Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America
Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America
Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America
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Geologische Vereinigung e.V.<br />
Hosted by:<br />
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenchaften.<br />
Joint Meeting | Munich, Germany | 4–7 September 2011<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> Processes From Global to Local Scales, Associated Hazards & Resources<br />
<strong>Abstracts</strong> <strong>with</strong> <strong>Programs</strong>
Supporting Societies<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München<br />
Munich GeoCenter<br />
Technische Universität München<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong><br />
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften<br />
Fachsektion Hydrogeologie der DGG<br />
Geologische Vereinigung e.V.<br />
Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft e.V.<br />
Berufsverband Deutscher Geowissenschaftler<br />
The <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> London<br />
Österreichische Geologische Gesellschaft<br />
The Planet Earth Institute<br />
Österreichische Geophysikalische Gesellschaft<br />
Geopark Bayern-Böhmen<br />
European Geopark Vulkaneifel<br />
Rieskrater-Museum Nördlingen
An international conference presented by<br />
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (DGG)<br />
and<br />
Geologische Vereinigung (GV)<br />
and<br />
The <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong> (GSA)<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales,<br />
Associated Hazards & Resources<br />
Munich, Germany<br />
September 4-7, 2011<br />
Hosted by<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)<br />
Munich GeoCenter<br />
Technische Universität München (TUM)<br />
Fachsektion Hydrogeologie der DGG<br />
Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft<br />
Berufsverband Deutscher Geowissenschaftler<br />
The <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> London<br />
Österreichische Geologische Gesellschaft<br />
GeoMunich 2011<br />
100th Annual Meeting <strong>of</strong> Geologische Vereinigung<br />
163rd Annual Meeting <strong>of</strong> Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften<br />
<strong>with</strong> additional support from<br />
The Planet Earth Institute<br />
Österreichische Geophysikalische Gesellschaft<br />
Geopark Bayern-Böhmen<br />
European Geopark Vulkaneifel<br />
Rieskrater-Museum Nördlingen<br />
Visit our website at http://www.geomunich2011.de
LMU Geology<br />
Maria Ogilvie-Gordon, a Scottish field geologist, was the first woman to be<br />
awarded a doctorate degree at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München<br />
in June <strong>of</strong> 1900. Her work on the structural geology and paleontology <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Dolomites, northern Italy, brought her international renown.<br />
The logo <strong>of</strong> LMU Geology shows her initials and one <strong>of</strong> her structural<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>iles across Piz Boé, showing a „Gipfelüberschiebung“.<br />
(Maria M. Ogilvie-Gordon: Die Überschiebung am Gipfel des Sellamassivs in<br />
Südtirol; in: Verhandlungen der k. k. geolog. Reichsanstalt, 1910)<br />
NOTICE<br />
In the interest <strong>of</strong> public information, the GeoMunich2011 conference provides this forum for the presentation<br />
<strong>of</strong> diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless <strong>of</strong> their race, citizenship, gender, religion,<br />
or political viewpoint. The opinions (views) expressed in this publication and/or by speakers and exhibitors at<br />
these sessions are their own and do not reflect <strong>of</strong>ficial positions <strong>of</strong> the conference.<br />
Editor-in-chief:<br />
Anke Friedrich, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences,<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, friedrich@lmu.de<br />
Editors:<br />
Florian H<strong>of</strong>mann, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences,<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, florian.h<strong>of</strong>mann42@gmail.com<br />
Günther Neumeier, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences,<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
guenther.neumeier@iaag.geo.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Layout:<br />
Florian H<strong>of</strong>mann, LMU Munich<br />
Günther Neumeier, LMU Munich<br />
Graphics:<br />
Florian H<strong>of</strong>mann, LMU Munich<br />
<strong>Abstracts</strong> and Technical Sessions:<br />
Nancy Wright, <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong>, nwright@geosociety.org<br />
Linda Battan, <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong>, lbattan@geosociety.org
Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />
Conference Schedule ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4<br />
General Information ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5<br />
Maps <strong>of</strong> Munich, Conference Rooms and Service ������������������������������������������������������6<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> Munich (Downtown and Hotels) ..................................................................... 6<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> Lecture Rooms, Poster Halls, and Service ...................................................... 8<br />
Welcome to Fragile Earth Conference ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 11<br />
Conference Dinner and Awards Ceremony �������������������������������������������������������������� 15<br />
Public Evening Lecture���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16<br />
Invited Speakers �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17<br />
Educator and Student Events ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 19<br />
Workshops �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20<br />
Description <strong>of</strong> Workshops ............................................................................................ 20<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> Workshop and Splinter Meeting Locations .................................................. 23<br />
Field Trips ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24<br />
Pre-Conference Field Trips (August 21 to September 4) .......................................... 24<br />
Post-Conference Field Trips (September 8-14) ........................................................... 29<br />
Guest Program ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34<br />
Exhibitors for GeoMunich2011 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 36<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Exhibitors and Booth Locations ...................................................................... 36<br />
Exhibitor Descriptions .................................................................................................. 36<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> Exhibitors and Booth Locations ..................................................................... 38<br />
Technical Sessions ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 55<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Technical Sessions .............................................................................................. 55<br />
Description <strong>of</strong> Technical Sessions................................................................................ 57<br />
Technical Program Changes ........................................................................................ 65<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> Oral Sessions �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������66<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Oral Sessions ....................................................................................................... 66<br />
Monday, September 5 .................................................................................................... 67<br />
Tuesday, September 6 .................................................................................................... 68<br />
Wednesday, September 7 .............................................................................................. 69<br />
Floor Plans <strong>of</strong> Conference Venue ................................................................................. 70<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> Poster Session���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 72<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Poster Sessions .................................................................................................... 72<br />
Floor Plans Poster Halls ................................................................................................ 73<br />
Information for Presenters���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 74<br />
Technical Program .......................................................................................................T1-T14<br />
<strong>Abstracts</strong> ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������A1-A69<br />
Index <strong>of</strong> Authors................................................................................................................I1-I4
8:00<br />
9:00<br />
10:00<br />
11:00<br />
12:00<br />
13:00<br />
14:00<br />
15:00<br />
16:00<br />
17:00<br />
18:00<br />
19:00<br />
20:00<br />
21:00<br />
registration 16:00-18:00<br />
Sunday<br />
September 4<br />
GSA International Section<br />
Lunch Reception<br />
(Luisenstr. 37, 221**)<br />
11:00-13:00<br />
Planet Earth Board<br />
Meeting (RiWa 109**)<br />
14:00-18:00<br />
DGG Council Meeting<br />
(RiWa 108**)<br />
GV Council Meeting<br />
(RiWa 106**)<br />
15:00-17:00<br />
DGG + GV Joint Council<br />
Meeting (RiWa 102**)<br />
17:00-18:00<br />
Ice Breaker<br />
LMU Main Building<br />
18:00-21:00<br />
detailed schedule <strong>of</strong> oral sessions: pages 69-71<br />
floor plans LMU main building: pages 10f<br />
Locations: (city maps see pages 8-9)<br />
Conference Location:<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) - Main Building<br />
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1<br />
80539 Munich, Germany<br />
U-Bahn station “Universität” (U3/U6)<br />
Conference Dinner and Awards Ceremony:<br />
Tuesday, September 6, 18:30 (entry starts at 18:00)<br />
H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus, Platzl 9, 80331 Munich, Germany<br />
U-Bahn/S-Bahn station “Marienplatz” (U3/U6/S-Bahn)<br />
For further information see page 17.<br />
Conference Schedule<br />
Monday<br />
September 5<br />
Abendvortrag<br />
(E120, Große Aula)<br />
20:00-21:30<br />
6 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Tuesday<br />
September 6<br />
registration opens 7:30 (Mon) / 8:00 (Tue, Wed)<br />
Plenary Session<br />
(E120, Große Aula)<br />
8:30-10:30<br />
Co�ee Break 10:30-11:00<br />
Oral Sessions<br />
11:00-18:00<br />
Lunch Break<br />
12:45-14:00<br />
Membership Meetings<br />
GV: A140, DGG: M105<br />
13:00-14:00<br />
Co�ee Break<br />
15:00-15:45<br />
Poster Sessions<br />
16:30-18:00<br />
Conference Dinner<br />
and Awards<br />
Ceremony,<br />
H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus<br />
18:15-23:00<br />
Wednesday<br />
September 7<br />
* free beer in poster session: Wednesday only<br />
** LMU Geology, Luisenstr. 37, map see page 25<br />
Ice Breaker:<br />
Sunday, September 4, 18:00-21:00<br />
LMU Main Building,<br />
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany<br />
U-Bahn station “Universität” (U3/U6)<br />
Workshop and Splinter Meeting Location: (map page 25)<br />
Workshops are held at LMU Geology building unless otherwise<br />
indicated.<br />
LMU Geology, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany<br />
U-Bahn station “Königsplatz” (U2)<br />
*
Check-In and On-Site Registration<br />
LMU Munich Main Building, Lichth<strong>of</strong><br />
Registration Desk Hours<br />
Sunday, September 4 16:00 - 18:00<br />
Monday, September 5 7:30 - 18:00<br />
Tuesday, September 6 8:00 - 17:00<br />
Wednesday, September 7 8:00 - 15:00<br />
Contact: registration@geomunich2011.de<br />
Badges are required for access to all activities. Please check-in<br />
and pick up your badge at the registration desk in the Lichth<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> the LMU Munich main building together <strong>with</strong> your invoice,<br />
conference bag and USB stick (if ordered in advance).<br />
If you have not pre-registered you can still register on-site for<br />
the meeting, and also - if still available - for field trips and<br />
guest tours. On-site registration payment is preferred in cash,<br />
but credit card payment is also possible (MasterCard/Visa).<br />
Please note that we can only provide refunds if an event you<br />
have booked is canceled. Also participation in the conference<br />
dinner may no longer be available at that point in time.<br />
On-Site Registration Fees (in €)<br />
Regular Member (1) 310 €<br />
Regular Non-member 370 €<br />
Member reduced (1) (2) 180 €<br />
Non-member reduced (2) 210 €<br />
Dayticket 05.09.11 (3) 180 €<br />
Dayticket 06.09.11 (3) 180 €<br />
Dayticket 07.09.11 (3) 180 €<br />
Field Trip participation only (4) 70 €<br />
Guest (5) 180 €<br />
Low Income Economy 50 €<br />
(1) Participants having paid their annual membership fee for 2011 to<br />
the Geologische Vereinigung (GV),<br />
the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (DGG),<br />
the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG),<br />
the Österreichische Geologische Gesellschaft (ÖGG),<br />
the Austrian Geophysical <strong>Society</strong> (AGS), or<br />
the <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong> (GSA).<br />
(2) Students, teachers, unemployed persons and seniors (age 60 or older and retired<br />
from fulltime employment).<br />
(3) Conference dinner not included.<br />
(4) If you do not plan to participate in any part <strong>of</strong> the conference. It will NOT allow you<br />
access to the meeting venue.<br />
(5) Must be accompanying a regular member.<br />
Guidelines<br />
It is not permitted to take photographs or make video/audio<br />
recordings <strong>of</strong> technical sessions. This includes posters, unless<br />
the poster author is present and explicitly gives permission.<br />
Smoking is prohibited by law in all indoor areas <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.<br />
Please turn <strong>of</strong>f your cell phone before entering oral session<br />
rooms.<br />
Guidelines for speakers and poster presenters see page 76.<br />
General Information<br />
Service<br />
Accessibility for Special Needs<br />
We are committed to making the conference accessible to all<br />
attendees. If you or your guests need auxiliary aids or services<br />
because <strong>of</strong> special needs, please come to the Information &<br />
Registration Desk or phone 089-2180-6513.<br />
City, Visitor, and Information Desk, Lost & Found<br />
LMU Main Building—Information & Registration Desk<br />
Phone: 089-2180-6513<br />
Office hours: Sun 17:00–20:00, Mon–Wed 8:00–17:00<br />
Coat and Luggage Check<br />
LMU Main Building Room A002<br />
Sun 16:00–21:00, Mon 8:00-21:00, Tue-Wed 8:00-18:00<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee Breaks<br />
LMU Main Building, Thomas-Mann-Halle (map page 11)<br />
Mon–Wed 10:30–11:00 & 15:00–15:45<br />
Come enjoy free c<strong>of</strong>fee while it lasts!<br />
Lunch Break<br />
Mon–Wed 12:45–14:00<br />
Free map <strong>with</strong> lunch locations available at the Information &<br />
Registration Desk.<br />
Exhibits Office<br />
LMU Main Building—Information & Registration Desk<br />
Phone 0151-56567309<br />
Exhibit: Mon–Wed 8:30–18:00<br />
First Aid & Emergency Services<br />
LMU Main Building Room A028<br />
Sun 16:00–21:00, Mon 8:00-21:00, Tue-Wed 8:00-18:00<br />
Internet Access<br />
LMU Main Building: Wireless Internet will be available. Password<br />
will be posted at the Information & Registration Desk.<br />
Newsroom<br />
LMU Main Building, room tba, Mon–Wed 7:30–18:00<br />
Media representatives and public information <strong>of</strong>ficers can<br />
register and pick up badges, abstract books, programs, and<br />
related information in the newsroom.<br />
View meeting-related press releases in the online newsroom at<br />
http://www.geosociety.org/meetings/2010/media.htm.<br />
Parking<br />
There is no onsite parking available. We recommend to use<br />
public transportation.<br />
Public Transportation<br />
Information on public transportation options and tickets:<br />
http://geosociety.org/meetings/2011munich/documents/<br />
MVVmanual_english.pdf<br />
Poster Exhibit<br />
LMU Main Building, Senate Rooms (P1, P2); Dekanatsgang<br />
(P3), Thomas Mann Halle (P4); Mon–Wed 8:30–18:00.<br />
Authors are present 16:30-18:00.<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 7
694000<br />
693000<br />
692000<br />
691000<br />
690000<br />
689000<br />
Hotels<br />
Meters<br />
0 250 500 1.000<br />
Münchener Freiheit<br />
1 Hotel Antares<br />
2 Cosmopolitan Hotel<br />
3 Hotel Königswache<br />
4 Hotel LEX garni im<br />
Gartenh<strong>of</strong><br />
5 Hotel Excelsior<br />
6 Motel One München-<br />
Sendlinger Tor<br />
7 Motel One München-<br />
Deutsches Museum<br />
8 Hotel Hauser an der<br />
Universität<br />
9 Leonardo Boutique<br />
10 das HOTEL in München<br />
11 H‘Otello Hohenzollernstraße<br />
12 Golden Leaf Parkhotel<br />
13 Hotel Bayerischer H<strong>of</strong><br />
14 Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten<br />
15 Hotel The Charles<br />
16 Hotel Luitpold<br />
17 Winter´s Hotel City<br />
Center<br />
18 So�tel Munich Bayerpost<br />
19 Motel One München<br />
City-Ost<br />
20 Motel One München<br />
City-West<br />
Hohenzollernplatz<br />
2<br />
"<br />
"<br />
11<br />
Ü<br />
5337000<br />
Giselastrasse<br />
5337000<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> Munich (Downtown and Hotels)<br />
English<br />
Garden<br />
Josephplatz<br />
MEETING VENUE<br />
(LMU Main Building)<br />
Universität<br />
8<br />
Theresienstrasse<br />
"<br />
"<br />
" 18 5<br />
8 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
"<br />
"<br />
10<br />
3<br />
Maillingerstrasse<br />
5336000<br />
"<br />
9<br />
"<br />
"<br />
4<br />
5336000<br />
1<br />
LMU Geology<br />
"<br />
Stiglmaierplatz<br />
Königsplatz<br />
12<br />
15<br />
"<br />
Odeonsplatz<br />
"<br />
13<br />
"<br />
17<br />
Prinzregentenplatz<br />
Lehel<br />
14<br />
"<br />
16<br />
Hauptbahnh<strong>of</strong><br />
(Central Station)<br />
5335000<br />
"<br />
Karlsplatz-Stachus<br />
20<br />
"<br />
5335000<br />
CONFERENCE DINNER<br />
(H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus)<br />
Marienplatz<br />
Max-Weber-Platz<br />
Isartor<br />
6<br />
Theresienwiese<br />
"<br />
19<br />
Sendlinger Tor<br />
Schwanthalerhöhe<br />
"<br />
5334000<br />
5334000<br />
Rosenheimer Platz<br />
7<br />
Frauenh<strong>of</strong>erstrasse<br />
Goetheplatz<br />
color version<br />
see back cover<br />
Ostbahnh<strong>of</strong><br />
"<br />
694000<br />
693000<br />
692000<br />
691000<br />
690000<br />
689000<br />
LMU Geology:<br />
Dept. <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences<br />
Luisenstr. 37<br />
80333 München<br />
Meeting Venue:<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München<br />
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1<br />
80539 München<br />
projection: UTM Zone 32U<br />
datum: WGS1984<br />
U-Bahn/S-Bahn station<br />
Hotel<br />
"<br />
5<br />
S-Bahn Stammstrecke<br />
street<br />
U4<br />
U5<br />
U1<br />
U2<br />
roads from Open Street Map<br />
Isar river<br />
U6<br />
U3
N<br />
200 m<br />
U-Bahn (subway, U3/U6)<br />
Busstop (Bus Line 154)<br />
U<br />
B<br />
Akademiestraße<br />
Schnorrstraße<br />
Akademiestraße<br />
Amalienstraße<br />
Adalbertstraße<br />
Nordenstraße<br />
Adalbertstraße Adalbertstraße<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> Conference Venue and Surroundings<br />
Schackstraße<br />
Zieblandstraße<br />
Kaulbachstraße<br />
Amalienstraße<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essor-Huber-Platz<br />
Ludwigstraße Ludwigstraße<br />
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz<br />
Schellingstraße<br />
Barer Straße<br />
Schellingstraße<br />
LMU Geology<br />
(Luisenstr. 37)<br />
Schellingstraße<br />
Türkenstraße Türkenstraße Türkenstraße<br />
Blütenstraße<br />
LMU Main Building<br />
(conference venue)<br />
Königinstraße<br />
U<br />
U<br />
main entrance<br />
rear entrance<br />
Veterinärstraße<br />
Königinstraße<br />
U<br />
English<br />
Garden<br />
Kaulbachstraße<br />
U<br />
B<br />
Amalienstraße<br />
Theresienstraße<br />
Ludwigstraße<br />
Theresienstraße<br />
Königinstraße<br />
Kaulbachstraße<br />
downtown<br />
Türkenstraße<br />
Theresienstraße<br />
Amalienstraße<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 9
LMU Main Building<br />
Ground Floor<br />
Amalienstraße<br />
Overview Map<br />
LMU Main Building<br />
�rst aid<br />
A028<br />
WC-H<br />
LMU Main Building - Ground Floor<br />
WC-D<br />
A022<br />
A021<br />
conference area<br />
A017<br />
A016<br />
A015<br />
A014<br />
Information<br />
Registration<br />
10 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
A020<br />
left side<br />
right side<br />
Head<br />
O�ce<br />
cloakroom<br />
main entrance<br />
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
LMU Main Building<br />
First Floor<br />
Overview Map<br />
LMU Main Building<br />
A140<br />
M105<br />
WC-H<br />
LMU Main Building - First Floor<br />
WC-D<br />
conference area<br />
A125<br />
poster area<br />
left side<br />
A119<br />
E120<br />
Große Aula<br />
Thomas-<br />
Mann-<br />
Halle<br />
P4<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 11<br />
Senate Rooms<br />
co�ee<br />
poster poster<br />
area area<br />
P1 P2<br />
poster<br />
area<br />
poster<br />
P3<br />
area<br />
P3<br />
stands
LMU Munich – Organizing Team <strong>of</strong> the Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Earth- and Environmental Sciences<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Anke Friedrich<br />
Chair <strong>of</strong> Geology<br />
Dr. Helen Pfuhl<br />
Munich GeoCenter Science<br />
Coordinator<br />
Dr. Günther Neumeier<br />
Dept. Scientific Staff<br />
Dr. Sara Carena<br />
Scientific Staff, Geology<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Claudia Trepmann<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, Geology<br />
Karin Hessinger<br />
Administrative Assistant, Geology<br />
Dipl.-Geol. Markus H<strong>of</strong>fmann<br />
Doctoral Student, Geology<br />
Robert Gerlach, MSc.<br />
Fragile Earth Office<br />
Florian H<strong>of</strong>mann<br />
B.Sc. Student, Geology<br />
Dr.-Ing. Amir Abolghasem<br />
Scientific Staff, Geology<br />
Dipl.-Geol. Ramona Baran<br />
Doctoral Student, Geology<br />
Mohamed ElKhashab<br />
Doctoral Student, Geology<br />
Heide Felske<br />
Technical Staff, Geology<br />
Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Constantin Hagen<br />
IT Technician, Geology<br />
Franziska Häuser<br />
Technical Staff, Geology<br />
Dipl.-Geol. Simon Kübler<br />
Doctoral Student, Geology<br />
Joanna Markut<br />
Administrative Assistant, Geology<br />
Karin Paschert<br />
Technical Staff, Geology<br />
Dipl.-Geogr. Stefanie Rieger<br />
Doctoral Student, Geology<br />
Diana Schmid<br />
B.Sc. Student, Geology<br />
Dr. Frank Söllner<br />
Scientific Staff, Geology<br />
Lukas Sundermann, B.Sc.<br />
M.Sc. Student, Geology<br />
Maria Tsekhemistrenko<br />
B.Sc. Student, Geology<br />
Ramona Weiß<br />
B.Sc. Student, Geology<br />
Conference Organizers and Volunteers<br />
overall chair <strong>of</strong> the meeting,<br />
technical program chair<br />
finances and event<br />
planning, registration, staff<br />
coordination and training<br />
publishing, web contact to<br />
GSA, public relations<br />
field trip coordinator and<br />
guide book editor<br />
IT student staff coordination<br />
<strong>of</strong>fice management, medal<br />
ceremony, conference dinner<br />
sponsors and exhibitors,<br />
venue plan, safety<br />
registration<br />
graphics, technical program,<br />
publishing<br />
workshops, IT coordination<br />
guest program, pro<strong>of</strong>reading<br />
international ambassador<br />
graphics design, maps<br />
IT support, laptops,<br />
electronics, WLAN<br />
transportation<br />
musical program, conference<br />
dinner<br />
secretary, registration<br />
guest program, meeting <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
housing, student staff<br />
coordination<br />
musical program<br />
workshops, photography<br />
couch surfing service<br />
student volunteer recruiting<br />
public relations<br />
Munich GeoCenter Contacts<br />
12 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Hans-Peter Bunge board chair<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Kurosch Thuro board member<br />
GV & DGG Contacts<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Ralf Littke chairman, GV<br />
Rita Spitzlei administrative assistant, GV<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Stefan Wohnlich chairman, DGG<br />
Dr. Heinz-Gerd Röhling treasurer, DGG<br />
GSA Contacts<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. John W. Geissman president<br />
Dr. Jack Hess executive director<br />
Melissa Cummiskey contact for all matters<br />
Nancy Wright contact for all matters, abstracts<br />
Linda Battan technical program<br />
Joan Manly web design and implementation<br />
Jeanette Hammann field guide book<br />
Scientific Committee<br />
Alexander Allmann Munich Re, Germany<br />
Richard Bamler DLR and TUM, Germany<br />
Lukas Baumgartner U <strong>of</strong> Lausanne, Switzerland<br />
Hans-Peter Bunge LMU Munich, Germany<br />
Clark Burchfiel MIT, USA<br />
Sierd Cloetingh U <strong>of</strong> Amsterdam, Netherlands<br />
Donald B. Dingwell LMU Munich, Germany<br />
Wolfgang Eder LMU Munich, Germany<br />
Anke M. Friedrich LMU Munich, Germany<br />
Reinhard Gaupp U <strong>of</strong> Jena, Germany<br />
Mark Handy FU Berlin, Germany<br />
Christoph Heubeck FU Berlin, Germany<br />
Christian Heine U <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Australia<br />
Wesley Hill GSA, Boulder, USA<br />
Kip Hodges ASU, Tucson, USA<br />
Eric Kirby Penn State, USA<br />
Jörn Kruhl TU Munich, Germany<br />
Ralf Littke U <strong>of</strong> Aachen, Germany<br />
Dietmar Müller U <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Australia<br />
Dietrich Roeder Lakewood, CO, USA<br />
Werner Stackebrandt LBGR Brandenburg, Germany<br />
Seth Stein Northwestern University, USA<br />
Kurosch Thuro TU Munich, Germany<br />
Claudia Trepmann U <strong>of</strong> Bochum, Germany<br />
Jörg Völkl TU Munich, Germany<br />
Stefan Wohnlich U <strong>of</strong> Bochum, Germany<br />
Bruce Yardley U <strong>of</strong> Leeds, UK<br />
We also thank:<br />
Daniel Bimesmeier, Laura Casella, Luo Cong, Katharina Döhler, Eva Eibl, Sebastian Eichinger, Andreas Fina, Armin Fischer, Rachel Fischer, Jennifer<br />
Garnish, Doaa Ghazaly, Natascha Haßelbach, Andreas Hotschek, Theresa Klausner, Melanie Kühn, Fabian Lindner, Michael Lindner, Ludwig Siebel,<br />
Viola Mages, Jennifer Maltzahn, Michael Lindner, Lorenz Michel, Moritz Mühlberg, Gianna Persichini, Sebastian Niklas Petschko, Philip Rieger, Katrin<br />
Schallhammer, Gerald Schroll, Georg Stockinger, Kai Tandon, Zuzanna Urlik, Petra Vesela, Patrizia Will, Tim Yilmaz, Tobias Zaege, Johanna Ziegowski
Welcome to Fragile Earth Conference<br />
Welcome to the GeoMunich2011 - Fragile Earth international conference!<br />
The geosciences are one <strong>of</strong> the most important scientific fields <strong>of</strong> the 21st century. The growing world population<br />
faces risks due to geological hazards — such as the great Tohoku-Oki earthquake-tsunami events <strong>of</strong> March 11, 2011,<br />
in Japan — but also pr<strong>of</strong>its from geological resources. Mitigation <strong>of</strong> risks and availability <strong>of</strong> resources depends on the<br />
understanding <strong>of</strong> complex and transient geological processes acting at global, regional and local scales. This conference<br />
provides an international platform for research on global geodynamic processes and plate motion, regional plate<br />
boundary processes and their associated resources (e.g. oil, gas and geothermal energy), and on dynamics <strong>of</strong> fault<br />
networks and magmatic systems <strong>with</strong> their associated hazards (e.g. earthquakes and volcanic eruptions).<br />
For the first time, the annual meetings <strong>of</strong> the German <strong>Geological</strong> Societies are held jointly <strong>with</strong> The <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong>. We thank the staff members <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong>, and the geology staff members and<br />
students <strong>of</strong> the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München for their essential help in organizing the various aspects <strong>of</strong><br />
this meeting (see page 12).<br />
On behalf <strong>of</strong> the three organizing societies, I would like to thank the members <strong>of</strong> the scientific committee, who<br />
have solicited over 400 presentations, which are organized into 45 theme sessions and 7 workshops. The conference<br />
participants come from over 37 countries and from all continents - except Antarctica (see pages 50f). On September<br />
8 th , the core topics <strong>of</strong> the Fragile Earth conference will be discussed <strong>with</strong> Dr. Wolfgang Heubisch, the Bavarian Minister<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sciences, Research and the Arts, on top <strong>of</strong> Germany’s highest peak, the Zugspitze. You are welcome to join the<br />
event (see page 55).<br />
The necessity to understand geological processes not only on the regional-scale, but also in their global context, and<br />
<strong>with</strong> local-scale focus has become apparent in recent years. The scope and session organization <strong>of</strong> this conference are<br />
designed to accommodate this trend. The three-day meeting reflects the three scales: Monday morning — plenary<br />
session on global processes; Tuesday morning — regional processes, and Wednesday morning — local geological processes.<br />
In the late morning and the afternoon sessions, this order gives way to interdisciplinary sessions that address<br />
science questions across the scales, including two additional plenary sessions on natural catastrophes and geological<br />
resources.<br />
The traditional public lecture (in German) on Monday evening will be given by Celâl Şengör (Istanbul Technical University,<br />
see page 18). His talk features the central topic <strong>of</strong> this meeting — geologic processes <strong>of</strong> the Mediterranean<br />
region in the context <strong>of</strong> the African-Eurasian plate boundary evolution.<br />
As a tribute to Germany’s “2011 Year <strong>of</strong> Science in Health Research,” we are <strong>of</strong>fering a special session on “Geology<br />
and Health“. There are also plenty <strong>of</strong> opportunities for geoeducators, students and teachers, including a symposium in<br />
geoeducation and talks on “safety aspects in teaching field geology” (see page 21).<br />
At the conference dinner on Tuesday evening in Munich’s famous H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus, you will experience Bavarian “Gemütlichkeit.”<br />
During this event, the Geologische Vereinigung, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften and<br />
the German Science Foundation will honor this year’s medalists and the best posters <strong>of</strong> this meeting.<br />
We hope that you find this program attractive and inspiring. We wish you a successful participation in the “Fragile<br />
Earth” international conference, and look forward to welcoming you in Munich.<br />
On behalf <strong>of</strong> the organizing committee<br />
Anke M. Friedrich<br />
LMU Geology<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 13
Message from the Chairman <strong>of</strong> GV<br />
14 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
August 15, 2011<br />
On behalf <strong>of</strong> “Geologische Vereinigung”, I would like to welcome all participants <strong>of</strong> the “Fragile Earth<br />
Conference” to the beautiful city <strong>of</strong> Munich.<br />
Major earthquakes in recent years as well as climate change have led to public awareness that Earth lithosphere<br />
is anything but stable. Furthermore, utilization <strong>of</strong> the subsurface by mankind has become more<br />
and more important, e.g. as production site for energy and mineral resources, as storage site for CO 2 , other<br />
gases, liquids and waste, causing significant environmental concern. Thus the topic <strong>of</strong> our conference<br />
is timely and many aspects <strong>of</strong> the dynamic changes <strong>with</strong>in the lithosphere, along faults, in sedimentary<br />
basins, etc. will be treated in oral and poster presentations. Furthermore, Munich is one <strong>of</strong> the best places<br />
to start field trips into the Alps and visit some <strong>of</strong> the most spectacular outcrops in Europe. As always, this<br />
conference should be a place for intense discussion and hopefully some new ideas will be born and some<br />
new scientific cooperations will start here. I wish all participants an inspiring time and thank Anke Friedrich<br />
and her team for all the pre-conference work.<br />
Ralf Littke<br />
Chairman, Geologische Vereinigung e.V.
Sehr geehrte Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer an der Tagung GeoMunich2011,<br />
ich begrüße Sie herzlich auf der Konferenz GeoMünchen2011- Fragile Earth in der schönen Landeshauptstadt<br />
München. Als Vorsitzender der mitgliederstärksten und ersten deutschen geowissenschaftlichen<br />
Gesellschaft freue ich mich, auf einer unserer Tagungen erstmals auch die Mitglieder der <strong>Geological</strong><br />
<strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong> begrüßen zu können. Wir sind der Organisatorin für die Idee und die Realisierung dieser<br />
gemeinsamen Tagung von DGG, GV und GSA zu großem Dank verpflichtet.<br />
Die DGG wurde 1948 in Berlin gegründet und ist damit die älteste deutsche geologische Gesellschaft. Wir<br />
veranstalten hier unsere 163. Jahrestagung. Auch wenn wir seit einigen Jahren regelmäßig gemeinsame<br />
Tagungen mit Schwestergesellschaften aus Nachbarländern durchführen, so betreten wir mit der Kooperation<br />
mit der GSA doch Neuland und überschreiten nicht nur Länder- sondern auch Kontinentalgrenzen.<br />
Unser gemeinsames Anliegen wird durch das Motto der Tagung „Fragile Earth“ deutlich genug und zeigt,<br />
dass geologische Prozesse die ganze Welt betreffen und dass die Geowissenschaften zur Lösung der globalen<br />
Herausforderungen wichtige Beiträge zu leisten vermögen.<br />
Ich möchte an dieser Stelle auch die Mitglieder unserer Schwestergesellschaft Geologische Vereinigung<br />
begrüßen. Ich finde es ein ermutigendes Zeichen, dass wir zum zweiten Mal in direkter Folge gemeinsam<br />
tagen und wünsche mir, dass sich die hierdurch zum Ausdruck gebrachte gemeinsame Arbeit in den<br />
nächsten Jahren zu einem echten Zusammengehen vertieft.<br />
Ich wünsche Ihnen eine erfolgreiche Tagung, viele inspirierende Diskussionen und Gespräche am Rande.<br />
Dear participants in the conference GeoMunich2011,<br />
I welcome you to the conference GeoMunich2011-Fragile Earth in the beautiful city <strong>of</strong> Munich. As<br />
chairman <strong>of</strong> the largest and oldest German geoscientific society, I also welcome the members <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong>. We are very grateful to the organizers for the idea and the realization <strong>of</strong> this<br />
joint meeting <strong>of</strong> DGG, GV and GSA.<br />
The DGG was founded in Berlin in 1948 and is the oldest German geological society. This year we organize<br />
our 163rd annual meeting. Even though we performed in the last few years regularly joint meetings <strong>with</strong><br />
sister societies in neighboring countries, we enter a new era <strong>with</strong> the cooperation <strong>with</strong> the GSA and exceed<br />
not only country but also continental borders. Our common concern is the motto <strong>of</strong> the conference Fragile<br />
Earth, which shows clearly enough that geologic processes affect the entire world and that the geosciences<br />
are able to contribute to the global challenges, which are common to us all.<br />
I also want to take this opportunity to welcome the members <strong>of</strong> our sister society Geologische Vereinigung.<br />
I think it is an encouraging sign that we meet for the second consecutive year together and hope that our<br />
joint work is deepening in the coming years to become a real merger.<br />
I wish you all a successful meeting, many inspiring discussions and talks on the edge.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Stefan Wohnlich<br />
Vorsitzender/Chairman, DGG<br />
Message from the Chairman <strong>of</strong> DGG<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 15
16 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
August 10, 2011<br />
Greetings to the International Conference, Fragile Earth: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local<br />
Scales, Associated Hazards and Resources. The <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong> is proud and honored to<br />
be a Conference Participant in this truly international geoscience event. Let me extend a warm welcome<br />
to all <strong>of</strong> you, as President <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong>, and also thank Anke Friedrich and her<br />
colleagues for the tremendous effort put into organizing a meeting we hope you will enjoy and benefit<br />
from. We also recognize and thank our partners Geologische Vereinigung e.V. and Deutsche Gesellschaft<br />
für Geowissenschaften and the Conference Hosts - Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Technische<br />
Universitat München, and the Munich GeoCenter.<br />
The Fragile Earth conference represents the ever-growing awareness <strong>of</strong> the importance <strong>of</strong> the geosciences,<br />
at global, regional, and local scales, in addressing societal needs as sustainability issues become more and<br />
more at the forefront. Thank you for participating in the Fragile Earth meeting!<br />
John W. Geissman<br />
President, <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong><br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, University <strong>of</strong> Texas at Dallas<br />
Geissman@utdallas.edu<br />
Message from the President <strong>of</strong> GSA
H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus, Platzl 9, downtown Munich<br />
Festsaal (upstairs, 3rd floor)<br />
18:00 - 23:00<br />
Evening Program<br />
18:00 - 18:30 Admission and welcome drink (one beer or nonalcoholic beverage)<br />
18:45 - 20:00 Awards ceremony accompanied <strong>with</strong> Bavarian chamber music by<br />
“Die Baierbrunner Vielsaitingen”<br />
20:15 Opening <strong>of</strong> conference dinner <strong>with</strong> Bavarian brass music and pig roast<br />
20:15 - 23:00 Conference dinner and “Bavarian Gemütlichkeit”<br />
Awards Ceremony<br />
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (DGG)<br />
• Hans-Stille-Medal Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Werner Buggisch i.R., Erlangen, Germany<br />
• Serge-von-Bubn<strong>of</strong>f-Medal Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Volker Lorenz i.R., Würzburg, Germany<br />
• Leopold-von-Buch-Medal Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Stefan Schmid i.R., Basel, Switzerland<br />
• Abraham-Gottlob-Werner-Medal Dr. Rüdiger Schulz, Hannover, Germany<br />
• Hermann-Credner-Scholarship Dr. Gösta H<strong>of</strong>fmann, Muscat, Oman<br />
Geologische Vereinigung (GV)<br />
• Gustav-Steinmann-Medal Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Daniel Bernoulli, Basel, Switzerland<br />
• Hans-Cloos-Award Dr. Michael Strasser, Bremen, Germany<br />
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)<br />
• Bernd-Rendel-Award Dipl.-Geophys. Katrin Kieling, Potsdam, Germany<br />
Dipl.-Geol. Daniel Herwarte, Bonn, Germany<br />
Dipl.-Geogr. Max Engel, Köln, Germany<br />
Dipl.-Geol. Juliane Brust, Rostock, Germany<br />
Best Poster Awards (GV & DGG)<br />
Conference Dinner and Awards Ceremony<br />
How to get to the Marienplatz from the meeting venue (LMU Main Building):<br />
Take the U-Bahn from “Universität” in the direction <strong>of</strong> “Klinikum Großhadern” (U6) or “Fürstenried West” (U3). Get <strong>of</strong>f the<br />
train at “Marienplatz”. The exits “Viktualienmarkt/Tal“ and “Burgstraße” are closest to the H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus.<br />
Frauenplatz<br />
Frauenkirche<br />
Frauenplatz<br />
Kau�ngerstraße<br />
Rosenstraße<br />
Rindermarkt<br />
U<br />
U<br />
Weinstraße<br />
Odeonsplatz Nationaltheater<br />
U<br />
Neues Rathaus<br />
Marienplatz<br />
U<br />
Rindermarkt<br />
Landschaftstraße<br />
U<br />
0 m 100 m<br />
U<br />
U<br />
Dienerstraße<br />
U<br />
exit<br />
“Burgstraße”<br />
Burgstraße<br />
St. Peter Heilig-Geist-<br />
Kirche<br />
Viktualien-<br />
markt<br />
Tal<br />
Schrammerstraße<br />
Altenh<strong>of</strong>straße<br />
Sparkassenstraße<br />
Maderbräustraße<br />
Sparkassenstraße<br />
Ledererstraße<br />
Tal<br />
N<br />
P�sterstraße<br />
H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus<br />
front entrance<br />
Münzstraße<br />
Orlandostraße H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 17<br />
Platzl<br />
Falkenturmstraße<br />
Bräuhausstraße<br />
Hochbrückenstraße<br />
Isartor<br />
Maximilianstraße<br />
Platzl<br />
Neuturmstraße<br />
Am Kosttor<br />
Marienstraße
Public Evening Lecture<br />
Alte Wege zu neuen Erkenntnissen in der Erforschung unserer Gebirge<br />
Montag, 5� September 2011 Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. A. M. Celâl Şengör<br />
20:00-21:00, E120 (Große Aula) Technische Universität Istanbul, Türkei<br />
“Ein herrliches<br />
Hochgebirge,<br />
die Alpen, schmückt<br />
die Mitte unseres<br />
Welttheils”<br />
Eduard Suess<br />
Die Entstehung der Alpen, 1875<br />
Die stolzesten Gebirge unserer Erde sind Kinder der Meere<br />
und zwar nicht seichter Meere, sondern tiefer Ozeane. Manche<br />
Ozeane, die Gebirge geboren haben, sind zum Teil noch<br />
erhalten, wie z.B. der pazifische Ozean, entlang dessen Saumes<br />
große Gebirge, wie die Kordilleren der beiden Amerikas und<br />
die Inselkränze von Ostasien, durch die Abführung des ozeanischen<br />
Bodens entstanden sind und sich weiter entwickeln.<br />
Der pazifische Ozean schmälert sich und wird eines Tages ganz<br />
verschwinden, wie es der Mutterozean des Alpen-Himalajagebirges<br />
weitgehend schon vollbracht hat.<br />
Der Geologe von heute besitzt die raffiniertesten Methoden<br />
um die Geschwindigkeit der sich bewegenden Kontinente<br />
und Teile der Kontinente bis auf Millimetergröße zu<br />
messen, um die Untergrundstrukturen in erstaunlichem Detail<br />
zu durchleuchten, das Alter der sich bewegenden Gesteinsmassen<br />
immer präziser zu etablieren. Von den kleinsten<br />
chemischen Differenzen zwischen Gesteinsmassen können wir<br />
ihr Entstehunsmilieu samt der Klimate der vergangenen Zeiten<br />
ableiten. Wir können sogar die Veränderungen des Wärmeflusses,<br />
der von der Sonne unsere Atmosphäre erreicht, berechnen,<br />
ja auch voraussagen. Das alles gleicht aber der Kuchenglasur:<br />
Den Kuchen selbst „bäckt” der Geologe immer noch selbst mit<br />
seinem Hammer, Kompass und seiner topographischen Karte,<br />
bzw. dem Satellitenbild. Keine der obengenannten Methoden<br />
sind in der Lage, uns die Geometrie der Gesteinsmassen zu<br />
vermitteln. Die Gebirge stehen vor uns als etwas Gewordenes<br />
und um deren Entstehungsetappen erfassen zu können, müssen<br />
wir die zeitliche Entwicklung der Geometrie der Gesteinsmassen<br />
rekonstruieren können.<br />
Mein Ziel heute Abend ist es, Ihnen eine neue Geschichte eines<br />
verschwundenen Ozeans zu erzählen, der, als er allmählich<br />
verschwand, nicht nur Gebirge, sondern auch ozeanische<br />
Abkömmlinge geschaffen hatte, die wiederum andere Gebirge,<br />
sozusagen Enkel des verschwundenen alten Ozeans, geboren<br />
haben. Ich möchte Ihnen vorlegen, wie wir mit den alten und<br />
ehrwürdigen Methoden der Feldgeologie sogar die Geometrie<br />
dieser alten Meeresräume nachvollziehen können.<br />
18 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Bei dieser Arbeit werden wir auch etwas ganz unerwartetes und<br />
wahrlich erstaunliches entdecken: Den “Großmutter Ozean”,<br />
die sog. Paläo-, d.h. „alte”, Tethys, verwandelte sich, zur Zeit<br />
der spätesten Perm-Periode (vor ca. 250 Millionen Jahren), in<br />
ein Giftbecken, das die meisten seiner Insassen tötete.<br />
Damals waren die Tiefen und die umliegenden Länder der Paläo-<br />
Tethys die üppigsten Wohnräume unseres Planeten. Die Paläo-<br />
Tethys vergiftete nicht nur seine Gewässer, sondern auch die<br />
auf ihm liegende Atmosphäre. Viele der Bewohner der vorher<br />
idyllischen Küstengebiete starben deshalb auch aus. Ein Ring<br />
des Todes umgab die Paläo-Tethys. Die ganze terrestrische<br />
Biosphäre wurde dadurch stark verarmt und besiegelte das<br />
Ende der Paläozoischen Ära, d.h. der Zeit des alten Lebens. Ein<br />
Massenaussterben war die Folge. Die Trilobiten verschwanden<br />
ganz, die Armfüßlerbevölkerung wurde stark reduziert und<br />
konnte sich nie wieder ganz erholen; die meisten ihrer Lebensplätze<br />
wurden von den Zweischalern übernommen. Die<br />
Kopffüßler verschwanden fast ganz, kamen aber zurück mit<br />
erneuter Kraft, um die Meere der mesozoischen Zeit (Mittleres<br />
Erdzeitalter) zu dominieren.<br />
Auch der Metallreichtum der alten Kupfergebirge von der<br />
Nordtürkei, über Kaukasien und die Gebirge von Paropamisus<br />
bis nach dem Pamir scheint ein Ergebnis der veränderten<br />
chemischen Zusammensetzung der Gewässer der Paläotethys<br />
zu sein. Man lernt vieles über das Verhalten des Planeten und<br />
wie eng das Schicksal seine Bevölkerung mit den Verwandlungen<br />
seiner Oberfläche zusammenhängt, wenn man lernt,<br />
die in die Gesteine gemeißelte Geschichte zu lesen. Die neue<br />
Technologie verfeinert unsere Beobachtungen, ersetzt sie aber<br />
nie die landläufige Stratigraphie, Strukturgeologie und Paläontologie,<br />
die man auf den Gebirgen wandernd mit Hammer<br />
und Kompass treibt. Heutzutage haben wir uns zu viel in unseren<br />
Laboratorien und Rechnern eingeschlossen und deshalb<br />
allein den uns umgebenden Menschen zum Mittelpunkt unserer<br />
Überlegungen gemacht, ohne seines Wohnhauses, der<br />
Erde, auch zu gedenken.
