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SESSION NO. 31 well-sorted fluvial and eolian sediments. Thereby sandstones with minor amounts of cements show high permeabilities, whereas low permeabilities are commonly related to the almost total filling of the primary porespace by authigenic minerals. Investigations on pore space geometries (abundance and interconnectivity of small and large pores) and grain surfaces allow an advanced understanding of reservoir properties and reactive surfaces in these rocks. In the basin center permeability of Lower Buntsandstein is low, whereas permeabilities in the Middle Buntsandstein formation are strongly enhanced. At the margin of the Thuringian Basin the influence of meteoric water is strongly affecting dissolution and alteration of minerals. Investigations of fluid pathways and diagenesis form the basis for later modelling of reservoir evolution and fluid flow within the Thuringian Basin. 31-15 BTH 21 Luick, Holger NEW POTENTIALS FOR STORING GREEN ENERGY USING PUMPED-STORAGE POWER-PLANTS LUICK, Holger1 , NIEMANN, André2 , PERAU, Eugen3 , WAGNER, Hermann Josef4 , and SCHREIBER, Ulrich1 , (1) Faculty of Biology, Geological Section, University of Duisburg- Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, Germany, Holger.Luick@uni-due.de, (2) Institute of Hydraulic Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, Germany, (3) Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Duisburg- Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, Germany, (4) LEE Energy Systems and Energy Economics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany It may be that by 2050, 100% of electrical power will be produced by renewables[1] in Germany. Following different scenarios, about 2/3 of this power will be generated from temporarily variable sources such as wind energy and photovoltaics. Therefore high-capacity energy storages will be needed for a constant supply with electrical energy using renewable resources[2]. Pumped-storage power plants (PSPP) are the most promising state-of-the-art technique making it possible to store sufficient amounts of energy in order to secure a constant supply of electricity even for highly developed countries. Traditionally pumped-storage power plants are constructed in areas characterized by a specific topography. In Norway, for instance, PSPPs have already gained a capacity of 82 TWh, which is about 70 % of the Norwegian total annual consumption of electrical energy of 116 TWh (2008)[3]. In Germany PSPPs have a capacity of 40 GWh relating to a total consumption of electrical energy of 735 TWh (2008)[4], which is about 0,005 %. Germany not having such a distinct topography, engineers have to look for alternative differences in altitude. Using anthropogenic altitude differences could be a contribution to the increase of PSPP capacity. These can be found in a) abandoned coal mines, e.g. in the Ruhr District, b) abandoned open-cast mining (lignite mining, e.g. Rheinisches Braunkohlerevier), c) deep offshore regions and seafloor areas characterized by steep slopes, e.g. parts of the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally geothermal energy can be used in coal mines to maximize efficiency and also ECBM (Enhanced Coal Bed Methane) techniques using microorganisms can be applied. Localisation, quantification and technical aspects of realisation of these so called subsurface pumped-storage power plants are the main aims of a multidisciplinary cooperation of the University of Duisburg-Essen and the Ruhr-University Bochum. The research project is funded by the Meractor Research Center Ruhr, an initiative of the Stiftung Mercator and the Universitätsallianz Metropole Ruhr. __________________________ [1] Umweltbundesamt, 2010 [2] Umweltbundesamt, 2010 [3] Statistisk sentralbyrå, 2011 [4] Umweltbundesamt, 2010 31-16 BTH 22 Heim, Sabine A PYROLYTIC STUDY OF GAS GENERATION FROM LIGNITES: GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC MATTER HEIM, Sabine, KROOSS, Bernhard M., and LITTKE, Ralf, Lehrstuhl für Geologie, Geochemie und Lagerstätten des Erdöls und der Kohle, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056, Germany, heim@lek.rwth-aachen.de Lignite samples from different regions, depositional environments and facies types were selected to investigate the petrography and geochemistry of low rank sedimentary organic matter. In continuation of previous research, this study attempted to assess the fate of nitrogen within the sedimentary nitrogen cycle, and evaluate qualitative and quantitative aspects of the thermal N generation from different nitrogen-containing precursor entities. 