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explains the purpose of including Teacher information sheets read: “It is recommended that teachers work through the in-service component of these materials before using the sourcebook activities with their classes” (Department of Education, 1988a, p. 1); and “where specific information is needed to complete an activity, teacher information, pupil information or pupil activities sheets have been included” (Department of Education, 1988a, p. 5). By providing Teacher information sheets, it acknowledges that primary teachers, who generally do not specialise in a curriculum area, need support, being unreasonable to expect that they would have deep knowledge about all topics covered in the curriculum. By providing a summary of the research related to key topics addressed in the syllabus, teachers are able to access background information they can use to inform their teaching. Teacher autonomy is then encouraged by suggesting teachers to exercise their discretion in summarising the Teacher information sheets to construct into student worksheets, through the following statement: Discuss with children some of the views of Aboriginal habitation of Australia as presented in the teacher information sheets. Children should not be given copies of the information sheets, although teachers may wish to compile a brief summary of relevant points for pupil use (Department of Education, 1988a, p. 17, emphasis added). 7.23.3 Narrative style of school curriculum. Unlike the primary school Social Studies curriculum of the previous eras analysed, during the lead up to the 1988 Bicentennial era, the curriculum lacks a similar type of vitality and storymaking, and instead presents as very boring. Gone are the personalities of history that could potentially really engage students and in its place is a Social Studies curriculum that is presented as ‘factual’ and almost encyclopaedia-like that it would require high levels of pedagogical creativity on the classroom teacher’s part to create an interesting curriculum. In particular, for a year 5 student, national history is presented in such an unimaginative way with a focus on civics and citizenship rather than history, that unless the teacher was either a) an expert or had a deep interest in History or b) was aware of Social Science pedagogies, this curriculum presents as exceptionally tiresome and boring; especially when compared with the narrative style of the curriculum in the two previous eras analysed. In the example provided at Source 7.95, although Sir Henry Parkes is mentioned, there is no background information provided of this exciting statesman nor the personalities involved in the vibrant debates that were held in the few decades leading up to Australia’s Federation in 1901. This reads more 398
like a review sheet, yet it is not. It is suggested to students as the only resource for the topic “The story of Federation” (Department of Education, 1988a, p.114). Although one of the most important events of Australia’s developing nationhood, it is treated with such brevity, presented as an unimportant period in Australia’s history as though there is no need for students to have any sustained engagement with this topic. The curriculum appears to be so concerned with presenting itself as ‘factual’ and ‘impartial’ that to have curriculum materials that are explicitly ‘voiced’ would be to not present an accurate or valid history. However, it is argued here that being devoid of character does not in itself make a curriculum any more, or any less, historically accurate. 399
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University of Southern Queensland C
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Certification of Dissertation I cer
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for and receive a scholarship so th
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5.4 Category 1: Privileging British
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List of Figures Figure 3.1 Structur
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Appendices Appendix A: Contexts…
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through The Courier Mail, as well a
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A syllabus in the Queensland school
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after World War I (WWI); the Austra
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Settler and Savage: One hundred yea
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3. What discourses of British Herit
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Howard in 2007; arguably a point in
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2.1.2 Key concepts and terms. As wi
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Giroux & Purpel, 1983; Whitty, 1985
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that Bruner mentions are prepositio
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kind of private property handed dow
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The information presented thus far
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English (AATE) used an editorial of
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2.3 Defining Textbooks One importan
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textbooks are...a very important ve
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which the learner is subject, but t
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Although Issitt (2004) contends tha
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intended set of learnings are infor
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Moving to focus on those who hold r
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parameters of the terms of the deba
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Similarly, Woodfin asserts “in es
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1996, pp. 8-9). Luke further discus
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powerful groups may also otherwise
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2.7.1 Theories of national identity
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understood as part of a broader str
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significance (either implicitly or
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…in the established nations, ther
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The ‘history wars’ in Australia
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In academia, the move is away from
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and its internal and external other
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Whilst this may be an extreme examp
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conducted for this project due to t
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Table 2.2 The Two Traditions of His
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puts emphasis on the celebration of
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emaining the same throughout. Stude
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As one of few (current) educators i
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A researcher bricoleur carefully se
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approaches. What bricolage does off
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and modification” (Reitstaetter,
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icolage, interpretive bricolage, po
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approaches, processes of further en
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historical studies and more (see, f
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A criticism made by Blommaert that
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The lens of CDA is used to gain ins
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with the bricolage approach adapted
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In his examination of American hist
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considered and, where relevant, ove
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the…analysis of political discour
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avoids the ‘Bad King John/Good Qu
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2005, p. 5). Due to placing visual
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(1995-1996, p. 5). Increasingly, st
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term memories, and the power nation
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When we attempt to answer the quest
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In academia, the move is away from
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Historians operating in the critica
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for the purposes of this project, i
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get the job done to the satisfactio
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the project, enabled through a refl
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challenging task of the reflection
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understand the relationship the res
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establishing the trustworthiness of
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publishing company for Queensland s
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of direct light, so that they could