Plenary Speakers<br />
Invited Speakers<br />
Name Title Session<br />
Thorsten Becker On the Role <strong>of</strong> Upper Mantle Flow in the Alpine-Himalayan Collision 17-3<br />
John Dewey Geo-Education in Our Universities: A Global Comparison and Some Looking Problems 23-1<br />
Michael Gurnis The Dynamics <strong>of</strong> Plate Tectonics and Mantle Flow: From Local to Global Scales 1-3<br />
Brian Kennett Mapping the Mantle <strong>with</strong> Seismic Tomography 1-2<br />
John MacAdam Putting Flesh on the Stones - Bringing Earth Science to Life for the Public 23-5<br />
Jörg Matschullat Geosciences and Human Health 32-1<br />
Patrick McKeever The Global Geoparks Network: Celebrating Earth Heritage, Sustaining Local Communities 23-2<br />
Meghan Miller Geodynamic Interactions Between the Lithosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere and Hydrosphere,<br />
as Revealed by Modern Space Geodesy<br />
3-10<br />
Dietmar Müller The Evolution <strong>of</strong> the Solid Earth over the Past 200 Million Years: Constraints from Mantle<br />
Structure, Plate Tectonic History, and Surface Geology<br />
1-1<br />
Jürgen Neuberg Multidisciplinary Volcano Monitoring <strong>Programs</strong> and Their Use in Risk Assessment 34-1<br />
Catherine Skinner Connecting the Silent Hazards in the Geoenvironment: Geochemistry and Biochemistry 32-2<br />
Anselm Smolka Risk Management <strong>of</strong> Natural Perils: The View <strong>of</strong> a Reinsurer 22-8<br />
Wim Spakman A Tomographic View on Subduction Dynamics <strong>of</strong> the Mediterranean-Tethyan Realm 17-2<br />
Seth Stein Bad Maps or Bad Luck: Why Earthquake Hazard Maps Often Fail and What to Do about It 3-4<br />
Jochen Zschau Meeting the Challenges <strong>of</strong> Earthquake Risk Dynamics and - Globalisation 3-2<br />
Medal Lecturers<br />
Name Title Session<br />
Michael Strasser Megasplay Fault and Submarine Landslide History in The Nankai Trough, SW Japan 35-1<br />
Stefan Schmid Architecture and Evolution <strong>of</strong> the Alpine-Mediterranean Collision Zone 17-1<br />
Gösta H<strong>of</strong>fmann Evidence for the 27th November 1945 Makran Tsunami along the Shoreline <strong>of</strong> Oman 22-1<br />
Invited Speakers<br />
Name Title Session<br />
Kurvet Atakan On the Slip Distribution <strong>of</strong> the Tohoku Earthquake <strong>of</strong> March 11, 2011, Japan 35-3<br />
Ge<strong>of</strong>frey Blewitt A Prototype System for Tsunami Early Warning Based on Real-Time Gps 3-9<br />
John Dewey Transtension in the Brittle Field: The Eastern California Shear Zone 14-8<br />
Claudio Faccenna Subduction and Mantle Dynamics in the Mediterranean 19-1<br />
Claudio Faccenna Subduction-Triggered Magmatic Pulse 36-11<br />
Kevin Furlong The Canterbury, New Zealand Earthquake Sequence: Lessons from a Year <strong>of</strong> Earthquakes 3-5<br />
Laurel Goodell Preparing Graduate Students to Be Effective Teachers 39-2<br />
S<strong>of</strong>ie Gradmann Influence <strong>of</strong> Current Mantle Structures on the Topography <strong>of</strong> the Scandes 36-5<br />
Ritske Huismans Depthdependent Extension, Two-Stage Breakup and Cratonic Underplating at Rifted<br />
Margins<br />
38-1<br />
Peter Japsen Elevated, Passive Continental Margins: Not Rift Shoulders but Expressions <strong>of</strong> Episodic,<br />
Post-Rift Burial and Exhumation Driven by Changes in Plate Motion and/or Mantle Flow<br />
2-6<br />
Eduard Kissling Alpine Collision Tectonics and Their Driving Forces 19-3<br />
Heidrun Kopp Subduction System Structure and Forearc Morphology: Control on Seismogenic Rupture 18-1<br />
Michael Krautblatter Magnitude and Frequency <strong>of</strong> Rockfalls in the Late Holocene – Implications for Hazard and<br />
Risk<br />
22-6<br />
Michael Krautblatter Why Thawing Permafrost Rocks Can Become Unstable 22-8<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 19
Cheryl Manning Ensuring Science Literacy: Integration <strong>of</strong> the Geosciences in Secondary Education 23-3<br />
Timothy Melbourne Great Cascadia Earthquakes in the Context <strong>of</strong> Episodic Tremor and Slip (ETS) 35-9<br />
Daniel Melnick Deformation Associated <strong>with</strong> the Mw 8.8 2010 Maule, Chile Earthquake 35-10<br />
Junichi Mori The Great 2011 Tohoku, Japan Earthquake (Mw 9.0): An Unexpected Event 35-2<br />
Boris Natalin Permian-Triassic Transcontinental Shear Zones in Northern Asia and Eastern Europe 14-1<br />
Emile Okal Eleven Tsunamis from Sumatra to Tohoku: Have We Become Wiser? 3-7<br />
Emile Okal Extra Curricular Geophysics: Or When Instruments Pick Up What They Were Not Designed<br />
to Record<br />
Koji Okumura What We Learned from the 2011 Megathrust Earthquake (M9.0) Along the Japan Trench:<br />
Paleoseismological Perspectives<br />
Paolo Papale Towards a Globally Consistent Dynamic Picture <strong>of</strong> Pre-Eruption Volcano Dynamics 34-3<br />
Anne Paul New S-Wave Velocity Model and Anisotropy Measurements for the Upper Mantle Beneath<br />
the Aegean and Anatolia: Images <strong>of</strong> a Very Complex Subduction System<br />
19-8<br />
Ulrich von Rad Annual to Millennial Monsoonal Variability During the Past 75,000 Years Recorded in<br />
Arabian Sea Sediments: a Review<br />
24-12<br />
Robert Reilinger Slowing <strong>of</strong> Africa-Eurasia Convergence Provides a Unifying, Dynamic Mechanism for<br />
Mediterranean/Middle East Tectonics<br />
19-11<br />
Leigh Royden Subduction Zone Dynamics in the Mediterranean: Theory and Observations 19-7<br />
David Rowley Mantle Dynamic Impact on Passive Margin Evolution: Implications for Their Architecture<br />
and Derived Sea Level Histories<br />
2-11<br />
Jeffrey Rubin Field Geology and Safety Are Not Mutually Exclusive 39-3<br />
Jeffrey Rubin Hazard Communication Requires Knowing “Who” as well as “How” 3-6<br />
Michael Sarnthein Peak Glacial C-14 Ventilation Ages Suggest Major Draw-Down <strong>of</strong> Carbon into the Abyssal<br />
Ocean<br />
24-11<br />
Magdalena Scheck-<br />
Wenderoth<br />
Deep Control on Shallow Heat in the Central European Basin System 38-2<br />
Wolfgang Schlager How Deep Were the Hallstatt Basins <strong>of</strong> the Northern Calcareous Alps? 24-8<br />
Celâl Şengör Broad Shear Zones and Narrow Strike-Slip Faults in Orogens and Their Role in Forming the<br />
Orogenic Architecture: The North Anatolian Fault as an Active Example<br />
14-2<br />
Judith Sippel Lithosphere-Scale Models <strong>of</strong> the 3D Conductive Thermal Field - Predictions and Limitations<br />
in the Beaufort-Mac Kenzie Basin (Arctic Canada)<br />
38-3<br />
Eleonore Stutzmann Understanding Seismic Heterogeneities in the Lower Mantle Beneath Western Pacific from<br />
Seismic Tomography and Tectonic Plate History<br />
36-10<br />
Friedrich-Wilhelm<br />
Wellmer<br />
Sustainable Development and the Exploitation <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources 21-1<br />
Brian Wernicke The Ancient Calfornia and Arizona Rivers and Implications for the Uplift and Erosion<br />
History <strong>of</strong> the Southwestern US<br />
36-2<br />
Paul Wessel The Hawaii-Emperor Bend: Plate Motion, Plume Motion, or Both? 36-1<br />
digging deeper into<br />
your data by means <strong>of</strong><br />
artificial intelligence<br />
20 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Where do karst<br />
sinkholes form?<br />
Where are coal<br />
seams burning?<br />
Where do<br />
landslides occur?<br />
Where do<br />
rockfalls occur?<br />
Which areas are<br />
prone to flooding?<br />
advangeo® is a product <strong>of</strong> Beak Consultants GmbH, Freiberg, Germany<br />
www.beak.de | www.advangeo.com<br />
35-8<br />
35-6
Educator and Student Events<br />
Educators in the Munich area, graduate students, and visitors to our region may find a number <strong>of</strong> events to be <strong>of</strong><br />
interest, including those below:<br />
Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>,<br />
Education in Earth Sciences and<br />
Geoheritage I + II<br />
Session 23 & 39:<br />
Tue, Sept 6, 2011; 11:00-16:45;<br />
LMU München: A119<br />
Wed, Sept 7, 2011; 11:00-17:00;<br />
LMU München: A 014.<br />
Session 43:<br />
Wed, Sept 7, 2011; 8:30-18:00;<br />
LMU München: Poster Hall P3<br />
Convenors: Wolfgang Eder, Wesley Hill,<br />
Laurel P. Goodell, and Anke Friedrich.<br />
Geowissenschaftliche<br />
& Öffentlichkeitsarbeit<br />
in der Praxis<br />
Mon, Sept 5, 2011<br />
Leitung: Lutz Geiβler<br />
(info@geonetzwerk.org)<br />
& Monika Huch<br />
(mfgeo@t-online.de);<br />
Kosten: 0 € bei Anmeldung<br />
Fragile Earth-Konferenz;<br />
max. 70 Teilnehmer; in<br />
Deutsch und Englisch.<br />
Graduate Student Workshop<br />
Teaching, Field Safety and Balancing Life & Work<br />
Sponsored by the GSA International Section –<br />
Sun, Sept 4, 2011, 09:30-16:00<br />
RiWa 110, LMU Geology, Luisenstr. 37<br />
Particular emphasis: Teaching Geology for<br />
Graduate Students & Safety and Teaching in the Field.<br />
Convenors: Laurel P. Goodell and Jeffrey N. Rubin.<br />
Für Lehrer –<br />
Klima und Mehr<br />
Mon, Sept 5, 2011<br />
Leitung: Ingrid Hemmer,<br />
Rainer Lehmann &<br />
Monika Huch<br />
(mfgeo@t-online.de);<br />
Kosten: 0 € bei Anmeldung<br />
zu Fragile Earth-Konferenz,<br />
Tarif für Lehrer<br />
Tageskarte zu 60 € ohne<br />
Dinner; max. 70 Teilnehmer;<br />
in Deutsch.<br />
Studium und was dann? Berufseinstieg – Perspektiven - Strategien<br />
Montag, 5. September 2011<br />
16:30 - 18:00 LMU München, Hauptgebäude, A119<br />
Impulsvortrag:<br />
Klaus Bücherl, Geschäftsführer tewag Technologie -<br />
Erdwärmeanlagen - Umweltschutz GmbH, Regensburg<br />
Podiumsdiskussion:<br />
Klaus Bücherl, Geschäftsführer tewag Technologie -<br />
Erdwärmeanlagen - Umweltschutz GmbH, Regensburg<br />
Dr. Horst Häussinger, Bayerisches Staatsministerium<br />
für Umwelt und Gesundheit, München<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Helmut Heinisch, Institut für Geowissenschaften,<br />
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle<br />
Ralph Treiber, Bereich Industrie und Wirtschaft, München<br />
Moderation:<br />
Dr. Ulrike Mattig,<br />
Referatsleiterin Außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen, überregionale<br />
Forschungsförderung, Hessisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst, Wiesbaden<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 21
Workshops are held in the LMU Geology institute (Luisenstr.<br />
37, Munich), unless otherwise indicated.<br />
W1: Free S<strong>of</strong>tware for Plate Reconstructions, Geodata<br />
Analysis and Map Making<br />
Thursday, September 8, 9:00 - 17:00 (GPlates and QGIS)<br />
Friday, September 9, 9:00 - 17:00 (GMT)<br />
Conveners: Christian Heine, Dietmar Müller, Paul Wessel<br />
Language: English<br />
90 €, includes morning/afternoon c<strong>of</strong>fee breaks/refreshments,<br />
in-house lunch; maximum 25 participants.<br />
The workshop will focus on the complimentary open source<br />
geospatial s<strong>of</strong>tware tools GPlates, QGIS and the Generic Mapping<br />
Tools (GMT, version 5) for plate tectonic modeling, geospatial<br />
data manipulation and map-making.<br />
Participants will learn:<br />
[Day 1] To visualize and manipulate geospatial data in QGIS<br />
and GPlates.<br />
[Day 1] Prepare data for ingestion in time-dependent plate<br />
tectonic models.<br />
[Day 1] Generate plate tectonic reconstructions through time<br />
and visualize them.<br />
[Day 2] Learn to use the powerful command-line programs<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Generic Mapping tools version 5 (GMT5) via<br />
shell scripting.<br />
[Day 2] Manipulate geographic and Cartesian data using<br />
GMT5 and explore the improved integration <strong>of</strong><br />
GMT5 <strong>with</strong> Google Earth and GIS packages.<br />
[Day 2] Generate publication-ready, high-quality maps and<br />
images.<br />
Quantum GIS (QGIS) is a user friendly Open Source Geographic<br />
Information System (GIS) licensed under the GNU<br />
General Public License. QGIS is an <strong>of</strong>ficial project <strong>of</strong> the Open<br />
Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo). It runs on Linux,<br />
Unix, Mac OSX, and Windows and supports numerous vector,<br />
raster, and database formats and functionalities. The course<br />
will cover the basic functions for loading and manipulating<br />
geospatial data in QGIS.<br />
GPlates is a free desktop s<strong>of</strong>tware running on Windows, Linux<br />
and MacOS X. It enables the interactive manipulation <strong>of</strong> platetectonic<br />
reconstructions and the visualization <strong>of</strong> geodata<br />
through geological time. Users can build regional or global<br />
plate models, import their own data and digitize features.<br />
Raster files images in a variety <strong>of</strong> formats can be loaded, assigned<br />
to tectonic plates, age-coded and reconstructed through<br />
geological time. The s<strong>of</strong>tware also allows the export <strong>of</strong> image<br />
sequences for animations or for publication-quality figure generation<br />
as vector graphics files. Plates and plate boundaries<br />
through time can be visualized over mantle<br />
tomography image stacks.<br />
GPlates is also designed to enable the linking <strong>of</strong> plate tectonic<br />
models <strong>with</strong> mantle convection models. The s<strong>of</strong>tware allows<br />
the construction <strong>of</strong> time-dependent plate boundary topologies<br />
as well as exporting plate polygons and velocity time-sequences.<br />
Mantle convection model output images can be imported<br />
and animated <strong>with</strong> plate tectonic reconstructions overlain. The<br />
course will cover most functions available in GPlates.<br />
The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) is an open-source s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
running on Windows, Linux and MacOS X. GMT has<br />
been called the Swiss army knife <strong>of</strong> mapping and consists <strong>of</strong><br />
Workshops<br />
22 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
~75 command-line programs for manipulating geographic and<br />
Cartesian data sets (including filtering, trend fitting,<br />
gridding, imaging, projecting, etc.) and producing PostScript,<br />
raster image, or KML illustrations ranging from simple x-y<br />
plots via contour maps to artificially illuminated surfaces and<br />
3-D perspective views. GMT supports ~30 map projections<br />
and transformations and comes <strong>with</strong> support data such as<br />
GSHHS coastlines, rivers, and political boundaries. The course<br />
will cover an introduction to GMT <strong>with</strong> emphasis on writing<br />
bash scripts and exploring new features in GMT5 aimed to improve<br />
integration <strong>with</strong> GIS packages and Google Earth.<br />
Participants requirements: Each participant must bring her/his<br />
own laptop <strong>with</strong> the s<strong>of</strong>tware pre-installed as outlined below.<br />
The GPlates course requires participants to have the tutorial<br />
downloaded (see below).<br />
Pre-requisites: All participants are required to install the s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
before the workshop as outlined on the corresponding<br />
websites listed below. See the links below for information on<br />
OS requirements and what to install prior to the workshop.<br />
Participants are required to download the tutorial documents<br />
for GPlates before the workshop as outlined on the GPlates tutorial<br />
websites listed below. GMT course participants are required<br />
to have basic understanding <strong>of</strong> shell scripting and use <strong>of</strong><br />
the command line.<br />
GMT instructions and OS requirements: gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/<br />
gsaworkshop/<br />
QGIS instructions: www.qgis.org/wiki/Download<br />
GPlates instructions: www.gplates.org/download.html<br />
GPlates tutorials: sites.google.com/site/gplatestutorials<br />
W2: Geodetic Methods in Geology (GPS, InSAR, Lidar, 3D<br />
Laser scanner, Altimetry)<br />
Thursday, September 8 and Friday, September 9, 8:30 - 17:00<br />
Saturday, September 10, 8:30 - 13:00 (afternoon: optional demo<br />
<strong>of</strong> 3D Laser scanner, differential GPS equipment and other digital<br />
surveying)<br />
Conveners: Amir Abolghasem, Detlef Angermann,<br />
Ge<strong>of</strong>f Blewitt, Urs Hugentobler, Mahdi Motagh<br />
Language: English<br />
95 € (c<strong>of</strong>fee breaks and lunch are included); maximum 20 participants.<br />
The availability <strong>of</strong> high-quality space-geodetic measurements<br />
have revolutionized our understanding <strong>of</strong> quantitative active<br />
tectonic processes, such as translation and rotation <strong>of</strong> tectonic<br />
plates, slow earthquakes, strain accumulation, co- and postseismic<br />
displacement fields. Tsunami warning systems are<br />
based on modern geodetic techniques. High-frequency Global<br />
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations can now be<br />
used to monitor seismic waves and co-seismic ruptures <strong>of</strong> large<br />
earthquakes. In this workshop we discuss two types <strong>of</strong> geodetic<br />
data and discuss the applications.<br />
Part I (by Mahdi Motagh, GFZ Potsdam) focuses on the applications<br />
<strong>of</strong> Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)<br />
in studying surface deformation. An introduction to InSAR is<br />
followed by practicing to process a data set <strong>with</strong> the DORIS<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware developed at the Technical University <strong>of</strong> Delft.<br />
Part II (by Ge<strong>of</strong>f Blewitt, UNR, Nevada, USA) covers the geologic<br />
applications <strong>of</strong> satellite positioning. Topics include GPS<br />
fieldwork, data collection, velocity fields, and strain rate analyses.<br />
Block models <strong>of</strong> rotation and translation, geologic con-
straints and space-time scaling factors. High-rate GPS and applications<br />
to seismology will conclude this part.<br />
Part III (Urs Hugentobler, TU Munich, Germany; Detlef<br />
Angermann, DGFI, Munich) covers specific issues <strong>of</strong> GNSS<br />
such as reference frames, effects <strong>of</strong> antennas, IGS (International<br />
GNSS Service) products, the European positioning system<br />
Galileo, etc.<br />
Part IV (by Amir Abolghasem, LMU Munich, Germany)<br />
provides a hands-on overview <strong>of</strong> the use <strong>of</strong> differential GPS<br />
measurements <strong>with</strong> GPS instruments owned by the LMU Munich.<br />
Demonstration includes a real-time survey, procedures in<br />
data collection, data reduction, sources <strong>of</strong> measurement errors<br />
and other difficulties and pit falls.<br />
Participants requirements: Each participant must bring her/his<br />
own laptop <strong>with</strong> the s<strong>of</strong>tware pre-installed as outlined below.<br />
Course participants are required to have a basic understanding<br />
<strong>of</strong> shell scripting and use <strong>of</strong> the command line.<br />
Pre-requisites: All participants are required to install the s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
before the workshop as outlined on the corresponding<br />
websites listed below. See the links below for information on<br />
OS requirements and what to install prior to the workshop.<br />
This workshop is targeted to geoscientists, MSc or higher levels.<br />
A basic understanding <strong>of</strong> surface deformation processes is<br />
helpful.<br />
GNSS: All participants need to read an introductory text in<br />
advance. Each participant will be assigned one extra paper.<br />
Workshop discussions will be based on the reading material.<br />
The material will be distributed to registered participants after<br />
the registration deadline on June 15.<br />
InSAR: DORIS instructions and OS requirements: upload the<br />
free s<strong>of</strong>tware DORIS<br />
GMT instructions and OS requirements:<br />
http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/gsaworkshop<br />
Extras: Course material will be online before the conference.<br />
W3: Neotectonics, Tectonic Geomorphology and<br />
Paleoseismology <strong>of</strong> Tectonically Active Regions<br />
Wednesday, August 31 to Sunday, September 3, 9:00-17:00,<br />
<strong>with</strong> field trip on September 2-3<br />
Conveners: Manfred Strecker, Eric Kirby, Kurt Decker,<br />
Daniel Melnick, Taylor Schildgen, Anke Friedrich<br />
Language: English<br />
Costs: 260 €<br />
Included: c<strong>of</strong>fee breaks, lunch and printed matter; costs relating<br />
to two day (one night) field trip to the Vienna Basin (transportation,<br />
hotel near Vienna, Austria).<br />
Not Included: participants should bring rubber boots or hiking<br />
boots for the field trip to the Vienna basin.<br />
Maximum 20 participants.<br />
Prerequisite: Basic knowledge on the level <strong>of</strong> PhD and advanced<br />
MSc students in Geosciences: structural geology, sedimentology,<br />
tectonics, geochronology.<br />
This course is designed to provide a survey <strong>of</strong> the rapidly advancing<br />
fields <strong>of</strong> neotectonics, tectonic geomorphology and<br />
paleoseismology. Examples <strong>of</strong> earthquake recurrence over time<br />
scales <strong>of</strong> hundreds to thousands <strong>of</strong> years from high-slip environments<br />
such as the Nazca-South <strong>America</strong>n Plate subduction<br />
zone will be contrasted <strong>with</strong> slow active faults from continental<br />
interiors, such as central Europe. In addition, techniques <strong>of</strong> assessing<br />
recent crustal movements and past activity along faults<br />
<strong>with</strong> different or changing deformation styles will be presented.<br />
The course comprises 2 days <strong>of</strong> lectures and exercises.<br />
The lectures are accompanied by interpretation <strong>of</strong> aerial photography,<br />
satellite imagery and topographic data. Computer<br />
methods in tectonic geomorphology will be introduced, and<br />
hands-on materials from well-studied trenching sites will be<br />
provided. Subsequent to the lectures there will be a one-day<br />
field trip to seismically active regions in the Vienna Basin. Depending<br />
on availability, potential trenching sites will be evaluated<br />
using geomorphic, pedogenic, and geophysical information,<br />
and a trench site will be visited and analyzed.<br />
W4: Analysis <strong>of</strong> Micr<strong>of</strong>abrics in Metamorphic and<br />
Magmatic Rocks as a Tool for Understanding Deformation<br />
Processes on Various Scales<br />
Thursday, September 8 and Friday, September 9; 9:00-16:00<br />
Conveners: Claudia Trepmann; Jörn Kruhl<br />
Language: English<br />
25 €; included: morning c<strong>of</strong>fee break and printed matter.<br />
Maximum 15 participants.<br />
Micr<strong>of</strong>abrics in metamorphic and magmatic rocks are a key to<br />
understand grain scale processes at depth in the Earth’s lithosphere,<br />
which are not accessible by any other technique to date.<br />
Micr<strong>of</strong>abrics are the link to the rheological behaviour <strong>of</strong> rocks<br />
and thus to larger scale geodynamic processes.<br />
During this workshop we will discuss :<br />
• geoscientific problems, where micr<strong>of</strong>abrics can provide crucial<br />
information<br />
• micr<strong>of</strong>abric development in metamorphic and magmatic<br />
rocks<br />
• benefit <strong>of</strong> state-<strong>of</strong>-the-art analytical techniques<br />
We will discuss on the basis <strong>of</strong> short lectures, short presentations<br />
<strong>of</strong> participants and by microscopy <strong>of</strong> thin sections. The<br />
participants are invited to bring thin sections and/or bring<br />
short presentations/posters on micr<strong>of</strong>abric-related problems,<br />
which we will discuss during the workshop.<br />
Pre-requisites: Basic knowledge on the level <strong>of</strong> Ph.D. and advanced<br />
M.Sc. students in Geosciences: microscopy, structural<br />
geology, metamorphic and magmatic petrology, rock physics,<br />
crystallography.<br />
W5: Public Outreach: The Best Way to Transfer Geoscientific<br />
Knowledge to the Public<br />
Monday, September 5, 11:00 – 12:40.<br />
Location: LMU Munich, Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-<br />
Platz 1, first floor (left side) Room A 119<br />
Conveners: Lutz Geißler, Monika Huch<br />
Languages: German and English<br />
0 € (registering for GeoMunich2011 conference is required).<br />
Maximum 70 participants.<br />
Contact: Lutz Geißler, info@geonetzwerk.org<br />
Monika Huch, mfgeo@t-online.de<br />
As a follow-up <strong>of</strong> the workshop at the GeoDarmstadt2010,<br />
where we learned about manifold experiences in geoscientific<br />
public work in the field, this time we intent to focus on the elaboration<br />
<strong>of</strong> a white paper helping to find the best way <strong>of</strong> practicing<br />
a target group-related transfer <strong>of</strong> geoscientific knowledge to<br />
the interested public.<br />
The workshop addresses to all <strong>of</strong> those who work in geoscientific<br />
public affairs and invites them to bring their experience to<br />
this workshop. After a brief introductory talk, given by Roland<br />
Eichhorn <strong>of</strong> the Bavarian Environmental Agency, the participants<br />
will be encouraged to break into small groups to produce<br />
the draft <strong>of</strong> a white paper. The aim is to produce practi-<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 23
cal guidelines for geoscience communication, not only via the<br />
common ways but also by incorporating new media and new<br />
ways <strong>of</strong> knowledge transfer.<br />
W6: Workshop für Lehrer — Klima und Mehr<br />
Monday, September 5, 14:00<br />
Ort: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hauptgebäude,<br />
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 1. Stock (links), Raum A 119.<br />
Leitung: Ingrid Hemmer, Rainer Lehmann, Monika Huch<br />
Sprache: Deutsch<br />
0 € (Der Workshop ist Teil der Session T6 Geoeducation. Die<br />
Teilnahme am Workshop setzt eine Anmeldung zur Tagung<br />
und Entrichtung der Tagungsgebühr voraus). Der Workshop<br />
kann als Fortbildungsveranstaltung anerkannt werden.<br />
Maximal 70 Teilnehmer.<br />
Anhand von drei Übersichtsvorträgen zu verschiedenen Aspekten<br />
des Themas „Klima und Mehr“ erhalten interessierte<br />
Lehrerinnen und Lehrer aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse direkt<br />
von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern. Anschließend<br />
besteht die Möglichkeit, mit den Wissenschaftlern zu ihrem<br />
Thema zu diskutieren.<br />
Thema 1, vor allem für Lehrer der Geographie, Physik, Chemie<br />
und Sozialkunde: Birger-G. Lühr, im Deutschen GeoForschungsZentrum<br />
Potsdam zuständig für Erdbebenrisiken und<br />
Frühwarnung, wird an aktuellen Beispielen den Zusammenhang<br />
von Erdbeben und Vulkanen erläutern.<br />
Thema 2, vor allem für Lehrer der Biologie, Chemie, Physik<br />
und Geographie: Ulrike Holzwarth vom Zentrum für Marine<br />
Umweltwissenschaften MARUM in Bremen wird an<br />
aktuellen Beispielen die Funktion des Meeresbodens als Klimaarchiv<br />
vorstellen.<br />
Thema 3, vor allem für Lehrer der Biologie, Physik, Chemie,<br />
Geographie und Sozialkunde: Michael Krautblatter vom Institut<br />
für Geographie, Geomorphologie und Umweltuntersuchungen<br />
der Universität Bonn wird an aktuellen Beispielen aus<br />
den Alpen zeigen, welche Risiken bei steigenden Temperaturen<br />
durch tauenden Permafrost zu erwarten sind.<br />
Die Initiatoren des Workshops, Rainer Lehmann (Freie Waldorfschule<br />
Hannover), Monika Huch (Adelheidsdorf) und<br />
Ingrid Hemmer (Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt),<br />
möchten mit diesem Angebot interessierten Lehrern die Gelegenheit<br />
geben, mit Wissenschaftlern direkt in Kontakt zu<br />
kommen. Aus diesen Kontakten kann sich ein Netzwerk entwickeln,<br />
das Lehrer und Wissenschaftler verbindet. Das Ziel<br />
eines solchen Netzwerkes ist eine bessere Verankerung von<br />
geowissenschaftlichen Themen im Geographie- und naturwissenschaftlichen<br />
Unterricht aller Jahrgangsstufen.<br />
Der Workshop ist Teil der Session T6 Geoeducation. Die Teilnahme<br />
am Workshop setzt eine Anmeldung zur Tagung und<br />
Entrichtung der Tagungsgebühr voraus. Für Lehrer ist die Tagungsgebühr<br />
wie folgt festgesetzt: 130 Euro, bzw. 95 Euro für<br />
Mitglieder der beteiligten Geogesellschaften. Der Erwerb einer<br />
Tageskarte - für Lehrer zu 60 Euro nur für diesen Termin - ist<br />
ebenfalls möglich. Über diesen Workshop wird dann von den<br />
Leitern des Workshops in der Session T6-A berichtet.<br />
24 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
W7: Graduate Student Forum: Preparing Graduate Students<br />
to be Effective Teachers in the Classroom, Laboratory and<br />
the Field; Field Safety<br />
Sponsored by the GSA International Section<br />
Sunday, September 4, 9:30–16:30<br />
Conveners: Laurel Goodell, Jeff Rubin, Sara Carena<br />
Anke Friedrich (logistics contact)<br />
Language: English<br />
No fees for students enrolled in degree programs<br />
(confirmation e-mail from advisor required);<br />
Included: c<strong>of</strong>fee break, lunch and printed matter.<br />
Maximum 30 participants.<br />
Contact: Anke Friedrich (friedrich@lmu.de).<br />
Requirements: The course is designed for Master- and PhD<br />
level graduate students, but upper-level undergraduate student<br />
may also benefit. All participants should bring a poster <strong>of</strong> their<br />
current research project. The poster has the same dimensions<br />
as the posters for this meeting.<br />
Prerequisite: Interest in geosciences and the academic track<br />
(balancing a graduate student career in research, teaching, field<br />
work and life).<br />
Part I by Laurel Goodell:<br />
Twenty years ago, there were practically no preparation activities<br />
at most universities for graduate student AIs. Since<br />
then, preparing graduate students to be effective teachers has<br />
received increasing attention, <strong>with</strong> teaching seen not only as<br />
necessary for the financial support <strong>of</strong> some graduate students,<br />
but as a vital component <strong>of</strong> both the pr<strong>of</strong>essional development<br />
<strong>of</strong> graduate students and the overall teaching mission <strong>of</strong> the<br />
university. We face several challenges in preparing graduate<br />
students to be excellent laboratory instructors: 1) effective<br />
teaching is not necessarily an instinctive skill, and needs to be<br />
nurtured and developed; 2) teaching, or working on effective<br />
teaching, is not always a high priority for graduate students due<br />
to the many demands on their time; 3) international graduate<br />
students may have language or cultural issues that inhibit interactions<br />
<strong>with</strong> undergraduates; and 4) AIs may be inexperienced<br />
in the curricula <strong>of</strong> the courses they are assigned to teach.<br />
Part II by Jeff Rubin:<br />
Few laws, standards, or even policies exist to provide safety<br />
guidelines for academic field trips, field classes, or field research<br />
in remote areas. As <strong>with</strong> lab safety, a systems approach is<br />
preferable, incorporating behavior and equipment. A comprehensive<br />
policy should include driving, awareness and planning,<br />
communications, equipment, training, and staffing for field<br />
trips and classes. Effective risk assessment begins <strong>with</strong> hazard<br />
awareness and pre-trip planning, and should include physical,<br />
political, medical, and social hazards. Appropriate training<br />
includes use and basic maintenance <strong>of</strong> emergency equipment,<br />
wilderness first aid, crisis management, and prevention. Equipment<br />
and training can be tailored to the needs <strong>of</strong> the end-users.<br />
Solitary field research should be discouraged, and field trips<br />
and classes should have adequate staffing to prevent and manage<br />
emergencies. Objective risk-benefit analysis is essential:<br />
decisions on field activities, as well as policies and procedures,<br />
must be based on objective analysis rather than convenience.