2 In a first screening phase, open system non-isothermal pyrolysis experiments were performed for a systematic comparison of gas liberation processes. Generation rates of N and 2 CH , shapes and intensities of pyrolytic peaks were found to represent sensitive indicators of 4 the chemical composition of sedimentary organic matter. Pyrograms of peat as well as higher rank coals reflect the increase in thermal maturity and the associated changes in chemical composition of the organic matter from predominantly low to higher thermal stability. The positions and shapes of pyrolytic N generation peaks are 2 related to the chemical conversion processes. Thermally less stable nitrogen precursors as well as some thermally stable precursor structures are present in peat. With increasing maturation, only the thermally more stable structures survive. Quite unexpectedly the pyrograms of lignites do not match the N liberation trends observed 2 for peat to higher rank hard coal but show distinct discontinuities. Obviously, the structure of nitrogen precursors in lignites is severely altered as compared to the peats. Furthermore there are also significant differences between the different lignite deposits. Thus, the liberation pattern and the chemical composition appear to be strongly influenced by the depositional environment and/or low-temperature thermal conversion processes in sedimentary basins. Future investigations on the chemical composition of the nitrogen-containing organic matter will comprise step-wise off line pyrolysis with subsequent GC/MS analysis of the volatile products in order to elucidate the changes in chemical composition of organic nitrogencontaining compounds. 31-17 BTH 23 Riße, Andreas MINERAL ALTERATIONS CAUSED BY OXIDISING ACCESSORY GASES IN THE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2 HEESCHEN, Katja, RIßE, Andreas, STADLER, Susanne, OSTERTAG-HENNING, Christian, and RÜTTERS, Heike, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Hannover, 30655, andreas.risse@bgr.de The German project COORAL (“CO Purity for Capture and Storage”) investigates the effects 2 of accessory gases during the processes of carbon sequestration, i.e., power generation, capture, transport, injection and CO geological storage. At BGR we concentrate on 2 geochemical experiments at in-situ pressure-temperature conditions to elucidate the occuring geochemical processes after injection of CO into saline aquifers. To understand the occuring 2 mineral alterations it is essential to investigate fluid-rock interactions that include the minerals of potential storage formations, CO and accessory gases that occur in the captured CO gas 2 2 stream. The latter will contain minor amounts of gases such as O , N , NO , SO , CO, and H S. 2 2 x x 2 A46 FRAGILE EARTH: Geological Processes from Global to Local Scales However, quantitative data on mineral alterations due to these accessory gases are scarce at relevant conditions. The experiments at BGR are carried out using static batch reactors equipped with chemically inert flexible gold-titanium-cells. The investigated mineral phases are carefully crushed, sorted and cleaned natural mono-minerals whereas the natural formation water is simplified to a Na-Cl solution (150 g NaCl /l). A first set of experiments on carbonates in pure water or salt solution allowed testing the laboratory set-up and adjusting the modelling environment using the numerical code PHREEQC. While experimental data without CO 2 addition are well represented by thermodynamic simulations, discrepancies occur between measured and simulated data in the presence of CO 2 . Duplicate dolomite-brine-CO 2 experiments exhibited a very good reproducibility showing release rates for both, Mg and Ca, between 2*10 10 mol s 1 cm 2 at the very beginning and 4*10 13 mol s 1 cm 2 just before approaching steady state. The main target of the ongoing experiments is a) to continue the work on the carbonates using a binary gas mixture of CO 2 –SO 2 thus looking into effects caused by an increased acidity and the presence of SO 4 and b) to investigate the effects of accessory O 2 on redox sensitive minerals, especially clay minerals. SESSION NO. 32, 15:30 Tuesday, 6 September 2011 S4. Plenary: Geological Research for Our Health (2011 - Year of Science in Health Research) (GSA Geology and Health Division, LMU Fragile Earth Fund) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 014 32-1 15:40 Matschullat, Jörg GEOSCIENCES AND HUMAN HEALTH MATSCHULLAT, Jörg, Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Centre, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Brennhausgasse 14, Freiberg 09599 Germany, joerg.matschullat@ioez.tu-freiberg.de Medical Geology or Medical Mineralogy and Geochemistry is an emerging field of our science that seems to develop largely unnoticed by many in the community. Is it really new? Does it address important issues? Do we need to “invent” yet another term for a research area in the geosciences? These questions shall be addressed rather from a down to earth perspective