PDF (Whole Thesis) - USQ ePrints - University of Southern ...
PDF (Whole Thesis) - USQ ePrints - University of Southern ... PDF (Whole Thesis) - USQ ePrints - University of Southern ...
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Chapter Seven: 1988 Bicentennial Era 7.1 Historical context The year 1988 is an important one in Australian history, being the 200 year anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet from England to Port Jackson, Sydney in 1788. This event effectively began the modern history period of the Australian continent, being the first colony of Great Britain on the Australian continent. The First Fleet, led by Captain Arthur Phillip (who was also given authority as the first Governor of New South Wales), was sent by the British government to set up a colony on the east coast of the continent with three main purposes. First, as a penal colony to disperse convicts from overcrowded prisons in Britain; second to act as a trading port; and third to source raw materials, such as flax, in order to make items such as ship sails. In more recent times, the impact of the arrival of the First Fleet on the Australian continent in the year 1788 has been described variously as settlement, colonisation, occupation, or invasion, depending on the perspective of the author; and as relevant to this research, all four terms have been used at different times in school curriculum (as demonstrated through the analysis conducted in this chapter, in Appendix A: Contexts and also in Chapter 6: Black Movement in Australia 1964-1975). The year 1988, as the bicentennial of the arrival of the First Fleet, is particularly relevant for this project, with the intersection of the two exemplar topics—Indigenous representations and British heritages—particularly conspicuous in the public arena during this time period for their relationship to the 200 year anniversary. Viewing this period of history as a time of rapid social (if not so much political) renewal is supported by the number of popular histories written in an accessible way for the general public, often supported through public funding or commissioned by major publishing houses. Sample publications include The Ashton Scholastic History of Australia (Clark, Hooper & Ferrier, 1988) and The Penguin Bicentennial History of Australia (Molony, 1987). Overarching the histories published during the lead up to the 1988 Bicentennial (even those that seek to explore the complexities of the nation’s history—past and present), is a discourse of celebration, arguably the most dominant discourse surrounding the marking of this historical event (for an extensive critique of this discourse of celebration, see Bennett, Buckridge, Carter & Mercer’s Celebrating the nation, 1992). This is demonstrated, for example, in Source 7.1, an introduction written by then- Governor General Sir Ninian Stephen in a Sydney Morning Herald magazine insert titled Australia: 200 years and beyond (Anderson, 1987), one year prior to the Bicentennial. 291
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