Richard-Wagner-Str. 10<br />
Paleontology Museum<br />
entrance<br />
(ground �oor)<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> Workshop and Splinter Meeting Locations<br />
RiWa<br />
102<br />
DGG+GV Joint Meeting<br />
Sun, Sept 4, 17:00-18:00<br />
LMU Geobiology<br />
RiWa<br />
106<br />
Paleontology<br />
Museum<br />
LMU Geology<br />
Luisenstr. 37<br />
First Floor<br />
WC<br />
hallway to Richard-Wagner-Str. 10<br />
on ground �oor and �rst �oor<br />
RiWa<br />
108<br />
RiWa<br />
109<br />
RiWa<br />
110<br />
entrance (ground �oor)<br />
Luisenstr. 37<br />
LMU Geology<br />
WC<br />
222<br />
Tectonics Lab<br />
GV Council Meeting<br />
Sun, Sept 4, 15:00-17:00<br />
DGG Council Meeting<br />
Sun, Sept 4, 15:00-17:00<br />
Planet Earth Board Meeting<br />
Sun, Sept 4, 14:00-18:00<br />
Workshop W1<br />
Free S<strong>of</strong>tware for Plate Reconstruction,<br />
Geodata Analysis and Map Making<br />
Thu, Sept 8, 9:30-16:30<br />
Fri, Sept 9, 9:30-16:30<br />
Workshop W3<br />
Neotectonics, Tectonic Geomorphology<br />
and Paleoseismology <strong>of</strong> Tectonically<br />
Active Regions<br />
Wed, Aug 31, 9:00-17:00<br />
Thu, Sept 1, 9:00-17:00<br />
Workshop W7<br />
Graduate Student Forum<br />
Sun, Sept 4, 9:30-16:30<br />
Parking Lot<br />
GSA International Section<br />
Lunch Reception<br />
Sun, Sept 4, 11:00-13:00<br />
221<br />
Co�ee<br />
Room<br />
LMU Geology<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 25
Field Trips<br />
General information<br />
Field trips begin and end in front <strong>of</strong> the LMU Geology institute (Luisenstr. 37, Munich) unless otherwise indicated. All trips<br />
include transportation during the trip.<br />
Several trips that involve significant amounts <strong>of</strong> hiking are rated for difficulty. Trips that involve only touring <strong>of</strong> mines, pits,<br />
quarries, and roadside stops are not rated for difficulty, but they may still require boots or rubber boots. The number and type <strong>of</strong><br />
“boots” gives a quick overview, but please read the more detailed information for each trip:<br />
AV*: Bergwanderung leicht / easy mountain hike<br />
USA class1<br />
DAV*: Bergwanderung mittelschwer / moderate mountain hike<br />
USA class 2<br />
DAV*: Bergtour / Mountaineering<br />
USA class 3<br />
No hiking involved<br />
(visits to labs)<br />
Muddy trip!<br />
Rubber boots or at least hiking boots required.<br />
*DAV = Deutscher Alpenverein / German Alpine Club<br />
Registration for field trips closed June 30, 2011. This deadline may be extended for individual trips that are not yet full, so please<br />
check back even after the deadline if you are interested in joining a field trip.<br />
The field trip fee is non-refundable <strong>with</strong> the exception <strong>of</strong> trip cancellation by the organizers. Field trip registration fees will be<br />
debited to your credit card as soon as the trip has reached the minimum number <strong>of</strong> participants, so you might not see a charge<br />
right away on your card statement.<br />
Pre-Conference Field Trips (August 21 to September 4)<br />
Field Trip E1<br />
Geology along the TRANSALP Line, Part 1: Tauern Window<br />
Departure: Sunday, August 21, 8:00, LMU Geology building, main entrance, Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Return: Saturday, August 27, ~ 18:00, LMU Geology building, main entrance, Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Cost: 446 €; maximum: 25 participants.<br />
AWG members will pay a reduced fee (346 €).<br />
Included: lodging, breakfast, gondolas<br />
Not Included: lunch, dinner, drinks, sleeping bag or bag liner (a sleeping-bag liner is mandatory in the mountain huts)<br />
Difficulty: DAV: Bergtour / Mountaineering<br />
USA National Parks Rating: Strenuous.<br />
Whole day walks in rugged and steep Alpine terrain and ascents/descents <strong>of</strong> 800 m elevation difference<br />
(~ 2500 feet) are included. Peak altitudes reach 2750 m (9000 feet).<br />
Overnight stays up to 2500 m (8200 feet).<br />
Leaders: Bernd Lammerer, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)<br />
Jane Selverstone, University <strong>of</strong> New Mexico<br />
Gerhard Franz, Technical University Berlin<br />
Description:<br />
The TRANSALP project (1998 -2001) included various geological and geophysical surveys along a straight transect through the<br />
Alps between Munich and Venice. The three excursions run roughly along this line and cover the Eastern Alps where they are<br />
best studied. The first excursion leads into the very center <strong>of</strong> the Eastern Alps — the Tauern Window. Here, the metamorphosed<br />
basement and cover rocks <strong>of</strong> the European plate are exposed beneath the nappes <strong>of</strong> the Alpine Tethys Ocean (Penninic nappes)<br />
and the basal parts <strong>of</strong> the Adriatic plate (Austroalpine nappes).<br />
The excursion will provide insight into the intrusive and metamorphic development <strong>of</strong> the European plate its complex tectonic<br />
structures <strong>of</strong> nappe stacking, folding, refolding, and backfolding, and also its palaeo-geographic history. The exhumation history<br />
will be discussed, including the enigmatic east — west extension that facilitated its internal stacking and uplift.<br />
26 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
The famous “Garbenschiefer” will be visited in the Berliner Hütte area in an Early Variscan coloured mélange zone (Greiner<br />
Schists). The Alpine duplex structure in the Tauern window and the late Variscan horst — graben tectonics will be discussed in<br />
the Hintertux area and the Tauern window uplift and the ductile internal deformation in the Brenner and Pfitscher Joch areas.<br />
Itinerary<br />
Sun, Aug 21: Munich – Achensee ‐ Mayrh<strong>of</strong>en ‐ Breitlahner (1260m) – Berliner Hütte (2050m), 150km–3 hours ascent (800 m)<br />
up to Berliner Hütte (accommodation)<br />
Program: Cross section from Munich to the Tauern window, northern rim <strong>of</strong> the Tauern Window<br />
Mon, Aug 22: Berliner Hütte - Schwarzsee (2470 m) – Eissee (2675m) – Berliner Hütte (accommodation) whole day walk in<br />
rough Alpine topography, 700 m up/down<br />
Program: metamorphic rocks and meta-ophiolites <strong>of</strong> the Palaeozoic Greiner series; coloured melange and intrusive contacts,<br />
garbenschists, Post-Hercynian meta‐conglomerates.<br />
Tue, Aug 23: Descent to Breitlahner (2 h, 800m down), by car to Hintertux (30 km), by cable lift to Spannagl House (2528m accommodation).<br />
Program: Postvariscan metasediments <strong>of</strong> the Riffler‐Schönach trough, thrust <strong>of</strong> Zentralgneis over Jurassicmarble, visit <strong>of</strong> the<br />
highest karst cave <strong>of</strong> Austria.<br />
Wed, Aug 24: Spannagl House – Tuxer Joch House (2313m) whole day walk in high Alpine topography, 600 m up/down<br />
Program: Nappe tectonics and backfolding <strong>with</strong>in the Tauern window, meta‐sediments <strong>of</strong> the continent ocean transition<br />
(Bündnerschiefer) and basal imbricate and back folded series.<br />
Thu, Aug 25: Descent to Hintertux (by cable lift), by car via Brenner to Pfitscher Joch House (2270m accommodation) 170 km<br />
Program: Brenner normal Fault, tectonics <strong>of</strong> the western Tauern window<br />
Fri, Aug 26: Geology in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Pfitscher Joch House (accommodation). Whole day walk in Alpine topography, 400 m<br />
up/down<br />
Program: Post Hercynian transgressive series and tectonics, sheared granites, Greiner shear zone, deformed conglomerates and<br />
orthogneisses, isoclinal Pfitsch syncline, metamorphosed soil horizon<br />
Sat, Aug 27: Pfitscher Joch – Sterzing – Mauls (40 km) ‐ Garmisch ‐ Weilheim ‐ Munich (210 km).<br />
Program: Southern rim <strong>of</strong> the Tauern window, Periadriatic fault, Triassic <strong>of</strong> Mauls. Arrival in Weilheim Naturfreundehaus at<br />
17:00, in Munich Luisenstraße at 18:00<br />
Field Trip E2<br />
Geology along the TRANSALP Line, Part 2: Northern Alps<br />
Departure: Sunday August 28, 8:00 (1) or 8:30 (2)<br />
Participants can depart and return at either <strong>of</strong> these locations:<br />
(1) LMU Geology building, main entrance, Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
(2) Weilheim Naturfreundehaus<br />
Return: Sun. 4 Sept., ~14:00 (2) or ~15:00 (1)<br />
Cost: 459 €; maximum: 25 participants.<br />
Included: lodging, breakfast, cable cars<br />
Not Included: lunch, dinner, drinks, sleeping bag or bag liner (a sleeping-bag liner is mandatory in the mountain huts)<br />
Difficulty: DAV: Bergtour / Mountaineering<br />
USA National Parks Rating: Strenuous. DAV Rating: Bergtour / Mountaineering.<br />
Whole day walks in rugged and steep Alpine terrain and ascents/descents <strong>of</strong> 800 m elevation difference<br />
(~ 2500 feet) are included. Peak altitudes reach 2750 m (9000 feet). Overnight stays up to 2000 m (6500 feet).<br />
Leaders: Bernd Lammerer, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)<br />
Alexander Heyng, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)<br />
Reinhard Hesse, McGill University, Montreal/Canada<br />
Hugo Ortner, University <strong>of</strong> Innsbruck<br />
Description<br />
The excursion to the Northern Alps covers the exciting and varied geology at the front <strong>of</strong> the Alpine orogenic wedge. The first<br />
day is dedicated to the folded foreland Molasse zone, which reflects the tectonic events <strong>of</strong> the Eastern Alps during Palaeogene<br />
and Neogene times. Another day leads to the Mesozoic base <strong>of</strong> the Molasse zone which was thrust over the Molasse (Helvetic<br />
zone); during the third day the transition to the Alpine Tethys <strong>with</strong> its turbidites (Flysch zone) will be visited. Two days will be<br />
spent in Triassic to Cretaceous rocks <strong>of</strong> the Northern Calcareous Alps. The Valepp valley <strong>of</strong>fers a deep insight into the Cretaceous<br />
and Neogene structures and to the rocks deposited on the disintegrating and subsiding northern shelf <strong>of</strong> the Adriatic<br />
Plate to discuss the sedimentological and structural characteristics and, finally, the last two days are spent to study the spectacular<br />
upper Cretaceous Gosau sediments in the Muttekopf area <strong>with</strong> its unconformities, slump folds, olistholites and turbidites.<br />
Along the Inn valley the role <strong>of</strong> the Inntal fault, the Inneralpine Tertiary sediments, the Quaternary history and big landslides<br />
will also be discussed.<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 27
Itinerary<br />
Sunday, August 28: Munich – Hohenpeißenberg – Altenau (100 km) – Weilheim Naturfreundehaus 35 km<br />
(accommodation).<br />
Program: Molasse Zone. Pähl gorge (glacial sediments and Upper freshwater Molasse in fine grained facies), Hohenpeißenberg<br />
(overview over the Alpine front, folded Molasse, Upper Freshwater Molasse in coarse grained fan facies), overturned Upper<br />
marine Molasse; delta sediments at the Schnals caves, transition from the Lower marine Molasse to Lower Freshwater Molasse<br />
at Scheibum, Marine Molasse and Flyschmolasse <strong>with</strong> turbidites near Altenau at Meyersäge)<br />
Monday, August 29: Weilheim – Benediktbeuern – Grafenaschau ‐ Weilheim (70 km, accommodation)<br />
Program: Rhenodanubian Flysch Zone <strong>of</strong> the Lainbachtal and Lahnegraben: sedimentology, tectonics and geodynamic<br />
evolution<br />
Tuesday, August 30: Weilheim – Rohrdorf (116 km) – Kufstein – Kaiserhaus (80 km, accommodation)<br />
Program: Helvetic Zone, Kögl <strong>of</strong> Murnau; Cement factory <strong>of</strong> Rohrdorf, historic millstone quarry <strong>of</strong> Hinterhör<br />
Wednesday, August 31: Kaiserhaus – Erzherzog-Johann-Klause (accommodation) (walk ca. 15 km)<br />
Program: Kaiser gorge in the north limb <strong>of</strong> the Guffert anticline; Gosau unconformity, Tectonics and stratigraphy <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA), Achental thrust.<br />
Thursday, September 1: Erzherzog-Johann-Klause ‐ Pinegg - Kaiserhaus (accommodation) (walk back to Kaiserhaus,<br />
by car to Pinegg 3 km)<br />
Program: Late Triassic onset <strong>of</strong> extensional tectonics, Triassic Coral reefs wit Early Jurassic extensional fissures, slumping und<br />
rapid deepening <strong>of</strong> the basin; marine Gosau transgression surface <strong>with</strong> rudists at Pinegg<br />
Friday, September 2: Kaiserhaus – Imst (120 km) – by cable lift and 1 h walk to Muttekopf Hütte (1934 m, accommodation)<br />
Program: Inneralpine Molasse near Kramsach, Inn valley fault, glacial history <strong>of</strong> the Inn valley, Tschirgant landslide, section<br />
through basal, continental to shallow marine part <strong>of</strong> Gosau sediments.<br />
Saturday, September 3: Muttekopf area, all day walk in mountainous area, in part <strong>with</strong>out trail; ~800 m up and down)<br />
Muttekopf Hütte (accommodation)<br />
Program: Deep marine upper part <strong>of</strong> Gosau sediments: Sedimentology <strong>of</strong> a extremely coarse‐grained sediment gravity flow<br />
deposit. Erosional unconformities und angular unconformities due to structural growth; S<strong>of</strong>t‐sediment deformation in slumps<br />
und folds due to syn‐depositional shortening. Spectacular, partly mountain‐size outcrops!<br />
Sunday, September 4: By cable lift down to Imst, by car back to Munich 150 km<br />
Theme: cross section through the Northern Calcareous Alps, Fernpass landslide. Arrival at Munich in the afternoon.<br />
Field Trip E3<br />
Two Orogens and their Subduction Records in the Eastern Alps<br />
Departure: Thursday, September 1, 8:00, main entrance <strong>of</strong> LMU Geology, Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Return: Sunday 4 September, ~18:00, main entrance <strong>of</strong> LMU Geology, Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Cost: € 440; maximum: 24 participants<br />
Included: lodging, breakfast<br />
Not included: lunch, dinner, drinks<br />
Difficulty: DAV: Bergwanderung mittelschwer / Moderate mountain hike<br />
USA Class 2. USA National Parks Rating: Moderate.<br />
Leaders: Bernhard Fügenschuh, University <strong>of</strong> Innsbruck<br />
Mark Handy, Freie Universität Berlin<br />
Description<br />
The Alps comprise two orogens that are exposed in piggy-back fashion in the Eastern Alps. These orogens preserve different<br />
relics <strong>of</strong> subduction: (1) In the overlying Austroalpine nappes Cretaceous eclogites record E- to SE-directed, intracrustal<br />
subduction <strong>with</strong>in the Adriatic/Apulian microplate that preceded Alpine orogenesis. This early subduction was probably related<br />
to (possibly triggered by?) Jurassic subduction and obduction <strong>of</strong> the northern branch <strong>of</strong> the Neotethys Ocean; (2) In underlying<br />
units <strong>of</strong> the Tauern Window, Early Cenozoic eclogite and blueschist document later S- to SSE-directed subduction <strong>of</strong> the Alpine<br />
Tethys Ocean and distal parts <strong>of</strong> the European continental margin. This later subduction was continuous <strong>with</strong> Europe-Adria<br />
collision and Alpine orogenesis in Oligo-Miocene time.<br />
The first part <strong>of</strong> this field trip will be devoted to the tectonometamorphic evolution <strong>of</strong> the Ötztal continental basement and its<br />
neighboring Austroalpine units. HP metamorphism was followed by Late Cretaceous nappe stacking, exhumation and amphibolite-facies<br />
regional metamorphism. In the second part <strong>of</strong> the field trip we will visit the Cenozoic HP rocks <strong>of</strong> the Tauern<br />
Window that derive from Alpine Tethys (Glockner Nappe) and from distal European continental crust (Eclogite Zone, Rote<br />
Wand unit). In addition, we will show how collisional structures modified the entire nappe edifice in the eastern part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Tauern Window. We will visit spectacular km-scale folds and shear zone systems that accommodated N-S shortening and eastdirected<br />
lateral escape. This late orogenic deformation in the Eastern Alps manifests the response <strong>of</strong> the crust to a combination<br />
<strong>of</strong> Adriatic indentation and Miocene roll-back subduction in the Carpathians.<br />
28 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
Field Trip E19a<br />
Geo-Education and Geopark Implementation in the Vulkaneifel European Geopark/Vulkanland Eifel National Geopark<br />
Departure: Thursday, September 1, 15:00, Koblenz main train station (Hauptbahnh<strong>of</strong>). The station is well-connected and<br />
allows easy travel directly to/from Munich or Frankfurt airport.<br />
Return Sunday, September 4, ~9:00<br />
Cost: € 437; Maximum: 30 participants<br />
Included: Lodging and breakfast, lunch, entrance fees<br />
Not Included: Dinner<br />
Difficulty: Bergwanderung leicht / easy mountain hike<br />
USA class 1<br />
Leaders Peter Bitschene, TW Gerolsteiner Land GmbH<br />
Andreas Schüller, Vulkaneifel Natur- und Geopark GmbH<br />
Description<br />
After arriving in the Vulkaneifel the initial site <strong>of</strong> the Vulkaneifel Geopark will be visited, i. e. Gerolstein Recreational Park <strong>with</strong><br />
its 3 geosites “Helenenquelle” (Gerolsteiner Mineral Water), “Sidinger Drees” (Celtic and Roman worshipping <strong>of</strong> mineral water),<br />
and “Sarresdorfer Lava Flow” (youngest lava flow in Germany).<br />
The second day will bring the intraplate Eifel volcanism into focus. A visit to the Rockeskyller Kopf Volcanic Complex shows the<br />
deposits <strong>of</strong> a typical eruption sequence <strong>of</strong> an alkali basaltic Eifel volcano from the initial maar phase through the Strombolian-/<br />
Vulcanian-type explosive phase <strong>with</strong> fall and flow deposits to the final stage <strong>of</strong> lava outflow and plumbing <strong>of</strong> the lava conduits.<br />
Walking through the open pit mining area will allow finding specific minerals such as phlogopite and pyroxene, as well as upper<br />
mantle lherzolite to dunite nodules. A discussion about the pros and cons <strong>of</strong> rock and mineral collecting will follow <strong>with</strong> special<br />
emphasis on the appropriate application <strong>of</strong> geopark standards. A visit to the “Mühlenberg” then <strong>of</strong>fers a view into the use <strong>of</strong><br />
basaltic rocks in ancient and modern times. Caves as well as open pits <strong>with</strong> the remnants <strong>of</strong> the former milling stone industry<br />
and today’s use <strong>of</strong> basaltic rocks will be visited. The next stop will show the “Gerolstein County Geo-Field” which was especially<br />
designed to bring the rock, mineral and fossil stories to the junior geologist, <strong>with</strong>out falling short <strong>of</strong> showing and explaining<br />
outstanding discordant and concordant contacts between hydro-volcanic and pyro-volcanic deposits.<br />
The third day is dedicated to the famous Eifel maars to discuss their shapes, depths, deposits, and scientific and educational<br />
values, <strong>with</strong> special regard to their use as climate archives. The Holzmaar <strong>with</strong> its adjacent smaller maars display their value as<br />
climate archives and how to protect a maar and its environment. A visit in Strohn shows a 120 tons lava bomb and basaltic lava,<br />
scoria and ash deposits. After lunch in the local “Vulkanhaus”, a quarry adjacent to the Pulvermaar is visited, where tuff-ring<br />
deposits rich in accidental lithics can be seen. The next stop is right on top the saddle between two maar lakes, the Weinfelder<br />
Maar and the Schalkenmehrener Maar. This is the place <strong>with</strong> the highest touristic record, and here will be shown how a geosite<br />
is equipped and maintained. The day concludes <strong>with</strong> a visit to the Wallenborn cold water geyser. The next day has an option to<br />
visit the Laacher See volcano where 12 900 years ago a VEI 6 phreato-Plinian eruption occurred, the largest ever since in central<br />
Europe.<br />
Further information: http://www.geopark-vulkaneifel.de<br />
Field Trip E6 (one-day trip)<br />
Geodetic Observatory Wettzell<br />
Departure: Friday, September 2, 8:00, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Return: Friday, September 2, 19:00, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Cost: 45 €; maximum: 45 participants<br />
Not Included: lunch in local restaurant<br />
Difficulty: no hiking involved<br />
Leaders: Urs Hugentobler, Technische Universität München<br />
Ulrich Schreiber, Thomas Klügel, Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie<br />
Description<br />
The Geodetic Observatory Wettzell in the Bavarian Forest is jointly operated by the Federal Agency for Cartography and<br />
Geodesy (Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie, BKG) and Technische Universität München (TUM). At the geodetic<br />
fundamental observatory the main space-geodetic techniques are co-located: The observatory operates a 20 m radio telescope<br />
for geodetic VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) measurements, a Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) telemeter, several GPS,<br />
GPS/GLONASS and Galileo permanent stations, the world largest active Laser gyroscope for measuring variations <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s<br />
rotation, a superconducting gravimeter, hydrogen masers and atomic clocks as well as supporting sensors for monitoring seismic,<br />
meteorological, and hydrological conditions. Two new 13m radio telescopes as well as a second Laser telemeter are under<br />
construction. Main task <strong>of</strong> the observatory is to contribute to a global network <strong>of</strong> stable reference points, allowing to realize a<br />
long-term stable global terrestrial reference frame as metrological basis for geophysical applications and monitoring <strong>of</strong> global<br />
change as well as monitoring <strong>of</strong> the orientation <strong>of</strong> the Earth in space.<br />
The excursion requires a 2.5 hours travel by bus (one way). After a short introduction into the mission and tasks <strong>of</strong> the observatory<br />
the participants <strong>of</strong> the trip have the opportunity to visit the instruments in groups and discuss <strong>with</strong> specialists.<br />
Further information: http://www.fs.wettzell.de<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 29
Field Trip E8 (one-day trip)<br />
Naturwerksteine Münchens<br />
Depart: Sunday, September 4, 13:30, LMU Geology building, main entrance, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich<br />
Return: Sunday, September 4, 18:00, Icebreaker location (LMU Main Building)<br />
Cost: 16 €; maximum: 25 participants.<br />
Included: Printed guidebook and information material (in German)<br />
Difficulty: walking tour<br />
Leaders Wolf-Dieter Grimm, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich<br />
Gerhard Lehrberger, Technische Universität München, Munich<br />
Description<br />
This half-day field trip will highlight important and typical dimension stones <strong>of</strong> buildings and monuments in the area <strong>of</strong> the<br />
geological institutes <strong>of</strong> both Munich universities and <strong>of</strong> the main building <strong>of</strong> the LMU Characteristic rock types will be introduced,<br />
but also information about the economic history <strong>of</strong> stone industry in Bavaria and about the architectural and art history<br />
<strong>of</strong> the buildings and <strong>of</strong> Munich in general will be provided. Many <strong>of</strong> the historical buildings in Munich consist partly <strong>of</strong> natural<br />
stones. Many <strong>of</strong> them are from classical sites in Bavaria and Austria. They were used as blocks, slabs, columns or as sculptured<br />
stones in architecture and monuments.<br />
The tour starts at the geological and paleontological institute <strong>of</strong> the LMU and will lead to the neoclassical Königsplatz, the buildings<br />
<strong>of</strong> the TUM and the Alte Pinakothek. Beside petrographic aspects, deterioration processes and conservation measures will<br />
be mentioned, too.<br />
Field Trip E9 (one-day trip)<br />
Quaternary, Molasse and Applied Geology in the Alpine Foreland west <strong>of</strong> Munich<br />
Departure: Saturday, September 3, 7:30, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Return: Saturday, September 3, 20:00, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Cost: 35 €; maximum: 50 participants.<br />
Not Included: Meals: participants should bring their own sandwiches.<br />
Difficulty: easy, mostly visits to quarries, pits, and short walks <strong>of</strong>f roads.<br />
For a couple <strong>of</strong> stops rubber boots or hiking boots are recommended<br />
Leaders Herbert Scholz and Bernhard Lempe, Technische Universität München<br />
Dorothea Frieling, Olching<br />
Description<br />
Stop 1: Clay pit Hammerschmiede W <strong>of</strong> Pforzen near Irsee.<br />
Stop 2: Quarry in Early Holocene calcareous tuff at Schleifmühle near Kaufbeuren.<br />
Stop 3: Gravel pit in fluvioglacial deposits (Mindel) near Warmisried covered <strong>with</strong> unusual thick brown soils.<br />
Stop 4: Outlook from Lerchenberg near Günz across the Günz valley to the W: Penck’s stratigraphical system at first sight.<br />
Stop 5: Gravel pit in fluvioglacial deposits (Riss) near Memmingen <strong>with</strong> “Geologische Orgeln”.<br />
Stop 6: Outlook from Theinselberg near Gossmannsh<strong>of</strong>en across “Memminger Trockental”: hydrogeology <strong>of</strong> a terminal<br />
Würmglacial outwash plain.<br />
Stop 7: “Geologische Orgeln” in donauglacial conglomerates near Bossarts.<br />
Stop 8: Proximal part <strong>of</strong> a land slide (“Teufelsküche”) near Ronsberg affecting coarse grained Mindelglacial conglomerates<br />
overlying Molasse marls.<br />
Stop 9: Conglomerate rocks below Ruine Wagegg near Wildpoldsried: presumably remains <strong>of</strong> a Mindelglacial kame.<br />
Stop 10: A historical embankment dam in the Leubas valley near Betzigau and the drainage history <strong>of</strong> a glacial tongue basin <strong>of</strong><br />
the Iller glacier.<br />
Stop 11: Quarry in steeply inclined marine sandstones <strong>of</strong> the Upper Marine Molasse, marking the limit between Subalpine and<br />
Foreland Molasse.<br />
Stop 12: “Beihlstein”, an extremely big erratic boulder near Görisried and the invasion <strong>of</strong> the Iller glacier into a basin occupied<br />
afore by the Lech-Wertach glacier.<br />
Field Trip E10<br />
Monitoring <strong>of</strong> Alpine Glaciers, Austria<br />
Departure: Friday, September 2, 12:00. Depart and return from R<strong>of</strong>en, Ötztal. Accessible by car or public transportion<br />
(take train to Oetztal, then bus to Sölden, then Bus to Vent or 30 minutes walk to Vent).<br />
Return: Saturday, September 3, 17:00.<br />
Cost: 70 €; maximum: 15 participants.<br />
Included: Overnight lodging, breakfast, dinner<br />
Not Included: Transportation to R<strong>of</strong>en, lunch, drinks, sleeping bag (a sleeping-bag liner is mandatory in the mountain huts)<br />
Difficulty: DAV: Bergtour / Mountaineering<br />
USA National Parks Rating: Strenuous<br />
Whole day walks in rugged and steep Alpine terrain and ascents/descents <strong>of</strong> 900 m elevation difference<br />
30 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
(~ 3000 feet) are included. Peak altitudes reach 3128 m (10000 feet). Overnight stay at 2755 m (9000 feet).<br />
Leaders: Christoph Mayer, Commission for Glaciology, Bavarian Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences and<br />
Humanities, Munich, Germany<br />
Description<br />
The Vernagtferner in the Oetztal is one <strong>of</strong> the biggest glaciers <strong>of</strong> the Eastern Alps. Our excursion goes from Vent to the Vernagthut,<br />
where we will spend the night. From there we are going to visit the glacier and the gauging station which is run by the<br />
Commission for Glaciology, Bavarian Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences and Humanities. There, the glaciological fieldwork at the Vernagtferner<br />
and the historical and future evolution <strong>of</strong> the glacier will be explained. On our way back we will climb the Guslarspitzen<br />
(3128 m, 10262 ft), from where we can enjoy a fantastic view <strong>of</strong> the surrounding glaciers and mountains.<br />
Field Trip E18<br />
Active Tectonics and Earthquake Geology <strong>of</strong> the Vienna Basin<br />
Departure: Friday, September 2, 8:00, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Return Saturday, September 3, ~18:00, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Cost: 200 €*; maximum: 20 participants.<br />
AWG members who send an email to sara_carena@me.com <strong>with</strong> their name and AWG membership number<br />
will pay a reduced fee (150 €).<br />
Short Course: The field trip is also part <strong>of</strong> the short course W3. Field trip fee is already included in the W3 registration fee,<br />
so if you register for the W3 workshop, do not register for this field trip separately.<br />
Included: Lodging, breakfast, cold lunch<br />
Not Included: Dinner*, drinks<br />
Difficulty: DAV: Bergwanderung leicht / easy mountain hike<br />
USA class 1<br />
Leaders Kurt Decker, University Vienna<br />
Esther Hintersberger, University Vienna<br />
Andreas Beidinger, University Vienna<br />
Description<br />
The trip focuses on the earthquake geology <strong>of</strong> the Vienna Basin Fault System, which is among the seismically most active faults<br />
in Central Europe. We will visit the spectacular fault scarps produced by the strike-slip fault (Lassee scarp) as well as scarps <strong>of</strong><br />
normal faults (Markgrafneusiedl scarp) close to the City <strong>of</strong> Vienna. The latter is <strong>of</strong> particular interest for seismic hazard analyses<br />
as recent paleoseismological studies proved pre-historic earthquakes for the Markgrafneusiedl Fault <strong>with</strong> magnitudes up to<br />
M~7, which is the largest magnitude ever recorded in Central Europe North <strong>of</strong> the Alps.<br />
The trench that evidences the M~7 event will be re-opened for the excursion. During the excursion participants will have the<br />
opportunity to discuss all aspects <strong>of</strong> active fault kinematics, slip history, tectonic geomorphology, displacement rates, seismicity,<br />
and seismic hazard <strong>of</strong> the Vienna Basin Fault System <strong>with</strong> the background <strong>of</strong> a wealth <strong>of</strong> data showing the active faults from<br />
seismogenic depths (industrial 2D and 3D seismic) up to the surface.<br />
*If the cost turns out to be lower (actual cost will depend also on how many people sign up though the W3 workshop), either dinner will be<br />
included, or participants will get reimbursed.<br />
Post-Conference Field Trips (September 8-14)<br />
Field Trip E4<br />
German Aerospace Center (DLR) (one-day trip)<br />
Departure: Thursday, September 8, 9:00, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Return: Thursday, September 8, 16:00, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Cost: 33 €; maximum: 40 participants.<br />
Not Included: Lunch (participants will have to buy their lunch at the DLR cafeteria, it costs about 5 euros)<br />
Difficulty: no hiking involved<br />
Leaders Richard Bamler, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Oberpfaffenh<strong>of</strong>en<br />
Description<br />
DLR is Germany’s national research center for aeronautics and space. Its extensive research and development work in aeronautics,<br />
space, transportation and energy is integrated into national and international cooperative ventures. In the morning<br />
there will be a presentation about the Earth Observation Center (EOC) and a guided tour <strong>of</strong> the EOC. After lunch there will<br />
be a guided tour <strong>of</strong> the Galileo Control Center (GCC). Afterwards there will be a guided tour <strong>of</strong> the German Space Operations<br />
Center (GSOC).<br />
Further information: http://www.dlr.de<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 31
Field Trip E11<br />
Geology along the TRANSALP Line, Part 3: Dolomites, Southern Alps<br />
Departure: Thursday, September 8, 8:00, LMU Geology building, main entrance. Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Return: Wednesday, September 14, ~17:00, , LMU Geology building, main entrance. Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Cost: 567 €; maximum: 25 participants.<br />
Included: Lodging, breakfast, dinner<br />
Not Included: Lunch, drinks<br />
Difficulty: DAV: Bergwanderung mittelschwer / Moderate mountain hike.<br />
USA National Parks Rating: Strenuous.<br />
Whole day walks (interrupted by outcrop descriptions) in rugged and steep Alpine terrain and ascents/<br />
descents <strong>of</strong> 500 m elevation difference (~ 1600 feet) are included. Peak altitudes reach 3000 m (10.000 feet).<br />
Overnight stays up to 2000 m (6500 feet).<br />
Leaders: Bernd Lammerer, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)<br />
Ludwig Masch, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)<br />
Rainer Brandner, University <strong>of</strong> Innsbruck<br />
Lorenz Keim, <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, Bozen<br />
Description<br />
The first part <strong>of</strong> the excursion leads to the geologically world famous localities <strong>of</strong> the western Dolomites. Their mega-outcrops<br />
provide unique insights into the dynamic <strong>of</strong> carbonate platforms and reef — basin interactions. The first day is dedicated to the<br />
Permian history <strong>of</strong> the Dolomites, the basal unconformity, the Permian volcanic suite and the onset <strong>of</strong> marine transgression.<br />
Afterwards, the Pufels type section <strong>of</strong> the Permian — Triassic boundary will be visited.<br />
Day 2: The Seiseralm and the Roβzähne show impressively a well preserved palaeoslope <strong>with</strong> interfingering <strong>of</strong> prograding reef<br />
tongues from the adjacent Schlern reef <strong>with</strong> large carbonate blocks (= Cipit boulders) and basinal vulcaniclastic sandstones and<br />
conglomerates.<br />
Day 3: The Sella group shows one <strong>of</strong> the best preserved clin<strong>of</strong>orm geometries and interfingering <strong>with</strong> the adjacent basins at the<br />
Gröden and Sella Pass; additionally, we walk to the Col Rodela located SW <strong>of</strong> the Sella Pass in order to visit one <strong>of</strong> the most<br />
complex and much discussed tectonic structures <strong>of</strong> the Dolomites; later we proceed to the Pordoi Pass.<br />
Day 4 will <strong>of</strong>fer a spectacular ascent to the Sas Pordoi and a walk on the top <strong>of</strong> the Norian Hauptdolomite carbonate platform<br />
<strong>with</strong> typical peritidal cyclothemes to the famous thrusts and folds (“Gipfelfaltung”) at the summit <strong>of</strong> the Sella, the Piz Boè.<br />
Day 5 leads to the Mid Triassic intrusions around Predazzo and to the type locality <strong>of</strong> monzonite. Here, the dispute between<br />
the plutonists and neptunists was finally decided. From here we go west to study the Jurassic platform — basin relations in the<br />
Southern Alps. We visit the Dinosaur tracks near Rovereto, imprinted in intratidal platform carbonates and oolitic limestones.<br />
Day 6: Further west we reach the facies realm <strong>of</strong> the Lombardian basin, where carbonate turbidites and megaslumps from the<br />
platform margin dominate. Neogene transpressional tectonics caused here folds, thrusts and strike slip faults.<br />
Day 7: On the way back to Munich on day 7, we visit the large landslides <strong>of</strong> the Sarca valley, discuss the glacial morphology <strong>of</strong><br />
the Lake <strong>of</strong> Garda and, finally, cross the entire Eastern Alps back to Munich.<br />
Itinerary<br />
September 8: Munich – Brenner – Waidbruck – Kastelruth – Pufels (265 km, Hotel Mesavia, accommodation)<br />
Program: Basal series <strong>of</strong> the Dolomites: Permian to Middle Triassic geodynamic and stratigraphic evolution, Permian/Triassic<br />
Boundary standard section.<br />
September 9: Pufels ‐ Seiser Alm – Molignon – Roßzähne – Pufels (10 km Hotel Mesavia, accommodation)<br />
Program: Reef–basin–interaction, Middle Triassic magmatism.<br />
September 10: Pufels – Grödner Joch (23 km) – Sellajoch (9 km) – walk to Rodella (1.8 km) – Sellajoch – Pordo Pass (14 km,<br />
Hotel Col di Lana, accommodation)<br />
Program: Clin<strong>of</strong>orm geometries and their alpine deformation at the Grödner Joch; Triassic extensional vs. alpine compressional<br />
tectonics <strong>of</strong> the Rodella imbricate zone; sequences <strong>of</strong> basinal sediments (Wengen/Cassian beds) at the Sellajoch.<br />
September 11: Sella – from the Pordo Pass to the Sass Pordoi (2950 m) by cable lift – walk to Piz Boè (3152 m) whole day walk<br />
in Alpine topography) – Pordoi Pass – (Hotel Col di Lana, accommodation)<br />
Program: Sella atoll‐reef geometry, Upper Triassic to Cretaceous stratigraphy, top <strong>of</strong> a fold and thrust belt, Alpine and Dinaric<br />
tectonics.<br />
September 12: Pordoi – Predazzo (40 km) – Rovereto – Lago di Ledro – Rifugio al Faggio (accommodation)<br />
Program: Triassic monzonitic (type locality!) and granitic intrusions into limestones, Predazzo geological Museum (Neptunists<br />
– Plutonists discussion was decided here!); Jurassic Trento platform and Dinosaur tracks in intratidal carbonates at Rovereto.<br />
September 13: Val Concei – Valle Lumar – Valle dei Molini ‐ Mga Trat – Rifugio al Faggio (accommodation)<br />
Program: Transition Trento platform ‐ Lombardian Basin, slumps and turbidites in limestones indicating deepening <strong>of</strong> the<br />
basin, Neogene folds and thrusts parallel to the Judicaria fault.<br />
September 14: Val Concei – Trento – Brenner – Innsbruck – Garmisch – Munich 400 km<br />
Program: Glacial morphology and formation <strong>of</strong> the Lake Garda, landslides <strong>of</strong> the Sarca Valley. Arrival in Munich in the late<br />
afternoon.<br />
32 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
Field Trip E12<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> transect across central Eastern Alps: Classic tectonic and paleogeographic localities<br />
Departure: September 8, 7:30 from Munich, 9:15 from Salzburg<br />
Return: September 15, 19:30, Munich<br />
Cost: 715 €; maximum: 24 participants.<br />
Included: Overnight lodging, breakfast, lunch, dinner<br />
Not Included: Drinks during dinner<br />
Difficulty: DAV Rating: Bergwanderung leicht / Easy mountain hike.<br />
USA class 2.<br />
Leaders Franz Neubauer, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg<br />
Johann Genser, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg<br />
Description<br />
The Eastern Alps represent a classical continent-continent collisional orogen <strong>with</strong> some specific peculiarities, which arise from<br />
the specific location on the interface between Alps, Carpathians, Pannonian basin and Dinarides. The understanding <strong>of</strong> the<br />
geology <strong>of</strong> Eastern Alps is, therefore, critical for the understanding <strong>of</strong> whole Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaric orogenic belt. Furthermore,<br />
the Eastern Alps also comprise many classic localities <strong>of</strong> structural geology, petrology and sedimentary geology, and a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> concepts were postulated on now famous localities. The excursion intends to visit all principal tectonic and paleogeographic<br />
zones along a ca. N-S transect across central and eastern sectors <strong>of</strong> the Eastern Alps (longitude <strong>of</strong> Salzburg and eastward<br />
from it). The principal goals <strong>of</strong> the excursion will be on following topics: (1) the nature <strong>of</strong> the East Alpine orogen <strong>with</strong> two<br />
Alpine orogenic belts stacked in one; (a) the Cretaceous-aged Austroalpine units representing the upper plate to (b) the classical<br />
Eocene-Miocene continent-continent collisional orogen; (2) evidence for two, Permian-Middle Triassic and Jurassic rifts, which<br />
finally evolved into two different oceans; particular evidence will given to the evidence <strong>of</strong> recently detected Permian and Middle<br />
Triassic events; (3) visit <strong>of</strong> the the type locality <strong>of</strong> eclogites (Saualpe), which indicate late Early Cretaceous A-subduction <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Austroalpine units; (4) assessment the evidence for Late Cretaceous post-orogenic collapse; (5) examination <strong>of</strong> Eocene-Neogene<br />
magmatism associated <strong>with</strong> slab break-<strong>of</strong>f after cessation <strong>of</strong> subduction; (6) discussion <strong>of</strong> the evidence for Neogene lateral<br />
extrusion and associated exhumation <strong>of</strong> the Tauern window as a metamorphic core complex <strong>with</strong>in compressional conditions;<br />
(7) study <strong>of</strong> the mode <strong>of</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> Neogene Styrian basin as extensional basin on top <strong>of</strong> the collapsing orogenic belt; and (8)<br />
pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> early Quaternary magmatism (alkaline basalts) as evidence for ongoing lithospheric thinning.<br />
The eastern sectors <strong>of</strong> Eastern Alps are characterized by the contrast between high elevations (e.g. easternmost Hohe Tauern)<br />
going down — step by step — to the Neogene Styrian basin representing the westernmost part <strong>of</strong> Pannonian basin. The excursion<br />
route will cover many scenic spots in Nothern Calcareous Alps, eastern Tauern window, Nock Mountains and Carnic Alps<br />
as well as the hilly, low-lying part <strong>of</strong> the Styrian basin. The excursion will take place mostly in Austria, <strong>with</strong> outcrops in southeastern<br />
Germany, northern Italy and, possibly, in Slovenia.<br />
Field Trip E13<br />
Natural Hazards <strong>of</strong> the Northern Alps<br />
Departure: Thursday, September 8, 8:00, LMU Geology building, main entrance, Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Return: Sunday, September 11, ~17:00, LMU Geology building, main entrance, Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Cost: € 515 (double room); € 608 (single room)<br />
Maximum: 18 participants<br />
Included: Entrance fees, lodging, breakfast<br />
Difficulty: DAV Rating: Bergwanderung leicht / Easy mountain hike.<br />
USA National Parks Rating: Easy.<br />
Leader: Kurosch Thuro, Technische Universität München<br />
Description<br />
The remnants <strong>of</strong> natural hazards can be seen in various places in the Northern Alps. In our four day field trip we will take a<br />
round course from Munich, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck, Kufstein and back again. On the first day we will follow a<br />
route entering the Alps at Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The first hike will be in the famous “Partnachklamm” (Partnach Canyon),<br />
where steep valley walls are prone to rock fall events. In the afternoon we will visit the Eibsee landslide, one <strong>of</strong> Bavaria’s largest<br />
rock fall events on the foot <strong>of</strong> the Zugspitze, the highest mountain <strong>of</strong> Germany. On the second day we will follow the road<br />
via Leermoos up the Fernpass, a famous Alpine passroad, where we take a closer look at the large Fernpass landslide and its<br />