than from a semantic and theory-of-science background. The review of current works will help to better understand and appreciate the topic and ideally to attract some more smart minds into this fascinating field of activity. The year 2011 welcomes the 7th billion human and we expect the 9th billion person to be born around 2050. Such unprecedented population growth, combined with an increasing urbanisation, soil degradation etc. inevitably leads to mounting challenges for human health and wellbeing. The rising density of urban life, jointly with aging societies in many countries and extended life expectancies, require a broad array of expertise that the geosciences can deliver. Keywords for some of the topics that require intense attention and new solutions, range from artificial limbs, endo- and exoskeleton parts to smarter soil use with distinct support for agricultural production, food processing, and water management. Geosciences are in the centre of such challenges and can contribute greatly to minimize risks and to support a sustainable development for mankind. Suggested reading Dissanayake CB, Chandrajith R (eds; 2010) Introduction to medical geology. Springer Finkelman RB, Skinner HCW, Plumlee GS, Bunnell JE (2001) Medical geology. Geotimes 11, 2001 Komatina MM (ed; 2004) Medical geology 2: Effects of geological environments on human health. Elsevier Sahai N, Schoonen MAA (eds; 2006) Medical mineralogy and geochemistry. Rev Mineral Geochem 64: 332 p. Sahai N (guest ed, 2007) Medical mineralogy and geochemistry. Elements 3, 6: 71 p. Selinus O, Finkelman RB, Centeno JA (eds; 2010) Medical geology. Springer Selinus O, Alloway B, Centeno JA, Finkelman RB, Fuge R, Lindh U, Smedley P (2005) Essentials of medical geology – impacts of the natural environment on public health. Elsevier Skinner HCW, Berger AR (eds; 2003) Geology and health – closing the gap. Oxford University Press 32-2 16:15 Skinner, Catherine CONNECTING THE SILENT HAZARDS IN THE GEOENVIRONMENT: GEOCHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY SKINNER, Catherine, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, catherine.skinner@yale.edu The 92 naturally occurring elements on earth are found as inorganic and organic chemicals in rocks, soils, waters and air. They are also essential components of biomineralized life forms whose persistence implies specialized biochemical characteristics and mechanisms that insure survival. Their existence and aggregation have influenced elemental distribution over billions of years. Humans, now the dominant force changing the geo-environment, require the same basic inputs as any species: air, water and food with addition of our society’s innovations all of which impact the environment. Buildings, cars, and e-mail enhance our ability to transport not only ourselves but our food, water and thoughts, but also have caused global redistribution of the elements, and changes that may influence our health. Today, elemental variations, anomalies, are noted on all continents. Some are considered “Silent Hazards” (invisible, odorless, tasteless) and in such small amounts that only highresolution analyses permit detection and accurate measurements. Any relationship with morbidity or mortality requires painstaking procedures coupled with experimental data to address competing and /or complicating causation co-factors. Integration of geo- and biological scientists, medical and community health professionals may lead to interpretations often confounded by differences in the human subjects and their life styles. The effects of genetics, metabolism, age, food intake, and exposures in distinct geographic localities are not easily determined nor can they be applied uniformly and globally. Meta analyses including experimental and clinical studies reinforce our willingness to establish levels of permissible exposure and usually in workplace environments. However, it may take years to show that restriction or elimination of a particular offending element or compound and require additional scientific investigations as well as international cooperation. The notoriety of some diseases or elements may eventually lead to establishment of scientifically based national public health standards the first step in assuring better global health.