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o Queensland based authors are ofte
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selection, resulting in as comprehe
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• “1. Focus upon a social probl
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contextualised in the wider study,
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Dijk as “knowledge, attitudes and
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136
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a type of ‘neutral’ fact-sheet
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across the three distinct eras focu
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stories by authors such as Arthur C
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opposes the notion that a person is
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Given the clear recollections of sc
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5.2 Education Context This section
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following passage taken from the pr
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5.2.3 Key textbooks and related sch
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Mariners of England a poem written
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Source 5.3. Chapter II: The Britons
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the largest for British heritages,
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stands for the country itself and t
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Source 5.4. The Flag of the Empire
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Australasia appears in a number of
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demands. But if they spoke with a u
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5.8.1 Discourses of legitimizing th
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practical example: Australia’s pa
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Although often mediated through the
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which were, at the time, very emoti
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Source 5.6. Front cover of Anzac Da
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5.9 Intersections of British Herita
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Australia contains further signific
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Source 5.7. Extract from Preface to
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Furthermore, the use of primary sou
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“…playing fast and loose with t
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Australia experienced a growing str
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Separate State responsibility has l
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The two examples above, although br
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It was in the 1952 syllabus that th
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(b) Australian Aborigines. (Departm
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However, due to the wide distributi
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matter in a fresh and interesting w
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textbooks published in the early to
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Source 6.3. A sample project sheet
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narratives of so-named British expl
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This image, like many of the narrat
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killed by Indigenous Australians; E
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possibly unintended message that th
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Source 6.10. “Natives” extract
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Source 6.11. “King was saved” e
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Indigenous Australians is linked wi
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one Indigenous person. There is a v
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Source 6.15. Batman Treaty and Gove
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Indigenous Australian interactions
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Source 6.18. “Jacky’s Sad Story
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Australians in history narratives.
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comments that bring together the va
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6.5 Category 2: Frontier Conflicts
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6.5.2 Discourses of eye-witness acc
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places where the natives were treat
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Source 6.24. Frontier Conflicts ext
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6.6 Category 3: Tasmanian Indigenou
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emoval of the captured aboriginals
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Some emotion is attributed to this
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6.6.4 Discourses of criminality. Vi
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in Source 6.28, they are both male,
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emerging respect for different know
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exploration of the Western Australi
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group: “naked”; “In the ten t
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Source 6.31. “The Last of His Tri
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Source 6.32. “Corroboree” in Sc
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Source 6.33. Typical portrayal of T
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1962, p. 214). Attributing negative
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Source 6.35. “The Referendum of 1
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inclusion of Indigenous Australians
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foreground of the image, but it is
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Indigenous Australians are still re
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Source 6.40. “An Australian Fairy
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Indigenous woman which, although co
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They hold that the bush and all it
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attention and make learning Social
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Department of Education, 1960/1963,
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secondary school level this textboo
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history of Tasmania through various
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Social Studies for Queensland schoo
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al., 1969, p. 166), where Indigenou
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290
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Source 7.1. Extract from Introducti
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In the lead up to and in the year o
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Newton. The lyrics portray a multic
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1988 Bicentennial, clearly marking
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Demonstrating the progressive move
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It is important that students have
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such as Case studies in Australian
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Our hope is that students using the
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Source 7.10. “Settlement in Austr
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Source 7.12. Dampier extracts from
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making roles. Particularly in some
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Source 7.17. Classroom moiety syste
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Source 7.19. Yiwara “special obli
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suggestions on how teachers are to
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As demonstrated in Source 7.23, thi
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Source 7.28. “The first Australia
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settlement. However, documents reve
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of the early interactions between T
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Given that this textbook was publis
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overtly, as the issues of land righ
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The Wave Hill walkout, covering the
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textbook author is presenting for s
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Crossroads: Imperialism and race re
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Source 7.42. Vincent Lingiari’s n
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Australia’s referenda history—w
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Source 7.45 demonstrates that throu
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of Indigenous Australian cultures.