curious runout features. Heading towards Innsbruck we will pass by the Tschirgant rock fall, where we will take a rest for the<br />
dating history and some glimpses <strong>of</strong> the rock fall debris at the valley floor. On the third day we will visit the Köfels landslide<br />
in the Ötz valley <strong>with</strong> its famous “frictionite”, a superheated rock material looking like pumice at the base <strong>of</strong> the slide. On the<br />
last day we will first focus on the earthquake history <strong>of</strong> the Inntal valley, especially in Innsbruck <strong>with</strong> a visit <strong>of</strong> the ancient city<br />
center and the golden ro<strong>of</strong> (Goldenes Dacherl) <strong>with</strong> some surprisingly details <strong>of</strong> ancient earthquake construction. Driving past<br />
the Eibelschr<strong>of</strong>en, we will catch a glimpse <strong>of</strong> a rock fall activated by mining in 1999 involving some 40.000 m 3 . The last highlight<br />
will be a modern geosensor network installed at a small landslide at the Bavarian Sudelfeld, the Aggenalm early warning system,<br />
developed by our Munich research group on natural hazards (Technische Universität München & Universität der Bundeswehr<br />
München).<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 33
Field Trip E14<br />
Geo Resources <strong>of</strong> Bavaria<br />
Departure: Thursday, September 8, 9:00, LMU Geology building, main entrance, Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Return: Sunday, September 11, ~18:00, LMU Geology building, main entrance, Luisenstr. 37, Munich<br />
Cost: € 438 (double occupancy); € 515 (single room)<br />
Maximum: 20 participants<br />
Included: Lodging, breakfast, lunch on all days, one dinner, entrance fees<br />
Not Included: Dinner on the other two days<br />
Difficulty: DAV Rating: Bergwanderung leicht / Easy mountain hike.<br />
USA National Parks Rating: Easy.<br />
Rubber boots or hiking boots required. Helmets will be provided.<br />
Leaders H. Albert Gilg, TUM, Munich<br />
Gerhard Lehrberger, TUM, Munich<br />
Description<br />
This four-day field trip will highlight important mineral resources in southern Bavaria, present and past. We will visit active<br />
mines <strong>of</strong> industrial minerals and associated processing plants, but include other commodities mined in the past. The focus <strong>of</strong><br />
the first excursion day will be clays in the Molasse Basin, including the world-class Miocene bentonite deposits in the Landshut<br />
area, and Pleistocene loess <strong>with</strong> a modern brick and tile production. During the second day, lignite-bearing ball and fire clay<br />
deposits <strong>of</strong> the Urnaab river system, a former fluorite underground mine in the Wölsendorf area, and the large kaolin (feldspar,<br />
quartz) deposits <strong>of</strong> Hirschau-Schnaittenbach will be visited. The third day will direct us into the Bavarian Forest <strong>with</strong> the Pfahl<br />
quartz deposit, a huge Permian hydrothermal vein system, and the Bodenmais metamorphosed sulfide deposit mined for silver,<br />
pigments and sulfuric acid. A city walk in Regensburg, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and our excursion base, will introduce<br />
to the use <strong>of</strong> various local and imported dimension stones during the last two millennia. We will close our tour <strong>with</strong> the enigmatic<br />
karst-hosted Neuburg siliceous earth deposit and if accessible, a Neolithic flint mining site.<br />
Field Trip E15<br />
Deep Geothermal Power Plants and Drilling Sites in and around Munich (one-day trip)<br />
Departure: Sep. 8, 2011, 9:00, main entrance <strong>of</strong> TUM main building, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich<br />
Return: Sep. 8, 2011, 17:00, main entrance <strong>of</strong> TUM main building, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich<br />
Cost: 33 €; Maximum: 20 participants<br />
Difficulty: DAV Rating: Bergwanderung leicht / Easy mountain hike.<br />
USA Class 1.<br />
Leaders Jörn H. Kruhl, Technische Universität München<br />
Achim Schubert, Erdwerk GmbH<br />
Description<br />
The field trip will visit some geothermal locations in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> Munich. We will see a geothermal heat district supply, a geothermal<br />
power plant and a geothermal drill site location (depending on the actual project status). In the southern part <strong>of</strong> Germany<br />
geothermal conditions can be described as a hydrothermal sedimentary basin structure. The temperatures <strong>of</strong> the thermal<br />
water ranges from 80°C north <strong>of</strong> Munich to >145°C south <strong>of</strong> Munich, due to the fact that the depth <strong>of</strong> the carbonate reservoir<br />
at the bottom <strong>of</strong> the pre-orogenic Molasse-Basin increases towards the south. The geothermal gradient is in a normal range<br />
(±3°C/100m). The discharges <strong>of</strong> the wells in some cases are >100 l/s and mineralization <strong>of</strong> the water is extremely low (
Field Trip E17<br />
KTB Deep Drilling Site and Czech-Bavarian Geopark - Two Best Practice Examples <strong>of</strong> Geoscience<br />
outreach<br />
Departure: Thursday, September 8, Munich Main Train Station (München Hauptbahnh<strong>of</strong>)<br />
Return: Friday, September 9, Munich Main Train Station (München Hauptbahnh<strong>of</strong>)<br />
Cost: € 165; Maximum: 25 participants<br />
Included: Breakfast, lunch, dinner, Overnight stay<br />
Not Included: Drinks<br />
Sponsors: GEO-Zentrum an der KTB, Czech-Bavarian Geopark<br />
Difficulty: no hiking involved<br />
Leaders: Frank Holzförster, GEO-Zentrum an der KTB<br />
Andreas Peterek, Geopark Bayern-Böhmen<br />
Description<br />
The field trip focuses on the geoscience outreach <strong>of</strong> the Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB) which drilled two research<br />
boreholes <strong>of</strong> 4.000 and 9.101 m depth in northeastern Bavaria. From this project the ongoing ICDP-Research Program developed<br />
while the drilling location itself evolved to become the major Geoscience Outreach Center in Germany. Surrounding the<br />
tallest surface-bound drilling rig in the world, the GEO-Zentrum an der KTB involves almost 25.000 visitors per year in the<br />
technical challenges and geological aims <strong>of</strong> geoscience research. Schools from entire Bavaria use the locality for project-based<br />
learning. The children (K-12) use the learn-laboratory for experiments <strong>with</strong> rocks, soils and various models that illustrate parts<br />
<strong>of</strong> the system Earth.<br />
In the last years, the Czech-Bavarian Geopark developed around the drilling locality to document the geological wealth <strong>of</strong> the<br />
area, which forms the particular center <strong>of</strong> Europe. The border-crossing geopark stretches from the scarpland formed by Mesozoic<br />
sedimentary rocks in its western part to the uplifted, largely Palaeozoic Variscan basement rocks in its central and eastern<br />
part to the Cenozoic Eger (Ohre-) Rift <strong>with</strong> its young volcanoes and sediments in its central and northeastern part. With its<br />
educational program the geopark concentrates on the interconnection <strong>of</strong> the geological, cultural and industrial heritage <strong>of</strong> the<br />
region and its unique variety <strong>of</strong> famous geological, mineralogical and, palaeontological specialities.<br />
Further information: http://www.geozentrum-ktb.de<br />
Field Trip E19b<br />
500 Ma <strong>Geological</strong> Evolution - 800 years <strong>of</strong> Mining: Heritage, Vulnerability and Future <strong>of</strong> the Erzgebirge, Eastern Germany<br />
Departure: Thursday, September 8, 8:30, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Return: Sunday September 11, ~20:00, LMU Main Building, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich<br />
Cost: € 466; Maximum: 50 participants<br />
Included: Coach transfer from Munich to Dresden and back, entrance fees, lodging, breakfast<br />
Difficulty: easy hike<br />
Leaders:<br />
Description<br />
Helmuth Albrecht, Christoph Breitkreuz<br />
Jörg Matschullat, TU Bergakademie Freiberg<br />
The Erzgebirge is on the fringe <strong>of</strong> becoming a UNESCO World Heritage site on both the German and the Czech side. It’s enormous<br />
riches in various ores, in dense forests and in water still support the regional and local economy. At the same time, this<br />
area is the cradle <strong>of</strong> both modern mining and smelting – and related technologies (Georgius Agricola, 16th Century), and <strong>of</strong> the<br />
term “sustainability” (Hannß Carl von Carlowitz, 18th Century). The area has seen major devastation (16th and 17th Century,<br />
and again in the 20th Century due to very strong acidic deposition), and recovery. Today much is a nature reserve and the scenic<br />
towns recall both vivid memories from a rich cultural past and bare witness for a new rise after the fall <strong>of</strong> the Iron Curtain.<br />
Further information: http://www.montanregion-erzgebirge.de<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 35
Introduction<br />
Guest Program<br />
Dear conference participants and guests,<br />
Welcome to Munich, the world city <strong>with</strong> heart. As an ancient residence <strong>of</strong> secular and spiritual leaders, Munich <strong>of</strong>fers a whole<br />
series <strong>of</strong> sights, recreation facilities and shopping possibilities, which can be reached easily on foot or by public transportation.<br />
Also Munich’s surrounding countryside <strong>of</strong>fers many beautiful as well as many historic places <strong>of</strong> interest.<br />
Below you find proposals that will certainly <strong>of</strong>fer something for everyone’s taste. Where requested, we ask you to make an appropriate<br />
reservation, that we can inform our external service providers. In most cases, registration and payment will be carried<br />
out through our conference homepage according to special conditions we have negotiated <strong>with</strong> the service providers. We reserve<br />
the right to cancel <strong>of</strong>fers, if the minimum number <strong>of</strong> participants is not reached. Please be aware <strong>of</strong> the information about<br />
registration deadlines, cancellations and reimbursement <strong>of</strong> costs posted on our conference webpage (follow the link “Registration”).<br />
You can also book these trips directly through the homepages <strong>of</strong> our service providers if you prefer to join the trips at a<br />
different time or if you would like to organize them by yourself.<br />
“Weiße Rose” Memorial Site<br />
Please consider visiting the “Weiße Rose” (“White Rose”) memorial sites, located <strong>with</strong>in the atrium <strong>of</strong> the Ludwig-Maximilians-<br />
Universität main building, as well as outside the building at the “Geschwister-Scholl-Platz”. Together <strong>with</strong> her brother Hans<br />
Scholl, Christoph Probst and others, Sophie Scholl called on the German people for passive resistance against Hitler and the<br />
Nazis in 1942/43. The group <strong>of</strong> young students <strong>of</strong> the Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München (LMU) designed six leaflets<br />
under the name <strong>of</strong> the “Weiße Rose” (“White Rose”). The sixth and last <strong>of</strong> those leaflets would be their undoing, when they<br />
distributed it to the students on February 18th 1943 at the university. They were caught by the Gestapo and arrested. Sophie<br />
and Hans Scholl as well as Christoph Probst were executed in the afternoon <strong>of</strong> February 22nd 1943 by guillotine. The three<br />
resistance fighters still lie buried in the cemetery close to the “Perlacher Forst”. At the “Geschwister-Scholl-Platz”, in front <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität main building, you can still find the former leaflets embedded in the ground.<br />
(Source: Tourismusamt München, 2011)<br />
Tours<br />
L 1: Beer and Food Tour <strong>with</strong> Beer Tasting<br />
Time: Saturday, September 3, 18:00<br />
Duration: ca. 3.5 h<br />
Costs: 27 € per person; students and seniors 25 €<br />
Meeting point: Radius-Tours <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>with</strong>in Munich Central Station across track 32<br />
Provider: Radius-Tours (www.radiustours.com)<br />
Language: English<br />
Program:<br />
Learn more about the history <strong>of</strong> brewing on a guided tour through Munich’s Beer- and Oktoberfestmuseum. Taste the difference<br />
in a beer tasting. In the “H<strong>of</strong>bräukeller” restaurant you will strengthen yourself <strong>with</strong> a traditional snack. The tour will end<br />
in front <strong>of</strong> the “H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus München”. Numerous stories and anecdotes about the Bavarian lifestyle will be embedded in this<br />
culinary trip.<br />
L 2: Ghost Tour<br />
Time: Sunday, September 4, 21:00 (following the icebreaker party)<br />
Duration: ca. 2 h<br />
Costs: 12 € per person<br />
Meeting point: Lion sculptures in front <strong>of</strong> the “Feldherrnhalle” at the “Odeonsplatz”<br />
Provider: Weisser Stadtvogel München (www.weisser-stadtvogel.de)<br />
Language: available in English and German<br />
Program:<br />
Late in the evening, Alois, the night watchman in his traditional outfit, guides you through Munich’s historic downtown. Elaborately<br />
researched facts and enjoyable stories, sometimes quite rough, will be presented <strong>with</strong> inimitable charm. The night watchman<br />
will carry you <strong>of</strong>f into a long-forgotten world filled <strong>with</strong> life and fates. He knows all the secret paths and corners in this city.<br />
History becomes alive and feels like a first hand experience. Stops will be made at the “Alter Peter”, the old city hall, the old city<br />
gate, the “Alter H<strong>of</strong> ” and the “Frauenkirche” for example.<br />
L 3: Visit <strong>of</strong> the Wieskirche and the Royal Castles Neuschwanstein & Linderh<strong>of</strong><br />
Time: Monday, September 5, 8:10 a.m. (departure 8:30 a.m.)<br />
Duration: ca. 10.5 h<br />
Costs: 60 € per person including admission fees and packed lunch<br />
Meeting point: Fountain in front <strong>of</strong> the LMU main building at the “Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1”<br />
Provider: Busservice Watzinger GmbH & Co. KG (www.watzinger.de)<br />
Language: German and English<br />
36 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
Program:<br />
On the way to the castles, you will pass the medieval towns Landsberg am Lech and Steingaden, <strong>with</strong> a first stop to visit the<br />
Wieskirche. This baroque pilgrimage church was built in nine years, between 1745 and 1754. In 1983 it was declared a World<br />
Heritage Site the UNESCO.<br />
Afterwards the coach takes you to Hohenschwangau. From there it is a 30-minute-walk to the “fairytale castle” <strong>of</strong> King Ludwig<br />
II - Neuschwanstein. The monumental castle stands on a jagged cliff, towering 200 meters above the river valley. It first opened<br />
its doors to the public in 1886 - only seven weeks after King Ludwig II’s shrouded in mistery demise. The solitary monarch built<br />
the castle in 1868, because he wanted to have a place to <strong>with</strong>draw from public view.<br />
After a lunch break, you will visit Linderh<strong>of</strong>. This castle is the smallest <strong>of</strong> Ludwig’s three castles and is the only one that has ever<br />
been completed. Ludwig II loved this small castle and spent most <strong>of</strong> his time there.<br />
L 4: Guided Tour <strong>of</strong> the Historic Center <strong>of</strong> Munich and the King’s Palace<br />
Time: Tuesday, September 6, 9:30 a.m.<br />
Duration: ca. 3 h<br />
Costs: 11 € per person plus a 7 € entrance fee<br />
Meeting point: Mariensäule (Marian Column) at the “Marienplatz”<br />
Provider: Stattreisen München e.V. (www.stattreisen-muenchen.de)<br />
Language:<br />
Program:<br />
German and English<br />
Explore Munich’s historic center and the Residenz, the king’s palace. Munich’s city history started <strong>with</strong> the salt trade - but what<br />
happened next? During the walk through small, winding alleys you will pass hidden corners between “Petersbergl”, “Alter H<strong>of</strong> ”<br />
and “Frauenkirche”. You will be explained how the city developed into what it is now, and which events had an influence lasting<br />
until today. Munich’s history will be made alive, traditions and customs explained, stories about modern town planning and<br />
development told, and current subjects, every day life and, <strong>of</strong> course, about beer will have its place.<br />
Afterwards, you will visit the splendid living rooms in the king’s palace. Ludwig II, the unfortunate Bavarian King, whose 125th<br />
anniversary <strong>of</strong> his death will be remembered this year, spent many lonely hours in these chambers and in the adjacent opera<br />
house.<br />
L 5: Conference Dinner <strong>with</strong> Awards Ceremony at the H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus München<br />
Time: Tuesday, September 6, admission 18:00; start 18:45<br />
Duration: ca. 6 h<br />
Costs: Food is included in the conference registration fee (beverages not included)<br />
Meeting point: “H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus München”, 3rd floor “Festsaal” (15-30 min. walking distance from the LMU main building;<br />
5-10 min. walking distance from the MVV-station „Marienplatz“, see page 17)<br />
Provider: Geomunich2011 -Fragile Earth- Organizing Committee<br />
Program:<br />
Awards ceremony followed by the conference dinner <strong>with</strong>in the historic Festival Hall <strong>of</strong> the Münchner H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus.<br />
Built by Duke Wilhelm V in 1589, the historic banquet hall was among the sections <strong>of</strong> the H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus that suffered the most<br />
damage during World War II. After being completely renovated in 1958, it was again used for celebrations <strong>of</strong> all kinds, as it had<br />
been in previous decades.<br />
A special feature <strong>of</strong> the Festival Hall’s architecture is the large, vaulted ceiling <strong>with</strong> its predominantly pink and blue frescos <strong>of</strong><br />
Bavarian coats <strong>of</strong> arms. Since it rests on the outside walls, the vault was built <strong>with</strong>out columns despite its enormous weight. Very<br />
old charter flags <strong>of</strong> all Bavaria’s administrative districts flank the large arched windows. Equally decorative are the frescos on<br />
both rear walls <strong>with</strong> balustrades reminiscent <strong>of</strong> Venetian palazzos. Three 32-light chandeliers provide a harmonious finishing<br />
touch, underscoring the hall’s splendor. You will enjoy your meal on original carved H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus chairs; King Ludwig II himself<br />
may have already sat in.<br />
Designed to seat 700 people, the festival hall <strong>of</strong>fers an impressive backdrop for the traditional Bavarian dance and folklore. Fresh<br />
beer is served along <strong>with</strong> original Bavarian specialties from the H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus butchery.<br />
Registration: included <strong>with</strong>in the GeoMunich2011 registration fee for the first 600 registrations<br />
L 6: Romantische Straße (Romantic Road) – Medieval Rothenburg ob der Tauber & Harburg Castle<br />
Time: Wednesday, September 7th 2011; 8:10 (departure 8:30)<br />
Duration: ca. 10.5 h<br />
Costs: 44 € per person plus food, beverage and a 4 € entrance fee<br />
Meeting point: Karstadt travel agency opposite Munich Central Station<br />
Provider:<br />
Program:<br />
SIGHTseeing Gray Line und AutobusOberbayern GmbH<br />
Following the Romantic Road we first reach Harburg, one <strong>of</strong> the oldest, biggest and best-preserved castles <strong>of</strong> southern Germany,<br />
which was first mentioned at the end <strong>of</strong> the 11th century. Passing through the Swabian crater landscape passing Dinkelsbühl we<br />
arrive in Rothenburg, the best preserved medieval town in Europe. Time for sightseeing, lunch and shopping. Via the Hallertau,<br />
the world largest hop-growing area we return to Munich. (ATTENTION: This trip is not limited to a specific group <strong>of</strong> persons<br />
and can also be booked by anyone from the general public)<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 37
List <strong>of</strong> Exhibitors and Booth Locations<br />
Booth Company / Name<br />
Exhibitors<br />
Exhibit Hall Opening Hours: Monday-Wednesday 8:30-16:30<br />
A1 LMU Geology<br />
A6 PROGRESS - Potsdam Research Cluster for<br />
Georisk Analysis, Environmental Change and<br />
Sustainability<br />
A7 The <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong> (GSA)<br />
A8 Landesamt für Umwelt (LfU)<br />
B1 geo-Konzept GmbH<br />
B2 F.W. Breithaupt & Sohn<br />
B3 Springer Science+Business Media<br />
C2 GNS Science<br />
C4 Leica Geosystems GmbH<br />
C5 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften<br />
(DGG)<br />
C6 Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (GV)<br />
C7 GEO-data<br />
C8 ÖGS<br />
C9 Thermo Scientific Niton Analyzers<br />
C10 Fachsektion Hydrogeologie der Deutschen<br />
Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (FH-DGG)<br />
C11 BEAK Consultants<br />
C12 Schweizerbart - science publishers<br />
Exhibitor Descriptions<br />
PROGRESS Booth A6<br />
PROGRESS – Potsdam Research Cluster for Georisk Analysis,<br />
Environmental Change and Sustainability<br />
The importance <strong>of</strong> global and local impacts <strong>of</strong> global environmental<br />
change rises constantly and is expected to have a longlasting<br />
effect on future social life. For this reason, earth, climate<br />
and social scientists at the University <strong>of</strong> Potsdam together <strong>with</strong><br />
partner-institutions such as the Potsdam Institute for Climate<br />
Impact Research (PIK), the German Research Centre for Geosciences<br />
(GFZ), Leibniz-Institue for Regional Development<br />
and Structural Planning (IRS), Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI)<br />
and Film and Television University (HFF) engage in interdisciplinary<br />
research to develop joint approaches for identifying,<br />
handling and communicating geo- and climate risks.<br />
The research cluster PROGRESS focuses on the analysis <strong>of</strong> geo-<br />
and climate risks as well as knowledge transfer to political decision<br />
makers. From a political science and public policy perspective<br />
it is analyzed studies how national and transnational<br />
institutional arrangements in the Baltic Sea region affect the<br />
political process and policies which emerge in response to climate<br />
risk.<br />
The research project explores an analytical framework for the<br />
38 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Sponsors<br />
Beta Analytic<br />
BoTec Scheitza GmbH<br />
The Munich Show<br />
(Mineralientage München)<br />
Topcon<br />
governance <strong>of</strong> climate- and geo risks based on theoretical approaches<br />
<strong>of</strong> neo-institutionalism and network analysis. This<br />
framework will be empirically analyzed by a web-based survey<br />
and expert interviews. By combining best practice from the<br />
sample institutions, it will derive guidelines for the solution <strong>of</strong><br />
climate problems. Additionally, PROGRESS aims to educate<br />
executives by launching the training programs in the area <strong>of</strong><br />
GeoGovernance , which will strengthen the transfer <strong>of</strong> relevant<br />
knowledge.<br />
geo-konzept GmbH Booth B1<br />
Founded in 1992, geo-konzept GmbH <strong>of</strong>fers equipment and<br />
services for highly accurate 2D/3D laserscanning (e.g. face survey),<br />
GPS-based blast design and hole survey as well as awarded<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware for blast design and detonation planning. The technologies<br />
geo-konzept <strong>of</strong>fers, range from highly accurate 2D/3D<br />
laserscanning for face surveys, tailored s<strong>of</strong>tware for planning<br />
up to processing <strong>of</strong> geo-referenced data. The award-winning<br />
blast design s<strong>of</strong>tware Quarry6 and the detonation planning<br />
tool QuarryDetonator are especially designed for blast design.<br />
Together <strong>with</strong> their easy and fast borehole measuring <strong>with</strong><br />
hole probes, the whole process from planning, controlling,
executing and documenting your blasts is covered. Additional<br />
business segments are mobile GIS, remote sensing (e.g. multispectral<br />
aerial imaging and data processing), as well as highly<br />
accurate GPS for agricultural applications. Keywords are parallel<br />
guidance, steering assistance and automated steering.<br />
geo-konzept <strong>of</strong>fers you a large variety <strong>of</strong> products ranging from<br />
sophisticated GPS/GNSS technology, advanced remote sensing<br />
equipment to unrivaled laserscanning instruments.<br />
But instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fering bare products we rather create the complete<br />
solution you have been looking for. geo-konzept is your<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essional partner for all custom designed solutions, sensor<br />
fusing systems and innovative s<strong>of</strong>tware development. Additional<br />
business segments are precision farming, mobile GIS as<br />
well as related services.<br />
F�W� Breithaupt & Sohn Booth B2<br />
For more than 245 years the brand <strong>of</strong> BREITHAUPT worldwide<br />
has been the synonym for fine-mechanical-optical, optoelectronical<br />
and mechatronical instruments <strong>of</strong> top precision<br />
and outstanding quality “Made in Germany”. Our customers<br />
in more than 140 countries are engineers and scientists in the<br />
following domains: Surveying, topography, geology, mining/<br />
quarries, civil engineering, building construction, permanent<br />
way inspection, forestry, agriculture, water economy, airports,<br />
power supply, telecommunication, machine construction. In all<br />
these domains BREITHAUPT precision instruments are successfully<br />
being used to solve measuring tasks (angles, plains,<br />
distance).<br />
Springer Science+Business Media Booth B3<br />
(www.springer.com) is a leading global scientific publisher, delivering<br />
quality content through innovative information products<br />
and services. The company is also a trusted provider <strong>of</strong><br />
local-language pr<strong>of</strong>essional publications in Europe, especially<br />
in Germany and the Netherlands. In the science, technology<br />
and medicine (STM) sector, the group publishes around 2,000<br />
journals and more than 7,000 new books a year, as well as the<br />
largest STM eBook Collection worldwide. Springer has operations<br />
in about 20 countries in Europe, the USA, and Asia, and<br />
more than 5,500 employees.<br />
GNS Booth C2<br />
GNS Science is New Zealand’s earth sciences research institute,<br />
the Institute <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> & Nuclear Sciences (www.gns.cri.<br />
nz), focusing on geological resources, isotope biogeosciences,<br />
and natural hazards.<br />
We also do commercial work, and for over 50 years we have<br />
been providing analytical services to clients throughout the<br />
world <strong>with</strong> our Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory (www.rafterradiocarbon.co.nz),<br />
the worlds oldest continuously operating<br />
radiocarbon laboratory, and <strong>with</strong> our GNS stable and cosmogenic<br />
isotope labs.We also do groundwater analysis and water<br />
dating and even prepare high quality thin sections.<br />
Our clients benefit from dealing <strong>with</strong> a facility that retains all<br />
analyses <strong>with</strong>in our own site; is staffed <strong>with</strong> experienced and<br />
dedicated technicians operating modern equipment <strong>with</strong> scientists<br />
to provide stringent quality assurance; and has a tradition<br />
<strong>of</strong> scientific excellence and innovative thinking.<br />
Leica Geosystems – when it has to be right Booth C4<br />
With close to 200 years <strong>of</strong> experience pioneering solutions to<br />
measure the world, Leica Geosystems products and services are<br />
trusted by pr<strong>of</strong>essionals worldwide to help them capture, ana-<br />
lyze, and present spatial information. Leica Geosystems is best<br />
known for its broad array <strong>of</strong> products that capture accurately,<br />
model quickly, analyze easily, and visualize and present spatial<br />
information.<br />
Those who use Leica Geosystems products every day trust<br />
them for their dependability, the value they deliver, and the<br />
superior customer support. Based in Heerbrugg, Switzerland,<br />
Leica Geosystems is a global company <strong>with</strong> tens <strong>of</strong> thousands<br />
<strong>of</strong> customers supported by more than 3,500 employees in 28<br />
countries and hundreds <strong>of</strong> partners located in more than 120<br />
countries around the world. Leica Geosystems is part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Hexagon Group, Sweden.<br />
Thermo Fisher Niton Analyzers Booth C9<br />
Founded more than 20 years ago, we are the world’s leading<br />
producer <strong>of</strong> handheld x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzers, <strong>with</strong><br />
over 25,000 units installed worldwide. In addition to our headquarters<br />
in Billerica, Massachusetts, USA, we maintain <strong>of</strong>fices<br />
in Munich, Germany and Hong Kong, China.<br />
A culture <strong>of</strong> innovation and a distinguished history <strong>of</strong> breakthrough<br />
achievements have defined our instruments since we<br />
introduced the first handheld XRF analyzer in 1994.<br />
The company has been awarded numerous patents and has<br />
received many honors and awards, including three R&D 100<br />
Awards, most recently in 2008.<br />
Handheld Thermo Scientific Niton XRF analyzers provide you<br />
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We are committed to making the highest performance, easiest<br />
to use, most economical handheld analyzers in the world...to<br />
giving you the tools that help you work more productively than<br />
ever before...and to enabling you to make the world healthier,<br />
cleaner and safer.<br />
E� Schweizerbart—Science Publishers Booth C12<br />
E. Schweizerbart and its affiliate company Gebr. Borntraeger<br />
publish and distribute printed and electronic scholarly journals,<br />
book series and monographs. We are privately owned<br />
and operated by scientists, independent, and we do provide all<br />
services related to publishing and marketing scientific content<br />
worldwide in print and electronic form.<br />
Schweizerbart Science Publishers was founded by Emanuel<br />
Schweizerbart in 1826 as a publishing house <strong>with</strong> an emphasis<br />
on historical works. Shortly after its foundation, the program<br />
changed and Schweizerbart concentrated on publishing<br />
scholarly journals and books in the sciences, mainly Earth and<br />
environmental sciences, aquatic ecology, anthropology, medicine,<br />
zoology and plant science. Today, Schweizerbart publishes<br />
many scholarly journals, periodicals, series, books and monographs<br />
in the Earth and environmental Sciences, aquatic ecology,<br />
botany, anthropology and zoology.<br />
Gebr. Borntraeger publishers were founded by J. Nicolovius in<br />
Königsberg, Prussia in 1790. It has an active program in the<br />
Earth and environmental sciences. Later headquartered in Berlin,<br />
Gebr. Borntraeger became an affiliate company <strong>of</strong> E. Schweizerbart<br />
in 1967, moving its operation to Stuttgart.<br />
In 1986, Gebr. Borntraeger acquired the botanical books, periodicals<br />
and series <strong>of</strong> renowned J. Cramer publishing house in<br />
Lehre. J. Cramers botanical periodicals, books and series are<br />
actively pursued and extended under the J. Cramer imprint <strong>of</strong><br />
Gebr. Borntraeger, among them Dissertationes Botanicae, Bibliotheca<br />
Phycologica and many others.<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 39
LMU Main Building<br />
First Floor<br />
LMU Main Building<br />
Ground Floor<br />
Overview map<br />
LMU main building<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> Exhibitors and Booth Locations<br />
A1<br />
Lichth<strong>of</strong><br />
Information<br />
Registration<br />
Lecture rooms<br />
40 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Head o�ce<br />
B1<br />
Booths Ground Floor<br />
A8<br />
A7<br />
A6<br />
A 1 LMU Geology<br />
A 6 PROGRESS<br />
A 7 GSA<br />
A 8 LfU<br />
B 1 geo-konzept<br />
Booths First Floor<br />
B 3 Springer Verlag<br />
B 2 Breithaupt<br />
B3<br />
B2<br />
C9<br />
C5<br />
C10<br />
C6<br />
C2<br />
C 2 GNS Science<br />
C 4 Leica Geosystems GmbH<br />
C 5 DGG<br />
C 6 GV<br />
C 7 GEO-data GmbH<br />
C 8 ÖGS<br />
C 9 Thermo Fisher Niton Analyzers<br />
C 10 FH-DGG<br />
C11<br />
C7<br />
C 11 Beak Consultants GmbH<br />
C12<br />
C8<br />
C4<br />
C 12 Schweizerbart Verlag<br />
Poster Halls P3/P4<br />
Co�ee Break<br />
Main Entrance<br />
Poster Halls P1/P2<br />
E120 (Große Aula)<br />
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1<br />
exhibit hall opening hours:<br />
Monday-Wednesday 8:30-16:30
Sponsors<br />
The Munich Show (Mineralientage München)<br />
Europe’s top show for minerals, fossils and precious stones<br />
The Munich Show - Mineralientage München presents itself<br />
newly structured in four “worlds”. At the Mineralworld, Gemworld,<br />
Fossilworld and Stoneworld trade visitors and visitors are<br />
able to find the complete spectrum and fascinating diversity <strong>of</strong><br />
rare stones. For the 48th time the Munich Show - Mineralientage<br />
München unites around 1250 exhibitors from 56 nations.<br />
The trade show is dedicated this year entirely to Europe. In four<br />
exclusive, museum-like special exhibits the best-known minerals,<br />
fossils and precious stones from all over Europe are shown,<br />
such as the famous silver specimens from Kongsberg, Norway.<br />
The organizers are cooperating <strong>with</strong> the most renowned European<br />
museums - like the Natural History Museum London,<br />
Paris and Vienna - as well as <strong>with</strong> famous private collectors.<br />
Visitors will also able to see a special exhibit about the legendary<br />
and royal blue Wittelsbach Diamond, deeply connected to<br />
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the public - some for the very first time. The “European Classics”<br />
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from October 28 - 30, 2011.<br />
BoTec Scheitza GmbH<br />
Our company’s services range from design to CNC turning,<br />
metalworking and welding. We manufacture products on<br />
CNC lathes and milling machines as well as conventional machine<br />
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VENTOR” and “Auto-CAD”, after which the parts go straight<br />
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We manufacture everything to do <strong>with</strong> special purpose deep<br />
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Beta Analytic<br />
Beta Analytic is an ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accredited radiocarbon<br />
dating laboratory operating in conformance <strong>with</strong> ISO<br />
9001:2008 management system requirements. It has demonstrated<br />
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The company’s sole mission is to provide academic and industrial<br />
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Sydney, Australia; São Paulo, Brazil; Beijing, China; New Delhi,<br />
India; and Nagoya, Japan. Packages sent to these forwarding facilities<br />
are sent to Miami via overnight courier services at Beta<br />
Analytic’s expense.<br />
AUF TOUR – die neue Geo-Reihe!<br />
7 Geographisches Wissen in kompakter Form 7 Physio- und humangeographische<br />
Highlights 7 Reich illustriert mit vierfarbigen Fotos<br />
Die Bände ergänzen konventionelle Reiseführer und bieten interessante<br />
Information zu den spannenden Regionen und Ländern unserer Erde.<br />
2011. VI, 185 S. 132 Abb. in Farbe.<br />
ISBN 978-3-8274-2789-2<br />
7 € (D) 19,95 | € (A) 20,51<br />
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Planet voller<br />
Überraschungen / Our<br />
Surprising Planet<br />
Neue Einblicke in das System Erde<br />
/ New Insights into System Earth<br />
Hüttl, Reinhard<br />
In diesem Band gewähren Autoren<br />
des GeoForschungsZentrums<br />
faszinierende Einblicke in das<br />
hochkomplexe System Erde.<br />
2011. XVI, 320 S. 184 Abb. in Farbe.<br />
ISBN 978-3-8274-2470-9<br />
7 € (D) 49,95 | € (A) 51,35<br />
*sFr 67,00<br />
Bei Fragen oder Bestellung wenden Sie sich bitte an 7 Springer Customer Service Center<br />
GmbH, Haberstr. 7, 69126 Heidelberg 7 Telefon: +49 (0) 6221-345-4301<br />
7 Fax: +49 (0) 6221-345-4229 7 Email: orders-hd-individuals@springer.com 7 € (D) sind<br />
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geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 41
Understanding Natural Hazards –<br />
Coping <strong>with</strong> Global Change<br />
earth-in-progress.de<br />
Potsdam Research Cluster for Georisk Analysis, Environmental Change and Sustainability<br />
Außergewöhnliche Leistung – Leica TM30<br />
42 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
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geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 43
udieren Studieren am am Münchner G GeoZentrum<br />
oZentrum<br />
Münchner Das Münchner Geo GeoZentrum entrum ist einistZusammenschluss ein Zusammenschluss der der udwigLudwigimilians-Universität Maximilia s-Un versität Mü chen Mü chen und und der Tec der Technischen nischen Uni Univerersität Mü chen München im im er ich Bereich geowissenscha geowissenschaftlicher tlicher Leh eLehre und und orFornschung. .<br />
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Fachkompetenz kompetenz und und ie Infrastruktur die Infrastruktur von zwe von zwei der der esten besten Uni Univererensitäten Deu Deutschlands schlands nutzen nutzen kön können. en. Dadurch Dadurch steh steht Ihnen Ihnen ein ein rei breit<br />
chertes gefächertes und qualitativ und qualitativ hoc hochwertiges wertiges Angebot Angebot an orl an Vorlesungen,<br />
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ch verschiedener di edener renLab amLabore e die Münchner Mdieg Möglichkeit, chke t dieGeoZentrum die eowissens Geowissenschaften haf en nunptimalenter optimalen Bed ngungen Bedingungen st d studieren eren zu kön zu können. en.<br />
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per und n er die uc Erdoberfläche, ungen un Pr die no Auswirkungen e r Bio ive menschlicher si ä s und zu<br />
Geowissenschaftler/innen umfasst Themen von großer gesell Eingriffe<br />
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ftlicherauf B die de Umwelt tun wi und zu die Bei Entwicklung piel: des Lebens. Die Praxis<br />
von • Analyse Geowissenschaftler/innen von St<strong>of</strong>fkreisläuf umfasst n nd deren Themen us von irkungen großeragesell f<br />
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schaftlicher die natür giched Bedeutung Umwelt, i N R c ( B<br />
wie zum Beispiel:<br />
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•s hließung Erkundung und nachhaltige Nutzung von Ressourcen (z.B.<br />
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lli ung von ge geothe mischer e a Energie g rne<br />
nt • Erschließung und Sicherung von sauberem Trinkwasser,<br />
g. icklung neu r und Weitere wick ung vor andener<br />
erialien Nutzung von geothermischer Energie,<br />
rf • rschung Entwicklung von Naturg neuer fahr und Weiterentwicklung wie Erdbeben V kanaus vorhandener<br />
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o• Erforschung nter uchung von nd Naturgefahren eologische Begle wie tung Erdbeben, gro eVulkanaus Bau<br />
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n• Voruntersuchung suchungen nd Prognosen und geologische zur Biodiversitäts- Begleitung und großer zu Bauprojekte<br />
aentwi k(wie ungz.B.<br />
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n• Untersuchungen e von St<strong>of</strong>fkreisl und fen Prognosen und deren zurAuswi Biodiversitäts- kungen und uf zur<br />
Klimaentwicklung,<br />
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n• Analyse rsuchun von n St<strong>of</strong>fkreisläufen r Umwe tversc und mut deren un nd Auswirkungen Umwe tsa auf<br />
die ng natürliche owie Umwelt,<br />
•t Untersuchungen itengestützte Beob zur Umweltverschmutzung chtungs erfahren zur Fernerkun und Umweltsanierung<br />
sowie<br />
• satellitengestützte Beobachtungsverfahren zur Fernerkundung.<br />
Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge<br />
am Münchner GeoZentrum<br />
44 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Weshalb Geowissenschaften studieren?<br />
• Sind Sie interessiert an den Vorgängen in und auf der Erde,<br />
an ihrer Entwicklung und der Entstehung des Lebens auf<br />
ihr?<br />
• Möchten Sie wissen, welche Kräfte im Inneren der Erde<br />
schlummern, wie Gebirge entstehen oder wie sich die Fauna<br />
und Flora auf der Erde im Laufe von Jahrmillionen verändert<br />
hat?<br />
• Sind Sie von Naturgewalten wie z.B. Erdbeben, Vulkanen<br />
oder Bergstürzen fasziniert und wollen wissen, wie sie entstehen<br />
und wir Menschen ihnen begegnen können?<br />
• Oder interessieren Sie sich für Minerale, Kristalle und wie<br />
manlneue GMaterialien i entwickelt? haf ?<br />
• Vielleicht möchten Sie auch lernen, woher der Mensch seine<br />
Si Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe S e unde sauberes r Wasser en gbezieht g n oder wie a er den r Un- de<br />
an tergrund ihre Entwicklung für Bauwerke nerkundet, er E um s sicher ung es zu Leben gehen, dass a<br />
diese hr auf Jahre hinweg Bestand haben.<br />
In all diesen schlummern Fällen entscheiden wie GebirgeSie en sich stehen amoder Besten wiefür sich eind Studium e Fauna<br />
der Geowissenschaften und Flora a f deramE Münchner de im Laufe GeoZentrum! von Jahrm<br />
Ziele und Inhalte des Studiums<br />
Der Bachelorstudiengang mit dem Abschluss „Bachelor <strong>of</strong><br />
Science“ ist der erste berufsqualifizierende Abschluss. Er ist Voraussetzung<br />
für ein Masterstudium in den Geowissenschaften. Mit<br />
erfolgreichem Abschluss des Masterstudiums wird der akademische<br />
Grad „Master <strong>of</strong> Science“ erworben, der äquivalent zu dem<br />
bisherigen Diplomabschluss ist. Die LMU und TU München bieten<br />
gemeinsam einen Bachelorstudiengang und vier Masterstudiengänge<br />
an:<br />
• Bachelor Geowissenschaften: Grundlagen der Naturwissenschaften,<br />
Mathematik und Geowissenschaften, sowie erste<br />
Vertiefungen in Richtung Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik,<br />
• Master Geologische Wissenschaften: Vertiefung in Allgemeiner<br />
Geologie, Ressourcengeologie, Umweltgeologie<br />
oder Paläontologie,<br />
• Master Geomaterialien und Geochemie: Spezialisierung u.a.<br />
in Kristallographie, Materialwissenschaften, Vulkanologie<br />
und Isotopengeochemie ist möglich,<br />
• Master Ingenieur- und Hydrogeologie: Spezialisierung in<br />
Ingenieurgeologie, Hydrogeologie, Geothermie, Bodenund<br />
Felsmechanik, Technischer Gesteinskunde,<br />
• Master Geophysics: Vertiefung in verschiedenen Teilbereichen<br />
der Geophysik, beispielsweise Geodynamik, Seismologie<br />
oder Paläo- und Geomagnetismus.
