and rural
areas of Greece
11–22 yrs Human erythrocytes from
exposed populations
0–20 mg Pb liter !1 29 days Juvenile Rainbow trout
erythrocytes
— Pb causes a significant decrease in blood ALAD activity, increases
free erythrocyte protoporphyrins, increases aminolevulinic acid
and coporphyrin excretion in urine.
— Kinetic analyses of erythrocyte *- aminolevulinic acid revealed
differences in P H optimum and Michaelis constants with Pb
exposure. The ALAD enzyme kinetics of Pb exposed monkeys
and humans are similar.
326, 97–68 µg/L Significant negative correlation existed between blood-Pb levels
and ALAD activity. 807–992 µmol/PBG/LRBC/h is established as
the normal erythrocyte ALAD range for dogs.
1.39–1.42 µmol/l Liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma
spectrometry had revealed ALAD to be the principle Pb binding
protein. The percentage of Pb bound to ALAD was influenced by
a common polymorphism in the ALAD gene.
— Significant decreases in the erythrocyte ALAD activity after a 29days
exposure to 121 and 201 mg Pb liter !1.
Scheuhammer et al.
(1987)
Redig et al. (1991)
Toplan et al. (2004)
Zareba and
Chmelnicka (1992)
Dorward and
Yagminas (1994)
Polizopoulou et al.
(1994)
Bergdahl et al. (1997)
Burden et al. (1998)