CIB-W18 Timber Structures – A review of meeting 1-43 2 MATERIAL ...
CIB-W18 Timber Structures – A review of meeting 1-43 2 MATERIAL ...
CIB-W18 Timber Structures – A review of meeting 1-43 2 MATERIAL ...
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esistances for small dimension lumber members. However, as the<br />
calibration point is always achieving safety indexes under partial coefficient<br />
design that maintain parity with ASD within selected calibration<br />
problems, it is simply a very fancy way to do so-called 's<strong>of</strong>t code<br />
conversion'. For genuine progress under item II it is essential to deal<br />
with real reliability levels, i.e. not bother about parity with ASD solutions.<br />
IV. Modernise the connection design provisions many <strong>of</strong> which have their<br />
origins in unrecorded committee decisions made in the order <strong>of</strong> 50<br />
years ago, based on US studies for military purposes at around the<br />
time <strong>of</strong> the Second World War.<br />
V. Rapid integration <strong>of</strong> new products, typically proprietary, into the market<br />
place. This requires the establishment <strong>of</strong> a framework and methods<br />
that ensures consistency in how design properties are assigned to<br />
old and new products.<br />
There have and will continue to be also major changes in provisions <strong>of</strong> the<br />
National Building Code <strong>of</strong> Canada (NRC 2005), i.e. the model document<br />
that lays down general - construction type independent - design requirement,<br />
and specifies the magnitudes <strong>of</strong> environmental loads and load factors.<br />
The 2005 edition (to be published in September) provides, for the<br />
first time, explicit statements <strong>of</strong> mandatory 'design objectives' and functional<br />
statements. The role <strong>of</strong> the timber code, and other material specific<br />
codes, is to provide a basis from which designers can produce solutions<br />
that satisfy various objectives listed in the building code. Implicit in items<br />
I to V listed above is recognition the potential that changes in the building<br />
code releases will only be fully harnessed by the timber construction sector<br />
if accompanied by major change in the timber design code.<br />
The last major overhaul <strong>of</strong> code provisions in Canada that relate to timber<br />
connections occurred in the early 1980's. But what was done then was<br />
mostly concerned with reformatting, information as the code as a whole<br />
was transformed from an ASD to a partial coefficients format. Here the<br />
need to revise connection design methods is employed as the tool for tying<br />
the sections <strong>of</strong> the national timber design code together, just as actual connections<br />
tie timber structures together. This touches on all <strong>of</strong> the issues I to<br />
V.<br />
Extensive use is made below <strong>of</strong> working documents produced by the<br />
University <strong>of</strong> New Brunswick's <strong>Timber</strong> Engineering Group under the<br />
leadership <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Dr. Ian Smith. Specific consideration is given in<br />
those documents, and this one, to promoting design practices and provisions<br />
that:<br />
• Make it transparent to designers what mode <strong>of</strong> failure governs the<br />
strength <strong>of</strong> particular connections, and how that relates to system behaviour.<br />
• Embody probabilistic Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) concepts.<br />
• Guide designers toward an appropriate choice <strong>of</strong> structural systems to<br />
resist given sets <strong>of</strong> loading combinations.<br />
• Guide designers toward appropriate selection <strong>of</strong> wood and other structural<br />
materials.<br />
• Integrate design provisions specific to connections with those pertaining<br />
to the overall system design. In the context <strong>of</strong> CSA Standard 086-01<br />
this amounts to integration <strong>of</strong> connection and general design requirements.<br />
• Maximize possibilities for technical harmonization <strong>of</strong> Canadian and international<br />
practice.<br />
What is outlined here is intended to be consistent with activities by other<br />
Canadian experts, especially those working on issues related to system behaviour.<br />
Although as yet so inconsistencies remain, work reported in the<br />
paper "Framework for lateral load design provisions for engineered wood<br />
structures in Canada" (Popovski and Karacabeyli 2005) is convergent with<br />
what is discussed here. The next three sections discuss the logic for new<br />
connection code provisions, general design code provisions that interrelate<br />
with design <strong>of</strong> connections, and current activities.<br />
41-1-1 J Köhler, A Frangi, R Steiger<br />
On the role <strong>of</strong> stiffness properties for ultimate limit state design <strong>of</strong><br />
slender columns<br />
Introduction<br />
In the daily practice the engineering codes and regulations form the premises<br />
for the use <strong>of</strong> timber as a structural material. Code regulations in<br />
North America, Australia and Europe are based on the limit states design<br />
(LSD) approach which is put into practice as load and resistance factor design<br />
(LRFD) formats. Initially, LRFD methods where converted as so<br />
called "s<strong>of</strong>t conversions" <strong>of</strong> allowable stress design (ASD), the design<br />
<strong>CIB</strong>-<strong>W18</strong> <strong>Timber</strong> <strong>Structures</strong> <strong>–</strong> A <strong>review</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>meeting</strong> 1-<strong>43</strong> 2 <strong>MATERIAL</strong> PROPERTIES page 2.54