Bewerbung und Einschreibung<br />
Das Studium am Münchner Geozentrum kann nur im Wintersemester<br />
begonnen werden.<br />
Bachelor Geowissenschaften<br />
Der Bachelorstudiengang Geowissenschaften ist ein Studiengang<br />
mit Eignungsfeststellungsverfahren. Die Bewerbung und<br />
Einschreibung erfolgt an der Technischen Universität München<br />
(TUM). Sie sind aber sowohl an der LMU als auch an der TU München<br />
immatrikuliert, denn das Studium wird von beiden Universitäten<br />
gemeinsam durchgeführt. Bitte bewerben Sie sich online in der<br />
Zeit vom 15. Mai bis spätestens zum 15. Juli bei der TUM unter:<br />
http://portal.mytum.de/studium/onlinebewerbung<br />
Nach erfolgreichem Durchlaufen des Eignungsfeststellungsverfahrens<br />
erfolgt die Immatrikulation in den Bachelorstudiengang Geowissenschaften.<br />
Master Ingenieur- und Hydrogeologie<br />
Beratungsmöglichkeiten<br />
Fachstudienberatung:<br />
stens zum 15. Juli bei der TU Mas<br />
Bachelor l ufe des Geowissenschaften<br />
ign gsfe t Geom t l n<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong> la ionDr. in den Guntr Bachelorstu m Jordanp<br />
Dr nga ysics Michael g Geo Rieder<br />
dMaster Geochemie, Geomaterialien Mas und er Geochemie eo-<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Guntram Jordan<br />
Theresienstr. 41, Zi. 207<br />
jordan@lmu.de<br />
Arcisstr. 21, Zi. 3413<br />
e M s<br />
rieder@tum.de<br />
Theresienstr. 41, Zi. 207<br />
g s zen<br />
jordan@lmu.de<br />
u y l sc i e F<br />
Master Geologische Wissenschaften<br />
D<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Hy Dr. rogeologie Bettina ist Reichenbacher ei Stu<br />
ung<br />
ien<br />
z<br />
ahre Richard-Wagner-Str. . Bitte bew rben10, in Zi. e<br />
der 006 ch<br />
j<br />
kan b.reichenbacher@lrz.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Thuro. Die oraussetzunge<br />
e g o g ntsc e<br />
Master Ingenieur- und Hydrogeologie<br />
5 hl d Z l<br />
Bitte Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. nfo Kurosch miere Thuro ie sich(Studiendekan) diesbezüglich<br />
Arcisstr. rd u g 21, Zi. 3421<br />
thuro@tum.de<br />
ng Master Ingenieur- Geomaterialien u Hydroge und logi Geochemie (si h<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Guntram Jordan<br />
Theresienstr. 41, Zi. 207<br />
jordan@lmu.de<br />
Aufbau eratungsmöglichkeit<br />
des Studiums<br />
Bachel achstudi r<br />
Das achelor Bachelorstudium Geowissensch dauert f sechs en Semester und beinhaltet neben<br />
Vorlesungen und Übungen auch zahlreiche Laborpraktika und Ge-<br />
r . G m a D l<br />
ländeübungen. Der Abschluss ist praxisorientiert. Innerhalb der<br />
e i r. i<br />
. 1 Z 1<br />
einzelnen Vertiefungsrichtungen sind Spezialisierungen möglich.<br />
r @ m<br />
ie er@<br />
Das Studium ist wie folgt aufgebaut:<br />
1. Jahr Grundlagen in Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik<br />
2. Jahr<br />
W<br />
enbac 3. Jahr<br />
sowie<br />
i<br />
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Datenverarbeitung, Wahlpflichtfächer in Geowissen-<br />
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schaften, Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften<br />
Vertiefung lrz.uni muenc Geowissenschaften en e (Geologie, Mineralogie<br />
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Die rda vier @lmu Master de sind jeweils als viersemestrige, konsekutive Studiengänge<br />
aufgebaut:<br />
Der Master Ingenieur- und Hydrogeologie ist ein Studiengang mit<br />
Eignungsfeststellungsverfahren. Bitte bewerben Sie sich bis zum<br />
15. Mai beim Studiendekan Pr<strong>of</strong>. Thuro. Die Voraussetzungen<br />
zur Bewerbung und zum Eignungsfeststellungsverfahren finden Sie<br />
Master Geologische Wissenschaften<br />
D K T i d )<br />
r1. Sem. 1 Grundlagen Geologie und Paläontologie<br />
2. t mSemde Wahlpflichtfächer und Geländekurse<br />
3. Sem. Module: Tektonik, Umwelt und Paläontologie<br />
in der Fachprüfungsordnung Ingenieur- und Hydrogeologie (siehe<br />
www.geo.tum.de/studium) Bewerbung Die Immatrikulation underfolgt Eins an der h TU ei<br />
München.<br />
4. Sem. Masterarbeit<br />
G<br />
r<strong>of</strong>. Master Dr Geomaterialien einer Igel g<br />
und Geochemie<br />
ter b onne werden.<br />
Master Geologische Wissenschaften, Master<br />
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physics<br />
Die drei Masterstudiengänge gang setzen mi E einen nungs Bachelorabschluss eststellungsverfahre in<br />
den Geowissenschaften Einsc oder in re einem ung er relevanten olgt an der naturwissen-<br />
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schaftlichem Fach voraus. (TUM). Je nachSie Prüfungsordnung sind ab r sowohl entscheidet an der LMU ab als<br />
einem Durchschnitt von 2,5 chene immatrikuliert, Auswahlgespräch denn as über Studium die Zulas- wird<br />
sung zum Masterstudium. ten Bitte gemeinsam informieren durc Sie ge ührt. sich diesbezüglich<br />
Bitte bewerben<br />
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4 Sem. Masterarbeit da @lmu.d<br />
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Ge l g e<br />
UMaster Mün- Ingenieur- und Hydrogeologie<br />
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Sem. Ingenieur- und Hydrogeologie, Boden- und Fels-<br />
t ß 27 chard 1 8Wa<br />
ner Str 10 Zi 00<br />
mechanik, Hangbewegungen, Technische Gesteinskunde,<br />
kon akt/zs nb c r@lr i e c d<br />
Industrieminerale, Numerische Mo-<br />
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dellierung, GIS, Regionale Geologie<br />
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Master Geophysics<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Heiner Igel<br />
Theresienstr. 41, Zi. 440<br />
heiner.igel@lmu.de<br />
Master Geophysics her<br />
orta myt m de/s udium<br />
1. Sem. Grundlagen Mathematik, Physik, Geophysik<br />
e2. &nform 3. Sem. nen Werkzeuge, Vertiefung: Geodynamik, Seismo-<br />
a t findge ie S e unter: nd Hyd g l<br />
logie oder Paläo- und Geomagnetismus sowie<br />
<strong>of</strong> Wahlpflichtfächer<br />
w Dr. gKurosch o l T<br />
21 4 Sem. Zi cisstr. Masterarbeit 21, Zi<br />
Studiengangskoordination<br />
Jana Holupirek<br />
Theresienstr. 41, Zi 404<br />
jana.holupirek@lmu.de<br />
Zentrale Studienberatung LMU München<br />
Ludwigstraße 27/I., Zi. G118<br />
www.lmu.de/Studium/kontakt/zsb<br />
Allgemeine Studienberatung TU München<br />
Arcisstr. 21<br />
portal.mytum.de/studium/infobuero<br />
weitere Informationen finden Sie unter:<br />
www.geo.tum.de oder www.geo.lmu.de<br />
geoMunich2011: k<br />
Le rstuhl September für Ing 4-7, n eurge 2011, Munich, logie UM) germany 45 M
Field work at the Untermaubach trench, Lower Rhine Embayment, NW Germany, Project funded by DFG,<br />
pictures by Simon Kübler, PhD student at LMU Geology.<br />
46 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
Field work <strong>with</strong> terrestrial laser scanners in the western US and in the Swiss Alps, pictures by Ramona<br />
Baran, PhD student at LMU Geology.<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 47
Field work in the Tertiary Hills <strong>of</strong> the Bavarian Molasse basin; Markus H<strong>of</strong>fmann, PhD student at LMU Geology.<br />
48 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
LMU Geology undergraduate and graduate students in the field.<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 49
(At the time <strong>of</strong> going to press.)<br />
Participants by Country<br />
Country No� <strong>of</strong><br />
Participants<br />
Australia 9<br />
Austria 27<br />
Belgium 3<br />
Canada 1<br />
Colombia 1<br />
Croatia 2<br />
Czech Republic 1<br />
Denmark 2<br />
Egypt 3<br />
Finland 1<br />
France 4<br />
Germany 301<br />
Great Britain 7<br />
India 2<br />
Iran 3<br />
Ireland 1<br />
Italy 6<br />
Japan 2<br />
Jordan 1<br />
Luxembourg 1<br />
Morocco 1<br />
Netherlands 5<br />
Nigeria 1<br />
Norway 8<br />
Oman 1<br />
Panama 2<br />
Russia 1<br />
Sierra Leone 1<br />
Slovakia 1<br />
Slovenia 2<br />
Spain 2<br />
Sweden 1<br />
Switzerland 10<br />
Taiwan 3<br />
Turkey 1<br />
Ukraine 1<br />
United States 35<br />
total 454<br />
Statistics<br />
50 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Program<br />
<strong>Abstracts</strong> submitted 417<br />
- Oral Presentations 263<br />
- Posters 154<br />
Sessions 45<br />
- Oral Sessions 27<br />
- Poster Sessions 18<br />
Workshops 7<br />
Field Trips 18
GeoMunich2011 - Participants by Country<br />
Countries <strong>of</strong> conference organizers<br />
5 or more participants<br />
2-4 participants<br />
1 participant<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 51
3<br />
2<br />
space<br />
4<br />
Global<br />
Fragile Earth<br />
time<br />
Regional<br />
52 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Images courtesy <strong>of</strong>: (1) P. Bunge, (2) D. Müller, (3, 4) A. Friedrich<br />
Local<br />
1<br />
space
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 53
Biergarten am<br />
Chines. Turm<br />
LMU<br />
Geschwister-<br />
Scholl-Pl.<br />
Ludwig-<br />
Maximilians-<br />
Universität<br />
Heß-<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
54<br />
154,N43<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
Schelling-<br />
Str.<br />
str.<br />
Str.<br />
Innenstadt-Plan<br />
Englischer<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>.-<br />
Huber-<br />
Pl. Georgianum<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
Theresien-<br />
Neue<br />
Pinakothek<br />
Monopteros<br />
Steinheilstr.<br />
Dachauer<br />
Linprun-<br />
Eisbach<br />
154<br />
str.<br />
TAXI<br />
St.<br />
Ludwig<br />
str.<br />
Amalien-<br />
str.<br />
Technische<br />
Garten<br />
U3,U6<br />
Mineralog.<br />
Staatssammlung<br />
Mus. “Reich d.<br />
Kristalle”<br />
100<br />
Universität<br />
Alte<br />
Pinakothek<br />
TAXI<br />
U1<br />
Bay.<br />
Staatsbibliothek<br />
TAXI<br />
Museum<br />
Brandhorst<br />
Paläontol.<br />
Museum<br />
Löwenbräu- P<br />
keller<br />
Münchner<br />
Volkstheater<br />
Stiglmaierplatz<br />
TAXI<br />
Rottmannstr.<br />
Schleißheimer<br />
Str.<br />
Lerchenfeld- str.<br />
Dianastr.<br />
Oettingen-<br />
Walter-<br />
Klingenbeck-Weg<br />
Pinakothek<br />
der Moderne<br />
Ägypt. Mus.<br />
(i. Bau)<br />
Städt. Gal. im<br />
Lenbachhaus<br />
(geschlossen<br />
bis 2012)<br />
Karl-<br />
Riedlstr.<br />
str.Arcis- str.<br />
Sand-<br />
Emil- Riedel-<br />
Theresienstr.<br />
Glyptothek<br />
Paradies- str.<br />
Kaulbach-<br />
Königspl. Propyläen<br />
Kunstbau<br />
U1<br />
Herzog-Max-<br />
Palais<br />
Fürstenstr.<br />
Amalienstr.<br />
str. Türken-<br />
Luisen-<br />
Barer<br />
Mus. f. Abgüsse<br />
Klass. Bildw.<br />
Arcis-<br />
Münchner<br />
Theater für<br />
Kinder<br />
str.<br />
U2<br />
Rosen-<br />
Japanisches<br />
Teehaus<br />
Karl-<br />
Brauereimuseum<br />
buschstr.<br />
Oettingenstr.<br />
Schönfeld- str.<br />
Eisbach<br />
P<br />
Haus der Kunst<br />
P TAXI<br />
Karolinen-<br />
Börse<br />
Obelisk<br />
platz<br />
Staatl.<br />
Antiken-<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
Lerchenfeldstr.<br />
Hahnenstr.<br />
Prinz-Ludwig-Str.<br />
Gabelsberger-str.<br />
Nymphenburger<br />
N40<br />
Str.<br />
str. Augusten-<br />
Str.<br />
100<br />
N<br />
27,N27<br />
Brienner<br />
0 100 200 300 400m<br />
Str.<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
Königin-<br />
Miller- Ring<br />
Brienner<br />
SiemensForum<br />
sammlungen<br />
Staatl. Graph.<br />
Sammlung<br />
P<br />
Dt. Theatermus.<br />
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Bonifaz<br />
P<br />
Bayerischer<br />
Rundfunk<br />
Archäolog.<br />
Staatssammlung<br />
P<br />
Augustiner-<br />
Biergarten<br />
P<br />
Bay.<br />
Nationalmus.<br />
Dianatempel<br />
Odeonspl.<br />
Wittelsbacherpl.<br />
Pl. der<br />
Opfer des<br />
Nationalsoz.<br />
Widenmayer-<br />
Am<br />
Gries<br />
TAXI<br />
Katharina-von- Bora- Str.<br />
Augusten-<br />
Mars-<br />
Von- der- Tann- Str.<br />
Ludwig-<br />
Türken-<br />
Denis-<br />
Str.<br />
Crusiusstr.<br />
100<br />
Dachauer<br />
Galerie- str.<br />
N40<br />
Oskar-von-<br />
Str.<br />
100 100<br />
17<br />
str.<br />
Schackgalerie<br />
H<strong>of</strong>garten<br />
TAXI<br />
IHK<br />
Sophiensaal<br />
P<br />
Staatskanzlei<br />
Feldherrnhalle<br />
Theatinerk.<br />
Maximilians-<br />
platz<br />
Max- Joseph-Str.<br />
str. Karl-<br />
str.<br />
Luisen- str.<br />
Hopfenstr.<br />
Herbststr.<br />
str.<br />
Barer<br />
U4,U5<br />
Literaturhaus<br />
P<br />
Wittelsbacher<br />
Brunnen<br />
Kinder- u.<br />
Jugendmus.<br />
S<br />
P<br />
Lenbachpl.<br />
TAXI<br />
Alter<br />
Botanischer<br />
Garten<br />
Neptun-<br />
Elisenh<strong>of</strong><br />
brunnen<br />
P<br />
ZOB<br />
Herkulessaal<br />
Samml.<br />
Ägypt.<br />
Kunst<br />
Museum<br />
H<strong>of</strong>garten-<br />
Str.<br />
str.<br />
Wagmüllerstr.<br />
Bruder- str.<br />
Prinzregenten- str.<br />
Fr.-J.-Strauß-Ring<br />
N40<br />
20,N20,21<br />
str.<br />
Seidl-<br />
17,N17<br />
16<br />
Brienner Str.<br />
N40<br />
Arnulf-<br />
Sophien-<br />
Hirtenstr.<br />
Arcostr.<br />
Elisen-<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
Arnulf-<br />
Luitpoldbrücke<br />
Oettingen-<br />
str.<br />
Salvator-<br />
N40<br />
str.<br />
Starnberger<br />
Bf.<br />
str.<br />
Liebig-<br />
WC<br />
P<br />
Bahnh<strong>of</strong>pl.<br />
TAXI<br />
TAXI<br />
S Polizei<br />
Hauptbahnh<strong>of</strong><br />
St.<br />
Anna<br />
Justizpalast<br />
Künstlerhs.<br />
TAXI P P<br />
S KarlsBürger- Karlspl. torsaalk.<br />
(Stachus)<br />
St. Michael<br />
P<br />
Holzkirchner<br />
Bf.<br />
Isar<br />
P<br />
TAXI<br />
P<br />
P<br />
Regierung v.<br />
Oberbayern<br />
WC<br />
U4,U5<br />
TAXI<br />
P P<br />
P<br />
P<br />
TAXI<br />
P<br />
P<br />
U1,U2<br />
Max II<br />
Denkm.<br />
TAXI<br />
Staatl.<br />
Museum für<br />
Völkerkunde<br />
16, 17, N17,18 27, N27<br />
TAXI<br />
P<br />
Maximilianeum<br />
Bayerischer<br />
Landtag<br />
Praterinsel<br />
St.-Pauls-<br />
K.<br />
Asamkirche<br />
Maximilians-<br />
Alpines<br />
Museum<br />
St.<br />
Lukas<br />
anlagen<br />
Isar<br />
Cuvilliés- Max-Planck-<br />
Residenz theater Inst.<br />
“Fünf<br />
Höfe”<br />
Schatz-<br />
Hypo-<br />
P kammer<br />
Theater<br />
Kunsthalle Max- Residenz- im Marstall<br />
Joseph- theater<br />
TAXI<br />
Pl. Staatsoper<br />
P<br />
TAXI<br />
TAXI<br />
“Maximilianhöfe”Frauen-<br />
Alte<br />
TAXI<br />
Jagdpl. Münze<br />
Marienh<strong>of</strong><br />
Am<br />
mus.<br />
Kosttor<br />
TAXI<br />
Frauen-<br />
Alter H<strong>of</strong><br />
Kammer-<br />
Neues<br />
kirchespiele<br />
Rathaus<br />
(Dom)<br />
H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus<br />
WC<br />
P<br />
TAXI<br />
S<br />
P<br />
TAXI<br />
Altes<br />
Spielzeug- Raths.<br />
Polizei<br />
mus.<br />
TAXI<br />
P<br />
St. Peter<br />
TAXI Peterspl. Hlg.-<br />
TAXI Geist-K.<br />
LöwenturmViktualienmarkt<br />
Bier- u.<br />
Isartor<br />
Münchner<br />
Oktoberfest-<br />
Stadtmus.<br />
mus. Valentin-Isartor<br />
Synagoge<br />
Karlstadt- platz<br />
Jüd. Mus.<br />
Mus. TAXI<br />
St.-Jakobs- Schrannenhalle<br />
Pl.<br />
P S<br />
P<br />
TAXI<br />
str.<br />
Otto-<br />
St.- Anna-<br />
str.<br />
Mar-<br />
stall-<br />
platz<br />
Pacellistr.<br />
Prielmayer-<br />
Promenadepl.<br />
str.<br />
Rob.-<br />
Kard.-Faulhaber-Str.<br />
str.<br />
58<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
Tattenbachstr.<br />
Trift- str.<br />
Seitz-<br />
Maxburgstr.<br />
Reitmor-<br />
Thierschpl.<br />
Gewürz-<br />
Bürkleinstr.<br />
Karl-Scharnagl-<br />
19 N19<br />
19,N19<br />
Residenz-<br />
Theatiner-<br />
Herzog-Max-<br />
Str.<br />
58<br />
Maffeistr.<br />
Schützen- str.<br />
Koch- Str.<br />
Str.<br />
graben<br />
Löwengrube<br />
Ettstr.<br />
str.<br />
Bayer-<br />
Maximilian-<br />
Schäfflerstr.<br />
mühl- str.<br />
Thierschstr.<br />
Pfarrstr.<br />
H<strong>of</strong>-<br />
Spa rkassen- str.<br />
Schlosserstr.<br />
Zweigstr.<br />
Pfisterstr.<br />
str.<br />
Weinstr.<br />
Augustiner-<br />
Liebfrauenstr.<br />
Herzog-<br />
Widenmayer-<br />
Adolf- Kolping- Str.<br />
Stern-<br />
str.<br />
Platzl<br />
str.<br />
Hildegard-<br />
Diener-<br />
Färber-<br />
Herzog-<br />
Burgstr.<br />
spitalstr.<br />
Senefelderstr.<br />
Altheimer Eck<br />
Neuhauser Kaufingerstr.<br />
Schiller- str.<br />
Mitterer- str.<br />
str.<br />
Marienplatz<br />
Deutsches<br />
Theater<br />
Hochbrücken- str.<br />
Hotterstr.<br />
Damenstiftstr.<br />
Goethe-<br />
Inst.<br />
Ledererstr.<br />
Rosenstr.<br />
Herzog-<br />
str.<br />
Bräuhs.-str.<br />
(Umbau bis 2012)<br />
str.<br />
St.-Pauls-<br />
Platz<br />
.<br />
r<br />
t<br />
s<br />
-<br />
r<br />
h<br />
e<br />
w<br />
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L<br />
Marienstr.<br />
Tal<br />
Rosen-<br />
Brunnstr.<br />
Mariannenplatz<br />
Adelgundenstr.<br />
Knöbel-<br />
Stollberg-<br />
graben<br />
Herrnstr.<br />
Rindermarkt<br />
Str.<br />
Josephspitalstr.<br />
str.<br />
str. -<br />
Landwehr<br />
Hackenstr.<br />
str.<br />
anger<br />
Goethe<br />
Inst.<br />
Sendlinger<br />
Willhelm- Str.<br />
Mathilden-<br />
tal<br />
Kreuzstr.<br />
-<br />
r<br />
e<br />
d<br />
e<br />
i<br />
r<br />
Willhelm- Str.<br />
Pauls- Str.<br />
Westen-<br />
Georg-Hirth-<br />
Platz<br />
St.-<br />
Pettenk<strong>of</strong>er-<br />
Petten- k<strong>of</strong>erstr.<br />
Wiener<br />
Pl.<br />
Uhlandstr.<br />
H<strong>of</strong>bräukeller<br />
Kabelsteg<br />
Thiersch-<br />
Prälat- Zistl- Str.<br />
Ober-<br />
Sendl. Tor<br />
str.<br />
Kliniken der LMU<br />
TAXI<br />
str.<br />
Sendlinger-Tor-<br />
Platz<br />
str.<br />
Lessingstr.<br />
Muffathalle<br />
Ländstr.<br />
Liebherrstr.<br />
Goethe- Goethe- str.<br />
Paul-Heyse- Str.<br />
str.<br />
18,19,N19<br />
Bayer-<br />
16,17,N17,18, 20,N20,21<br />
Isarradweg<br />
19,N19<br />
Ring<br />
Str.<br />
Sonnen-<br />
.<br />
r<br />
t<br />
s<br />
-<br />
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l<br />
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Max-<br />
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Hermann-Lingg- Str.<br />
str.<br />
Str.<br />
str.<br />
Planck-<br />
Thomas-Wimmer-Ring<br />
58<br />
19,N19<br />
N40<br />
132<br />
52<br />
152<br />
152<br />
Bavaria-<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
17<br />
Frauen-<br />
str.<br />
18,N17<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
Rumford-<br />
Stein-<br />
Innere Wiener Str.<br />
Steinsdorf-<br />
str.<br />
Am<br />
Einlass<br />
Roßmarkt<br />
Theresien-<br />
P<br />
St. Matthäus<br />
Nussbaum-str.<br />
Schiller-<br />
str.<br />
Eggernstr.<br />
P<br />
Müllersches<br />
Vater- Volksbad<br />
Rhein-Br.<br />
P<br />
Reichenbachpl.<br />
Corne- lius-<br />
Feuerwehrmuseum<br />
An der<br />
Haupt-<br />
P<br />
Beethovenpl.<br />
str.<br />
TAXI<br />
TAXI<br />
wiese<br />
Preysingpl.<br />
-<br />
g<br />
n<br />
i<br />
s<br />
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e<br />
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P<br />
Stubenvollstr.<br />
U3,U6<br />
TAXI<br />
Deutsches<br />
Patent- und<br />
Markenamt<br />
Morassi- str.<br />
Aventinstr.<br />
Klenze-<br />
Kaiser-<br />
Beethoven-<br />
Baaderplatz<br />
Buttermelcherstr.<br />
str.<br />
Blumen-<br />
Unt. Anger<br />
Blumen-<br />
str.<br />
Gärtnerplatz<br />
Müller-<br />
Marionettentheater<br />
Müller-<br />
Ludwig-<br />
Polizei<br />
Gasteig-<br />
Kulturzentrum<br />
P Philharmonie<br />
Zentralbibliothek<br />
U1,U2<br />
Keller-<br />
TAXI<br />
Ev. Ref. K.<br />
Forum<br />
Staatstheater<br />
am Gärtnerplatz<br />
Stephanspl.<br />
Augsburgerstr.<br />
Platz<br />
str.<br />
Museumsinsel<br />
(Festwiese)<br />
Europ. Patentamt<br />
Kohl- str.<br />
Baader-<br />
str.<br />
P<br />
Steinstr.<br />
TAXI<br />
Haydnstr.<br />
Schubertstr.<br />
P<br />
Lilienstr.<br />
Zeppelinstr.<br />
Deutsches<br />
Museum<br />
TAXI TAXI<br />
Reichen- bach-<br />
feuerwache<br />
Ziemssenstr.<br />
Rückertstr.<br />
Pütrichstr.<br />
str.<br />
str.<br />
Klenzestr.<br />
Holzstr.<br />
Pestalozzistr.<br />
Goethe- str.<br />
Herzog- Heinrich- Str. Paul-Heyse- Str.<br />
str.<br />
Am Gasteig<br />
Zweibrücken- str.<br />
17,N17,18<br />
152,N40<br />
Str.<br />
52,152<br />
17,N17,18<br />
Ludwigs- brücke<br />
132<br />
18,<br />
N17<br />
ring<br />
Erhardt- str.<br />
Thalkirchner<br />
N40<br />
58<br />
Rosenheimer Str.<br />
17,N17,18,27,N27<br />
152<br />
Lindwurm-<br />
Fraunh<strong>of</strong>erstr.<br />
152<br />
27,N27<br />
Esperantoplatz
Gipfelkonferenz auf der Zugspitze zum Thema<br />
“Fragile Earth — Chancen und Risiken”<br />
Podiumsdiskussion mit<br />
Dr. Wolfgang Heubisch, dem bayerischen Minister für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst<br />
und international renommierten Geowissenschaftlern<br />
zu den Themen<br />
Japan-Erdbeben und Tsunami sowie die Energieressourcen der Zukunft.<br />
Donnerstag, den 8� September, 11:00 bis 12:30 Uhr<br />
Es ist die Buchung von Gruppenfahrkarten für Zug und Seilbahn möglich:<br />
Abfahrt München Hbf um 7:30 Uhr. Nähere Informationen am „Information & Registration Desk”.<br />
Up for a trip to the Zugspitze?<br />
Join the summit discussion<br />
“Fragile Earth -<br />
Chancen und Risiken”<br />
Thursday, September 8, 2011<br />
Meet the Bavarian Minister <strong>of</strong> Sciences, Research and the<br />
Arts, Dr. Wolfgang Heubisch, and a panel <strong>of</strong> geoscientists.<br />
Get train and cable car tickets at the<br />
Information and Registration Desk!<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 55
GeoMunich2011 - Field Trip Guide<br />
edited by Sara Carena, Anke M. Friedrich, and Bernd Lammerer<br />
Field Guide 22<br />
Available at GSA booth (A7)�<br />
56 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
Session<br />
No.<br />
Monday, September 5, 2011<br />
Technical Sessions<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Technical Sessions<br />
Title Poster/<br />
Oral<br />
Room Time<br />
1 Plenary: Global-Scale Processes: Global Plate Motions & oral E120 8:45-10:40<br />
Structure and Dynamics <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s Mantle<br />
Große Aula<br />
2 Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic, Adjacent Continents,<br />
and Passive Continental Margins in General<br />
oral A125 11:00-17:35<br />
3 Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk Mitigation I oral A014 11:00-16:40<br />
4 Earth Surface in the Anthropocene oral A016 11:00-13:25<br />
5 Geotechnologien oral A015 11:00-15:30<br />
6 Tectonics <strong>of</strong> Central and East Asia oral A017 11:00-12:40<br />
7 Open Session in Geosciences poster Poster Hall P3 8:30-18:00*<br />
8 Open Session Structural Geology and Tectonics poster Poster Hall P1 8:30-18:00*<br />
9 Multi-scale Sedimentary Basin Dynamics poster Poster Hall P2 8:30-18:00*<br />
10 Transient Deformation in the Lithosphere at Conditions<br />
Changing over Short Periods <strong>of</strong> Time<br />
poster Poster Hall P1 8:30-18:00*<br />
11 Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk Mitigation poster Poster Hall P1 8:30-18:00*<br />
12 Geotechnologien poster Poster Hall P3 8:30-18:00*<br />
13 Tectonics <strong>of</strong> Central and East Asia poster Poster Hall P2 8:30-18:00*<br />
14 Significance <strong>of</strong> Large Strike-slip Fault Systems —<br />
Active and Ancient<br />
oral A017 14:00-17:10<br />
15 Induced Seismicity – From Observation to<br />
Geomechanical Understanding<br />
oral A015 15:45-17:20<br />
16 GIS and 3D-Modeling in Geosciences oral A016 14:00-16:25<br />
Tuesday, September 6, 2011<br />
17 Plenary: Regional-Scale Processes: Plate Boundary<br />
Evolution and Deformation in Convergent Settings: The<br />
Alpine-Himalayan Collision Zone<br />
18 Special Session: Recent Megathrust Earthquakes and<br />
Tsunamis: Observations and Processes I<br />
19 Subduction and Collision Processes Through Time in<br />
the Mediterranean Area — From the Deep Mantle to the<br />
Surface I<br />
20 Dynamic Impact Cratering in Nature, Experiment, and<br />
Model<br />
oral E120<br />
Große Aula<br />
8:30-10:40<br />
oral A016 11:00-12:50<br />
oral A021 11:00-16:30<br />
oral A015 11:00-15:45<br />
21 Energy Resources in Sedimentary Basins oral A125 11:00-16:50<br />
22 Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk Mitigation II oral A014 11:00-13:05<br />
23 Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences<br />
and Geoheritage I<br />
oral A119 11:00-16:45<br />
24 Special Session in Honour <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>. Paul Schmidt-<br />
Thomé’s 100th Anniversary<br />
oral A017 11:00-16:50<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 57
25 The Mantle in 4-D: Links between Global Plate<br />
Reconstructions and Mantle Tomography<br />
poster Poster Hall P2 8:30-18:00*<br />
26 Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic, Adjacent Continents,<br />
and Passive Continental Margins in General<br />
poster Poster Hall P3 8:30-18:00*<br />
27 Subduction and Collision Processes Through Time in<br />
the Mediterranean Area — From the Deep Mantle to the<br />
Surface<br />
poster Poster Hall P4 8:30-18:00*<br />
28 Dynamic Impact Cratering in Nature, Experiment,<br />
and Model<br />
poster Poster Hall P4 8:30-18:00*<br />
29 Induced Seismicity – From Observation to<br />
Geomechanical Understanding<br />
poster Poster Hall P1 8:30-18:00*<br />
30 The Challenge <strong>of</strong> Understanding Continental Intraplate<br />
Earthquakes<br />
poster Poster Hall P1 8:30-18:00*<br />
31 Energy Resources in Sedimentary Basins poster Poster Hall P4 8:30-18:00*<br />
32 <strong>Geological</strong> Research for Our Health<br />
(2011 - Year <strong>of</strong> Science in Health Research)<br />
oral A014 15:30-17:50<br />
33 The Challenge <strong>of</strong> Understanding Continental Intraplate<br />
Earthquakes<br />
oral A016 14:00-17:05<br />
Wednesday, September 7, 2011<br />
34 Plenary: Local-Scale Processes: Local Events <strong>with</strong> oral E120 8:30-10:40<br />
Global Impact (Volcanic Eruptions)<br />
Große Aula<br />
35 Special Session: Recent Megathrust Earthquakes and<br />
Tsunamis: Observations and Processes II<br />
oral A016 11:00-16:35<br />
36 The Mantle in 4-D: Links between Global Plate<br />
Reconstructions and Mantle Tomography<br />
oral A021 11:00-17:35<br />
37 Geomorphology and Surface Processes <strong>of</strong> Tectonically<br />
Active Regions<br />
oral A017 11:00-15:40<br />
38 Multi-scale Sedimentary Basin Dynamics oral A119 11:30-16:15<br />
39 Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences<br />
and Geoheritage II<br />
oral A014 11:00-17:00<br />
40 State <strong>of</strong> the Art in <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping at Research<br />
Institutions, the Military, and <strong>Geological</strong> Surveys<br />
oral A015 11:00-12:55<br />
41 Geomorphology and Surface Processes <strong>of</strong> Tectonically<br />
Active Regions<br />
poster Poster Hall P1 8:30-18:00*<br />
42 Local Events <strong>with</strong> Global Impact poster Poster Hall P3 8:30-18:00*<br />
43 Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences<br />
and Geoheritage<br />
poster Poster Hall P3 8:30-18:00*<br />
44 State <strong>of</strong> the Art in <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping at Research<br />
Institutions, the Military, and <strong>Geological</strong> Surveys<br />
poster Poster Hall P3 8:30-18:00*<br />
45 Current and Future Geodetic Satellite Missions and<br />
Their Applications to Geology<br />
oral A015 14:00-16:30<br />
58 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
* Authors will be present at their posters between 16:30 and 18:00.
Special Session<br />
Recent Megathrust Earthquakes and Tsunamis: Observations and Processes (Session 18)<br />
With this special interdisciplinary session, we <strong>of</strong>fer a platform to reconstruct and understand rupture, shaking, and earthsurface<br />
deformation processes <strong>of</strong> recent megathrust earthquakes, such as the 2011 <strong>of</strong>f the Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Tohoku Earthquake in<br />
Japan, and their related tsunamis.<br />
Recurrence interval <strong>of</strong> megathrust earthquakes, complexity <strong>of</strong> the fault rupture process, and aftershock activity are all issues <strong>of</strong><br />
which we do not yet have a clear understanding. In this session we invite speakers to address them on a broad range <strong>of</strong> spatial<br />
and temporal scales, <strong>with</strong> emphasis on the most recent megathrust events, and their tsunamis. We encourage contributions on<br />
diverse aspects <strong>of</strong> the problem including, but not limited to, seismology, paleoseismology, geology, tectonics and space-geodesy.<br />
Comparisons <strong>with</strong> field observations from the geologic record, and studies that examine the relationship between the megathrust<br />
earthquakes and their tsunamis are also solicited.<br />
Due to the actuality <strong>of</strong> this topic, we may consider to accept abstracts beyond the regular deadline <strong>of</strong> April 30th. Please notify<br />
the conveners directly if you intend to submit an abstract to this session and need an extended submission deadline.<br />
Conveners: Fumiko Tajima, tajima@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Heiner Igel, igel@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Alex Allmann, aallmann@munichre.com<br />
Anke Friedrich, friedrich@lmu.de<br />
Invited Speakers: Kuvvet Atakan (University <strong>of</strong> Bergen, Norway)<br />
Ge<strong>of</strong>f Blewitt (NBMG, Reno, USA)<br />
Heidrun Kopp (IFM-GEOMAR. Kiel, Germany)<br />
Timothy Melbourne (Central Washington Univ., USA)<br />
Daniel Melnick (University <strong>of</strong> Potsdam, Germany)<br />
Jim Mori (Kyoto University, Japan)<br />
Emile Okal (Northwestern University, USA)<br />
Koji Okumura (Hiroshima University, Japan)<br />
Plenary Sessions<br />
Description <strong>of</strong> Technical Sessions<br />
P1� Global-Scale Processes: Global Plate Motions & Structure and Dynamics <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s Mantle (Session 1)<br />
In recent years a pr<strong>of</strong>ound and far-reaching Whole-Earth-View has emerged which links surficial geologic events to structure<br />
and evolution <strong>of</strong> the deep Earth. Understanding the fundamental processes that bridge plate tectonics, 4-D evolution <strong>of</strong><br />
topography, epi-orogeny, sea-level variations, seismic tomographic mantle structure and geodynamic evolution <strong>of</strong> the Earth are<br />
research areas undergoing major advances at an astonishingly interdisciplinary and productive level. We dedicate this plenary<br />
session to Ge<strong>of</strong>frey Davies from the Australian National University (ANU), who made pioneering contributions to our understanding<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Earth.<br />
Convener: Hans-Peter Bunge, bunge@lmu.de<br />
Invited Speakers: Mike Gurnis (California Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, USA)<br />
Dietmar Müller (University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Australia)<br />
Brian Kennett (Australian National University, Australia)<br />
P2� Regional-Scale Processes: Plate Boundary Evolution and Deformation in Convergent Settings: The Alpine-Himalayan<br />
Collision Zone (Session 17)<br />
The Alpine-Himalayan chain is a classical area for studying mountain building, from collision to plateau uplift and lateral<br />
escape. Its arcuate subduction zones and orogens delimit highly mobile microplates whose motions since the Early Mesozoic<br />
breakup <strong>of</strong> Gondwana have been intermittently independent <strong>of</strong> the overall relative motion <strong>of</strong> the Africa, Saudi Arabia, India,<br />
and Europe, as well as a host <strong>of</strong> microplates. Ophiolite belts <strong>with</strong>in these orogens mark the remnants <strong>of</strong> Tethyan ocean basins<br />
which can be imaged today as slabs in the mantle. Yet, the kinematics and dynamics that drive this anomalous plate motion<br />
remain enigmatic. Understanding how these mountain belts are tied to microplate motion and mantle anomolies is key to assessing<br />
the role <strong>of</strong> deep-seated processes and their interaction <strong>with</strong> surface processes.<br />
Conveners: Mark Handy, mhandy@zedat.fu-berlin.de<br />
Clark Burchfiel, bcburch@mit.edu<br />
Invited Speakers: Stefan Schmid (Swiss Federal Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, Switzerland)<br />
Wim Spakman (Utrecht University, Netherlands)<br />
Thorsten Becker (University <strong>of</strong> Southern California, USA)<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 59
P3� Local-Scale Processes: Local Events <strong>with</strong> Global Impact (Session 34)<br />
Volcanic eruptions demonstrate dramatically than the impact <strong>of</strong> local processes can range from local to global. Understanding<br />
the fundamental processes leading directly to volcanic eruption, together <strong>with</strong> a survey <strong>of</strong> the state <strong>of</strong> the magmatic system immediately<br />
prior to and during eruption, are research areas undergoing major advances that are astonishingly interdisciplinary.<br />
We welcome observational, experimental and numerical contributions on the status <strong>of</strong> volcanic research on our fragile earth.<br />
Convener: Donald B. Dingwell, dingwell@lmu.de<br />
Invited Speakers: Katherine Cashman (University <strong>of</strong> Bristol, Great Britain)<br />
Juergen Neuberg (University <strong>of</strong> Leeds, Great Britain)<br />
Paolo Papale (Istituto Nazionale di Ge<strong>of</strong>isica e Vulcanologia, Italy)<br />
Thomas Waler (GFZ Potsdam, Germany)<br />
P4� <strong>Geological</strong> Resources & Hazards, and Geology & Health (Session 32)<br />
Due to the rapidly growing global population, new challenges need to be addressed: <strong>Geological</strong> and mineral resources form<br />
the basis <strong>of</strong> human supplies. Natural hazards affect more and more people and therefore need to be understood better. Due to<br />
a number <strong>of</strong> recent technological advances, such as space-based satellites, global monitoring <strong>of</strong> geological processes reaches<br />
new levels. Most directly, however, humans are affected by a large number <strong>of</strong> unhealthy resources and supplies. We have invited<br />
a range <strong>of</strong> speakers to address a number <strong>of</strong> these topics. Note that this plenary session has been spit into three sessions and<br />
merged <strong>with</strong> larger sessions on these topics: <strong>Geological</strong> Resources (Session 21), Natural Hazards (Session 22), and Geology and<br />
Health (Session 32).<br />
Convener: Anke Friedrich, friedrich@lmu.de<br />
Invited Speakers: Meghan Miller (UNAVCO, USA)<br />
Anselm Smolka (MunichRe, Germany)<br />
Jochen Zschau (GFZ Potsdam, Germany)<br />
Seth Stein (Northwestern University, USA)<br />
Catherine Skinner (Yale University, USA)<br />
Jörg Matschullat (University <strong>of</strong> Freiberg, Germany)<br />
Friedrich-Wilhelm Wellmer (Präsident i.R., BGR)<br />
Theme Sessions<br />
T1: Global <strong>Geological</strong> Processes�<br />
B� Surface to Mantle Connections: Geologic and Geomorphic Records <strong>of</strong> Deep Mantle Flow (Session 2)<br />
Although it is widely appreciated that plate tectonics is the consequence <strong>of</strong> global-scale flow <strong>with</strong>in the Earth’s mantle,<br />
recent advances in seismic imaging, in plate reconstructions through time, and in modeling <strong>of</strong> density-driven flow have<br />
led to an emerging view that small-scale convection and flow can exert a first-order control on the development <strong>of</strong> topography<br />
on the Earth’s surface. The rates and wavelengths <strong>of</strong> uplift and subsidence associated <strong>with</strong> this dynamic topography<br />
can, in principle, place important constraints on the properties <strong>of</strong> the mantle. However, geologic data <strong>with</strong> which to test<br />
the predictions <strong>of</strong> mantle flow models are, at present, extremely limited. This session seeks to bring together researchers<br />
working at both ends <strong>of</strong> this problem, from the modeling <strong>of</strong> mantle flow to the interpretation <strong>of</strong> geologic and geomorphologic<br />
histories. We welcome contributions from theoretical, experimental, and observational studies that bear on the<br />
question <strong>of</strong> the development <strong>of</strong> topography in response to mantle flow.<br />
Conveners: Eric Kirby, ekirby@psu.edu<br />
Hans-Peter Bunge, bunge@lmu.de<br />
Invited Speaker: David Rowley (University <strong>of</strong> Chicago, USA)<br />
D� The Mantle in 4-D: Links B etween Global Plate Reconstructions and Mantle Tomography (Session 36)<br />
Our knowledge <strong>of</strong> the solid-earth system in the four dimensions <strong>of</strong> space-time is incomplete. Seismic mantle tomography<br />
provides a snapshot <strong>of</strong> the current state <strong>of</strong> the convecting mantle in the three dimensions <strong>of</strong> space. The geological record<br />
allows to reconstruct past tectonic plate configuration, deformation at active plate boundaries, as well as vertical motion<br />
through time. Thus, it provides information in the two surface dimensions and in time, but very limited depth extent. This<br />
session wants to explore links between surface reconstructions and deep mantle imaging, aiming at an integrated picture<br />
<strong>of</strong> the convecting mantle system. Topics include the links between slabs imaged by tomographic models and paleo subduction<br />
zones; the spatial and temporal connections between hotspot tracks, plume conduits and slow velocity provinces<br />
in the lowermost mantle; state <strong>of</strong> the mantle beneath zones <strong>of</strong> intraplate deformation.<br />
Conveners: Karin Sigloch, sigloch@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Dietmar Müller, dietmar.muller@sydney.edu.au<br />
Invited Speakers: Eleonore Stutzmann (Institute de Geophysique de Globe, France)<br />
Paul Wessel (University <strong>of</strong> Hawaii, USA)<br />
Anne Paul (University <strong>of</strong> Grenoble, France)<br />
60 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
T2: Regional <strong>Geological</strong> Processes<br />
A� Subduction and Collision Processes Through Time in the Mediterranean Area — From the Deep Mantle to the<br />
Surface (Session 27)<br />
The Mediterranean area is a classical natural laboratory for studying tectonic processes, from mantle exhumation and<br />
sea-floor spreading to subduction and collision. Its arcuate subduction zones and orogens delimit highly mobile microplates<br />
whose motions since the Early Mesozoic breakup <strong>of</strong> Gondwana have been intermittently independent <strong>of</strong> the overall<br />
relative motion <strong>of</strong> the Africa and Europe. Ophiolite belts <strong>with</strong>in these orogens mark the remnants <strong>of</strong> Tethyan ocean basins<br />
which can be imaged today as slabs in the mantle. Yet, the kinematics and dynamics that drive this anomalous microplate<br />
motion remain enigmatic. Understanding how the Mediterranean mountain belts are tied to microplate motion and mantle<br />
anomolies is key to assessing the role <strong>of</strong> deep-seated processes and their interaction <strong>with</strong> surface processes.<br />
We invite contributions on a wide variety <strong>of</strong> topics related to the evolution <strong>of</strong> Alpine-type mountain belts and subduction<br />
zones in the Mediterranean area. These will be treated in a single session lasting 2-3 days in order to encourage interaction<br />
between specialists <strong>with</strong> different approaches and viewpoints. Invited speakers are foreseen for subtopics relevant to this<br />
theme. Field trips in the nearby Alps will be <strong>of</strong>fered both before and after the meeting.<br />
Conveners: Mark Handy, mhandy@zedat.fu-berlin.de<br />
B. Clark Burchfiel, bcburch@mit.edu<br />
Invited Speakers: Robert Reilinger (Massachusetts Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, USA)<br />
Claudio Faccenna (Roma Tre University, Italy)<br />
Eduard Kissling (ETH Zürich, Switzerland)<br />
Leigh Royden (Massachusetts Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, USA)<br />
Anne Paul (University Grenoble, France)<br />
B� Multi-scale Sedimentary Basin Dynamics (Session 9)<br />
Sedimentary basins are important repositories which allow geoscientists to reconstruct past climates, vertical surface<br />
motions, fluid flow, as well as lithosphere and mantle dynamics over geologically long timescales. With increasing availability<br />
<strong>of</strong> large scale data sets, computational power, and improved data infrastructure, large resources for new approaches<br />
in integrated and dynamic basin modelling exist, allowing to cross traditional discipline boundaries and providing better<br />
opportunities to understand the complex spatio-temporal evolution <strong>of</strong> sedimentary basins. This session aims to bring<br />
together colleagues both from academia and industry who are involved in reconstructing basin evolution at mega-regional<br />
to local scale. We invite contributions from:<br />
• Advances in linking deep-Earth dynamics and sedimentary basin architecture<br />
• Integrating plate kinematic models and lithospheric deformation in basin formation and evolution models<br />
• Linking regional- to basin-scale tectonics, including basin inversion<br />
• Coupled lithosphere deformation - petroleum systems models<br />
Conveners: Christian Heine, christian.heine@sydney.edu.au<br />
Ralf Littke, littke@lek.rwth-aachen.de<br />
Invited Speakers: Ritske Huismans (University <strong>of</strong> Bergen, Norway)<br />
Leni Scheck Wenderoth (GFZ Potsdam, Germany)<br />
Judith Sippel (GFZ Potsdam, Germany)<br />
C� Significance <strong>of</strong> Large Strike-slip Fault Systems — Active and Ancient� (Session 14)<br />
Large strike-slip faults may accumulate large displacements, show high deformation rates and have been the loci <strong>of</strong> several<br />
<strong>of</strong> the largest (M 8) earthquakes in continental lithosphere on record. They may create both sedimentary basins and fold<br />
& thrust zones. Often, big cities are located near them, such as Los Angeles, San Francisco or Istanbul, implying high<br />
seismic hazards. A number <strong>of</strong> widely debated questions include their seismic potential, their total displacement, and their<br />
geological significance in ancient plate boundary settings. Recent developments in active tectonics, tectonic geomorphology<br />
