Environmental Health Criteria 214

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HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 4.2.2.3 Box plots A box plot is another approach for graphically describing the distribution of a measurements in an exposure study. Some details of box plots vary among users; however, all of them display the sample median, mean, 25th percentile and 75th percentile. Selected other values, such as 10th and 90th percentiles or 5th and 95th percentiles as well as the extremes (i.e., the minimum and maximum) of the distribution are displayed, too. Fig. 13 shows box plots of the blood http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc<strong>214</strong>.htm Page 60 of 284 6/1/2007
HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT lead measurements from the Maltese and Mexican sample populations. The bottom and top horizontal lines of each box denote the interquartile range (i.e., the 25th and 75th percentiles) and the solid horizontal line across the centre indicates the sample median. The dotted line across the box indicates the mean of the distribution. The whiskers on the boxes in Fig. 12 extend to the 10th and 90th percentiles of the distributions, and the open circles denote all observations beyond those percentiles. As illustrated here, box plots are a convenient method for displaying information on the central tendency, dispersion, symmetry and tails of an exposure measure. 4.2.2.4 Quantile-quantile plots Quantile-quantile plots can be used to compare the distribution of a variable with a different sample or a known distribution. Exposure measures are commonly compared to the normal or lognormal distribution (see section 4.3) for purposes of evaluating whether the normality assumptions inherent in numerous statistical inference methods are met. While a discussion of probability distributions and statistical inference methods is reserved for later in the chapter, a quantile-quantile plot is shown in Fig. 14. Here, the Maltese blood lead data are plotted against the standard normal distribution (see section 4.3). This special form of quantile-quantile plot is known as a normal probability chart. Data that form an approximately straight line on such a chart are approximately normally distributed. Data that do not form a straight line follow a non-normal probability distribution. 4.2.2.5 Scatter plots http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc<strong>214</strong>.htm Page 61 of 284 6/1/2007
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Environmental Health Criteria 214

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