32-3 16:50 Manning, Andrew H. POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER QUALITY IN MINERALIZED WATERSHEDS MANNING, Andrew H. 1 , TODD, Andrew S. 2 , and VERPLANCK, Philip L. 1 , (1) U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225-0046, amanning@ usgs.gov, (2) U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 A unique long-term water chemistry dataset has been compiled for Upper Snake Creek, a stream draining a mineralized alpine watershed in the Front Range of Colorado, USA. Trace metal (mainly zinc) and sulfate concentrations in stream water at baseflow have increased by a factor of two to three over the past three decades. Although small mines are located in the watershed, they are abandoned and no mining or mine-remediation activities have occurred during this period. A similar increase in sulfate concentration has been observed in another part of the Colorado Rockies in lakes within mineralized watersheds also free of recent mining activity. These trends are concerning because mineralized watersheds are common throughout the mountains of the western US, and further water quality degradation could negatively impact downstream drinking water resources and aquatic ecosystems. Climate change is a potential cause, but specific links between climate and the natural production of low-pH, metal-rich ground and surface water (acid-rock drainage) in mineralized watersheds is poorly understood. In this study, we employ the code TOUGHREACT to perform schematic numerical flow and reactive transport simulations to evaluate the relative importance of different climatic and hydrologic variables in the oxidation of sulfides in the subsurface in unmined settings. Inverse modeling techniques are used to quantify the sensitivity of acid-rock drainage production rates to various parameters. Preliminary results suggest that water-table depth, recharge rate, and the magnitude of seasonal water-table fluctuations are of primary importance. Climate change scenarios involving increasing temperature and decreasing snowpack, as predicted for much of the western US, may thus portend further water quality degradation in many mineralized watersheds due to decreasing groundwater recharge and falling water tables. 32-4 17:10 Knappett, Peter S.K. TRANSPORT OF FECAL BACTERIA FROM PONDS TO AQUIFERS IN RURAL BANGLADESH: THE ROLE OF ADJACENT SEDIMENT GRAIN SIZE KNAPPETT, Peter S.K., Institute for Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany, peter. knappett@helmholtz-muenchen.de, MCKAY, Larry, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, LAYTON, Alice C., Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, WILLIAMS, Daniel E., Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 676 Dabeny-Beuhler Hall, 1416 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37931, AHMED, K.M., Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Ramna, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, CULLIGAN, Patricia J., Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, Room 626, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, MAILLOUX, Brian, Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, 404 Altschul, New York, NC 10027, EMCH, Michael, Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Saunders 308, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, SERRE, Marc L., Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3220, and VAN GEEN, A., Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia Univ, 61 Rte. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 Widespread fecal contamination observed in shallow aquifers in Bangladesh is suspected to contribute to high rates of diarrheal disease. In Bangladesh and other developing countries, ponds that receive untreated latrine effluent represent potential point sources of fecal contamination to drinking water wells emplaced within shallow aquifers. This may be especially important during the monsoon when ponds tend to rapidly fill with contaminated runoff water and then drain into the ground. To test the hypotheses that ponds are sources of fecal bacteria to groundwater, nine transects of monitoring wells radiating away from four ponds were installed in a shallow sandy aquifer underlying a village in rural Bangladesh. Sediment coring revealed that two of these ponds were emplaced within fine-grained sand, one was in fine, silty sand and one was in silt. Eight of the nine transects were sampled monthly for cultured E. coli from September 2008 through October 2009. E. coli was detected only at very low concentrations (800 MPN/100 mL) and molecular E. coli and Bacteroidales (>100,000 copies/100 mL) were found in monitoring wells in the aquifer adjacent to the two ponds emplaced within clean sand. In June of 2009, water levels in all four ponds were artificially raised by 16 to 63 cm to simulate early monsoon flooding conditions and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were monitored at least once a week in four transects, one adjacent to each pond. Increases in FIB concentrations up to 7 meters away from two ponds were accompanied by increases in lateral hydraulic gradient. This only occurred adjacent to ponds emplaced within clean sand, whereas FIB concentrations were very low or not-detected next to ponds emplaced within silty sand or silt. Thus, whether ponds are point sources of fecal contamination depends sensitively on the grain size of sediments immediately adjacent to the ponds. 