New Modes of GPCR Signalling

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ABSTRACT Sensory Transduction in C. elegans: What Can't a Worm Sense? Shawn X. Xu Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA The ability to sense and respond to sensory inputs is essential for life. There are five common senses in mammals: vision, smell, taste, hearing and touch. In addition, we rely on proprioception, which is often referred to as the sixth sense, to control body posture, balance and movement. Among the most common sensory stimuli are chemicals (smell and taste), mechanical forces (touch, hearing and proprioception) and light (vision). We are particularly interested in understanding how neurons detect and transduce mechanical and light stimuli, and how gene networks (e.g. receptors, ion channels and signaling molecules) regulate these processes. Currently, we focus on mechanotransduction and phototransduction. We have reported that proprioception is present in C. elegans. We have also made the surprising discovery that C. elegans, an organism that is generally believed to be blind (light-insensitive), in fact possesses a simple visual system, senses light and engages in phototaxis behavior. Our data reveal conservations in mechanotransduction and phototransduction between worms and mammals. These studies establish C. elegans as a powerful genetic model for studying the mechanisms of mechanotransduction and phototransduction.
INVITED SPEAKER’S INFO Prof. Jean-Louis Besserau Ph.D, M.D, Profesosor Genetique et Neurobiologie de C. elegans INSERM U. 789 Ecole Normale Superieure 46, rue d'Ulm,75 005 Paris,France Lab phone: 33 (0)1 44 32 23 05 Fax: 33 (0)1 44 32 36 54 Email: jlbesse@wotan.ens.fr Education 1994 M.D., Specialization in Neurology. 1995 Ph.D,Molecular and cellular pharmacology, University of Paris VI, France. 1995 Researcher position at the INSERM, Laboratory of Pr Changeux- Pasteur Institute, Paris. 1997 Post-doctoral position in Erik Jorgensen laboratory, University of Utah, USA. 2000 Junior group leader, Ecole Normale Supérieure-Paris. 2005 INSERM Research Director at the Ecole Normale Supérieure-Paris. Selected Publications 1. Gendrel M et al.: 2009. A secreted complement-control-related protein ensures acetylcholine receptor clustering. Nature 461: 992-996. 2. Jospin M et al.: 2009. A Neuronal Acetylcholine Receptor Regulates the Balance of Muscle Excitation and Inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Biol 7: e1000265. 3. Robert VJ and Bessereau JL: 2009. Manipulating the Caenorhabditis elegans genome using mariner transposons. Genetica. 4. Boulin T et al.: 2008. Eight genes are required for functional reconstitution of the Caenorhabditis elegans levamisole-sensitive acetylcholine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105: 18590-18595. 5. Nilsson L et al.: 2008. Caenorhabditis elegans num-1 Negatively Regulates Endocytic Recycling. Genetics 179: 375-387. 6. Robert V et al.: 2008. Gene conversion and end-joining repair double-strand breaks in the C. elegans germline. Genetics 180: 673-679. 7. Ruaud AF et al.: 2008. The C. elegans P4-ATPase TAT-1 regulates lysosome biogenesis and endocytosis. Traffic 10: 88-100. 8. Eimer S et al.: 2007. Regulation of nicotinic receptor trafficking by the transmembrane Golgi protein UNC-50. EMBO J 26: 4313-4323. 9. Ruaud AF and Bessereau JL: 2007. The P-type ATPase CATP-1 is a novel
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