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the 42 page unit of work in a textb
Page 362 and 363: Source 7.53. Continuity of Indigeno
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Page 366 and 367: Source 7.57. Activity ideas for Nat
Page 368 and 369: Unit 3: Modern Australia emerges co
Page 370 and 371: demonstrate, even at a minor and in
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Page 376 and 377: eing taught until the upper primary
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Page 380 and 381: 7.67. Two examples in particular sh
Page 382 and 383: unlike other textbooks which discus
Page 384 and 385: However, although this statement wa
Page 386 and 387: fear of Japan, that the Australian
Page 388 and 389: Australia in both WWI and WWII. The
Page 390 and 391: Source 7.73. Treaty of Versailles e
Page 392 and 393: The Australian government realized
Page 394 and 395: Task 41: Australian foreign policy
Page 396 and 397: enemy threatening to invade our sho
Page 398 and 399: following statement: “Political l
Page 400 and 401: “doomed to failure”; “finally
Page 402 and 403: So strong are the stories of the Ga
Page 404 and 405: Moving beyond a simplistic discours
Page 406 and 407: Nationalists, opposed to the Britis
Page 408 and 409: This demonstrates the importance Gr
Page 410 and 411: entered mainstream public conscious
Page 414 and 415: Source 7.95. “Pupil information s
Page 416 and 417: terminology of European is stated w
Page 418 and 419: 7.23.6 Representations of British h
Page 420 and 421: 406
Page 422 and 423: findings of the analysis through ar
Page 424 and 425: curriculum in such a way that the h
Page 426 and 427: (and at times former dominant disco
Page 428 and 429: natives and often gave them present
Page 430 and 431: finite and ‘true’. In particula
Page 432 and 433: understanding? This last point is o
Page 434 and 435: 420
Page 436 and 437: and functional perspectives on time
Page 438 and 439: Collins, C., & Knight, S. (2006). E
Page 440 and 441: Department of Public Instruction. (
Page 442 and 443: Fiske, J., Hodge, B., & Turner, G.
Page 444 and 445: Henderson, G. (2008b, August 12). N
Page 446 and 447: Kitson, J. (Interviewer), & Malouf,
Page 448 and 449: Melleuish, G. (1998). The packaging
Page 450 and 451: Roberts, M. (2004). Postmodernism a
Page 452 and 453: van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Semiotics a
Page 454 and 455: 440
Page 456 and 457: 442
Page 458 and 459: particular, this includes taking on
Page 460 and 461: The mapping of these debates conclu
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A1.1.4 Terminology. The term histor
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The similarities of the debates acr
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over...an overrun of divisive multi
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political cartoon satirist, Peter N
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A1.5.1 April 23, 1993: Geoffrey Bla
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After an initial furor, this curric
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A1.5.4 October and November 1996: J
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I take a very different view. I bel
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history/culture wars in the public
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parallels between ideologies presen
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into “politically correct new age
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Root and branch renewal of history
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Further in his lecture, Manne then
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Throughout the years that the histo
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A people with a sense of a fair go
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"There's real anger about that," ag
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Instead, from the nation's Parliame
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asis for critical (and often deriso
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valid reasons for living and hoping
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“centrally prescribed curriculum
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elativism in school curriculum, spe
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supporting PM Howard’s call for a
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The politicisation of the curriculu
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Government in the rundown to the en
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oversimplified and shallow analysis
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than the combination of history, ge
Page 514 and 515:
Language used by opponents of the c
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invades school curriculum” (Lane,
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504
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506
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Appendix D: Sample Data Analyses Ti
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(p. 110) Passage 6: (pp. 110-111) P
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probably good that this was not cas
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Overall, a very unemotional account
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