and satellite geodesy have produced a significantly improved data base <strong>of</strong> deformation-related parameters, but not all<br />
questions can be answered by studying active faults at the earth’s surface. For example, it is difficult to quantify the surface<br />
strain budget attributed to individual fault strands, because strike-slip faults are <strong>of</strong>ten closely spaced, so that space-geodetic<br />
surveys can only capture the bulk deformation across a fault zone.<br />
For this reason, and many others, we need to understand the behavior <strong>of</strong> large strike-slip faults through study <strong>of</strong> both,<br />
active and ancient fault systems. This session solicits contributions from a wide range <strong>of</strong> aspects such as neotectonics and<br />
tectonic geomorphology, geodesy, deformation mechanisms, syntectonic metamorphism, thermochronology, as well as<br />
regional tectonics and palaeogeography. In particular, we solicit contributions from well studied strike-slip fault systems<br />
around the world, such as the San Andreas, the North Anatolian, the Altyn Tagh, the Kun Lun fault systems as well as<br />
large strike-slip faults <strong>of</strong> the Variscides and the Caledonides. We welcome field studies, experimental work and numerical<br />
modeling as well as review papers.<br />
Conveners: Wolfgang Franke, w.franke@em.uni-frankfurt.de<br />
A. M. Celâl Şengör, sengor@itu.edu.tr<br />
Invited Speaker: Boris Natalin (Istanbul Technical University, Turkey)<br />
John Dewey (University College Oxford, Great Britain)<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 61
D� Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic, Adjacent Continents, and Passive Continental Margins in General (Session 26)<br />
The evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic is controlled by intraplate extensional stresses, pre-existing tectonic features, mantle<br />
processes, and crustal response. The passive continental margins represent long-term and large-scale geo-archives <strong>of</strong> Earth<br />
processes related to mantle dynamics, the break-up <strong>of</strong> continents and the creation <strong>of</strong> sedimentary basins, changes in ocean<br />
circulation patterns and their effect on climate. Passive margins are also <strong>of</strong> paramount economic importance in terms <strong>of</strong><br />
hydrocarbon resources. For this interdisciplinary session we seek contributions from natural case studies and from geodynamic<br />
or geomaterials modelling, which address the interplay <strong>of</strong> deep mantle processes and their consequences on surface<br />
expressions in passive margin systems. The emphasis should be on the South Atlantic system and adjacent continents but<br />
exemplary case studies from other margin settings are also welcome. Some <strong>of</strong> the most important among many scientific<br />
questions to be addressed are these:<br />
• How do mantle and surface processes interact during rifting and breakup, and during post breakup evolution <strong>of</strong> the<br />
continental margins, and how do these processes influence onshore-<strong>of</strong>fshore feed-back processes?<br />
• What is the origin <strong>of</strong> the extreme fluxes <strong>of</strong> magma in volcanic rifted margins like the South Atlantic? What is their<br />
role in continental rifting and lithospheric thinning? What impact do they have on the subsequent evolution <strong>of</strong> passive<br />
margins?<br />
• To what degree is the formation and 4-D evolution <strong>of</strong> sedimentary basins, both on- and <strong>of</strong>fshore, a function <strong>of</strong> rock<br />
and topographic uplift, erosion, sedimentation and diagenesis processes, and how is this evolution connected <strong>with</strong><br />
mantle flow and global climate?<br />
• How does rifting and continental separation modify ocean circulation patterns and what are the resulting global<br />
implications for biodiversity and climate change?<br />
The South Atlantic, its conjugate rifted margins and adjacent continents are ideally suited to contribute answers to these<br />
questions. This session will try to tackle the complex interacting feedback cycles involving thermal and mechanical forces<br />
that acted over the ca. 200 million years since the beginning <strong>of</strong> breakup. We encourage scientist who deal <strong>with</strong> the longterm<br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> fracture zones at passive continental margins to present their data as well.<br />
Conveners: Ulrich Anton Glasmacher, ulrich.a.glasmacher@geow.uni-heidelberg.de<br />
Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, leni@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
Invited Speaker: Peter Japsen (<strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Denmark and Greenland, Denmark)<br />
E� Geomorphology and Surface Processes <strong>of</strong> Tectonically Active Regions (Session 37)<br />
Earth’s topography is the manifestation <strong>of</strong> the interplay between tectonics and climatically modulated surface processes.<br />
As such landscapes provide a record <strong>of</strong> deformation across a variety <strong>of</strong> spatial and temporal scales, from the interaction <strong>of</strong><br />
individual fault segments during earthquakes to the growth <strong>of</strong> topography on geologic time scales. This session welcomes<br />
contributions that pertain to all aspects <strong>of</strong> how landscapes encode tectonic information, and we particularly encourage<br />
submission <strong>of</strong> integrative studies that combine geomorphology, sedimentology, structural geology, and/or numerical<br />
modeling to decipher landscape evolution in tectonically active regions.<br />
Conveners: Manfred Strecker, strecker@uni-potsdam.de<br />
Eric Kirby, ekirby@psu.edu<br />
Dirk Sachse, dirk.sachse@geo.uni-potsdam.de<br />
Andreas Mulch, andreas.mulch@senckenberg.de<br />
T3: Local <strong>Geological</strong> Processes<br />
A� Local Events <strong>with</strong> Global Impact (Session 42)<br />
Volcanic eruptions demonstrate dramatically that the impact <strong>of</strong> local processes can range from local to global. Understanding<br />
the fundamental processes leading directly to volcanic eruption, together <strong>with</strong> a survey <strong>of</strong> the state <strong>of</strong> the magmatic<br />
system immediately prior to and during eruption, are research areas undergoing major advances that are astonishingly<br />
interdisciplinary. We welcome observational, experimental and numerical contributions on the status <strong>of</strong> volcanic<br />
research on our fragile earth.<br />
Convener: Donald B. Dingwell, dingwell@lmu.de<br />
B� The Challenge <strong>of</strong> Understanding Continental Intraplate Earthquakes (Session 33)<br />
Assessments <strong>of</strong> active tectonic processes and seismic hazard in intraplate regions are challenging due to the slow deformation<br />
rates and low seismicity. Average fault-slip rates, which are below or just at the resolution <strong>of</strong> surface strain measured<br />
by GPS networks, the sparse record <strong>of</strong> significant earthquakes, and the epistemic uncertainties <strong>of</strong> historical and paleoseismic<br />
earthquake observations make it difficult to identify active faults, build tectonic models and assess seismic hazards. It<br />
increasingly appears that fault activity varies in space and time in ways not yet understood. Such problems are particularly<br />
striking for regions such as Central Europe. This session seeks contributions discussing aspects <strong>of</strong> these topics. We particularly<br />
like to encourage submissions from a wide range <strong>of</strong> disciplines including, but not limited to: geodesy, seismology,<br />
historical seismology, paleoseismology, tectonic geomorphology, neotectonics, geophysics, geomechanics and structural<br />
geology.<br />
Conveners: Kurt Decker, kurt.decker@univie.ac.at<br />
Seth Stein, seth@earth.northwestern.edu<br />
62 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
C� Dynamic Impact Cratering in Nature, Experiment and Model (Session 28)<br />
Understanding the dynamics <strong>of</strong> impact cratering as a physical and geological process is <strong>of</strong> utmost importance to assess the<br />
damage and threat <strong>of</strong> such events on different scales, ranging from damage on satellites to threat for civilization. Recent<br />
advances are based on crater experiments and modeling as well as on field studies, drilling campaigns into terrestrial<br />
craters, and sophisticated analysis <strong>of</strong> remote sensing data for Mars and the Moon. We encourage contributions in the<br />
specified fields:<br />
• Impact craters in the Solar System<br />
• Terrestrial impact craters: case studies and new discoveries<br />
• Drilling into impact craters - recent ICDP projects<br />
• Marine environments<br />
• Geophysical signatures<br />
• Properties <strong>of</strong> impact damaged rocks<br />
• Engineering studies<br />
• Cratering and shock recovery experiments<br />
• Numerical modeling<br />
• Crater scaling<br />
• Crater counting<br />
Conveners: Thomas Kenkmann, thomas.kenkmann@geologie.uni-freiburg.de<br />
Alex Deutsch, alex.deutsch@uni-muenster.de<br />
Kai Wünnemann, kai.wuennemann@mfn-berlin.de<br />
D� Induced Seismicity – From Observation to Geomechanical Understanding (Session 15)<br />
Induced seismicity in geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs is a well known phenomenon. This seismicity is in particular<br />
related to stimulation activity to enhance the productivity <strong>of</strong> the reservoir, but also to normal production on long time<br />
scales. Also the filling, as well as changes in the impoundment level <strong>of</strong> reservoirs have been shown to induce or trigger<br />
seismicity. However, our understanding <strong>of</strong> the physical processes and their dependence on the structural setting <strong>of</strong> the<br />
reservoir is still limited. In particular it is unclear how to control the magnitude <strong>of</strong> the induced earthquakes. Public awareness<br />
and concern <strong>of</strong> induced seismicity has become ubiquitous in locations where subsurface exploration and storage is<br />
carried out in close proximity to communities. Furthermore, plans for massive CO2 sequestration and storage <strong>of</strong> radioactive<br />
waste in depth have also to be assessed in terms <strong>of</strong> critical changes <strong>of</strong> the stress field.<br />
The session is addressing both research fields; observation and analysis <strong>of</strong> the induced seismicity in time and space as well<br />
as geomechanical, numerical modeling <strong>of</strong> the processes that control the spatio-temporal evolution <strong>of</strong> the stress field. These<br />
research field includes topics such as temporal variations <strong>of</strong> physical parameters in reservoirs including stress and pressure<br />
changes, spatial-temporal patterns <strong>of</strong> seismicity, b-value changes, source mechanisms, relative importance <strong>of</strong> thermal and<br />
fluid induced stress changes and pore-pressure stress coupling. In particular we envision to foster the discussion on the<br />
following questions: What controls the large magnitudes events? Is it possible to control via production/stimulation parameters<br />
the maximum magnitude? Do pre-existing faults that are critically stressed prior to underground activity control<br />
he earthquake magnitudes? How can we relate our observations <strong>of</strong> induced seismicity and our geomechanical understanding<br />
and model results into a reservoir site specific seismic hazard assessment?<br />
Conveners: Oliver Heidbach, heidbach@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
Birgit Müller, birgit.mueller@kit.edu<br />
E� Transient Deformation in the Lithosphere at Conditions Changing over Short Periods <strong>of</strong> Time (Session 10)<br />
Conventionally, deformation in the lithosphere is considered to occur by long-lasting and slow processes, during which<br />
deformation conditions remain stable. This view has been proven to be not tenable for many geological processes, e.g.,<br />
during earthquake-driven deformation, localized deformation in shear zones, and deformation related to magmatic<br />
processes. The aim <strong>of</strong> this session is to discuss aspects <strong>of</strong> transient deformation at conditions changing over a short period<br />
<strong>of</strong> time and what might be required to advance our understanding through observations from naturally deformed rocks,<br />
laboratory experiments and modelling. We invite contributions from all disciplines <strong>of</strong> geosciences.<br />
Conveners: Claudia Trepmann, claudia.trepmann@rub.de<br />
Bernhard Stoeckhert, bernhard.stoeckhert@ruhr-uni-bochum.de<br />
Jörn Kruhl, kruhl@tum.de<br />
T4: <strong>Geological</strong> Resources<br />
Energy Resources in Sedimentary Basins (Oil, Oil Sands, Gas, Coal, Geothermal Energy, Carbon Sequestration,<br />
Mineral Resources, Water, etc�) (Session 21)<br />
Sedimentary basins are compartments <strong>of</strong> the upper crust in which mineral and organic material has accumulated over<br />
millions <strong>of</strong> years. This material undergoes partial transformation at temperatures ranging from 0° to 300°C and pressures<br />
up to approximately 100 MPa. Due to their longevity and high contents <strong>of</strong> chemically metastable components, sedimentary<br />
basins can be regarded as long-term reactors. The substance turnover and product composition <strong>of</strong> such a geo-reactor<br />
depends essentially on both externally and internally operating processes which affect the sedimentary basin fill over long<br />
geological periods. The main objective <strong>of</strong> this session is to quantify the major processes that control or affect the forma-<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 63
tion and evolution <strong>of</strong> sedimentary basins, including the fluid inventory, using modern geoscientific methods. Processes<br />
<strong>of</strong> major interest area) strain and stress in the upper crust leading to crustal extension and compression, evolution <strong>of</strong> fault<br />
zones, their influence on the crustal rheology and their effects on large scale and regional subsidence as well as on the<br />
geothermal field; b) inherent processes <strong>of</strong> a sedimentary system such as compaction, salt movement and fluid generation<br />
under the control <strong>of</strong> the external factors mentioned above; c) transport processes involving the migration <strong>of</strong> gas and<br />
fluids through the pore space either by pressure-driven single-phase or multi-phase flow or by diffusion, their dependence<br />
on compaction, fault zones and the geothermal field as well as associated fluid-rock interactions, and d) the supply and<br />
redistribution <strong>of</strong> sedimentary matter acting as a mirror <strong>of</strong> tectonic activities and climate changes. Of special interest are<br />
contributions related to the study <strong>of</strong> unconventional fossil fuels such as gas shales, coalbed methane and tight gas.<br />
Conveners: Ralf Littke, littke@lek.rwth-aachen.de<br />
Volker Steinbach, volker.steinbach@bgr.de<br />
Ulrich Berner, ulrich.berner@bgr.de<br />
T5: <strong>Geological</strong> Hazards and Risks<br />
B� Natural Hazards, Catastrophes and Risk Mitigation (Session 22)<br />
Extreme events, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, flooding and storms are the local manifestations <strong>of</strong> nature’s<br />
natural energy release in lithospheric, hydrologic, and atmospheric processes. Whether or not and to what degree these<br />
extreme events turn into a risk for the growing world’s population, let alone a catastrophe, depends on many factors, such<br />
as the event’s characteristics and processes as well as the resilience <strong>of</strong> nearby populated regions. Since the recent earthquake<br />
in New Zealand and the earthquake - tsunami series in Japan, however, three factors are debated in particular: (1)<br />
are there any observables that lead to improve the options for early warning systems?, (2) what is the maximum event size<br />
likely to occur in a particular region?, and (3) at what cost is the population willing to cope <strong>with</strong> the natural event versus<br />
investing into expensive risk mitigation measures or avoiding the settlement in high risk regions?<br />
This session seeks to bring together a wide range <strong>of</strong> geoscientists <strong>with</strong> expertise in various aspects <strong>of</strong> extreme event occurrence,<br />
trigger mechanisms, earthquake, landslide, tsunami and flooding processes, as well as those focusing on aspects <strong>of</strong><br />
human-induced hazards and disasters, catastrophe management and risk mitigation. We solicit contributions from a wide<br />
range <strong>of</strong> regions, such as the Alps, the alpine foreland, central Europe, and in particular also from Sumatra, Japan, New<br />
Zealand, or any other region on earth.<br />
Conveners: Alexander Allmann, aallmann@munichre.com<br />
Kurosch Thuro, thuro@tum.de<br />
Invited Speakers: Kevin Furlong (Penn State University)<br />
Jeff Rubin (Tualatin Valley Fire & Rescue, USA)<br />
Michael Krautblatter (University <strong>of</strong> Bonn, Germany)<br />
T6: Geoeducation & Communication<br />
A� Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences and Geoheritage (Session 39)<br />
One follow-up activity <strong>of</strong> the ‘UN-International Year <strong>of</strong> Planet Earth’ (IYPE) and a general mission <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences is<br />
to inform the public at large how Earth scientific knowledge helps to make societies around the world healthier, safer and<br />
more prosperous and to excite young people about the Earth.<br />
We continue to greatly benefit from what Planet Earth <strong>of</strong>fers and we rely utterly upon its resources and powers to sustain<br />
our lives and societies. If we apply these resources more effectively, there would be sufficient for all while increasing living<br />
standards for many. That can only be realized if we expand our knowledge base <strong>of</strong> the Earth and use what we know now.<br />
Our ever more densely populated Planet <strong>of</strong>fers future generations both challenges and opportunities to start smart, innovative<br />
sometimes unconventional actions that may contribute for solving many <strong>of</strong> today’s societal problems.<br />
The session shall provide a platform to present a variety <strong>of</strong> topics or tools to communicate geoscience to the public as well<br />
as to society representatives, to explain complex geological processes in a popular way, but also to improve or create the<br />
respect for nature. Presentations might include school projects on “Earth Learning” or “Earth Science Weeks”, as well as<br />
on “Geoparks”, “Geotopes/Geosites”, Geotrails (GeoViaAlpina) or “Stones in the City”.<br />
Conveners: Wolfgang Eder, w.eder-geo@hotmail.de<br />
Wesley Hill, whill@geosociety.org<br />
Laurel P. Goodell, laurel@princeton.edu<br />
Invited speakers: Laurel Goodell (Princeton University, USA)<br />
John Macadam (University <strong>of</strong> Exeter, Great Britain)<br />
Cheryl Manning (Evergreen High School, Colorado)<br />
Patrick McKeever (<strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Northern Ireland, Belfast, Chair European Geoparks<br />
Network, and Global Geoparks Bureau)<br />
B� Studium und was dann? Berufseinstieg, Perspektiven, Ausland, Mentoren und Strategien (Session 23)<br />
(Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences and Geoheritage; course and course description in German)<br />
Die Beschäftigungsfelder von Geowissenschaftlern unterlagen in den vergangenen Jahren einem deutlichen Wandel:<br />
die Anforderungen der Arbeitgeber sind differenzierter als in der Vergangenheit und stellen die Studierenden vor das<br />
64 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
Problem einer rechtzeitigen Orientierung auf beschäftigungsspezifische Ausbildungsschwerpunkte bei zugleich solider<br />
fachlicher Grundausbildung. Folgende Fragen sollen in den Beiträgen vertieft behandelt werden:<br />
Welche Rolle spielen die traditionellen Beschäftigungsfelder von Geowissenschaftlern? Welche Chancen gibt es in neuen<br />
Berufsfeldern? Welche Anforderungen sollen und müssen Absolventen geowissenschaftlicher Studiengänge in der beruflichen<br />
Praxis erfüllen? Wie lässt sich der Einstieg in die Berufstätigkeit gezielt vorbereiten?<br />
Erfahrene Vertreterinnen und Vertreter verschiedener Berufsgruppen (Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen,<br />
Geobüros und Freiberufler, Industrie und Wirtschaft sowie Ämter und Behörden) stellen anhand konkreter Projekte<br />
verschiedene Berufsfelder vor, berichten von ihren Erfahrungen und geben Tipps – z.B. zur Auslandstätigkeit, zum Thema<br />
Promotion und zu Mentoring.<br />
Convener: Ulrike Mattig, ulrike.mattig@hmwk.hessen.de<br />
Invited Speakers: Klaus Bücherl (tewag Technologie - Erdwärmeanlagen - Umweltschutz GmbH, Germany)<br />
Horst Häussinger (Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Germany)<br />
Helmut Heinisch (Martin-Luther-Universität Halle, Germany)<br />
Ralph Treiber (Bereich Industrie und Wirtschaft, Germany)<br />
T7� System Earth - Humankind<br />
A� Earth Surface in the Anthropocene (Session 4)<br />
Increasing direct and indirect human activities unquestionable alter the composition, structure and forms <strong>of</strong> the Earth<br />
surface. As a consequence, according surface and subsurface processes are attenuated, intensified or overprinted. The<br />
Anthropocene is a new but more and more frequently used term in Geoscience which can be vaguely described as the<br />
“human domination <strong>of</strong> the earth ecosystem” and therefore also the earth surface. However, definition and chronology is<br />
under discussion.<br />
The session focuses on local, regional and global studies, which measure or monitor an increasing anthropogenic forcing<br />
on the Earth surface in order to compare it <strong>with</strong> studies <strong>of</strong> earlier timescale during the Holocene. We encourage submission<br />
<strong>of</strong> abstracts from all kinds <strong>of</strong> geo-disciplines such as geomorphology, sedimentology, geopedology,<br />
Quaternary geology, geoarchaeology and others that deal <strong>with</strong> the following subjects (but not exclusively):<br />
• sediment budgets over timescales<br />
• comparison <strong>of</strong> modern and historic soil erosion<br />
• changes <strong>of</strong> intensities geomorphic processes over time<br />
• changes <strong>of</strong> landforms over time (such as dunes, rivers, valleys etc.)<br />
Each submission should address the questions: (i) can increasing changes be observed, (ii) do humans play a major part in<br />
these changes, and (iii) at which time can major changes be observed. We hope to add information on the definition and<br />
the chronological precision <strong>of</strong> the term Anthropocene and to discuss the impacts on the Earth surface <strong>with</strong> the according<br />
consequences for human society.<br />
Conveners: Matthias Leopold, leopold@wzw.tum.de<br />
Joerg Voelkel, jvoelkel@wzw.tum.de<br />
T8� Special Interdisciplinary Sessions<br />
A� GEOTECHNOLOGIEN (Session 5)<br />
GEOTECHNOLOGIEN is a geoscientific research and development programme funded by the Federal Ministry <strong>of</strong> Education<br />
and Research (BMBF) and the German Research Foundation (DFG). The object <strong>of</strong> research is the „System Earth“<br />
<strong>with</strong> its different aspects and questions. Geosciences, physicists, biologists and chemists as well as engineers, computer,<br />
social and medical scientists are working together in the different fields <strong>of</strong> research. Due to this integrative approach it is<br />
possible to tie ideas and knowledge to make complex processes on and in the earth better comprehensible. The transfer <strong>of</strong><br />
basic knowledge into products, procedures and services to the market in co-operation <strong>with</strong> enterprises is tremendously<br />
supported by the broad and differentiated subjects <strong>of</strong> research <strong>of</strong> GEOTECHNOLOGIEN.<br />
Convener: Ute Münch, ute.muench@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
B� Current and Future Geodetic Satellite Missions and Their Applications to Geology (Session 45)<br />
This session covers space-borne geodetic measurement in a wide range <strong>of</strong> spatial scales, from gravitational missions like<br />
CHAMP and GOCE to high spatial resolution SAR and interferometric SAR systems like TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X.<br />
Contributions on recent results from current missions are encouraged as well as conceptual presentations <strong>of</strong> future missions.<br />
Conveners: Roland Pail, pail@bv.tu-muenchen.de<br />
Michael Eineder, michael.eineder@dlr.de<br />
Richard Bamler, richard.bamler@dlr.de<br />
D� State <strong>of</strong> the Art in <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping at Research Institutions, the Military, and <strong>Geological</strong> Surveys (Session 40)<br />
Conveners: Werner Stackebrandt, geostacke@googlemail.com<br />
Rolf Gerber, rolfgerber@bundeswehr.org<br />
Anke Friedrich, friedrich@lmu.de<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 65
E� GIS and 3D-modeling in Geosciences (Session 16)<br />
The importance <strong>of</strong> Geo Information Systems (GIS) and 3/4D-modelling in geosciences is increasing permanently. Here<br />
beside the application <strong>of</strong> available tools the development <strong>of</strong> task specific routines <strong>of</strong>ten is needed. This session is addressed<br />
to all people who use GIS, 3/4D-modelling or programming as a methodological approach in order to work on geoscientific<br />
tasks. The session thus calls for contributions which are related either to development <strong>of</strong> methodological approaches<br />
or results derived by application <strong>of</strong> GIS, 3/4D-modelling or programming. Contributions can be submitted either in<br />
English or in German.<br />
Conveners: Rouwen Lehne, lehne@geo.tu-darmstadt.de<br />
Helmut Schaben, schaeben@geo.tu-freiberg.de<br />
Joachim Post, joachim.post@dlr.de<br />
T9� Special Session<br />
Special Session in Honour <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>� Paul Schmidt-Thomé’s 100th Anniversary (Session 24)<br />
With the 100th anniversary <strong>of</strong> his birthday in 2011 this open session honors the merits <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Paul Schmidt-Thomé,<br />
who has been Ordinarius <strong>of</strong> Geology in Munich (Technical University <strong>of</strong> Munich) from 1954 until 1977. His scientific<br />
focus covered a wide range <strong>of</strong> topics from sedimentary and structural evolution <strong>of</strong> the Eastern Alps (Northern Calcareous<br />
Alps) and the Bavarian Molasse system to diverse aspects <strong>of</strong> applied geology (natural resources, hydrogeology, engineering<br />
geology).<br />
Conveners: Reinhard Gaupp, reinhard.gaupp@uni-jena.de<br />
Reinhard Hesse, reinhard.hesse@mcgill.ca<br />
Michael Schmidt-Thomé, m.schmidt-thome@gmx.de<br />
Invited Speakers: Michael Sarnthein (University <strong>of</strong> Kiel, Germany)<br />
Ulrich von Rad (Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe, Germany)<br />
Wolfgang Schlager (University <strong>of</strong> Amsterdam, Netherlands)<br />
T10� Regional Geology and Tectonics <strong>of</strong> Central and East Asia (Session 6)<br />
Advocates: Benita-Lisette Sonntag, Jonas Kley and Anke M. Friedrich<br />
66 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales
Changes at the time <strong>of</strong> going to press.<br />
Technical Program Changes<br />
Posters<br />
The following posters have been added to the program:<br />
• Session No. 8, Poster Hall P1, Booth #14<br />
TOPO-EUROPE: An Integrated Solid Earth Approach to Continental Topography and Deep Earth –<br />
Surface Processes in 4D<br />
Cloethingh, Sierd.<br />
• Session No. 11 -- Poster Hall P1, Booth #36<br />
Dust Storms Rich in Bio-siliceous Remains: A Special Health Risk<br />
Fenner, J.; Houben, G.; Kaufhold, S.; Lechner-Wiens, H.; Adam, F.; and J. Baez.<br />
• Session No. 26, Poster Hall P2, Booth #33<br />
Susceptibility Maps for <strong>Geological</strong> Hazards in Bavaria<br />
Poschinger, Andreas<br />
The following posters have been <strong>with</strong>drawn by their respective authors:<br />
• Session No. 8 - Poster Hall P1, Booth #14<br />
Applying Reactivation Tendency Analysis Theory and Mohr-Space to Evaluate Strength Decrease and<br />
Anisotropies <strong>with</strong> Pre-Existing Weakness(es) under Uniform Stress State<br />
Tong, Hengmao.<br />
• Session No. 11 - Poster Hall P1, Booth #36<br />
Mega Monsoon Floods Of 2010 In Pakistan: Climate Change On Its Way<br />
Riaz, Somana.<br />
• Session No. 26 - Poster Hall P2, Booth #33<br />
Evidence <strong>of</strong> a Large Paleo-Pockmarked Surface in the Orange Basin: Implications for an Early Eocene<br />
Massive Fluid-Escape Event Offshore South Africa<br />
Hartwig, Alexander; Anka, Zahie; Di Primio, Rolando; and Albrecht, Tony.<br />
• Session No. 26 - Poster Hall P2, Booth #34<br />
Seismo-Stratigraphy And 3d Modelling Of Hydrocarbon Leakage In The Colorado Basin, Offshore<br />
Argentina<br />
Anka, Zahie; Loegering, Markus J; Rodriguez, Jorge F.; Marchal, Denis; Di Primio, Rolando; Vallejo,<br />
Eduardo; and Kohler, Guillermina.<br />
Oral Presentations<br />
The following oral presentations have been <strong>with</strong>drawn by their respective authors:<br />
• Session No. 19 – Room A021, Paper # 6, time 12:30, Tuesday September 6<br />
Field and Thermochronologic Evidence <strong>of</strong> the Extensional Exhumation <strong>of</strong> the Mid-Bosnian Schist<br />
Mountains<br />
Casale, Gabriele M., Cowan, Darrel S., and Bennett, Richard A.<br />
• Session No. 34 - E120 Große Aula, Paper #4, time Wednesday September 7<br />
The Long Shadow <strong>of</strong> Volcanic Eruptions: The Origin and Impact <strong>of</strong> Volcanic Ash<br />
Katherine V. Cashman<br />
• Session No. 40 - Room A015, Paper #7, time 12:40-12:55, Wednesday, September 7<br />
Mode <strong>of</strong> Occurrence and Tectonic Setting <strong>of</strong> Neoproterozoic Ophiolites <strong>of</strong> the Central Eastern Desert<br />
<strong>of</strong> Egypt: Implications for Collisional Tectonics<br />
El Bahariya, Gaafar A.<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 67
Session<br />
No.<br />
Monday, September 5, 2011<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> Oral Sessions<br />
68 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Title Room Time<br />
1 Plenary: Global-Scale Processes: Global Plate Motions & Structure and Dynamics <strong>of</strong><br />
the Earth’s Mantle<br />
2 Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic, Adjacent Continents, and Passive Continental<br />
Margins in General<br />
E120<br />
Große Aula<br />
8:30-10:40<br />
A125 11:00-17:20<br />
3 Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk Mitigation I A014 11:00-16:40<br />
4 Earth Surface in the Anthropocene A016 11:00-13:25<br />
5 Geotechnologien A015 11:00-15:30<br />
6 Tectonics <strong>of</strong> Central and East Asia A017 11:00-12:40<br />
14 Significance <strong>of</strong> Large Strike-slip Fault Systems — Active and Ancient A017 14:00-17:10<br />
15 Induced Seismicity – From Observation to Geomechanical Understanding A015 15:45-17:20<br />
16 GIS and 3D-Modeling in Geosciences A016 14:00-16:25<br />
Tuesday, September 6, 2011<br />
17 Plenary: Regional-Scale Processes: Plate Boundary Evolution and Deformation in<br />
Convergent Settings: The Alpine-Himalayan Collision Zone<br />
18 Special Session: Recent Megathrust Earthquakes and Tsunamis:<br />
Observations and Processes I<br />
19 Subduction and Collision Processes Through Time in the Mediterranean Area —<br />
From the Deep Mantle to the Surface I<br />
E120<br />
Große Aula<br />
8:30-10:30<br />
A016 11:00-12:50<br />
A021 11:00-16:30<br />
20 Dynamic Impact Cratering in Nature, Experiment, and Model A015 11:00-15:45<br />
21 Energy Resources in Sedimentary Basins A125 11:00-16:50<br />
22 Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk Mitigation II A014 11:00-13:05<br />
23 Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences and Geoheritage I A119 11:00-16:45<br />
24 Special Session in Honour <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>. Paul Schmidt-Thomé’s 100th Anniversary A017 11:00-16:35<br />
32 <strong>Geological</strong> Research for Our Health (2011 - Year <strong>of</strong> Science in Health Research) A014 15:30-18:00<br />
33 The Challenge <strong>of</strong> Understanding Continental Intraplate Earthquakes A016 14:00-17:05<br />
Wednesday, September 7, 2011<br />
34 Plenary: Local-Scale Processes: Local Events <strong>with</strong> Global Impact (Volcanic Eruptions) E120<br />
Große Aula<br />
8:30-10:30<br />
35 Special Session: Recent Megathrust Earthquakes and Tsunamis:<br />
Observations and Processes II<br />
A016 11:00-16:35<br />
36 The Mantle in 4-D: Links between Global Plate Reconstructions<br />
and Mantle Tomography<br />
A021 11:00-17:35<br />
37 Geomorphology and Surface Processes <strong>of</strong> Tectonically Active Regions A017 11:00-15:40<br />
38 Multi-scale Sedimentary Basin Dynamics A119 11:30-16:15<br />
39 Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences and Geoheritage II A014 11:00-15:45<br />
40 State <strong>of</strong> the Art in <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping at Research Institutions, the Military, and<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> Surveys<br />
A015 11:00-12:55<br />
45 Current and Future Geodetic Satellite Missions and Their Applications to Geology A015 14:00-16:30
Rooms (Oral Presentations)<br />
1st Floor<br />
left side<br />
Ground Floor<br />
right side<br />
Ground Floor<br />
left side<br />
1st Floor<br />
Große Aula<br />
A015 A017 A021 A014 A016 A119 A125<br />
E120<br />
Room #<br />
8:00<br />
Session 1:<br />
Plenary:<br />
Global-Scale<br />
Processes<br />
8:30-10:40<br />
9:00<br />
10:00<br />
Monday, September 5<br />
Co�ee Break 10:40-11:00<br />
11:00<br />
Workshop<br />
W5<br />
Public Outreach<br />
11:00-12:40<br />
Session 4:<br />
Earth Surface<br />
in the<br />
Anthropocene<br />
11:00-13:25<br />
Session 6:<br />
Tectonics <strong>of</strong><br />
Central and<br />
East Asia<br />
11:00-12:40<br />
12:00<br />
Session 5:<br />
Geotechnologien<br />
11:00-15:30<br />
13:00<br />
Lunch Break*<br />
12:45-14:00<br />
Session 2:<br />
Evolution <strong>of</strong> the<br />
South Atlantic<br />
(SAMPLE)<br />
11:00-17:20<br />
Session 3:<br />
Natural<br />
Hazards,<br />
Catastrophes,<br />
and Risk<br />
Mitigation I<br />
11:00-16:40<br />
14:00<br />
W6<br />
Workshop für<br />
Lehrer und<br />
Studenten —<br />
Klima und Mehr<br />
14:00-16:30<br />
Session 16:<br />
GIS and<br />
3D-modeling<br />
in Geosciences<br />
14:00-16:25<br />
Session 14:<br />
Signi�cance <strong>of</strong><br />
large Strike-slip<br />
Fault Systems<br />
14:00-17:10<br />
15:00<br />
Co�ee Break<br />
15:00-15:45<br />
Session 15:<br />
Induced<br />
Seismicity<br />
15:45 - 17:20<br />
16:00<br />
Studium - und<br />
was dann?<br />
16:30 - 18:00<br />
17:00<br />
Posters<br />
(16:30-18:00)<br />
18:00<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 69<br />
*All-day sessions include lunch break from ca. 12:45-14:00.<br />
Ö�entlicher<br />
Abendvortrag<br />
(20:00-21:00)
Rooms (Oral Presentations)<br />
1st Floor<br />
left side<br />
Ground Floor<br />
right side<br />
Ground Floor<br />
left side<br />
1st Floor<br />
Große Aula<br />
A015 A017 A021 A014 A016 A119 A125<br />
E120<br />
Room #<br />
8:00<br />
Session 17:<br />
Plenary:<br />
Regional-Scale<br />
Processes<br />
8:30-10:30<br />
9:00<br />
10:00<br />
Tuesday, September 6<br />
70 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Co�ee Break 10:30-11:00<br />
11:00<br />
Tuesday<br />
Session 18:<br />
Recent MegathrustEarthquakes<br />
and Tsunamis I<br />
11:00-12:50<br />
Session 22:<br />
Natural<br />
Hazards,<br />
Catastrophes,<br />
and Risk<br />
Mitigation II<br />
11:00-13:05<br />
12:00<br />
Session 21:<br />
Energy<br />
Resources in<br />
Sedimentary<br />
Basins<br />
11:00-16:50<br />
Session 23:<br />
Earth Sciences<br />
for <strong>Society</strong>,<br />
Education in<br />
Earth Sciences<br />
and<br />
Geoheritage I<br />
11:00-16:45<br />
Session 19:<br />
Subduction and<br />
Collision<br />
Processes<br />
Through Time<br />
in the<br />
Mediterranean<br />
Area<br />
11:00-16:30<br />
Session 24:<br />
Special Session<br />
in Honor <strong>of</strong><br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Paul<br />
Schmidt-<br />
Thomé's100th<br />
Anniversary<br />
11:00-16:35<br />
Session 20:<br />
Dynamic Impact<br />
Cratering<br />
in Nature,<br />
Experiment<br />
and Model<br />
11:00-15:45<br />
13:00<br />
Lunch Break*<br />
12:45-14:00<br />
14:00<br />
Session 33:<br />
The Challenge<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Understanding<br />
Continental<br />
Intraplate<br />
Earthquakes<br />
14:00-17:05<br />
15:00<br />
Co�ee Break<br />
15:00-15:45<br />
Session 32:<br />
Geology &<br />
Health<br />
German Year <strong>of</strong><br />
Health Research<br />
15:30 - 18:00<br />
16:00<br />
17:00<br />
Posters<br />
(16:30-18:00)<br />
18:00<br />
*All-day sessions include lunch break from ca. 12:45-14:00.
Rooms (Oral Presentations)<br />
1st Floor<br />
left side<br />
Ground Floor<br />
right side<br />
Ground Floor<br />
left side<br />
1st Floor<br />
Große Aula<br />
A015 A017 A021 A014 A016 A119 A125<br />
E120<br />
Room #<br />
8:00<br />
Session 34:<br />
Plenary:<br />
Local-Scale<br />
Processes<br />
8:30-10:30<br />
9:00<br />
10:00<br />
Wednesday<br />
Wednesday September 7<br />
Co�ee Break 10:30-11:00<br />
11:00<br />
12:00<br />
13:00<br />
Session 38:<br />
Multi-Scale<br />
Sedimentary<br />
Basin Dynamics<br />
11:30-16:15<br />
Session 35:<br />
Recent<br />
Megathrust<br />
Earthquakes<br />
and Tsunamis:<br />
Observations<br />
and Processes II<br />
11:00-16:35<br />
Session 39:<br />
Earth Sciences<br />
for <strong>Society</strong>,<br />
Education in<br />
Earth Sciences<br />
and<br />
Geoheritage II<br />
11:00-15:45<br />
Session 40:<br />
State <strong>of</strong> the Art<br />
in <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Mapping<br />
11:00 - 12:55 Session 37:<br />
Geomorphology<br />
and Surface<br />
Processes <strong>of</strong><br />
Tectonically<br />
Active Regions<br />
Session 36:<br />
The Mantle<br />
in 4-D:<br />
Links between<br />
Global Plate<br />
Reconstructions<br />
and Mantle<br />
Tomography<br />
11:00-17:35<br />
Lunch Break*<br />
12:45-14:00<br />
14:00<br />
11:00 - 15:40<br />
Session 45:<br />
Geodetic<br />
Satellite<br />
Missions<br />
and Their<br />
Applications<br />
to Geology<br />
14:00-16:30<br />
15:00<br />
Co�ee Break<br />
15:00-15:45<br />
16:00<br />
17:00<br />
Posters<br />
(16:30-18:00)<br />
18:00<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 71<br />
*All-day sessions include lunch break from ca. 12:45-14:00.
LMU Main Building<br />
Ground Floor<br />
Amalienstraße<br />
Overview Map<br />
LMU Main Building<br />
LMU Munich Main Building - Ground Floor<br />
�rst aid<br />
A028<br />
WC-H<br />
WC-D<br />
A022<br />
A021<br />
conference area<br />
A017<br />
A016<br />
A015<br />
A014<br />
Information<br />
Registration<br />
72 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
A020<br />
left side<br />
right side<br />
Head<br />
O�ce<br />
cloakroom<br />
main entrance<br />
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
LMU Main Building<br />
First Floor<br />
Overview Map<br />
LMU Main Building<br />
A140<br />
M105<br />
LMU Munich Main Building - First Floor<br />
WC-H<br />
WC-D<br />
conference area<br />
A125<br />
poster area<br />
left side<br />
A119<br />
E120<br />
Große Aula<br />
Thomas-<br />
Mann-<br />
Halle<br />
P4<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 73<br />
Senate Rooms<br />
co�ee<br />
poster poster<br />
area area<br />
P1 P2<br />
poster<br />
area<br />
poster<br />
P3<br />
area<br />
P3<br />
stands
Session<br />
No.<br />
Monday, September 5th, 2011<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> Poster Session<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Poster Sessions<br />
74 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
Title Poster Hall Time*<br />
7 Open Session in Geosciences P3 8:30-18:00<br />
8 Open Session Structural Geology and Tectonics P1 8:30-18:00<br />
9 Multi-scale Sedimentary Basin Dynamics P2 8:30-18:00<br />
10 Transient Deformation in the Lithosphere at Conditions<br />
Changing over Short Periods <strong>of</strong> Time<br />
P1 8:30-18:00<br />
11 Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk Mitigation P1 8:30-18:00<br />
12 Geotechnologien P3 8:30-18:00<br />
13 Tectonics <strong>of</strong> Central and East Asia P2 8:30-18:00<br />
Tuesday, September 6th, 2011<br />
25 The Mantle in 4-D: Links between Global Plate Reconstructions<br />
and Mantle Tomography<br />
P2 8:30-18:00<br />
26 Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic, Adjacent Continents, and<br />
Passive Continental Margins in General<br />
P2 8:30-18:00<br />
27 Subduction and Collision Processes Through Time in the<br />
Mediterranean Area — From the Deep Mantle to the Surface<br />
P2 8:30-18:00<br />
28 Dynamic Impact Cratering in Nature, Experiment, and Model P4 8:30-18:00<br />
29 Induced Seismicity – From Observation to Geomechanical<br />
Understanding<br />
P1 8:30-18:00<br />
30 The Challenge <strong>of</strong> Understanding Continental Intraplate<br />
Earthquakes<br />
P1 8:30-18:00<br />
31 Energy Resources in Sedimentary Basins P4 8:30-18:00<br />
Wednesday, September 7th, 2011<br />
41 Geomorphology and Surface Processes <strong>of</strong> Tectonically Active<br />
Regions<br />
P1 8:30-18:00<br />
42 Local Events <strong>with</strong> Global Impact P3 8:30-18:00<br />
43 Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences and<br />
Geoheritage<br />
P3 8:30-18:00<br />
44 State <strong>of</strong> the Art in <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping at Research Institutions,<br />
the Military, and <strong>Geological</strong> Surveys<br />
P3 8:30-18:00<br />
* Authors will be present at their posters between 16:30 and 18:00.
