Environmental Health Criteria 214

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HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT by analytical instruments, such as spectrophotometry, gas chromatography with specific or non-specific detectors, HPLC, etc. Although not yet used extensively, small, evacuated canister samplers have been developed for personal monitoring (Pleil & Lindstrom, 1995). These have the advantage of not using sorbents. Analysis is typically done by gas chromatography following thermal desorption. 7.2.1.3 Direct-reading instruments The concentration of gases and vapours (e.g., carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide) in an individual's breathing zone can also be determined with the use of portable direct-reading instruments. Commercially available direct-reading instruments have data logging capabilities to store measurements at a rate of 1 s -1 . Depending on the frequency of measurements, these instruments can operate up to 2 weeks continuously. Instrument software allows for direct calculation of concentrations with different averaging times and statistical analysis of the data. Table 21. Air sampling methods for inorganic gases Carbon monoxide Manufacturer Comments Continuous Electrochemical Energetic Sciences 0-50, 0-100 ppm; portable and LOD ~ 2 ppm Interscan Various ranges; LOD ~ 1 ppm Bacharah Based on the measurement of Hg from a pellet oxidized by CO. 0-20 dl: 1 ppm Sample flowrate litre/min Photometers Beckman Instruments Based on dual-isotope fluoresc LOD = 0.1 ppm Passive Diffusion detectors Lab Safety Supply Co. Changes colour; LOD ~ 50 ppm f Quantum Group Inc. Simple colour change detector 3M Corporation Indicates presence of CO by co change Wilson Safety Products Dosimeter badge. Colour change proportional to CO concentrati Active MSA Air is pumped through activate tubes that change colour when Table 21. (continued) Sensidyne http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc<strong>214</strong>.htm Page 114 of 284 6/1/2007
HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT Carbon monoxide Manufacturer Comments Continuous Infrared GasTech 300-5000 ppm Rosemount Analytical Measures CO, CO 2 , NO and hydroc SKC West Sampling frequency: 8 s to 30 Electrochemical Devco Engineering Based on conductivity in water ionization of gas Nitrogen oxides Continuous Electrochemical Trasducer Research LOD > 2 ppb Interscan Various ranges; LOD > 20 ppm Chemiluminescence Beckman Instruments Range: 0.1-1 ppm. Operates con for 7 days. Analyses NO, NO 2 , N on the excitation of molecules Columbia Scientific Uses the chemiluminescence rea with NO. Sampling rate: 1.2 li Rosemount Analytical Designed to monitor continuous Colorimetric Phillips Electronics Set for a variety of chemicals Instruments on the electrolyte. Measures c based on a specific chemical r Table 21. (continued) Carbon monoxide Manufacturer Comments Page 115 of 284 Passive Diffusion Env Sciences and LOD ~ 500 ppb for a 1-h exposu tubes/badges Physiology MDA Scientific Palmes sampler is an acrylic t stainless steel grids coated w triethanolamine placed at the RS Landauer Jr. & Co Pen-shaped badge for the colle N 2 O on a molecular sieve. Analy IR Active Electrochemical MDA Scientific 2-3 ppm; measurement on a 15-m Ozone Continuous Chemiluminescence Beckman Instruments Operates continuously for 7 da the reaction of ozone with eth http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc<strong>214</strong>.htm 6/1/2007
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