PDF (Whole Thesis) - USQ ePrints - University of Southern ...
PDF (Whole Thesis) - USQ ePrints - University of Southern ... PDF (Whole Thesis) - USQ ePrints - University of Southern ...
a type of ‘neutral’ fact-sheet overview of past events, policies and changes. These histories are included as part of Education Queensland’s repository of history articles located on their library services website. Sample topics include information about cultural topics such as when and how Empire Day was celebrated, early commemorations of ANZAC Day; as well as general interest issues such as various legislation and attitudes towards corporal punishment, milk drinking schemes, one teacher schools and employment of women teachers. Whilst they provide an interesting overview of what has occurred in the past regarding schooling in Queensland, on the whole, only a surface understanding of specific topics can be gained from reading them. They act, therefore, as an important source of background information to gain an understanding of wider Queensland school education histories. To illustrate, a specific exemplar of this type of celebratory, ‘neutral’ history is evidenced in an early 1980s collection of monographs produced by the Department of Education, Queensland which included titles such as, State education in Queensland: A brief history (Logan & Clarke, 1984); A centenary history of home economics education in Queensland 1881-1981 (Logan, 1981); and Assessment in Queensland secondary schools: Two decades of change 1964-1983 (Clarke, 1987), coordinated through the Educational History Unit. Although the majority of literature on Queensland schooling exists as this type of celebratory history, there is a small amount of literature that focuses on curriculum and schooling through a critical scholarly research approach. The interest in researching schooling specifically in a Queensland context can be traced to a small number of studies that address the topic of curriculum representations and their ideological underpinnings. For example, three unpublished theses that address history curriculum in Queensland schools authored by Libby Connors (1984), Louis Gugenberger (1975) and G.J. Shipstone (1973) demonstrate the scholarly significance of these materials in the local context. Broadly, this research builds on these theses by analysing curriculum across a number of time periods; and differs in a significant way, by offering a longitudinal study of History curriculum across three eras that focus on two exemplar topics, Indigenous representations and British heritages. In this way, this dissertation provides a more focused analysis of the exemplar topics, across historical eras within the set structure of History (and, when not available, the Social Studies curriculum). 138
4.2.1 Reading curriculum documents within their historical context. The research conducted for this project does not seek to express criticism or pass judgement on textbooks from past eras for their inclusion or exclusion of specific topics or on the discourses that emerge from those that are included. This is not the purpose of the research. Rather, individual textbooks and other school curriculum materials are analysed in order to determine the meta-discourses present in History curriculum related specifically to Australia’s national history. From this, conclusions can be drawn regarding topics such as: critical use of sources; narrative approach to History curriculum; curriculum as gatekeeper of conservative content and values or agent for change; use of primary and secondary sources; and exemplar topics on the periphery of, or absent from, national history. This then forms part of the conclusion for each of the three data analysis chapters. It is especially important to make the point of not expressing criticism or passing judgments on textbooks (and, by default, those who authored them) from past eras for a number of reasons. First, to increase likelihood of wide-spread take up by schools across the State, textbooks need to follow the curriculum closely, as encapsulated (in Queensland, at least) by the syllabus. Second, textbooks are a source of their time, and therefore need to be regarded as historical artefacts in their own right. It is likely that if the same people who wrote textbooks in previous eras were to write textbooks now, then the information in them would be significantly different, reflecting changes in syllabuses, new developments in historical knowledge and in content pedagogy; including the way textbooks are used. The H.R. Cowie textbooks (1975, 1980, 1982), analysed in Chapter 6: Black Movement in Australia 1964-1975 and Chapter 7: 1988 Bicentennial Era provide an example of this, in particular in the area of Indigenous representations. Each syllabus published is the official rationale, a component of the official knowledge (Apple, 2000); with the textbooks as the explanation or translation of this rationale, one way in which the syllabus is brought alive. Textbooks and syllabuses, therefore, act as complementary documents, particularly in times when a traditional approach has been taken to school curriculum and when authored and distributed by the Department of Education itself. Particularly in the Queensland context of History teaching, textbooks and later sourcebooks written, published and disseminated by the Department of Education make up the bulk of primary school curriculum documents throughout the 20 th century. The selection of individual textbooks, particularly when not published by the Department of Education, 139
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a type <strong>of</strong> ‘neutral’ fact-sheet overview <strong>of</strong> past events, policies and changes. These histories<br />
are included as part <strong>of</strong> Education Queensland’s repository <strong>of</strong> history articles located on their<br />
library services website. Sample topics include information about cultural topics such as<br />
when and how Empire Day was celebrated, early commemorations <strong>of</strong> ANZAC Day; as well<br />
as general interest issues such as various legislation and attitudes towards corporal<br />
punishment, milk drinking schemes, one teacher schools and employment <strong>of</strong> women teachers.<br />
Whilst they provide an interesting overview <strong>of</strong> what has occurred in the past regarding<br />
schooling in Queensland, on the whole, only a surface understanding <strong>of</strong> specific topics can be<br />
gained from reading them. They act, therefore, as an important source <strong>of</strong> background<br />
information to gain an understanding <strong>of</strong> wider Queensland school education histories. To<br />
illustrate, a specific exemplar <strong>of</strong> this type <strong>of</strong> celebratory, ‘neutral’ history is evidenced in an<br />
early 1980s collection <strong>of</strong> monographs produced by the Department <strong>of</strong> Education, Queensland<br />
which included titles such as, State education in Queensland: A brief history (Logan &<br />
Clarke, 1984); A centenary history <strong>of</strong> home economics education in Queensland 1881-1981<br />
(Logan, 1981); and Assessment in Queensland secondary schools: Two decades <strong>of</strong> change<br />
1964-1983 (Clarke, 1987), coordinated through the Educational History Unit.<br />
Although the majority <strong>of</strong> literature on Queensland schooling exists as this type <strong>of</strong> celebratory<br />
history, there is a small amount <strong>of</strong> literature that focuses on curriculum and schooling through<br />
a critical scholarly research approach. The interest in researching schooling specifically in a<br />
Queensland context can be traced to a small number <strong>of</strong> studies that address the topic <strong>of</strong><br />
curriculum representations and their ideological underpinnings. For example, three<br />
unpublished theses that address history curriculum in Queensland schools authored by Libby<br />
Connors (1984), Louis Gugenberger (1975) and G.J. Shipstone (1973) demonstrate the<br />
scholarly significance <strong>of</strong> these materials in the local context. Broadly, this research builds on<br />
these theses by analysing curriculum across a number <strong>of</strong> time periods; and differs in a<br />
significant way, by <strong>of</strong>fering a longitudinal study <strong>of</strong> History curriculum across three eras that<br />
focus on two exemplar topics, Indigenous representations and British heritages. In this way,<br />
this dissertation provides a more focused analysis <strong>of</strong> the exemplar topics, across historical<br />
eras within the set structure <strong>of</strong> History (and, when not available, the Social Studies<br />
curriculum).<br />
138