P2-35 P2-36 P2-37 P2-38 P2-39 P2-40<br />
P2-33<br />
P1-33 P1-34 P1-35 P1-36 P1-37 P1-38<br />
Not to scale.<br />
P1-32<br />
P2-41 P2-42<br />
Use the floor plan on page 73 to<br />
find the location <strong>of</strong> these rooms.<br />
P2-43 P2-44 P2-45<br />
P2-31 P2-30 P2-29 P2-28 P2-27 P2-26<br />
P2-20 P2-21 P2-22 P2-23 P2-24 P2-25<br />
P2-19 P2-18 P2-17 P2-16 P2-15 P2-14<br />
P2-08 P2-09 P2-10 P2-11 P2-12 P2-13<br />
P2-32<br />
P1-39 P1-40<br />
P1-26 P1-25 P1-24 P1-23 P1-22 P1-21<br />
P1-15 P1-16 P1-17 P1-18 P1-19 P1-20<br />
P1-14 P1-13 P1-12 P1-11 P1-10 P1-09<br />
P1-03 P1-04 P1-05 P1-06 P1-07 P1-08<br />
Main entrance <strong>of</strong> each poster hall.<br />
P1-02 P1-01<br />
P2-07 P2-06 P2-05<br />
P2-02 P2-03 P2-04<br />
E110 (Senatsraum)<br />
E106 (Senatsraum)<br />
P1-31 P1-30 P1-29 P1-28 P1-27<br />
Floor Plans Poster Halls<br />
P2-01<br />
P1-41 P1-42<br />
P1-43<br />
poster supplies<br />
P1 P2<br />
P4-12<br />
P4-10<br />
P4-16<br />
P4-11 P4-13 P4-15<br />
P4-14<br />
P4-09<br />
Session 31 - Resources in Sedimentary Basins<br />
(P4-07 to P4-23)<br />
P4-17 P4-18 P4-19 P4-20 P4-21 P4-22 P4-23<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee<br />
Break<br />
P4-08 P4-07 P4-06 P4-05<br />
P4-04 P4-03 P4-02 P4-01<br />
Session 9 - Sedimentary Basin<br />
Dynamics<br />
(P2-19 to P2-31)<br />
Session 13 - Geology/Tectonics <strong>of</strong><br />
Central and East Asia<br />
(P2-43 to P2-45)<br />
Session 25 - Mantle in 4D<br />
(P2-01 to P2-03)<br />
Session 26 - Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South<br />
Atlantic (SAMPLE)<br />
(P2-32 to P2-42)<br />
Session 27 - Subduction/Collision in<br />
the Mediterranean<br />
(P2-04 to P2-18)<br />
Session 8 - Open Session in Structural<br />
Geology and Tectonics<br />
(P1-01 to P1-14)<br />
Session 10 - Transient Deformation <strong>of</strong><br />
the Lithosphere<br />
(P1-15 to P1-20)<br />
Session 11 - Natural Hazards<br />
(P1-33 to P1-40)<br />
Session 29 - Induced Seismicity<br />
(P1-27 to P1-32)<br />
Session 30 - Continental Intraplate<br />
Earthquakes<br />
(P1-41to P1-43)<br />
Session 41 - Surface Processes <strong>of</strong><br />
Tectonically Active Regions<br />
(P1-21 to P1-26)<br />
Session 28 - Impact Cratering (P4-01 to P4-06)<br />
P4<br />
P3<br />
Session 7 - Open Session in Geosciences (P4-06 to P4-09)<br />
Session 12 - Geotechnologien (P3-01 to P3-05)<br />
Session 42 - Local Events <strong>with</strong> Global Impact (P3-10 to P3-27)<br />
Session 43 - Geoeducation/Geoheritage (P3-28 to P3-36)<br />
Session 44 - <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping (P3-37 to P3-43)<br />
geoMunich2011: September 4-7, 2011, Munich, germany 75<br />
D183 (Thomas Mann Halle)<br />
P3-39 P3-40 P3-41 P3-42 P3-43<br />
P3-08 to P3-36 P3-38<br />
P3-06 P3-07<br />
P3-37<br />
P3-01 P3-02 P3-03 P3-04 P3-05
Guidelines for Speakers<br />
Please verify the time and duration <strong>of</strong> your oral presentation<br />
in the online program. The time available for presentation by<br />
invited speakers may be longer than indicated in the e-mail<br />
confirmation.<br />
Presenters have the option <strong>of</strong> either bringing their own laptop,<br />
or bringing a copy <strong>of</strong> their presentation on a USB stick or CD/<br />
DVD and load it onto a permanently installed Windows PC,<br />
as explained in detail below. Availability <strong>of</strong> a laser pointer is<br />
not guaranteed: if you must use one, please bring your own.<br />
All oral session lecture rooms are equipped <strong>with</strong> the following:<br />
• LCD projector<br />
• Windows-based PC<br />
• Laptop station<br />
• Microphone.<br />
The laptop station is a table <strong>with</strong> several independent sites<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> power sockets and a VGA plug each. Here,<br />
presenters can connect their laptops (in the order <strong>of</strong> presentation)<br />
before the session starts and remove them after the<br />
session has ended.<br />
The last site is permanently connected to the Windows-based<br />
PC, which has the following configuration:<br />
• Windows 7 operating system<br />
• Office 2003 and Office 2007 (for Powerpoint presentations)<br />
• Adobe Reader 10.1 (for PDF presentations)<br />
• VLC-Player 1.1.10, Adobe Flash 10.3, Quicktime Player<br />
7.6.9 – please note that all video players are installed only<br />
<strong>with</strong> standard codecs<br />
• Mozilla Firefox<br />
• Anti-Virus.<br />
Installation <strong>of</strong> personal laptops and loading <strong>of</strong> files onto the<br />
fixed PC must be done before your session starts. For the<br />
first morning session and for the first afternoon session, that<br />
means you should arrive 30 minutes before the scheduled start<br />
time. For all other sessions, you must install computers and<br />
load your presentation during the c<strong>of</strong>fee breaks: please go to<br />
your session Chair at the start <strong>of</strong> the break, and do not leave<br />
until your laptop is connected and working, or your presentation<br />
has been loaded and tested. Laptops can only be removed<br />
at the end <strong>of</strong> each session.<br />
If you choose to run your presentation from the fixed PC,<br />
please verify ahead <strong>of</strong> time that the format <strong>of</strong> your files<br />
matches the configuration listed above.<br />
We recommend that you bring your presentation on two<br />
different devices (USB stick, CD/DVD) in case there is a<br />
problem <strong>with</strong> one. In particular, authors who plan to bring<br />
their own laptop must also bring a PDF version <strong>of</strong> their<br />
presentation (plus individual movie files if necessary) and<br />
load it onto the Windows-PC. In case <strong>of</strong> any problems <strong>with</strong><br />
the connection between personal laptop and projector, this<br />
version will be used as an emergency backup. At the end <strong>of</strong><br />
the meeting, all files loaded onto the fixed Windows-PCs will<br />
be deleted.<br />
Please make sure you have all necessary power, video, and network<br />
adapters. Video adapters are especially important if you<br />
are planning to bring a Mac laptop, as there is a wide variety<br />
Information for Presenters<br />
76 Fragile earth: geological Processes from global to local Scales<br />
<strong>of</strong> video adapters for different laptop models and we cannot<br />
guarantee that a suitable one will be available if you forget to<br />
bring your own. If you bring your own laptop for presentation,<br />
please be sure to mark it <strong>with</strong> a unique sticker or name<br />
tag to be sure you can quickly identify your laptop before your<br />
presentation and to avoid picking up the wrong one at the end<br />
<strong>of</strong> the session.<br />
Guidelines for Poster Presenters<br />
• The poster panel is 117 cm by 145 cm (portrait format,<br />
i.e. the longest side is vertical).<br />
• Posters should be put up between Sunday evening (during<br />
the Icebreaker event) and Monday morning by 8:00.<br />
• Due to fire safety regulations, posters are not allowed to<br />
hang over any edge <strong>of</strong> the panel.<br />
• Tape should not be used on the boards (tacks will be suppllied).<br />
• All posters should stay up for the entire duration <strong>of</strong> the<br />
conference.<br />
• Authors are requested to be present at their posters every<br />
day from 16:30–18:00.<br />
• If you will arrive late or depart early, please give your<br />
poster to a colleague to set up at the meeting, and/or ask a<br />
colleague to take it down on Wednesday afternoon.<br />
• Any posters left on boards after 18:00 on Wednesday will<br />
be disposed <strong>of</strong>.<br />
Guidelines for Posters<br />
• The poster and presentation must cover the material cited<br />
in the abstract.<br />
• Include the background <strong>of</strong> your research followed by<br />
results and conclusions.<br />
• At the top <strong>of</strong> the poster, place the abstract number and<br />
title, and the authors’ names and presenting author’s<br />
contact information.<br />
• Prepare all diagrams or charts neatly and legibly in a size<br />
sufficient to be read at a distance <strong>of</strong> 2 meters. Paragraph<br />
and figure caption text should be at least 24-point font<br />
(0.9 cm height) and headers at least 36 point font (1.2 cm<br />
height).<br />
• Use different colors and textures/symbols for each line or<br />
bar contained in your graph or chart. A serif font (e.g.,<br />
Times) is <strong>of</strong>ten easier for reading main text, and a nonserif<br />
font (e.g., Arial or Helvetica) for headers and figure<br />
labels.<br />
• Avoid cluttering your poster <strong>with</strong> too much text. Label<br />
different elements as I, II, III; or 1, 2, 3; or A, B, C,<br />
making it easier for a viewer to follow your display.
Oral Technical SeSSiOnS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 1<br />
Technical Sessions<br />
Meeting policy prohibits the use <strong>of</strong> cameras<br />
or sound-recording equipment at technical<br />
sessions and poster sessions.<br />
S1. Plenary: Global-Scale Processes: Global Plate Motions &<br />
Structure and Dynamics <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s Mantle (LMU Fragile Earth<br />
Fund; German Science Foundation (DFG))<br />
08:45, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, E 120 (Grosse Aula)<br />
Hans-Peter Bunge, Presiding<br />
08:45 introductory remarks<br />
1-1 08:50 Müller, R. Dietmar*: The eVOlUTiOn OF The SOliD<br />
earTh OVer The PaST 200 MilliOn YearS:<br />
cOnSTrainTS FrOM ManTle STrUcTUre, PlaTe<br />
TecTOnic hiSTOrY, anD SUrFace GeOlOGY<br />
1-2 09:25 Kennett, Brian*: MaPPinG The ManTle WiTh SeiSMic<br />
TOMOGraPhY<br />
1-3 10:00 Gurnis, Michael*; Alisic, Laura; Stadler, Georg; Burstedde,<br />
Carsten; Ghattas, Omar; Wilcox, Lucas: The DYnaMicS OF<br />
PlaTe TecTOnicS anD ManTle FlOW: FrOM lOcal<br />
TO GlOBal ScaleS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 2<br />
T2D. Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic, Adjacent Continents, and<br />
Passive Continental Margins in General<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 125<br />
Ulrich Anton Glasmacher, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Hans-Peter<br />
Bunge, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks/ SPP 1375 SaMPle Overview<br />
(hans-Peter Bunge)<br />
2-1 11:15 Dalziel, Ian W.D.*; Lawver, Lawrence A.; Murphy, J. Brendan:<br />
The iniTiaTiOn OF The SOUTh aTlanTic Ocean<br />
BaSin<br />
2-2 11:45 Stein, Carol A.*; Stein, Seth; van der Lee, Suzan: learninG<br />
FrOM FailUre: neW inSiGhTS inTO cOnTinenTal<br />
riFTinG FrOM nOrTh aMerica’S FaileD MiDcOnTinenT<br />
riFT<br />
A no-smoking policy has been established by<br />
the Programme Committee and will be followed<br />
in all meeting rooms for technical sessions.<br />
Notice<br />
In the interest <strong>of</strong> public information, this meeting provides a forum for the presentation <strong>of</strong> diverse opinions<br />
and positions. The opinions (views) expressed by speakers and exhibitors at these sessions are their own<br />
and do not necessarily represent the views or policies <strong>of</strong> the sponsoring societies.<br />
Note iNdex system<br />
Numbers (3-4, 15-4) indicate session and order <strong>of</strong> presentation <strong>with</strong>in that session.<br />
*denotes speaker<br />
MOnDaY, 5 SePTeMBer 2011<br />
2-3 12:05 Heine, Christian*; Brune, Sascha: BreaKinG The<br />
craTOnic eQUaTOrial aTlanTic BriDGe: WhY<br />
There iS nO Saharan Ocean<br />
2-4 12:20 Colli, Lorenzo*; Fichtner, Andreas; Bunge, Hans-Peter: FUll<br />
WaVeFOrM TOMOGraPhY OF The SOUTh aTlanTic<br />
UPPer ManTle<br />
2-5 12:35 Wefer, Gerold*; Mulitza, Stefan; Schulz, Michael: lanD-<br />
Ocean inTeracTiOnS in aFrica recOrDeD in<br />
DeeP-Sea SeDiMenTS<br />
12:50 lunch Break<br />
2-6 14:00 Japsen, Peter*; Chalmers, James A.; Green, Paul F.;<br />
Bonow, Johan M.: eleVaTeD, PaSSiVe cOnTinenTal<br />
MarGinS: nOT riFT ShOUlDerS BUT eXPreSSiOnS<br />
OF ePiSODic, POST-riFT BUrial anD eXhUMaTiOn<br />
DriVen BY chanGeS in PlaTe MOTiOn anD/Or<br />
ManTle FlOW<br />
2-7 14:30 Flament, Nicolas E.*; Williams, Simon E.; Heine, Christian;<br />
Seton, Maria; Gurnis, Michael; Müller, R. Dietmar: eFFecT<br />
OF ManTle cOnVecTiOn On The TOTal TecTOnic<br />
SUBSiDence OF SOUTh aTlanTic MarGinS<br />
2-8 14:45 Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena*; Maystrenko, Yuriy; Autin,<br />
Julia; Sippel, Judith: The TherMal FielD OF PaSSiVe<br />
MarGinS aS DeriVeD FrOM 3D DaTaBaSeD,<br />
reGiOnal BaSin MODelS<br />
2-9 15:00 Autin, Julia; Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena*; Loegering,<br />
Markus J.; Anka, Zahie; Vallejo, Eduardo; Rodriguez,<br />
Jorge F.; Marchal, Denis; Dominguez, Fabian; Reichert,<br />
Christian; di Primio, Rolando: STrUcTUre anD<br />
eVOlUTiOn OF The cOlOraDO BaSin, arGenTine<br />
PaSSiVe MarGin<br />
2-10 15:15 Behrmann, Jan H.*; Planert, Lars; Jokat, Wilfried: TecTOnic<br />
eVOlUTiOn OF WalViS riDGe, OFFShOre naMiBia:<br />
eViDence FrOM reFlecTiOn SeiSMic anD hiGhreSOlUTiOn<br />
BaThYMeTric DaTa<br />
15:30 Break<br />
2-11 15:50 Rowley, David B.*; Forte, Alessandro M.; Moucha,<br />
Robert; Mitrovica, Jerry X.; Simmons, Nathan A.; Grant,<br />
Stephen P.: ManTle DYnaMic iMPacT On PaSSiVe<br />
Munich, Germany T1
SESSION NO. 2<br />
MarGin eVOlUTiOn: iMPlicaTiOnS FOr Their<br />
archiTecTUre anD DeriVeD Sea leVel hiSTOrieS<br />
2-12 16:20 Spasojevic, Sonja; Gurnis, Michael*: Sea leVel anD<br />
VerTical MOTiOn OF cOnTinenTS Since The laTe<br />
creTaceOUS FrOM DYnaMic earTh MODelS<br />
2-13 16:35 Nerlich, Rainer*; Clark, Stuart; Bunge, Hans-Peter: The<br />
ScOTia Sea GaTeWaY: nO OUTleT FOr PaciFic<br />
ManTle<br />
2-14 16:50 Brune, Sascha*; Popov, Anton; Sobolev, Stephan:<br />
cOnTinenTal BreaK-UP On reGiOnal anD GlOBal<br />
Scale: inSiGhTS FrOM 3D nUMerical MODelinG<br />
2-15 17:05 Kohlmann, Fabian*; Ksienzyk, Anna Katharina; Jacobs,<br />
Joachim; Fossen, Haakon: cOnSTraininG The<br />
eXhUMaTiOn hiSTOrY OF The nOrWeGian<br />
PaSSiVe MarGin ThrOUGh lOW-TeMPeraTUre<br />
TherMOchrOnOlOGical DaTa FrOM The<br />
SOGneFJOrD-harDanGerFJOrD reGiOnS,<br />
SW-nOrWaY<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 3<br />
T5B. Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk Mitigation I<br />
(Munich Reinsurance Company)<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 014<br />
Kurosch Thuro, Alex Allmann, Anselm Smolka, and Anke M. Friedrich, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
3-1 11:05 Smolka, Anselm*: riSK ManaGeMenT OF naTUral<br />
PerilS: The VieW OF a reinSUrer<br />
3-2 11:35 Zschau, Jochen*: MeeTinG The challenGeS OF<br />
earThQUaKe riSK DYnaMicS anD - GlOBaliSaTiOn<br />
3-3 12:05 Woessner, Jochen*; Wiemer, Stefan; Giardini, Domenico:<br />
harMOniZinG PrOBaBiliSTic SeiSMic haZarD<br />
aSSeSSMenT in eUrOPe: a MOMenT BalanceD<br />
aPPrOach<br />
3-4 12:25 Stein, Seth*: BaD MaPS Or BaD lUcK: WhY<br />
earThQUaKe haZarD MaPS OFTen Fail anD WhaT<br />
TO DO aBOUT iT<br />
12:55 lunch Break<br />
3-5 14:00 Furlong, Kevin P.*: The canTerBUrY, neW ZealanD<br />
earThQUaKe SeQUence: leSSOnS FrOM a Year OF<br />
earThQUaKeS<br />
3-6 14:20 Rubin, Jeffrey N.*: haZarD cOMMUnicaTiOn reQUireS<br />
KnOWinG “WhO” aS Well aS “hOW”<br />
3-7 14:40 Okal, Emile*: eleVen TSUnaMiS FrOM SUMaTra TO<br />
TOhOKU: haVe We BecOMe WiSer?<br />
15:10 Break<br />
3-8 15:30 Lauterjung, Joern*: TSUnaMi earlY WarninG FOr The<br />
inDian Ocean - leSSOnS learneD<br />
3-9 15:50 Blewitt, Ge<strong>of</strong>frey*; Bar-Sever, Yoaz; Gross, Richard;<br />
Hammond, William Charles; Hudnut, Kenneth W.;<br />
Khachikyan, Robert; Plag, Hans-Peter; Song, Y. Tony; Webb,<br />
Frank H.; Simons, Mark: a PrOTOTYPe SYSTeM FOr<br />
TSUnaMi earlY WarninG BaSeD On real-TiMe GPS<br />
3-10 16:10 Miller, Meghan*: GeODYnaMic inTeracTiOnS<br />
BeTWeen The liThOSPhere, crYOSPhere,<br />
aTMOSPhere anD hYDrOSPhere, aS reVealeD BY<br />
MODern SPace GeODeSY<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 4<br />
T7A. Earth Surface in the Anthropocene<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
Matthias Leopold and Joerg Voelkel, Presiding<br />
4-1 11:00 Friedrich, Jana*; Laptev, Gennady; Liebetrau, Volker:<br />
DaTinG OF cOaSTal Marine SeDiMenTS: 210Pb anD<br />
137cs in DanUBe-inFlUenceD BlacK Sea ShelF<br />
SeDiMenTS<br />
4-2 11:20 Holzwarth, Ulrike*; Dupont, Lydie; Möbius, Jürgen;<br />
Zonneveld, Karin A.F.; Schulz, Michael: WeSTern Sahel<br />
hYDrOlOGY anD lanD USe OVer The laST Three<br />
T2 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
Millennia: SeParaTinG naTUral VariaBiliTY FrOM<br />
anThrOPOGenic inDUceD chanGeS<br />
4-3 11:40 Heidak, Markus*; Glasmacher, Ulrich A.; Schöler, Heinfried;<br />
Hernández-Moreno, José M.; Casillas Ruiz, Ramon:<br />
eleMenT cOMPOSiTiOn OF laUrel FOreST<br />
rOcKS, SOilS, rOOTS anD leaVeS. in The FraMe<br />
OF GlOBal chanGe anD GlOBaliZaTiOn in The<br />
enVirOnMenT OF TeneriFe (canarY iSlanDS;<br />
SPain)<br />
4-4 12:00 Schneider, Anna*; Dötterl, Sebastien; Voelkel, Joerg;<br />
Leopold, Matthias; Hürkamp, Kerstin; Hilgers, Alexandra:<br />
OriGin anD aGe OF The lOWer BaVarian SanD-<br />
DUneS lanDScaPe arOUnD aBenSBerG anD<br />
SieGenBUrG<br />
4-5 12:20 Jotheri, Jaafar Hamzah Abdulhussein*: eViDenceS OF<br />
PaleOFlOOD in lOWer MeSOPOTaMian FlOOD<br />
Plain<br />
4-6 12:40 Makhlouf, Issa M.*: SeDiMenTOlOGY anD<br />
MOrPhOlOGY OF QUaTernarY TraVerTine<br />
4-7 13:00 Heine, Klaus*; Voelkel, Joerg: DeSerT FlaSh FlOOD<br />
SerieS - SlacKWaTer DePOSiTS anD FlOODOUTS in<br />
naMiBia: Their SiGniFicance FOr PalaeOcliMaTic<br />
anD enVirOnMenTal recOnSTrUcTiOnS in The<br />
anThrOPOcene<br />
13:20 Discussion<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 5<br />
T8A. Geotechnologien<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
Ute Münch, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
5-1 11:05 Heise, S.*; Arras, C.; Beyerle, G.; Michalak, G.; Schmidt, T.;<br />
Wickert, J.; Zus, F.: GPS raDiO OccUlTaTiOn aT GFZ:<br />
STaTUS anD recenT reSUlTS<br />
5-2 11:20 Wang, Xinxing*; Sand, Rolf: analYSiS OF The eXPecTeD<br />
laSer ranGinG SYSTeM PerFOrMance On<br />
Grace-c<br />
5-3 11:35 Murböck, Michael*; Pail, Roland; Gruber, Thomas; Reubelt,<br />
Tilo; Sneeuw, Nico; Fichter, Walter; Müller, Jürgen: The<br />
GerMan JOinT reSearch PrOJecT “cOncePTS<br />
FOr FUTUre GraViTY SaTelliTe MiSSiOnS”<br />
5-4 11:50 Pail, Roland*; Schuh, Wolf-Dieter: real-GOce – DaTa<br />
analYSiS anD aPPlicaTiOnS OF The SaTelliTe<br />
GraViTY GraDienT MiSSiOn GOce<br />
5-5 12:05 König, Daniel*; Dahle, Christoph; Neumayer, Karl-Hans;<br />
Flechtner, Frank; Gruber, Christian; Daras, Ilias: The neW<br />
GFZ eiGen-Grace06S GraViTY FielD MODel TiMe<br />
SerieS<br />
5-6 12:20 Lesur, Vincent; Korte, Monika*; Wardinski, Ingo; Hamoudi,<br />
Mohamed; Rother, Martin; Michaelis, Ingo; Rauberg, Jan;<br />
Lühr, Hermann: neUe erKennTniSSe ZUr FOrM UnD<br />
DYnaMiK DeS GeOMaGneTiSchen FelDeS<br />
12:35 lunch Break<br />
5-7 14:00 Müller, Christian*; Reinhold, Klaus; Riesenberg, Cornelia;<br />
Gerling, Johannes Peter: STOraGe caTalOGUe OF<br />
GerManY – SPeicher-KaTaSTer DeUTSchlanD<br />
5-8 14:15 Thomsen, Andreas*; Schmidt, Sabine; Götze, Hans-Jürgen;<br />
Altenbrunn, Kerstin; Breunig, Martin; Butwilowski, Edgar;<br />
Kuper, Paul Vincent: hanDlinG OF 3D SPaTial DaTa<br />
FOr JOinT ccS PrOJecT cO2-MoPa<br />
5-9 14:30 Alvers, Michael R.*; Götze, Hans-Jürgen: TOWarDS<br />
a SYnOPTic inTerPreTaTiOn OF airBOrne<br />
GeOPhYSical DaTa BY DiFFerenT inVerSiOn<br />
TechniQUeS anD iMMerSiVe ViSUaliZaTiOn<br />
5-10 14:45 Janneck, Eberhard; Burghardt, Diana; Simon, Elisabeth*;<br />
Damian, Christin; Martin, Mirko; Schöne, Gisbert; Meyer,<br />
Jürgen; Peiffer, Stefan: DeVelOPMenT OF an acTiVe<br />
Mine WaTer TreaTMenT TechnOlOGY BY USe OF<br />
SchWerTManniTe
5-11 15:00 Singer, John*; Thuro, Kurosch; Festl, Judith: cOST<br />
eFFecTiVe lanDSliDe MOniTOrinG WiTh TiMe<br />
DOMain reFlecTOMeTrY (TDr): FielD TeST<br />
eXPerienceS anD PerFOrMance eValUaTiOn<br />
5-12 15:15 Ivanova, Alexandra*; Lengler, Ursula; Lueth, Stefan; Juhlin,<br />
Christopher: QUanTiFicaTiOn OF cO2 MaSS inJecTeD<br />
aT KeTZin USinG 3D TiMe-laPSe SeiSMic DaTa anD<br />
MUlTiPhaSe FlOW MODelinG<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 6<br />
T10. Tectonics <strong>of</strong> Central and East Asia<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 017<br />
Benita-Lisette Sonntag, Jonas Kley, and Anke M. Friedrich, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
6-1 11:05 H<strong>of</strong>mann, Mandy*; Linnemann, Ulf; Rai, Vibhuti; Becker,<br />
Sindy; Gärtner, Andreas; Sagawe, Anja: The inDia anD<br />
SOUTh china craTOnS aT The MarGin OF rODinia<br />
– SYnchrOnOUS neOPrOTerOZOic MaGMaTiSM<br />
reVealeD BY la-icP-MS ZircOn analYSeS<br />
6-2 11:20 Han, Guoqing*; Neubauer, Franz; Liu, Yongjiang; Zhang,<br />
Xingzhou; Jin, Wei; Genser, Johann; Ren, Shoumai;<br />
Li, Wei: la-icP-MS U-PB DaTinG anD hF iSOTOPic<br />
cOMPOSiTiOnS OF DeTriTal ZircOnS FrOM The<br />
“PerMian” SanDSTOneS in Da hinGGan MOUnTainS,<br />
ne china: cOnSTrainTS On The eVOlUTiOn OF The<br />
eaSTern SeGMenT OF cenTral aSian OrOGenic<br />
BelT<br />
6-3 11:35 Kirscher, Uwe*; Mikolaichuk, Alexander; Alexeiev,<br />
Dmitry V.; Bachtadse, Valerian: cOnSTrainTS On The<br />
TecTOnic eVOlUTiOn OF The SOUThern SeGMenT<br />
OF The cenTral aSian OrOGenic BelT BY<br />
PaleOMaGneTic DaTa<br />
6-4 11:50 Sonntag, Benita-Lisette*; H<strong>of</strong>mann, Jakob; Lohr, Tina;<br />
Ratschbacher, Lothar; Schmalholz, Martina; Jonckheere,<br />
Raymond: inTra-cOnTinenTal ShOrTeninG alOnG<br />
The alai ValleY, PaMir-Tien Shan, cenTral aSia<br />
6-5 12:05 Kley, Jonas*; Voigt, Thomas; Seib, Nadine; Kober, Martin:<br />
SeDiMenTarY anD TecTOnic eVOlUTiOn OF<br />
The cenOZOic ili BaSin (nOrThern Tien Shan,<br />
KaZaKhSTan)<br />
6-6 12:25 Dogra, N.N. Sr.*; Singh, Y.R.; Thakur, O.P.; Kumar,<br />
Sandeep: PalYnOchrOnOlOGical cOnSTrainTS<br />
FrOM hiMalaYan FOrelanD BaSin anD Their<br />
iMPlicaTiOnS On inDia – aSia cOlliSiOn<br />
POSTer Technical SeSSiOnS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 7<br />
Open Session in Geosciences (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P3 (1st floor hallway)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
7-1 6 Tarabees, Elhamy*: aPPlicaTiOn OF The VelOciTY-<br />
DeViaTiOn lOG in DeTerMininG POre TYPeS anD<br />
PerMeaBiliTY TrenDS OF nUBia S.S FOrMaTiOn, in<br />
rUDeiS-SiDri area, GUlF OF SUeZ, eGYPT<br />
7-2 7 Parto, Fateme*: a neW MeThOD FOr Fire DeTecTiOn BaSe<br />
On SOil MOiSTUre inDeX<br />
7-3 8 Grupe, Gisela; Rott, Andreas; Söllner, Frank*: PrOVenance<br />
STUDieS in archaeOlOGY BY 87Sr/86Sr iSOTOPe raTiOS<br />
in MineraliZeD TiSSUeS – POTenTial anD PiTFallS<br />
USinG The eXaMPle OF ViKinG haiThaBU anD MeDieVal<br />
SchleSWiG<br />
7-4 9 Mekawy, Manal Sayed*: KnOWleDGe OF cliMaTe chanGe,<br />
Which PaSSeD BY eGYPT ThrOUGh GeOlOGic TiMe<br />
USinG OYSTerS<br />
SESSION NO. 9<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 8<br />
Open Session Structural Geology and Tectonics (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
8-1 1 Ewiak, Oktawian*; Victor, Pia; Ziegenhagen, Thomas; Oncken,<br />
Onno: hiGh reSOlUTiOn DiSPlaceMenT MOniTOrinG aT<br />
UPPer PlaTe FaUlTS in The n-chilean cOnVerGenT<br />
PlaTe BOUnDarY<br />
8-2 2 Leitner, Christoph*; Neubauer, Franz; Genser, Johann; Bernroider,<br />
Manfred; Borojevic-Šoštaric, Sibila; Rantitsch, Gerd; Urai, Janos L.;<br />
Marschallinger, Robert: DeFOrMaTiOn OF The alPine<br />
haSelGeBirGe FOrMaTiOn – STrUcTUreS, 40ar/39ar<br />
POlYhaliTe aGeS anD Their inTerPreTaTiOn<br />
8-3 3 Keil, Melanie*; Neubauer, Franz: cOMPleXiTieS OF an<br />
OrOGen-Parallel FaUlT SYSTeM: The MiOcene ennS<br />
ValleY BaSin (aUSTria) anD The nOrTh ennS ValleY<br />
FaUlT<br />
8-4 4 Aubele, Katharina*; Kirscher, Uwe; Bachtadse, Valerian; Durand,<br />
Marc; Ronchi, Ausonio: a PaleOMaGneTic STUDY OF<br />
PerMian anD TriaSSic rOcKS FrOM The TOUlOn-cUerS<br />
BaSin, Se France<br />
8-5 5 Kirscher, Uwe*; Aubele, Katharina; Ronchi, Ausonio; Muttoni,<br />
Giovanni; Bachtadse, Valerian: PaleOMaGneTiSM OF<br />
JUraSSic carBOnaTe rOcKS FrOM SarDinia - nO<br />
inDicaTiOn OF POST JUraSSic inTernal BlOcK<br />
rOTaTiOnS<br />
8-6 6 Sagawe, Anja*; Gärtner, Andreas; H<strong>of</strong>mann, Mandy; Linnemann,<br />
Ulf: SaMe SaMe BUT DiFFerenT – ZircOnS FrOM<br />
GraniTOiDS OF The SaXOnian GranUliTe MaSSiF<br />
8-7 7 Saki, Adel*; Moazzen, Mohssen: MiGMaTiTeS<br />
MicrOSTrUcTUreS anD ParTial MelTinG OF The<br />
haMaDan PeliTeS WiThin The alVanD aUreOle,<br />
WeST iran<br />
8-8 8 Lindenfeld, Michael*; Rümpker, Georg; Wölbern, Ingo; Batte,<br />
Arthur; Schumann, Andreas: liThOSPheric rUPTUrinG anD<br />
MaGMaTic PrOceSSeS in The rWenZOri reGiOn, eaST<br />
aFrican riFT<br />
8-9 9 Khorrami, Fateme*; Hessami, Khaled; Nankali, Hamid Reza;<br />
Tavakoli, Farokh: acTiVe TecTOnicS OF alBOrZ MOUnTain<br />
USinG cOnTinUOUS GPS MeaSUreMenTS<br />
8-10 10 Leonhardt, Roman*: OBSerVinG The earTh: The cOnraD<br />
OBSerVaTOrY, aUSTria<br />
8-11 11 H<strong>of</strong>mann, Florian*; Rosenau, Matthias; Schreurs, Guido; Friedrich,<br />
Anke M.: The eFFecT OF MaTerial PrOPerTieS On The<br />
STrUcTUral DeVelOPMenT OF analOGUe cOUlOMB<br />
WeDGeS<br />
8-12 12 Wenk, Linda*; Huhn, Katrin: hOW DOeS a ViScOUS<br />
laYer aFFecT The MechanicS anD KineMaTicS OF<br />
accreTiOnarY WeDGeS?<br />
8-13 13 Ademeso, Odunyemi Anthony*; Adekoya, Adeyinka John:<br />
relaTiOnShiP BeTWeen PeTrOGraPhY anD UniaXial<br />
cOMPreSSiVe STrenGTh OF SOMe crYSTalline<br />
BaSeMenT cOMPleX rOcKS OF SOMe areaS in<br />
SOUThWeSTern niGeria<br />
8-14 14 Tong, Hengmao*: aPPlYinG reacTiVaTiOn TenDencY<br />
analYSiS TheOrY anD MOhr-SPace TO eValUaTe<br />
STrenGTh DecreaSe anD aniSOTrOPieS WiTh PreeXiSTinG<br />
WeaKneSS(eS) UnDer UniFOrM STreSS STaTe<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 9<br />
T2B. Multi-scale Sedimentary Basin Dynamics (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
9-1 19 Gärtner, Andreas*; Sagawe, Anja; H<strong>of</strong>mann, Mandy; Kleber, Arno;<br />
Ullrich, Bernd; Linnemann, Ulf: hiGh reSOlUTiOn ZircOn<br />
PrOVenance analYSiS cOMPileD FrOM recenT riVer<br />
SanDS<br />
Munich, Germany T3
SESSION NO. 9<br />
9-2 20 Flament, Nicolas E.*; Gurnis, Michael; Müller, R. Dietmar:<br />
MODelinG The eFFecT OF ManTle DYnaMicS On The<br />
TOTal TecTOnic SUBSiDence OF riFTeD PaSSiVe<br />
MarGinS<br />
9-3 21 Williams, Simon E.; Whittaker, Joanne M.; Müller, Dietmar;<br />
Heine, Christian*: TeSTinG MODelS FOr The Pre-riFT<br />
cOnFiGUraTiOn OF aUSTralia anD anTarcTica<br />
9-4 22 Engelbrecht, Hubert*: laTe PalaeOZOic SeDiMenTarY<br />
BaSin FOrMaTiOn anD inVerSiOn in TUScanY, iTalY<br />
9-5 23 Blanc, Eric J.-P.*; Heine, Christian: Oceanic riDGearc<br />
cOlliSiOn aS a TriGGer FOr acTiVe MarGin<br />
cOnTinenTal GrOWTh: eViDenceS FOr The SaKhalin<br />
reGiOn anD Sea OF OKhOTSK, eaSTern rUSSia<br />
9-6 24 Arfai, Jashar*; Jähne, Fabian; Thöle, Hauke; Lutz, Rüdiger:<br />
SeiSMic inTerPreTaTiOn OF The DeeP SUB-SUrFace OF<br />
The nOrThWeSTern GerMan nOrTh Sea<br />
9-7 25 Jähne, Fabian*; Kley, Jonas: STrUcTUral BalancinG OF The<br />
lOWer SaXOnY BaSin anD The SOUThern BOrDer OF<br />
The nOrThWeST GerMan BaSin<br />
9-8 26 Nitsch, Edgar*; Rupf, Isabel; Franz, Matthias: MUlTi-Scale<br />
SUBSiDence VariaBiliTY anD BaSeMenT heriTaGe in<br />
ePicOnTinenTal BaSinS – caSe STUDieS FrOM The<br />
MeSOZOic OF SOUTh-WeSTern GerManY<br />
9-9 27 Nitsch, Edgar*; Wielandt-Schuster, Ulrike; Rupf, Isabel; Beccaletto,<br />
Laurent: cliMaTic VS. TecTOnic cOnTrOl On FacieS anD<br />
SaliniTY chanGeS in an eOcene riFT laKe, UPPer<br />
rhine GraBen, cenTral eUrOPe<br />
9-10 28 Bebiolka, Anke*; Kuhlmann, Gesa: characTeriSTicS OF<br />
UPPer PaleOZOic anD MeSOZOic SeDiMenTS aS<br />
DePicTeD FrOM BOrehOle eViDence in The GerMan<br />
nOrTh Sea BaSin<br />
9-11 29 Thöle, Hauke*; Reinhardt, Lutz; Kuhlmann, Gesa: laTe<br />
cenOZOic DelTa DePOSiTiOn in The GerMan nOrTh Sea<br />
9-12 30 Weber, Karolin*; Gast, Sascha; Kuhlmann, Gesa: FrOM FacieS<br />
VariaTiOnS TO PeTrOPhYSical PrOPerTieS: eXaMPleS<br />
FrOM The lOWer TriaSSic OF The nOrTh-eaSTern<br />
GerMan BaSin<br />
9-13 31 Slama, Jiri*; Kosler, Jan: TeSTinG The accUracY OF<br />
DeTriTal ZircOn aGe PrOVenance – naTUral anD<br />
eXPeriMenTal aPPrOach<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 10<br />
T3E. Transient Deformation in the Lithosphere at Conditions<br />
Changing over Short Periods <strong>of</strong> Time (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
10-1 15 Dokukina, Ksenia*: hiGh-VelOciTY DeFOrMaTiOn anD<br />
SYnchrOnOUS MaFic MelT inTrUSiOn<br />
10-2 16 Nüchter, Jens-Alexander; Wassmann, Sara*; Stöckhert, Bernhard:<br />
The recOrD OF STreSS cYcleS in FrOnT OF a<br />
PrOPaGaTinG ThrUST FaUlT<br />
10-3 17 Kruhl, Jörn H.*; Stäb, Christian: QUarTZ MicrOFaBricS aS<br />
inDicaTOrS OF hiGh- TO lOW-TeMPeraTUre ShearinG<br />
UnDer VariaBle raTeS OF DeFOrMaTiOn<br />
10-4 18 Druiventak, Anthony G.*; Trepmann, Claudia A.; Matysiak,<br />
Agnes K.; Renner, Jörg: KicK anD cOOK OF PeriDOTiTe:<br />
cOSeiSMic lOaDinG anD POSTSeiSMic relaXaTiOn<br />
VerSUS STeaDY-STaTe creeP<br />
10-5 19 Dokukina, Ksenia*; Bayanova, Tamara B.; Konilov, Alexander;<br />
Van, K.V.: MeZOarchean MeTaPSeUDOTachYliTe aS<br />
eViDenceS OF SeiSMic DeFOrMaTiOn OF The earlY<br />
PrecaMBrian cOnTinenTal crUST (BelOMOrian<br />
eclOGiTe PrOVince)<br />
10-6 20 Matysiak, Agnes K.*; Stöckhert, Bernhard; Trepmann, Claudia:<br />
cYclic nOn-STeaDY STaTe DeFOrMaTiOn recOrDeD<br />
BY PeriDOTiTeS OF The FinerO cOMPleX (iVrea ZOne,<br />
WeSTern alPS)<br />
T4 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 11<br />
T5B. Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk Mitigation (Posters)<br />
(Munich Reinsurance Company)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
11-1 33 Elsner, Martin*; Scholz, Herbert: MaSS MOVeMenTS<br />
WiThin cOnGlOMeraTeS in The KaUFBeUren area<br />
(BaVaria, SOUTh GerManY) – iDenTiFicaTiOn anD riSK<br />
PreDicTiOn<br />
11-2 34 Chen, Kuang-Jung*; Chiu, Bonbbon; Lee, Cheng-Yu: eSTiMaTiOn<br />
OF MaXiMUM SeiSMic inTenSiTY<br />
11-3 35 Kawano, Noriyuki*: alOS/PalSar OBSerVaTiOnS FOr<br />
FlOODinG area BY TSUManiS - JaPan TOUhOKU<br />
earThQUaKe<br />
11-4 36 Riaz, Somana*: MeGa MOnSOOn FlOODS OF 2010 in<br />
PaKiSTan: cliMaTe chanGe On iT WaY<br />
11-5 37 Elbeshausen, Dirk*; Wünnemann, Kai: characTeriSTicS OF<br />
Oceanic WaVeS caUSeD BY lanDSliDeS<br />
11-6 38 Patula, Simone*: SUScePTiBiliTY MaPS FOr GeOlOGical<br />
haZarDS in BaVaria<br />
11-7 39 Arslan, Arzu*; Huhn, Katrin: nUMerical MODelinG OF<br />
