A History of Christian Doctrine #3 - Online Christian Library
A History of Christian Doctrine #3 - Online Christian Library A History of Christian Doctrine #3 - Online Christian Library
A History of Christian Doctrine the substitutionary atonement, the physical resurrection of Jesus, and the bodily return of Jesus to earth. The overall approach to theology and spiritual experience is considerably different, however, as the Fundamentalists have been quick to point out. Clearly, then, Pentecostals should not uncritically adopt the Fundamentalist approach to theology, although they have sometimes done so. For example, the second generation of Pentecostal teachers often embraced dispensationalism uncritically. But while this system does offer helpful insights, it has to be modified significantly to be compatible with Pentecostal belief and practice. 236 Even professed Pentecostal dispensationalists have often contradicted the theological system—for instance, speaking of the church as “spiritual Israel”—or otherwise modified it. 237 Pentecostals are not simply Fundamentalists who speak in tongues. Their respect for the inspiration, infallibility, and authority of the Bible is just as great, and so is their commitment to the fundamental doctrines relating to the identity and work of Jesus Christ in human history. They are quite different, however, in their personal experience with God, understanding of the work of the Holy Spirit, concept of holiness, and interpretation of the New Testament. While Fundamentalists affirm miracles in the Bible, they reject miracles today. They deny that the church in the Book of Acts is the role model for us to follow. They say that instructions in the Epistles relative to divine healing, spiritual gifts, and spiritual ministry are no longer applicable. Morever, dispensationalists minimize the ethical teachings of the Sermon on the Mount, considering 210
Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism them to be legalistic instructions for the Jews in preparation for their earthly kingdom. Although Fundamentalism’s reason for existence is to champion the inspiration and authority of the Bible, in effect it renders large portions of the Bible irrelevant to the church today. Historically, the Fundamentalists were quite conservative politically, while many early Pentecostals warned both of the dangers of socialism and unbridled capitalism. Fundamentalists typically supported military action by the government, while most early Pentecostals were pacifists. The Fundamentalist movement mainly attracted whites, while the Pentecostals were racially diverse. Of course, both groups have always been conservative morally. The difference between Fundamentalists and Oneness Pentecostals is particularly great. Fundamentalists reject any modification of the doctrine of the trinity or any idea that the experience of salvation could involve more than a verbal confession of faith. Most of them also advocate unconditional eternal security. The Evangelicals By the 1940s some conservatives were dissatisfied with the label “Fundamentalist” because of the negative connotations in society and the adversarial position of many Fundamentalists toward other churches. They wanted to affirm the basic doctrines of Fundamentalism and historic Protestantism, but they wanted a more positive identity, a less strident tone, a more conciliatory approach toward others, and a greater appreciation for culture, education, scholarship, and science. That desire led to the Evangelical movement. In essence, the 211
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A <strong>History</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Christian</strong> <strong>Doctrine</strong><br />
the substitutionary atonement, the physical resurrection<br />
<strong>of</strong> Jesus, and the bodily return <strong>of</strong> Jesus to earth. The overall<br />
approach to theology and spiritual experience is considerably<br />
different, however, as the Fundamentalists have<br />
been quick to point out.<br />
Clearly, then, Pentecostals should not uncritically<br />
adopt the Fundamentalist approach to theology, although<br />
they have sometimes done so. For example, the second<br />
generation <strong>of</strong> Pentecostal teachers <strong>of</strong>ten embraced dispensationalism<br />
uncritically. But while this system does<br />
<strong>of</strong>fer helpful insights, it has to be modified significantly to<br />
be compatible with Pentecostal belief and practice. 236<br />
Even pr<strong>of</strong>essed Pentecostal dispensationalists have <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
contradicted the theological system—for instance, speaking<br />
<strong>of</strong> the church as “spiritual Israel”—or otherwise modified<br />
it. 237<br />
Pentecostals are not simply Fundamentalists who<br />
speak in tongues. Their respect for the inspiration, infallibility,<br />
and authority <strong>of</strong> the Bible is just as great, and so<br />
is their commitment to the fundamental doctrines relating<br />
to the identity and work <strong>of</strong> Jesus Christ in human history.<br />
They are quite different, however, in their personal experience<br />
with God, understanding <strong>of</strong> the work <strong>of</strong> the Holy<br />
Spirit, concept <strong>of</strong> holiness, and interpretation <strong>of</strong> the New<br />
Testament.<br />
While Fundamentalists affirm miracles in the Bible,<br />
they reject miracles today. They deny that the church in<br />
the Book <strong>of</strong> Acts is the role model for us to follow. They<br />
say that instructions in the Epistles relative to divine healing,<br />
spiritual gifts, and spiritual ministry are no longer<br />
applicable. Morever, dispensationalists minimize the ethical<br />
teachings <strong>of</strong> the Sermon on the Mount, considering<br />
210