SESSION NO. 45 SESSION NO. 45, 14:00 Wednesday, 7 September 2011 T8B. Current and Future Geodetic Satellite Missions and Their Applications to Geology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015 45-1 14:00 Hackl, Matthias STRAIN RATE PATTERNS FROM GPS AT CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES HACKL, Matthias, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, Munich, 80333, Germany, hackl@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de, BACHTADSE, Valerian, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Theresienstrasse 41, Munich, 80333, Germany, and HUGENTOBLER, Urs, Institute for Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80333, Germany Satellite based geodetic measurements like GPS provide an outstanding tool to measure crustal motions. They are widely used to derive geodetic velocity models that are applied in geodynamics to determine rotations <strong>of</strong> tectonic blocks, to localize active geological features, and to estimate rheological properties <strong>of</strong> the crust and the underlying asthenosphere. We used GPS velocities to derive the 2d strain rate tensor in continental collision zones like the Kyrgyz Tien Shan and the Alps. A tensor analysis provides strain rate characteristics like dilatation and shear strain rates. These results can be used to set up realistic rheological models and are <strong>of</strong> importance in the seismic hazard assessment. A novelty <strong>of</strong> our approach is the determination <strong>of</strong> confidence intervals for the strain rate tensor. So we assessed the uncertainties <strong>of</strong> the position measurements, their impact on the velocity estimates, as well as the effect <strong>of</strong> site distribution on the continuous strain rate tensor. 45-2 14:15 Nankali, Hamid Reza IRANIAN PERMANENT GPS NETWORK AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO CRUSTAL DEFORMATION MONITORING AND MODELING NANKALI, Hamid Reza, Geodesy and Geodynamics, National Cartographic Center <strong>of</strong> Iran, Tehran, 13185-1684, Iran, nankali@ncc.org.ir and TAVAKOLI, Farokh, Tehran, 13185-1684, Iran A dense and wide permanent GPS station network has been established in Iran (Tabriz- Tehran-Mashhad) and other active part <strong>of</strong> the country by National Cartographic Center <strong>of</strong> Iran (NCC). Since first <strong>of</strong> the 2005 this network and is designed both for crustal deformation monitoring and to serve as a highly precise geodetic network in Iran and consist <strong>of</strong> 120 permanent stations in first phase. Average distance between dense parts is about 25 to 30 km. Since we have collected about 5 year data, we estimated horizontal crustal displacement and velocity field <strong>with</strong> respect to the stable Eurasian plate. This new network will bring us more precise information on crustal information (shortening and strike-slip rate in Iran as horizontal movements, subsidence and uplift as vertical movements) and geophysical phenomena such as ionosphere disturbances and water vapor. 45-3 14:30 Tabibi, Sajad CO-SEISMIC DEFORMATION OF THE SAN-SIMEON EARTHQUAKE BY USING HIGH RATE GPS DATA TABIBI, Sajad1 , M. HOSSAINALI, Masoud1 , and DJAMOUR, Yahya2 , (1) Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University <strong>of</strong> Technology, 1346 Valiasr Street, Mirdamad Intersection, Tehran, 15433-19967, Iran, sajad.tabibi@gmail.com, (2) National Cartographic Center, Geomatics College, Azadi Sq., Meraj Av, Tehran, 13185-1684, Iran Better understanding <strong>of</strong> earthquakes primarily requires more accurate dynamic and kinematic models for fault rupture. There are several methods for ground motion detection; each <strong>of</strong> them has its own advantages and limitations. The processes, needed for the estimation <strong>of</strong> displacements by the seismic data, generally increase the noise. Accelerometers, for example, record the details <strong>of</strong> strong ground motion close to the earthquake source; however it is difficult to transform the measured accelerations into displacement. Broadband seismometers are more sensitive and more accurate than accelerometers but even those may be saturated or clipped in far distances from a large earthquake. InSAR observations can provide good spatial images <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the surface displacement components in the rupture area. It has, however, drawbacks in some regions, as the InSAR has no sufficient temporal resolution for the analysis <strong>of</strong> dynamic short period changes during an earthquake. Most <strong>of</strong> the GPS monitoring systems process the daily or hourly data in order to achieve the station coordinate <strong>with</strong> millimeter accuracy. But in warning systems, the temporal delay between the natural event and the act <strong>of</strong> warning must be the least as much as possible. Increasingly more continuous GPS receivers, established primarily for geophysical studies, are now running in seismic frequencies such as 1-Hz. GPS seismology is the unexpected result <strong>of</strong> the geodetic networks which at first were established to measure the deformation <strong>of</strong> plates and tectonic plate boundaries. A GPS receiver can accurately measure the movements in the geological time scales (i.e. 1 mm/yr) and that <strong>of</strong> seismology (i.e. 500 mm/sec). In this paper, the shape <strong>of</strong> the seismic waves, obtained from thirteen GPS stations, being in 36 to 74kms <strong>of</strong> epicentral distances <strong>of</strong> San- Simeon Earthquake, 2003 are determined. The efficiency <strong>of</strong> the relative methods <strong>of</strong> positioning using high rate data has been analyzed, estimated co-seismic displacements have been validated using similar results obtained from the integration <strong>of</strong> seismic records. 