32-5 17:25 Kipry, Judith BACTERIALLY INDUCED FERRIC MINERAL PRECIPITATION IN ACID MINE WATERS KIPRY, Judith1 , GÖTZ, Andreas2 , WIACEK, Claudia1 , SCHMAHL, Wolfgang2 , and SCHLÖMANN, Michael1 , (1) TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Bioscience, Environmental Microbiology, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg, 09599, Germany, judith.kipry@ ioez.tu-freiberg.de, (2) LMU München, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section of Applied Crystallography and Material Science, Theresienstraße 41/II, München, 80333, Germany Ferric minerals are typically found in acid mine waters. These waters are characterized by low pH and high concentration of heavy metals e.g. iron. Acidophilic bacteria play an important role during mineral precipitation since chemical iron oxidation is negligible under acidic conditions. In addition to the supply of ferric ions for mineral precipitation iron oxidizing bacteria might function actively in mineral precipitation. We investigated two different species of iron oxidizing bacteria: first the acidophilic iron oxidizer Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, and second the moderately acidophilic iron oxidizer Thiomonas sp. and we analyzed their role during ferric mineral precipitation in acid mine waters. Both species differ in their way of iron oxidation and mineral precipitation. The analyses of chemical parameters during cultivation experiments of acidophilic and moderately acidophilic iron oxidizing bacteria suggested that iron oxidation and mineral formation occurred nearly simultaneously in Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and consecutively in Thiomonas sp.. Electron microscopic investigations revealed no direct interactions between Leptospirillum ferrooxidans cells and the precipitated mineral, whereas a partial incrustation of Thiomonas sp. cells could be observed. XRD indicated that goethite and lepidocrocite were produced in presence of Thiomonas sp.. The precipitated mineral in experiments with Leptospirillum ferrooxidans was mainly composed of schwertmannite, a secondary metastable iron(III)-oxyhydroxysulfate with a hedgehog like structure. Schwertmannite hedgehogs were often found in environmental samples. So far we suggested that the hedgehogs are incrusted bacteria cells. The present data demonstrate that the hedgehog like structure is the result of the oxidation rate and consequently of the supply of ferric ion and independent from the presence of bacterial cells. SESSION NO. 33 SESSION NO. 33, 14:00 Tuesday, 6 September 2011 T3B. The Challenge of Understanding Continental Intraplate Earthquakes Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016 33-1 14:00 Nasir, Asma HOW COMPLETE ARE HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE RECORDS IN CENTRAL EUROPE? NASIR, Asma1 , LENHARDT, Wolfgang A. 2 , HINTERSBERGER, Esther1 , and DECKER, Kurt3 , (1) Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria, asma.nasir@univie.ac.at, (2) Geophysics, ZAMG, Hohe Warte 38, Vienna, 1190, Austria, (3) Center for Earth Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria In Central Europe, a long settlement history provides the advantage of a long record of historical seismic catalogues in a region characterized by low to medium seismicity. However, uncertainties with respect to intensity, reliability, homogeneity, and location accuracy provide a major challenge to prepare those catalogues for usage in seismic hazard assessment. Especially the incompleteness of historical records affects the determination of a and b parameters of Gutenberg-Richter (GR) relation which are crucial elements for earthquake recurrence interval estimations. Mainly two different approaches have been proposed for checking completeness of seismic catalogues: Temporal course of earthquake frequency (TCEF), generally used in Europe, and the completeness method proposed by Stepp (1972), based on statistical analysis of mean earthquake recurrence interval for varying time windows. We compared systematically the effects of those different methods on the GR relation, as well as the influence of removing foreand aftershocks. For this purpose, we created a new composite catalogue for Austria and the Vienna Basin, based on four different earthquake catalogues of different record length. The new composite catalogue includes data from surrounding regions such as the Vienna Basin outside Austria and a buffer region 100km outside the boundary of the Austria and Vienna basin. The composite catalogue covers data between 1048 - 2009AD. This newly compiled composite catalogue has been declustered manually using magnitude-dependent space and time windows. The derived a and b-parameters depend strongly on the completeness method we used. To avoid the ambiguities related to different local intensity magnitude conversions, the completeness checks are made for intensity. Stepp method seems to be more reliable because it does not include the highest intensity (I = X), because the observation period is too short for constraining a stable recurrence interval. On the other hand TCEF includes higher intensity classes for estimation of a and b-parameters of GR relation. Both completeness methods have been applied also on Vienna Basin source zone, a subset of the composite catalogue. Comparison shows that completeness of the entire dataset is apparently overestimated, especially for smaller intensities. 