Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-5
Table AX5-2.1 (cont’d). Effect of Lead on Erythrocyte Morphology, Mobility, and Other Miscellaneous Parameters
Dose and Route of
Exposure Duration Species Blood lead Effect Authors
Occupational,
Human exposure
— — a. 24 adult healthy controls
(humans)
b. 12 patients with Pb
poisoning (plumbism)
symptoms (Pb controls)
c. Patients with chronic renal
failure (CRF)
Divided into:
1. Normal urinary blood Pb
levels
2. High urinary blood Pb
levels
— a. 28 male workers in a Pb
refining factory
b. Controls
Controls:
!17.1 µg/dL
Pb controls:
80.5 µg/dL
CRF !1:
18.4 µg/dL
CRF !2:
18.0 µg/dL
Urinary Pb CRF 1:
!322 µg/72 h
CRF 2:
1785 µg/72 h
Exposed:
!35.97 µg/100 g
Controls:
5.23 µg/100 g
Increased erythrocyte Zn protoporphyrin to free protoporphyrin
ratio in Pb controls and remained in the normal range in CRF
patients. CRF patients showed minor abnormalities of erythrocyte
heme metabolism, such as low ALAD activity.
SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis for erythrocyte membrane
proteins showed bands at 3 and 4.1, that significantly decreased
while bands 2.3, 6, and 7 significantly increased in the Pb workers
compared with controls.
RBC—Red blood cells; Hb—Hemoglobin; NADH—Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase; PKC—Protein kinase C; AchE—Acetyl choline esterase
Fontanellas et al.
(2002)
Fukumoto et al.
(1983)