45-4 14:45 Eineder, Michael TOWARDS GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS FROM SAR SATELLITES EINEDER, Michael1 , CONG, Xiaoying2 , ADAM, Nico1 , MINET, Christian1 , and BAMLER, Richard1 , (1) Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Münchner Strasse 20, Oberpfaffenh<strong>of</strong>en, Weßling, 82234, Germany, Michael.Eineder@dlr.de, (2) Lehrstuhl für Methodik der Fernerkundung, Technische Universität München, Arcisstr. 21, München, 80333, Germany In this talk we report on recent developments that may turn space borne imaging Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems into geodetic measurement devices. We highlight the differences between the well established SAR interferometry (InSAR) technique and newer high resolution image correlation techniques (HRICT). While SAR interferometry provides high relative spatial accuracy at the cost <strong>of</strong> ambiguity problems, HRICT performes absolute measurements at the cost <strong>of</strong> reduced accuracy. Different error sources such as orbital errors, atmospheric propagation, solid earth tides influence SAR and HRICT in different ways. In our talk we will also report on recent developments regarding the correction <strong>of</strong> the named error source using GPS stations and weather models. Our talk will be accompanied by examples from recent events such as the Japan earthquake from 11.3.2011. A68 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales 45-5 15:00 Gozalpour, Behnaz MONITORING OF LANDSLIDE DISPLACEMENT IN SEMIROM, IRAN, USING SAR INTERFEROMETRY GOZALPOUR, Behnaz, Geomatics, University <strong>of</strong> Isfahan, Tehran, 1475884813, Iran, bgozalpour@gmail.com and MOTAGH, Mahdi, Helmholtz Center Potsdam, Potsdam, 14473, Germany Landslide is a geological phenomenon that is among the most catastrophic natural hazards in the world. Depending on their scales, landslides can cause heavy damages to human lives and infrastructure. This phenomenon occurs when the stability <strong>of</strong> slop changes from stable condition to an unstable condition. The major reason <strong>of</strong> landslide is the change in gravity and its intensity by factors such as ground water pressure, erosion caused by rivers, rain, lack <strong>of</strong> vegetation cover, soil structure, vibration from machines, and etc… . Therefore, detection and monitoring <strong>of</strong> mass movement in susceptible areas may help mitigate hazards associated <strong>with</strong> landsliding. Various ground-based geodetic methods such as GPS and leveling have been developed to assess landslide hazards. The main limitation <strong>of</strong> these methods is that they can’t provide continues map <strong>of</strong> deformation. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is widely used in recent decades to monitor movement <strong>of</strong> the ground surface associated <strong>with</strong> landslides, subsidence, earthquakes, volcanoes deformation, ice sheet and glacier movement. This technique relies on processing <strong>of</strong> two SAR images over the same area <strong>with</strong> a short baseline. The displacement is measured by calculating the phase difference between the two images acquired in the slant range geometry. The technique provides detailed maps <strong>of</strong> surface deformation <strong>with</strong> centimeter accuracy over wide areas (> 100 km2). Our data consist <strong>of</strong> 28 ASAR images, which were acquired by the Envisat satellite in both descending and ascending orbits. We examine the InSAR time-series technique <strong>of</strong> Small Baseline (SBAS) approach to derive the spatio-temporal characteristic <strong>of</strong> mass movement in Semirom.Field observations performed following this InSAR survey revealed that there were two important landslides in the area that are in the main road connecting the Semirom to the Yasoj: one stands on the north slope <strong>of</strong> the road and the other one is in the next curve <strong>of</strong> the road and stands on the south slop <strong>of</strong> it. As these landslides are on the hillside <strong>of</strong> the road, pose a serious threat to this infrastructure. Because the rain decrease in recent year in Semirom, The road haven’t been damage yet .So monitoring and measurement <strong>of</strong> these landslides in order to doing something for recompense is necessary. 