33-2 14:15 Hintersberger, Esther AN UPDATED APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING PALEO-EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDES FROM MULTIPLE TRENCH OBSERVATIONS HINTERSBERGER, Esther, Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria, esther.hintersberger@univie.ac.at and DECKER, Kurt, Center for Earth Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria One of the major contributions of paleoseismology to seismic hazard assessment are paleoearthquake magnitudes. Especially in regions with low or moderate seismicity, paleomagnitudes are normally much larger than those of historical earthquakes. Biasi & Weldon (2006) proposed a probabilistic magnitude estimate given one observed displacement, taking into account the natural variability of surface displacement along a fault. However, in case of more observation points (i.e. trench sites) per fault, single-event displacements at different locations can be correlated and result in a larger set of observed displacements for each earthquake. This can be used to narrow down the possible magnitude range associated with the generating earthquake. Extrapolating the approach of Biasi and Weldon (2006), the single-observation probability density functions (PDF) are assumed to be independent of each other, since observations of each trench do not depend on the findings of other trenches. Following this line, the common PDF for all observed displacements generated by one earthquake is the product of all single-displacement PDFs. In order to test this idea to practicability, we used the results of a paleoseismological investigation within the Vienna Pull-Apart Basin (Austria), where 3 trenches were opened along the normal Markgrafneusiedl Fault (MGNSF). Even if the Vienna Basin is characterized by low to medium seismicity (Mmax = 5.3/Imax = 8), there is no historical seismicity recorded along the MGNSF. However, our studies provide evidence for at least 5 major earthquakes with M > 6.0 along the MGNSF during the last ~ 100 ka. Using events that are observed within all 3 trench sites, we derived common magnitude PDFs for each set of observed displacements related to a single event. As expected, the final magnitude PDFs are narrower than those of the single-event magnitude PDFs. In addition, they are dominated by the largest observed displacement, especially with respect to the lowest magnitude that could have generated all observed displacements. In total, this approach seems to be a suitable method to combine observations from different locations to one magnitude value accounting for the natural variances of observed along-strike surface displacement. Reference: Biasi & Weldon (2006), BSSA 96, pp. 1612-1623. 33-3 14:30 Berberich, Gabriele GEOBIOSCIENCE: RED WOOD ANT MOUNDS AS BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR NEOTECTONIC EARTHQUAKE-BEARING FAULT SYSTEMS BERBERICH, Gabriele, Department of Geology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen, 45141, Germany, gabriele.berberich@uni-due.de and SCHREIBER, Ulrich, Faculty of Biology, Geological Section, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, Germany The volcanic West Eifel (Germany) is part of the Variscan folded Rhenoherzynikum that was tectonically sheared in Mesozoic and Cenozoic times according to multiple changes of principal stress directions. The current stress field with a NW-SE-trending main stress direction opens pathways for geogenic gases. At the same time, Variscan faults that are part of a conjugated shear system, are reactivated. In the 1990s, equidistant neotectonic W-E-trending strike-slip fault systems were identified in coalmines of the Ruhr Carboniferous. The question was if it is possible to identify these fault systems also in areas without any mines or outcrops by bioindicators as red wood ants (RWA, genus Formica). RWA have a strong affinity for gas-permeable earthquake-bearing neotectonic fault systems. There are first indications, that geogenic gases ascending from faults play a decisive role. Munich, Germany A47 Tuesday
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RISIKEN ERKENNEN LÖSUNGEN ERARBEIT
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