PDF (Whole Thesis) - USQ ePrints - University of Southern ...
PDF (Whole Thesis) - USQ ePrints - University of Southern ... PDF (Whole Thesis) - USQ ePrints - University of Southern ...
The Australian government realized that defence spending would have to be increased. Thus, in 1937 a new three-year programme was begun. A total of 43 million pounds was to have been spent, but, as war appeared a possibility in Europe, another 18 million pounds was added to the re-armament programme to fund the building of new ships and aircraft. Despite these efforts, however, when war broke out in 1939 Australia was not properly prepared or armed for a full-scale war. (Lawrence et al., 1986, p. 336, emphasis added) 7.16.3 Discourses of dissociation from Great Britain through the Westminster Statute and WWII. The modern world emerges (Lawrence et al., 1986) provides a summary of Australia’s move from a close connection with Great Britain to that of independence. The extract (see Source 7.76) is representative of other textbooks published during this era that seeks to emphasize Australia’s increasing dissociation from Great Britain. Source 7.76. Australia’s increasing dissociation from Great Britain extract from The modern world emerges (Lawrence et al., 1986, p. 289) What the extract in Source 7.76 does not establish at this point though is the reason for this change, and this highlights the importance of considering the textbook as a whole, rather than isolated excerpts. The reason for the change from Australia’s reliance on Great Britain in areas of foreign policy and defence to Australia’s independence as a nation is through the Statue of Westminster (see Source 7.77). This is a topic of utmost importance in terms of national identity, strategic decision making and history; but one usually ignored in textbooks (this textbook being a noted exception) that view Federation as the only time when all policies and systems were set in place to create Australia as an independent nation. 378
Source 7.77. “Australia in the Empire” extract from The modern world emerges (Lawrence et al., 1986, p. 332) Although not overtly articulated, The modern world emerges (Lawrence et al., 1986), does allude to the different perspectives held by Australians on whether Australia should pass legislation that ensured its independence, or whether it should remain as a dominion. Demonstrative of the conservatism of Australia-as-a-whole, perhaps owing to a lack of cultural confidence, in severing ties with Great Britain, it took ten years after the British parliament “…passed as law the policy of the Balfour Declaration…known as the Statue of Westminster” (Lawrence et al., 1986, p. 332) for the legislation to be presented to the Australian parliament, at which time it was passed. The different perspectives it alludes to incorporate those who wanted to separate from Great Britain as expressed by the following statements “…Scullin attempted to have the Statute of Westminster passed in parliament in 1931, but his government fell before this was achieved… [and]…a Labor government had it passed in parliament in 1941”; vis-à-vis with the following statement: “The following Lyons government was not interested in passing what it considered an unnecessary law. They felt that rushing the bill through parliament was an insult to Britain” (Lawrence et al., 1986, p. 332). This emotional connection between Great Britain and Australia exists in contemporary history too, with the failure of the 1999 Referendum to create an Australian Republic. 379
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The Australian government realized that defence spending would have to be<br />
increased. Thus, in 1937 a new three-year programme was begun. A total <strong>of</strong> 43<br />
million pounds was to have been spent, but, as war appeared a possibility in Europe,<br />
another 18 million pounds was added to the re-armament programme to fund the<br />
building <strong>of</strong> new ships and aircraft. Despite these efforts, however, when war broke<br />
out in 1939 Australia was not properly prepared or armed for a full-scale war.<br />
(Lawrence et al., 1986, p. 336, emphasis added)<br />
7.16.3 Discourses <strong>of</strong> dissociation from Great Britain through the Westminster<br />
Statute and WWII.<br />
The modern world emerges (Lawrence et al., 1986) provides a summary <strong>of</strong> Australia’s move<br />
from a close connection with Great Britain to that <strong>of</strong> independence. The extract (see Source<br />
7.76) is representative <strong>of</strong> other textbooks published during this era that seeks to emphasize<br />
Australia’s increasing dissociation from Great Britain.<br />
Source 7.76. Australia’s increasing dissociation from Great Britain extract from The<br />
modern world emerges (Lawrence et al., 1986, p. 289)<br />
What the extract in Source 7.76 does not establish at this point though is the reason for this<br />
change, and this highlights the importance <strong>of</strong> considering the textbook as a whole, rather than<br />
isolated excerpts. The reason for the change from Australia’s reliance on Great Britain in<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> foreign policy and defence to Australia’s independence as a nation is through the<br />
Statue <strong>of</strong> Westminster (see Source 7.77). This is a topic <strong>of</strong> utmost importance in terms <strong>of</strong><br />
national identity, strategic decision making and history; but one usually ignored in textbooks<br />
(this textbook being a noted exception) that view Federation as the only time when all<br />
policies and systems were set in place to create Australia as an independent nation.<br />
378
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