45-6 15:30 Motagh, Mahdi SATELLITE GEODETIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE COSEISMIC AND POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2010 MW 7.1 DARFIELD AND 2011 MW 6.3 CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKES IN NEW ZEALAND BEAVAN, John, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, 30368, New Zealand, MOTAGH, Mahdi, Helmholtz Center Potsdam, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, motagh@gfz-potsdam.de, SAMSONOV, Sergey, Ecgs, Walferdange, L-7256, Luxembourg, FIELDING, Eric J., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, and CELENTANO, Andrea, E-GEOS, Rome, 00156, Italy This paper investigates coseismic and postseismic deformation associated <strong>with</strong> the September 2010 Darfield and February 2011 Christchurch earthquakes in New Zealand using satellite geodetic observations. InSAR analyses <strong>of</strong> Envisat and ALOS are combined <strong>with</strong> high-quality campaign and continuous GPS data to constrain the rupture geometry and slip distribution <strong>of</strong> the 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake. The inferred source model shows a very complex pattern involving rupture <strong>of</strong> multiple fault planes. The main rupture occurred on a previously unrecognized strike-slip Greendale Fault <strong>with</strong> as much as ~ 5 m <strong>of</strong> slip between depths <strong>of</strong> 3 and 8 km. A number <strong>of</strong> other faults were also active during this event including a northeaststriking blind reverse fault near Charing Cross, coincident <strong>with</strong> the earthquake hypocenter, and another blind reverse fault west <strong>of</strong> the Greendale fault near Hororata. TerraSAR-X InSAR observations <strong>of</strong> postseismic deformation shows shallow deformation on the Charing Cross reverse fault and a small amount <strong>of</strong> afterslip on the Greendale Fault. For the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, which is a large and late aftershock <strong>of</strong> the Darfield event, we utilized GPS together <strong>with</strong> X-band InSAR from Cosmo-Skymed and L-band InSAR from ALOS to investigate its source parameters. We find that the deformation pattern observed can be well explained by a slip on a single planar fault running into Christchurch city <strong>with</strong> a peak slip <strong>of</strong> ~ 2.5 m occurring at a depth <strong>of</strong> ~ 5 km. We report on postseismic deformation following this event analyzed by the integration <strong>of</strong> TerraSAR-X and GPS measurements. 45-7 15:45 Pail, Roland GLOBAL GRAVITY FIELD MODELS DERIVED FROM GOCE AND COMPLEMENTARY GRAVITY FIELD DATA AND THEIR USE IN EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH PAIL, Roland1 , SCHUH, Wolf-Dieter2 , MAYER-GÜRR, Torsten3 , JÄGGI, Adrian4 , MAIER, Andrea5 , FECHER, Thomas1 , and BROCKMANN, Jan Martin2 , (1) Institute for Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, TU München, Arcisstraße 21, München, 80333, Germany, pail@bv.tu-muenchen.de, (2) Bonn, 53115, (3) Graz, 8010, Austria, (4) Bern, 3012, Switzerland, (5) Graz, 8042, Austria The launch <strong>of</strong> dedicated gravity satellite missions such as GRACE and GOCE has revolutionized our knowledge <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s gravity field. Since the gravity field reflects mass distribution and mass transport through the complex system Earth, a precise knowledge <strong>of</strong> the global gravity field and its temporal variations is important for many disciplines <strong>of</strong> Earth science, such as solid Earth geophysics, oceanography, hydrology, glaciology, atmosphere and climate research. In 2002 the along-track satellite formation mission GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) was launched into a near polar low Earth orbit. Since then, more than 8 years <strong>of</strong> observations have been gathered, from which the global gravity field and its temporal variations for spatial wavelength up to 300 to 400 km could be derived. The GOCE satellite (Gravity Field and Steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) was successfully launched on 17 March 2009. GOCE is the first mission that observes direct functionals <strong>of</strong> the Earth gravity field from space. In this contribution, the status <strong>of</strong> global gravity field recovery shall be presented. In addition to pure GOCE-only models, which show the added value <strong>of</strong> GOCE, also combination models including GRACE and other satellite data shall be discussed and evaluated. In order to further increase the spatial resolution, apart from these satellite-only models also combined gravity field models, where the satellite gravity information is complemented <strong>with</strong> terrestrial gravity field and satellite altimetry data, shall be presented. The combination is performed consistently by addition <strong>of</strong> full normal equations and stochastic modeling <strong>of</strong> the individual data types. The model is validated against complementary global gravity field models und regional GPS/ leveling observations. Additionally, the use <strong>of</strong> these new-generation global gravity field models for geophysics and geology, oceanography, and their contribution to monitor global changes processes will be discussed, and first results will be presented.
45-8 16:00 Peterseim, Nadja IMPACTS OF THERMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE ON DATA OF LOW ORBITING GEODETIC PRECISION SPACE MISSIONS PETERSEIM, Nadja, TU München, Institute for Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, Arcisstraße 21, München, 80333, Germany, nadja.peterseim@bv.tum.de and SCHLICHT, Anja, TU München, Forschungseinrichtung Satellitengeodäsie, Arcisstraße 21, München, 80333, Germany Geodetic stellite gravity missions have increased accuracy from mission to mission over the past decade. For future gravity field missions a laser ranging instrument between two satellites, similar to GRACE’s (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) K-Band ranging system, is planned. This sets new requirements to the satellites Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) as the satellites needs to be in a very specific attitude. Therefore, the external influence by Earth’ thermosphere and ionosphere onto geodetic Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites needs to be well known and determined. In our study we focus on these impacts <strong>of</strong> thermosphere and ionosphere onto GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer). GOCE uses a gradiometer consisting <strong>of</strong> 6 accelerometers, pairwise mounted on three perpendicular axes. This way not only linear accelerations can be observed, but also angular accelerations. Dominant angular accelerations can be observed in the polar region and around the magnetic equator. It can be shown that these rotations find their way into the gravity gradients (GG) determined by GOCE. We also want to describe these rotations and propose a way to reduce and/or eliminate them <strong>with</strong>in the GG via a modification <strong>of</strong> the inverse calibration matrices (ICMs), which are used for an optimal calibration <strong>of</strong> the gradiometer. Moreover, ionospheric and magnetical influences can also be found by analyzing disturbing signals, so-called ‘twangs’, <strong>with</strong>in GRACE accelerometer data. Analysis <strong>of</strong> these signatures reveal a temporal and spatial distribution. SESSION NO. 45 45-9 16:15 Eineder, Michael TANDEM-L: A RADAR MISSION PROPOSAL TO CAPTURE EARTH DYNAMICS EINEDER, Michael1 , HAJNSEK, Irena2 , MOREIRA, Alberto2 , BAMLER, Richard1 , KRIEGER, Gerhard2 , MINET, Christian1 , and DEZAN, Francesco2 , (1) Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenh<strong>of</strong>en, 82234, Germany, Michael.Eineder@dlr.de, (2) Microwaves and Radar Institute, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Münchner Str. 20, Oberpfaffenh<strong>of</strong>en, 82234, Germany Tandem-L is a proposal prepared by DLR and NASA for an L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mission to monitor important parameters <strong>of</strong> four different Earth spheres <strong>with</strong> different priorities. First priority: 1. Geosphere: the mission shall perform weekly measurements at global geo-risk areas such as volcanoes, plate boundaries and landslide areas. Additionally, areas where anthropogenic surface changes are expected shall be monitored. Examples for the latter are groundwater extraction in cities or carbon capture and storage sites. 2. Biosphere: the mission shall establish inventories <strong>of</strong> global forest heights and biomass and monitor the changes over 5 years. Second priority: 3. Cryosphere: the mission shall capture sea ice extent, permafrost, glacier and ice cap dynamics. 4. Hydrosphere: the mission shall perform measurements in different disciplines such as soil moisture, flooding and ocean currents. This contribution gives an overview over the mission. The presented goals and requirements will focus on geolocical applications (geosphere). Munich, Germany A69 Wednesday
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Geologische Vereinigung e.V. Hosted
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Welcome to Fragile Earth Conference
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straints and space-time scaling fac
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Field Trip E17 KTB Deep Drilling Si
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Program: On the way to the castles,
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executing and documenting your blas
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Sponsors The Munich Show (Mineralie
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RISIKEN ERKENNEN LÖSUNGEN ERARBEIT
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Bewerbung und Einschreibung Das Stu
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LMU Geology undergraduate and gradu
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T2: Regional Geological Processes A
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5-11 15:00 Singer, John*; Thuro, Ku
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Dassinies, Matthias: The TerTiarY h
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SESSION NO. 2 SESSION NO. 2, 11:00
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SESSION NO. 2 gradual decrease in d
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SESSION NO. 4 nutrients and polluta
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SESSION NO. 5 extraction of geother
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SESSION NO. 7 time-average equation
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SESSION NO. 8 Conrad (1876 - 1962),
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SESSION NO. 9 is closely coupled wi
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SESSION NO. 10 stresses transferred
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