TranSienT POre PreSSUre aS a TriGGer MechaniSM<br />
OF SeDiMenT FailUre<br />
11-8 40 Knappett, Peter S.K.*; Herzyk, Agnieszka; Qiu, Shiran; Larentis,<br />
Michael; Granitsiotis, Michael S.; Marozava, Sviatlana; Hünniger,<br />
Marko; Griebler, Christian; Elsner, Martin; Lueders, Tillmann:<br />
GrOUnDWaTer MODel ecOSYSTeM lOnG-TerM<br />
eXPeriMenT<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 12<br />
T8A. Geotechnologien (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P3 (1st floor hallway)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
12-1 1 Rechlin, A.J.*; Giese, R.; Lüth, S.; Pollom, U.; Jetschny, S.;<br />
Bohlen, T.: SeiSMic eXPlOraTiOn FOr UnDerGrOUnD<br />
DeVelOPMenT (SOUnD)<br />
12-2 2 Herd, Rainer*; Krause, Yvonne; Schafrik, Wlad:<br />
elecTrOMaGneTic anD GeOelecTric inVeSTiGaTiOn<br />
OF The FreShWaTer-SalTWaTer-BOUnDarY in eaSTern<br />
BranDenBUrG, GerManY<br />
12-3 3 Jahnke, Christoph*; Endler, Ricarda; Janetz, Silvio; Jolie, Egbert;<br />
Kempka, Thomas; Kühn, Michael; Moeck, Inga; Zimmermann,<br />
Günter: FreShWaTer SaliniZaTiOn – analYSiS anD<br />
MODellinG WiTh reGarD TO cO2 STOraGe in Saline<br />
aQUiFerS<br />
12-4 4 Amann, Alexandra*; Rick, Ines; Bertier, Pieter; Weniger,<br />
Philipp; Krooss, Bernhard M.: TranSPOrT anD SealinG<br />
PrOPerTieS OF claY-rich liThOTYPeS eXPOSeD TO cO2<br />
12-5 5 Riesenberg, Cornelia*; Müller, Christian; Reinhold, Klaus:<br />
inFOrMaTiOn SYSTeM On GeOlOGical reSerVOir anD<br />
Barrier rOcKS in GerManY (STOraGe caTalOGUe OF<br />
GerManY)<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 13<br />
T10. Tectonics <strong>of</strong> Central and East Asia (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
13-1 43 Li, Wei*; Liu, Yongjiang; Neubauer, Franz; Genser, Johann;<br />
Ren, Shoumai; Han, Guoqing; Liang, Chenyue: la-icP-MS U-PB<br />
ZircOn aGeS OF GraniTOiDS anD recenT riVer SanDS<br />
OF The QiManTaGh, WeSTern china: cOnSTrainTS On<br />
The cOMPOSiTiOn OF QiManTaGh MaGMaTic arc anD<br />
iMPlicaTiOnS FOr The PaleO-TeThYS Ocean<br />
13-2 44 Sonntag, Benita-Lisette*; Ratschbacher, Lothar; Jonckheere,<br />
Raymond; Staiger, Martin; Appel, Erwin; Gloaguen, Richard;
Dassinies, Matthias: The TerTiarY hiSTOrY OF The TiBeT<br />
PlaTeaU: The DOGai cOrinG FOlD-ThrUST BelT OF The<br />
QianGTanG Terrane<br />
13-3 45 Kober, Martin*; Seib, Nadine; Kley, Jonas; Voigt, Thomas: ThicK-<br />
SKinneD ThrUSTinG in The nOrThern Tien Shan<br />
FOrelanD, KaZaKhSTan: STrUcTUral inheriTance<br />
anD POlYPhaSe DeFOrMaTiOn<br />
Oral Technical SeSSiOnS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 14<br />
T2C. Significance <strong>of</strong> Large Strike-slip Fault Systems — Active<br />
and Ancient<br />
14:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 017<br />
Wolfgang Franke and A.M. Celâl Şengör, Presiding<br />
14:00 introductory remarks<br />
14-1 14:05 Natal’In, Boris*; Şengör, A.M. Celâl: PerMian-TriaSSic<br />
TranScOnTinenTal Shear ZOneS in nOrThern<br />
aSia anD eaSTern eUrOPe<br />
14-2 14:35 Şengör, A.M. Celâl*; UçarkuŞ, Gülsen; İmren, Caner; Rangin,<br />
Claude; Le Pichon, Xavier; Özeren, Sinan; Natal’In, Boris:<br />
BrOaD Shear ZOneS anD narrOW STriKe-SliP<br />
FaUlTS in OrOGenS anD Their rOle in FOrMinG<br />
The OrOGenic archiTecTUre: The nOrTh<br />
anaTOlian FaUlT aS an acTiVe eXaMPle<br />
14-3 15:05 Nitsch, Edgar*; Anders, Birte; Beccaletto, Laurent;<br />
Dresmann, Horst; Rupf, Isabel; Tesch, Jörg; Zumsprekel,<br />
Heiko: anaTOMY OF a Wrench riFT reViSiTeD:<br />
TOWarDS a 3D STrUcTUral MODel OF The UPPer<br />
rhine GraBen<br />
15:20 Break<br />
14-4 15:40 Montes, Camilo*; Bayona, Germán; Cardona, Agustin;<br />
Buchs, David: crYPTic STriKe-SliP FaUlTinG<br />
ShUTTinG DOWn iSlanD arc MaGMaTiSM: The<br />
iSThMUS OF PanaMa<br />
14-5 15:55 Tik<strong>of</strong>f, Basil*; DeMets, Charles; Garibaldi, Nicolas;<br />
Hernández, Walter; Hernández, Douglas: inTeracTiOn<br />
OF DeFOrMaTiOn anD MaGMaTiSM alOnG The el<br />
SalVaDOr VOlcanic arc<br />
14-6 16:10 Mezger, Jochen E.*; Schnapperelle, Stephan; Rölke,<br />
Christopher: The SiGniFicance OF STeeP reGiOnal<br />
FaUlT anD Shear ZOneS FOr The DeVelOPMenT<br />
OF GneiSS DOMeS WiThin The VariScan cOre ZOne<br />
OF The PYreneeS: STriKe-SliP Or reVerSe FaUlTS<br />
14-7 16:25 Franke, Wolfgang*: MaJOr STriKe-SliP FaUlTS in The<br />
VariSciDeS: KineMaTicS anD TherMal eFFecTS<br />
14-8 16:40 Dewey, John F.*: TranSTenSiOn in The BriTTle FielD:<br />
The eaSTern caliFOrnia Shear ZOne<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 15<br />
T3D. Induced Seismicity – From Observation to Geomechanical<br />
Understanding<br />
15:45, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
Oliver Heidbach and Birgit Müller, Presiding<br />
15:45 introductory remarks<br />
15-1 15:50 Lenhardt, Wolfgang A.*: rOcKBUrSTS in DeeP MineS<br />
15-2 16:05 Shapiro, Serge A.*; Krüger, Oliver; Dinske, Carsten;<br />
Langenbruch, Cornelius: PhYSicS OF FlUiD-inDUceD<br />
SeiSMiciTY anD iTS MaGniTUDe DiSTriBUTiOn<br />
15-3 16:20 Goertz-Allmann, Bettina P.*; Bachmann, Corinne; Wiemer,<br />
Stefan; Mena, Banu; Woessner, Jochen; Deichmann,<br />
Nicholas: SOUrce PrOPerTY VariaTiOnS OF inDUceD<br />
SeiSMiciTY in GeOTherMal reSerVOirS<br />
15-4 16:35 Gritto, Roland*; Jarpe, Steven: SPaTial-TeMPOral<br />
VariaTiOnS OF SeiSMiciTY anD reSerVOir<br />
PrOPerTieS aT The GeYSerS GeOTherMal FielD,<br />
ca, USa<br />
SESSION NO. 17<br />
15-5 16:50 Mayr, Sibylle I.*; Stanchits, Sergei; Dresen, Georg; Shapiro,<br />
Serge A.: acOUSTic eMiSSiOn inDUceD BY POre-<br />
PreSSUre PUlSeS in SanDSTOne SaMPleS<br />
15-6 17:05 Lenhardt, Wolfgang A.*; Meurers, Rita: TreMOrS OF<br />
The FiFTh KinD – OBSerVaTiOn OF near SUrFace<br />
MOVeMenTS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 16<br />
T8E. GIS and 3D-Modeling in Geosciences<br />
14:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
Rouwen Lehne, Helmut Schaeben, and Joachim Post, Presiding<br />
14:00 introductory remarks<br />
16-1 14:05 Wessel, Paul*; Smith, Walter H.F.; Scharroo, Remko;<br />
Luis, Joaquim: The Generic MaPPinG TOOlS (GMT)<br />
VerSiOn 5<br />
16-2 14:20 Müller, R. Dietmar*; Gurnis, Michael; Torsvik, Trond H.:<br />
GPlates: Free SOFTWare FOr linKinG<br />
OBSerVaTiOnS TO PlaTe KineMaTic anD DYnaMic<br />
earTh MODelS<br />
16-3 14:35 Gast, Sascha*; Kuhlmann, Gesa; Wirth, Holger; May, Franz:<br />
GeOlOGical 3D-MODellinG aS eValUaTiOn TOOl<br />
OF cO2-STOraGe SiTeS - One eXaMPle FrOM The<br />
nOrTh GerMan BaSin<br />
16-4 14:50 Arndt, Dirk*; Bär, Kristian; Sass, Ingo; Hoppe, Andreas:<br />
GeOlOGical STrUcTUral MODelinG OF The<br />
FeDeral STaTe OF heSSe (GerManY) TO eValUaTe<br />
GeO-POTenTialS<br />
15:05 Break<br />
16-5 15:25 Rupf, Isabel*; Anders, Birte; Beccaletto, Laurent; Dresmann,<br />
Horst; Nitsch, Edgar; Tesch, Jörg; Zumsprekel, Heiko:<br />
reGiOnal/TranSnaTiOnal 3D MODelinG in The<br />
UPPer rhine GraBen WiThin The inTerreG<br />
PrOJecT GeOrG<br />
16-6 15:40 Etzold, Sven*; Torchala, Bernd; Block, Carsten; Richter, Jens:<br />
DeSiGn anD DeVelOPMenT OF The cOUnTrYWiDe<br />
hYDrOGeOlOGical 3D DaTaBaSe OF SaXOnY<br />
16-7 15:55 Knobloch, Andreas*; Noack, Silke; Barth, Andreas;<br />
Zeidler, Matthias Karl; Etzold, Sven; Bennewitz, Evelyn:<br />
PreDicTiOn OF rainFall-GeneraTeD SOil erOSiOn<br />
PrOceSSeS WiTh arTiFicial neUral neTWOrKS<br />
anD GiS<br />
16-8 16:10 Thapa, Prem B.*; Hoppe, Andreas; Lehné, Rouwen J.:<br />
SPaTial inTeGraTiOn OF GeO-enVirOnMenTal<br />
VariaBleS FOr MODellinG OF lanDSliDe haZarD<br />
anD riSK, cenTral nePal hiMalaYa<br />
TUeSDaY, 6 SePTeMBer 2011<br />
Oral Technical SeSSiOnS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 17<br />
S2. Plenary: Regional-Scale Processes: Plate Boundary Evolution<br />
and Deformation in Convergent Settings: The Alpine-Himalayan<br />
Collision Zone (LMU Fragile Earth Fund; German Science<br />
Foundation (DFG))<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, E 120 (Grosse Aula)<br />
Mark Handy and B. Clark Burchfiel, Presiding<br />
08:30 introductory remarks<br />
17-1 08:35 Schmid, Stefan M.*: archiTecTUre anD eVOlUTiOn OF<br />
The alPine-MeDiTerranean cOlliSiOn ZOne<br />
17-2 09:15 Spakman, Wim*: a TOMOGraPhic VieW On<br />
SUBDUcTiOn DYnaMicS OF The MeDiTerranean-<br />
TeThYan realM<br />
17-3 09:55 Becker, Thorsten W.*; Faccenna, Claudio: On The rOle<br />
OF UPPer ManTle FlOW in The alPine-hiMalaYan<br />
cOlliSiOn<br />
10:35 Discussion<br />
Munich, Germany T5
SESSION NO. 18<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 18<br />
Special Session: Recent Megathrust Earthquakes and Tsunamis:<br />
Observations and Processes I (LMU Fragile Earth Fund; GSA<br />
International Section; GSA Structural Geology and Tectonics<br />
Division)<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
Fumiko Taijima and Heiner Igel, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
18-1 11:05 Kopp, Heidrun*: SUBDUcTiOn SYSTeM STrUcTUre<br />
anD FOrearc MOrPhOlOGY: cOnTrOl On<br />
SeiSMOGenic rUPTUre<br />
18-2 11:35 Rosenau, Matthias*; Oncken, Onno: FaUlT<br />
SYnchrOniZaTiOn anD The liKelihOOD OF GianT<br />
earThQUaKeS alOnG SUBDUcTiOn MeGaThrUSTS<br />
18-3 11:50 Carena, Sara*: SUBDUcTinG-PlaTe TOPOGraPhY anD<br />
nUcleaTiOn OF GreaT anD GianT earThQUaKeS<br />
alOnG The SOUTh aMerica Trench<br />
18-4 12:05 Müller, Dietmar*; Landgrebe, Thomas C.W.: GreaT<br />
earThQUaKeS anD The SUBDUcTiOn OF aSeiSMic<br />
riDGeS, VOlcanic chainS anD FracTUre ZOneS<br />
18-5 12:20 López, Allan*: hOliSTic FaUlT reacTiVaTiOn<br />
ScenariOS linKeD TO The lOnG eXPecTeD neW<br />
eDiTiOn OF The nicOYa BiG One earThQUaKe,<br />
cOSTa rica<br />
18-6 12:35 Rieger, Stefanie*; Adam, Nico; Friedrich, Anke M.:<br />
VerTical DiSPlaceMenT aBOVe a SUBDUcTiOn<br />
ZOne (SW creTe): SPaTial cOinciDence OF<br />
cO- anD inTerSeiSMic SUrFace UPliFT — FrOM<br />
hiSTOric DaTa anD PerSiSTenT ScaTTerer<br />
inTerFerOMeTrY analYSiS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 19<br />
T2A. Subduction and Collision Processes Through Time in the<br />
Mediterranean Area — From the Deep Mantle to the Surface I<br />
(GSA International Section; German Science Foundation (DFG))<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 021<br />
Mark Handy and B. Clark Burchfiel, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
19-1 11:05 Faccenna, Claudio*: SUBDUcTiOn anD ManTle<br />
DYnaMicS in The MeDiTerranean<br />
19-2 11:25 Gutscher, Marc-Andre*; Dominguez, Stephane; Westbrook,<br />
Graham; Le Roy, Pascal; Rosas, Filipe; Duarte, Joao;<br />
Terrinha, Pedro; Miranda, Jorge Miguel; Gailler, Audrey;<br />
Sallares, Valenti: The GiBralTar SUBDUcTiOn: a<br />
DecaDe OF neW GeOPhYSical DaTa anD The<br />
iMPlicaTiOnS FOr reGiOnal KineMaTicS anD<br />
haZarD aSSeSSMenT<br />
19-3 11:40 Kissling, Eduard*: alPine cOlliSiOn TecTOnicS anD<br />
Their DriVinG FOrceS<br />
19-4 12:00 Handy, Mark R.*; Rosenberg, C.L.; Ustaszewski, Kamil:<br />
FraGMenTaTiOn OF The aDriaTic inDenTer anD<br />
iTS BearinG On a MiOcene SWiTch in SUBDUcTiOn<br />
POlariTY BeneaTh The eaSTern alPS<br />
19-5 12:15 Neubauer, Franz*; Heberer, Bianca: STrUcTUral<br />
eVOlUTiOn OF an eXTrUSiOnal WeDGe:<br />
cOnSTrainTS FrOM a FOrGOTTen FaUlT SYSTeM in<br />
The eaSTern alPS<br />
19-6 12:30 Casale, Gabriele M.*; Cowan, Darrel S.; Bennett, Richard A.:<br />
FielD anD TherMOchrOnOlOGic eViDence OF The<br />
eXTenSiOnal eXhUMaTiOn OF The MiD-BOSnian<br />
SchiST MOUnTainS<br />
12:45 lunch Break<br />
19-7 14:00 Royden, Leigh H.*: SUBDUcTiOn ZOne DYnaMicS in<br />
The MeDiTerranean: TheOrY anD OBSerVaTiOnS<br />
19-8 14:20 Paul, Anne*; Salaun, Gwenaelle; Pedersen, Helle: neW<br />
S-WaVe VelOciTY MODel anD aniSOTrOPY<br />
MeaSUreMenTS FOr The UPPer ManTle BeneaTh<br />
The aeGean anD anaTOlia: iMaGeS OF a VerY<br />
cOMPleX SUBDUcTiOn SYSTeM<br />
T6 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
19-9 14:40 Scherreiks, Rudolph*; Meléndez, Guillermo; Fermeli,<br />
Georgía; Baumgartner, Peter O.; Boudagher-Fadel, Marcelle;<br />
Bosence, Dan: a TiMe-TranSGreSSiVe OPhiOliTe-<br />
PlaTFOrM cOlliSiOn (laTe MiDDle JUraSSic TO<br />
earlY creTaceOUS, PelaGOnian ZOne, eVVOia,<br />
Greece)<br />
19-10 14:55 Gessner, Klaus*; Markwitz, Vanessa; Gallardo, Luis; Ring,<br />
Uwe: iS The MenDereS MaSSiF in TUrKeY One BiG<br />
neOGene Shear ZOne?<br />
15:10 Break<br />
19-11 15:30 Reilinger, Robert*; McClusky, Simon: SlOWinG OF<br />
aFrica-eUraSia cOnVerGence PrOViDeS<br />
a UniFYinG, DYnaMic MechaniSM FOr<br />
MeDiTerranean/MiDDle eaST TecTOnicS<br />
19-12 15:50 Schildgen, Taylor F.*; Cosentino, Domenico; Strecker,<br />
Manfred R.; Yildirim, Cengiz: SUrFace eXPreSSiOn OF<br />
eaSTern MeDiTerranean SlaB DYnaMicS: The<br />
PaTTern anD TiMinG OF SUrFace UPliFT aT The<br />
SOUThern MarGin OF The cenTral anaTOlian<br />
PlaTeaU<br />
19-13 16:05 Burchfiel, B. Clark*: The BanGOnG SUTUre in<br />
SOUTheaST TiBeT: a eXTenDeD cOnTinenTal<br />
MarGin OPhiOliTe<br />
16:20 Discussion<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 20<br />
T3C. Dynamic Impact Cratering in Nature, Experiment, and Model<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
Thomas Kenkmann, Alex Deutsch, and Kai Wünnemann, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
20-1 11:05 Mayr, Sibylle I.*; Popov, Yuri; Romushkevich, Raisa;<br />
Burkhardt, Hans; Wilhelm, Helmut: cOMPariSOn OF<br />
PeTrOPhYSical PrOPerTieS OF iMPacTiTeS FOr<br />
FOUr MeTerOriTic iMPacT STrUcTUreS<br />
20-2 11:20 Wilhelm, Helmut*; Burkhardt, Hans; Popov, Yuri; Heidinger,<br />
Philipp; Mayr, Sibylle I.; Romushkevich, Raisa; Gorobtsov,<br />
Denis: The TherMO-hYDraUlic reGiMe OF The<br />
cheSaPeaKe BaY iMPacT STrUcTUre<br />
20-3 11:35 Artemieva, Natalia*: nUMerical MODelinG OF The<br />
chicXUlUB eJecTa<br />
20-4 11:55 de Niem, Detlef*: eJecTa FlOW PhenOMena in iMPacT<br />
craTerinG<br />
20-5 12:10 Schulte, Peter*; Deutsch, Alex; Smit, Jan; Salge, Tobias:<br />
TSUnaMi BacKWaSh DePOSiTS WiTh chicXUlUB<br />
iMPacT eJecTa anD DinOSaUr reMainS FrOM The<br />
creTaceOUS-PalaeOGene BOUnDarY in The la<br />
POPa BaSin, MeXicO<br />
20-6 12:25 Ormö, Jens*; King, David; Sturkell, Erik; Lepinette, Alain:<br />
caTaSTrOPhic WaTer MOVeMenTS aT Marine<br />
iMPacT eVenTS<br />
20-7 12:40 Wünnemann, Kai*; Elbeshausen, Dirk; Weiss, Robert:<br />
cOMPariSOn OF TSUnaMi WaVeS GeneraTeD BY<br />
MeTeOriTe iMPacTS anD lanDSliDeS<br />
12:55 lunch Break<br />
20-8 14:00 Poelchau, Michael H.*; Hoerth, Tobias; Schäfer, Frank;<br />
Wünnemann, Kai; Kenkmann, Thomas; Deutsch, Alexander;<br />
Thoma, Klaus: eXPeriMenTal iMPacT craTerinG: The<br />
MeMin-PrOJecT<br />
20-9 14:15 Dufresne, Anja*; Poelchau, Michael H.; Kenkmann,<br />
Thomas: TracinG The TranSienT craTer in iMPacT<br />
eXPeriMenTS<br />
20-10 14:30 Kowitz, Astrid*; Schmitt, Ralf-Thomas; Reimold, Wolf Uwe;<br />
Fritz, Jörg; Hornemann, Ulrich: ShOcK recOVerY<br />
eXPeriMenTS aT lOW ShOcK PreSSUre WiTh DrY<br />
SeeBerGer SanDSTOne<br />
20-11 14:45 Grosse, Christian U.*; Moser, Dorothee: STUDY OF The<br />
iMPacT craTerinG PrOceSS BY MeanS OF nOn-<br />
DeSTrUcTiVe TeSTinG TechniQUeS On a MODel<br />
SPeciMen<br />
20-12 15:00 Kenkmann, Thomas*; Burgert, Patrick: analOGUe<br />
eXPeriMenTS OF iMPacT craTer cOllaPSe
20-13 15:15 Hecht, Lutz*; Ebert, Matthias; Deutsch, Alexander;<br />
Kenkmann, Thomas: MelTinG anD cheMical<br />
PrOJecTile-TarGeT inTeracTiOn in<br />
hYPerVelOciTY anD laSer eXPeriMenTS<br />
20-14 15:30 Shuvalov, Valery*: aSYMMeTric eJecTa in OBliQUe<br />
iMPacTS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 21<br />
T4. Energy Resources in Sedimentary Basins<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 125<br />
Ralf Littke, Volker Steinbach, and Ulrich Berner, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
21-1 11:05 Wellmer, Friedrich-Wilhelm*: SUSTainaBle<br />
DeVelOPMenT anD The eXPlOiTaTiOn OF naTUral<br />
reSOUrceS<br />
21-2 11:35 Berner, Ulrich*; Heldt, Matthias: GeOcheMical<br />
characTeriZaTiOn anD DiSTriBUTiOn OF<br />
UncOnVenTiOnal hYDrOcarBOn PlaYS OF The<br />
lOWer creTaceOUS OF nW GerManY<br />
21-3 11:50 Uffmann, Anna Kathrin*; Littke, Ralf: PeTrOleUM<br />
SYSTeMS MODellinG OF The MUenSTerlanD<br />
BaSin anD rUhr BaSin WiTh SPecial eMPhaSiS On<br />
UncOnVenTiOnal GaS reSOUrceS<br />
21-4 12:05 Le Bayon, Ronan*; Ferreiro Mählmann, Rafael:<br />
eXPeriMenTal inVeSTiGaTiOnS On ViTriniTe<br />
reFlecTance: TOWarD a TOOl TO MODel<br />
MaTUraTiOn anD MeTaMOrPhic cOnDiTiOnS in<br />
lOW TeMPeraTUre MeTaSeDiMenTarY TerraneS<br />
21-5 12:20 Littke, Ralf*; Sachse, Victoria F.; Delvaux, Damien:<br />
hYDrOcarBOn GeneraTiOn POTenTial OF<br />
DiFFerenT STraTiGraPhic UniTS OF The cenTral<br />
cOnGO BaSin, Drc<br />
21-6 12:35 Ladage, Stefan; Cramer, Bernhard*; Berner, Ulrich;<br />
Ostertag-Henning, Christian; Lutz, Rüdiger; Franke,<br />
Dieter: PrOJeKT niKO: erDöl UnD erDGaS aUS<br />
TOnSTeinen – POTenZiale Für DeUTSchlanD<br />
12:50 lunch Break<br />
21-7 14:00 Suetnova, Elena I.*: TherMal reGiMe OF<br />
SeDiMenTaTiOn anD iTS eFFecT On The<br />
accUMUlaTiOn OF Marine GaS hYDraTeS DUrinG<br />
The hiSTOrY OF SeDiMenTaTiOn<br />
21-8 14:15 Sachse, Victoria F.*; Littke, Ralf; Heim, Sabine:<br />
hYDrOcarBOn GeneraTiOn POTenTial OF<br />
JUraSSic, creTaceOUS anD eOcene OrGanic-<br />
MaTTer rich SeDiMenTS FrOM MOrOccO<br />
21-9 14:30 Singh, Sahendra*; Venkatesh, A.S.; Chandan, Karun Kumar:<br />
crUSTal eVOlUTiOn OF earTh anD iTS cOnTrOl<br />
On GlOBal Scale OrOGenic GOlD MeTallOGenY<br />
21-10 14:45 Schäfer, Frauke*; Heinig, Simone; Baumgarten, Henrike:<br />
GeOTherMal PrOJecT GeneSYS, hannOVer:<br />
3D reSerVOir MODelinG OF The WealDen<br />
(BÜcKeBerG) FOrMaTiOn<br />
21-11 15:00 Stiller, Eva*; Jähne, Fabian; Berner, Ulrich; Kus, Jolanta;<br />
Pletsch, Thomas; Scheeder, Georg; Cramer, Bernhard:<br />
reGiOnal VariaTiOnS in MaTUriTY TrenDS arOUnD<br />
DeeP GeOTherMal Well GrOß-BUchhOlZ GT-1,<br />
hannOVer, lOWer SaXOnY BaSin<br />
15:15 Break<br />
21-12 15:35 Prosser, Giacomo; Kruhl, Jörn H.*; Liotta, Domenico;<br />
Yilmaz, Tim; Volland, Sabine: FlUiD FlOW anD QUarTZ<br />
crYSTalliZaTiOn in The PFahl Shear ZOne:<br />
DeVelOPMenT OF larGe-Scale FlUiD PaThWaY TO<br />
a FOSSil hYDrOTherMal SYSTeM<br />
21-13 15:50 Fischer, Sebastian*; Liebscher, Axel: reSerVOir<br />
SanDSTOne SaMPleS FrOM The KeTZin PilOT SiTe<br />
DUrinG lOnG-TerM cO2-eXPOSUre eXPeriMenTS<br />
- MineralOGical chanGeS anD GeOcheMical<br />
MODellinG<br />
21-14 16:05 Steiner, Ulrich*; Elsner, Martin; Schubert, Achim; Schneider,<br />
Michael: eXPOSiTiOn TiMeS anD KarSTiFicaTiOn<br />
SiGnaTUreS OF The MalM-aQUiFer in SOUThern<br />
SESSION NO. 23<br />
GerManY anD Their iMPlicaTiOnS FOr reSerVOir<br />
characTeriSaTiOn<br />
21-15 16:20 Mitterer, Agnes*; Lehrberger, Gerhard; Gilg, H. Albert;<br />
Göske, Jürgen: neW GeneTic aSPecTS OF “SiliceOUS<br />
earTh” anD SiMilar rOcKS in SOUThern GerManY<br />
21-16 16:35 Weniger, Philipp*; Amman, Alexandra; Bertier, Pieter; Blume,<br />
Jennifer; Busch, Andreas; Krooss, Bernhard M.; Rick, Ines;<br />
Waschbüsch, Margret: eValUaTiOn OF The SOrPTiVe<br />
cO2 STOraGe POTenTial OF claY-rich caPrOcK<br />
liThOTYPeS anD claY MineralS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 22<br />
T5B. Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk Mitigation II<br />
(Munich Reinsurance Company)<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 014<br />
Kurosch Thuro and Alex Allmann, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
22-1 11:05 H<strong>of</strong>fmann, Gösta*; Reicherter, Klaus; Gruetzner, Christoph;<br />
Wiatr, Thomas: eViDence FOr The 27th nOVeMBer<br />
1945 MaKran TSUnaMi alOnG The ShOreline OF<br />
OMan<br />
22-2 11:20 Scheucher, Lorenz E.A.*; Vortisch, Walter; Piller, Werner E.;<br />
Smolka, Anselm: TSUnaMi DePOSiTS, Their POSSiBle<br />
aPPlicaTiOn FOr riSK aSSeSSMenT anD<br />
DiFFerenTiaTiOn FrOM STOrM DePOSiTS<br />
22-3 11:35 Gischler, Eberhard*: hOlOcene Sea-leVel riSe,<br />
TSUnaMiS, anD iSlanD inSTaBiliTY in The MalDiVeS<br />
(inDian Ocean): an eXaMPle OF GeOlOGical<br />
haZarDS in lOW-lYinG iSlanD naTiOnS<br />
22-4 11:50 Elbeshausen, Dirk*; Wünnemann, Kai; Artemieva, Natalia:<br />
STUDYinG hiGh-enerGY anD raPiD larGe-Scale<br />
GeODYnaMic PrOceSSeS WiTh The hYDrOcODeS<br />
iSale anD SOVa<br />
22-5 12:05 Plank, Simon*; Singer, John; Minet, Christian; Thuro,<br />
Kurosch: GiS-BaSeD SUiTaBiliTY eValUaTiOn OF The<br />
DiFFerenTial raDar inTerFerOMeTrY MeThOD<br />
FOr lanDSliDe MOniTOrinG<br />
22-6 12:20 Krautblatter, Michael*: MaGniTUDe anD FreQUencY OF<br />
rOcKFallS in The laTe hOlOcene - iMPlicaTiOnS<br />
FOr haZarD anD riSK<br />
22-7 12:35 Thuro, Kurosch*; Bundschuh, Moritz: The 2010 rOcK<br />
Fall eVenT in STein an Der TraUn – caUSeS anD<br />
TriGGerS<br />
22-8 12:50 Krautblatter, Michael*; Funk, Daniel; Dräbing, Daniel:<br />
WhY ThaWinG PerMaFrOST rOcKS can BecOMe<br />
UnSTaBle<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 23<br />
T6A. Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences<br />
and Geoheritage I (GSA International Section; GSA Geoscience<br />
Education Division)<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 119<br />
Wolfgang Eder, Wesley Hill, and Laurel P. Goodell, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
23-1 11:05 Dewey, John F.*: GeO-eDUcaTiOn in OUr<br />
UniVerSiTieS: a GlOBal cOMPariSOn anD SOMe<br />
lOOKinG PrOBleMS<br />
23-2 11:35 McKeever, Patrick*: The GlOBal GeOParKS neTWOrK:<br />
celeBraTinG earTh heriTaGe, SUSTaininG lOcal<br />
cOMMUniTieS<br />
23-3 12:05 Manning, Cheryl L.B.*: enSUrinG Science liTeracY:<br />
inTeGraTiOn OF The GeOScienceS in SecOnDarY<br />
eDUcaTiOn<br />
23-4 12:25 Hecht, Lutz*: PrOMOTiOn OF MineralOGical anD<br />
GeOlOGical TOPicS in SchOOl eDUcaTiOn<br />
12:40 lunch Break<br />
23-5 14:00 Macadam, John D.*: PUTTinG FleSh On The STOneS -<br />
BrinGinG earTh Science TO liFe FOr The PUBlic<br />
Munich, Germany T7
SESSION NO. 23<br />
23-6 14:20 Goodell, Laurel P.*: BrinGinG hOMeTOWn releVance<br />
TO GeOScience cOUrSeS anD OUTreach<br />
acTiViTieS<br />
23-7 14:40 Wefer, Gerold*: “Science in DialOGUe”, cenTer OF<br />
cOMPeTence FOr The cOMMUnicaTiOn OF Science<br />
in GerManY<br />
23-8 14:55 Ongley, Lois*; Olin, Jennifer: SerVice learninG:<br />
MOVinG ScienTiFic WOrK inTO The “real WOrlD”<br />
23-9 15:10 Lehmann, Rainer*: GeOScienceS WiThin The GerMan<br />
iPY eDUcaTiOn PrOGraM cOOle KlaSSen – cOOl<br />
SchOOl claSSeS<br />
15:25 Break<br />
23-10 15:45 Catena, Anne N.*; Browne, Kathleen M.; Goodell, Laurel P.:<br />
hOriZOnTallY anD VerTicallY inTeGraTeD<br />
PrOFeSSiOnal DeVelOPMenT PrOGraMS FOr<br />
SchOOlTeacherS<br />
23-11 16:00 Summesberger, Herbert; Bookhagen, Britta*: GeOlaB©<br />
- ein DiDaKTiScher lehrBehelF Für Den<br />
SchUlUnTerrichT<br />
23-12 16:15 Koenig, Gabriele*: WelTWiSSen KOMPaKT - Wie<br />
VerMiTTeln BOTSchaFTer aUS Der TaeTiGen WelT<br />
ihr WiSSen an KinDer<br />
23-13 16:30 Huch, Monika*; Geißler, Lutz: cOMMUnicaTinG<br />
GeOScienceS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 24<br />
T9. Special Session in Honour <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>. Paul Schmidt-Thomé’s<br />
100th Anniversary<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 017<br />
Reinhard Gaupp, Reinhard Hesse, and Michael Schmidt-Thomé, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
24-1 11:05 Schmidt-Thomé, Michael*: PrOF. Dr. PaUl SchMiDT-<br />
ThOMe, 100.GeBUrTSTaG<br />
24-2 11:15 Jerz, Hermann*: PaUl SchMiDT-ThOMeS<br />
QUarTaerGeOlOGiSche FOrSchUnGen iM iSarTal<br />
24-3 11:30 Zacher, Wolfgang*: The nOrTheaSTern MarGin<br />
OF The eaSTern alPS: FacieS anD TecTOnic<br />
DeVelOPMenTS<br />
24-4 11:45 Sigl, Walter*: eiSZeiT iM rOSenheiMer lanD<br />
24-5 12:00 Nickmann, Marion*; Thuro, Kurosch: The GeOlOGY OF<br />
The SPiTZinGSee area – an eXaMPle FOr The<br />
cOnnecTiOn OF STraTiGraPhY, TecTOnicS anD<br />
aSPecTS OF enGineerinG GeOlOGY<br />
24-6 12:15 Schmidt-Thomé, Robert*: BeWerTUnG<br />
VOn eleMenTarriSiKen in Der<br />
VerSicherUnGSWirTSchaFT<br />
24-7 12:30 Schmidt-Thomé, Philipp*: naTUral haZarDS anD<br />
cliMaTe (chanGe) aDaPTaTiOn - eXaMPleS OF<br />
inTerDiSciPlinarY GeOScience - DeciSiOn MaKer<br />
cOOPeraTiOn<br />
12:45 lunch Break<br />
24-8 14:00 Schlager, Wolfgang*; Krystyn, Leopold; Kenter, Jeroen A.M.:<br />
hOW DeeP Were The hallSTaTT BaSinS OF The<br />
nOrThern calcareOUS alPS?<br />
24-9 14:30 Ortner, Hugo*: ThrUSTinG anD SeDiMenTaTiOn: a<br />
MODel FrOM The nOrThern calcareOUS alPS<br />
(nca)<br />
24-10 14:45 H<strong>of</strong>fmann, Markus; Niemeyer, Adelbert*; Friedrich, Anke M.:<br />
neW OBSerVaTiOnS On GeOMOrPhOlOGY anD<br />
lOeSS SeDiMenTS in The BaVarian MOlaSSe BaSin<br />
– The TerTiarY hillS BeTWeen lanDShUT anD<br />
reGenSBUrG<br />
15:00 Break<br />
24-11 15:20 Sarnthein, Michael*; Schneider, Birgit; Grootes, Pieter M.:<br />
PeaK Glacial c-14 VenTilaTiOn aGeS SUGGeST<br />
MaJOr DraW-DOWn OF carBOn inTO The aBYSSal<br />
Ocean<br />
24-12 15:50 von Rad, Ulrich*; Lückge, Andreas: annUal TO<br />
Millennial MOnSOOnal VariaBiliTY DUrinG The<br />
T8 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
PaST 75,000 YearS recOrDeD in araBian Sea<br />
SeDiMenTS: a reVieW<br />
24-13 16:20 Hesse, Reinhard*: liThOlOGic chanGeS in laBraDOr<br />
Sea heinrich laYerS aS a FUncTiOn OF DiSTance<br />
FrOM Their hUDSOn STraiT ice-STreaM SOUrce<br />
POSTer Technical SeSSiOnS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 25<br />
T1D. The Mantle in 4-D: Links between Global Plate<br />
Reconstructions and Mantle Tomography (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
25-1 1 Shephard, Grace E.*; Bunge, Hans-Peter; Schuberth,<br />
Bernhard S.A.; Müller, Dietmar: TeSTinG aBSOlUTe PlaTe<br />
reFerence FraMeS anD The iMPlicaTiOnS FOr The<br />
GeneraTiOn OF GeODYnaMic ManTle heTerOGeneiTY<br />
STrUcTUre<br />
25-2 2 Talsma, Aedon S.*; Heine, Christian; Quevedo, Leonardo;<br />
Müller, R. Dietmar: VOlUMeTric analYSiS OF SUBDUcTiOn<br />
hiSTOrY USinG GlOBal PlaTe KineMaTic MODelS<br />
25-3 3 Yeo, Logan L.G.*; Heine, Christian; Müller, Dietmar: eSTiMaTinG<br />
VerTical SUrFace MOTiOnS ThrOUGh TiMe USinG<br />
PaleOGeOGraPhieS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 26<br />
T2D. Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic, Adjacent Continents, and<br />
Passive Continental Margins in General (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
26-1 32 Chust, Thomas*; Steinle-Neumann, Gerd; Bunge, Hans-Peter:<br />
inFlUence OF MineralOGical TherMODYnaMicS On<br />
ManTle cOnVecTiOn<br />
26-2 33 Hartwig, Alexander; Anka, Zahie*; di Primio, Rolando; Albrecht,<br />
Tony: eViDence OF a larGe PaleO-POcKMarKeD<br />
SUrFace in The OranGe BaSin: iMPlicaTiOnS FOr an<br />
earlY eOcene MaSSiVe FlUiD-eScaPe eVenT OFFShOre<br />
SOUTh aFrica<br />
26-3 34 Anka, Zahie*; Loegering, Markus J.; Rodriguez, Jorge F.;<br />
Marchal, Denis; di Primio, Rolando; Vallejo, Eduardo; Kohler,<br />
Guillermina: SeiSMO-STraTiGraPhY anD 3D MODellinG<br />
OF hYDrOcarBOn leaKaGe in The cOlOraDO BaSin,<br />
OFFShOre arGenTina<br />
26-4 35 Karl, Markus*; Kollenz, Sebastian; Glasmacher, Ulrich A.; Franco-<br />
Magalhaes, Ana B.; Hackspacher, Peter: TherMal hiSTOrY,<br />
eXhUMaTiOn, UPliFT anD lOnGTerM lanDScaPe<br />
eVOlUTiOn OF The WeSTern SOUTh aTlanTic PaSSiVe<br />
cOnTinenTal MarGin, BraZil<br />
26-5 36 Kollenz, Sebastian*; Glasmacher, Ulrich A.; Rossello, Eduardo A.;<br />
Pereyra, Ricardo: lOnG-TerM lanDScaPe eVOlUTiOn OF<br />
The aTlanTic PaSSiVe cOnTinenTal MarGin, BUenOS<br />
aireS, arGenTina<br />
26-6 37 Bauer, Friederike*; Glasmacher, Ulrich A.; Baumgärtner, Jens;<br />
Ring, Uwe; Karl, Markus; Schumann, Andreas; Nagudi, Betty:<br />
TherMOKineMaTic MODellinG anD lOnG-TerM<br />
lanDScaPe eVOlUTiOn OF The rWenZOri MTS in<br />
eaST aFrica<br />
26-7 38 Maystrenko, Yuriy P.*; Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena; Hartwig,<br />
Alexander; Anka, Zahie; Watts, Antony B.; Hirsch, Katja K.:<br />
liThOSPhere-Scale 3D STrUcTUral MODel OF The<br />
SOUThWeST aFrican PaSSiVe cOnTinenTal MarGin<br />
26-8 39 Gruetzner, Jens*; Uenzelmann-Neben, Gabriele; Franke, Dieter:<br />
SeDiMenT TranSPOrT PrOceSSeS aT The arGenTine<br />
cOnTinenTal MarGin Since The OliGOcene
26-9 40 Muedi, Thomas*; Wiegand, Miriam; Trumbull, Robert; De Witt,<br />
Maarten; Greiling, Reinhard: SYn-BreaK-UP DYKe GeOMeTrY<br />
anD DiSTriBUTiOn aT The inciPienT naMiBian MarGin –<br />
eXaMPleS FrOM The henTieS BaY-OUTJO DYKe SWarM<br />
26-10 41 Wiegand, Miriam*; Stollh<strong>of</strong>en, Harald; Trumbull, Robert; Greiling,<br />
Reinhard: DYKeS eMPlaceD inTO BaSeMenT anD cOVer<br />
rOcKS aT The inciPienT naMiBian MarGin – STrUcTUre<br />
anD MaGneTic FaBricS<br />
26-11 42 Glasmacher, Ulrich A.*; Bauer, Friederike; Delvaux, Damien:<br />
SUBSiDence/ inVerSiOn OF The cOnGO BaSin,<br />
reVealeD BY FiSSiOn-TracK anD (U-Th-SM)/he DaTa<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 27<br />
T2A. Subduction and Collision Processes Through Time in the<br />
Mediterranean Area — From the Deep Mantle to the Surface<br />
(Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
27-1 4 Bartel, Esther Maria*; Neubauer, Franz; Heberer, Bianca:<br />
STrUcTUral eVOlUTiOn OF The WeSTern DraU<br />
ranGe, eaSTern alPS: a DeXTral PrecUrSOr OF The<br />
PeriaDriaTic FaUlT?<br />
27-2 5 Heberer, Bianca; Neubauer, Franz; Bartel, Esther Maria*; Genser,<br />
Johann; Wagner, Reinhard: On The eDGe OF a PlaTe: The<br />
nOrThern aDriaTic MicrOPlaTe anD iTS inTeracTiOn<br />
WiTh The eaSTern alPS anD DinariDeS<br />
27-3 6 Bernroider, Manfred*; Neubauer, Franz; Schorn, Anja:<br />
PeTrOlOGY OF MaGMaTic anD MeTaMOrPhic rOcKS in<br />
The PerMian-lOWer TriaSSic haSelGeBirGe OF The<br />
aUSTrian eaSTern alPS: GeODYnaMic iMPlicaTiOnS<br />
27-4 7 Favaro, Silvia*; Hawemann, Friedrich; Scharf, Andreas; Gipper,<br />
Peter; Handy, Mark R.; Schmid, Stefan: TecTOnicS OF The<br />
eaSTern TaUern WinDOW - aUSTria<br />
27-5 8 Genser, Johann*: TiMinG OF Penninic–aUSTrO-alPine<br />
KineMaTicS FrOM 39ar/40ar DaTinG FrOM The ne TaUern<br />
WinDOW, eaSTern alPS<br />
27-6 9 Scharf, Andreas*; Favaro, Silvia; Handy, Mark R.; Schmid, Stefan:<br />
eXhUMaTiOn-relaTeD STrUcTUreS aT The eaSTern<br />
MarGin OF The TaUern WinDOW (eaSTern alPS)<br />
27-7 10 Schorn, Anja*; Neubauer, Franz; Bernroider, Manfred; Genser,<br />
Johann: TecTOnic SiGniFicance OF The UPPer PerMian<br />
TO lOWer TriaSSic haSelGeBirGe eVaPOriTic<br />
MÉlanGe anD OF iTS MaGMaTic SUiTeS: eViDence FrOM<br />
The MOOSeGG QUarrY in The cenTral nOrThern<br />
calcareOUS alPS (aUSTria)<br />
27-8 11 Ortner, Hugo*; Fügenschuh, Bernhard; Zerlauth, Michael; Hinsch,<br />
Ralph: GeOMeTrY, SeQUence anD aMOUnT OF ThrUSTinG<br />
in The SUBalPine MOlaSSe OF aUSTria anD BaVaria<br />
27-9 12 Gallais, Flora; Gutscher, Marc-Andre*; Graindorge, David;<br />
Chamot-Rooke, Nicolas; Klaeschen, Dirk: The STrUcTUre anD<br />
recenT DeFOrMaTiOn OF The eXTernal calaBrian<br />
arc (accreTiOnarY WeDGe): iMPlicaTiOnS FOr<br />
reGiOnal haZarD aSSeSSMenT<br />
27-10 13 Gayduk, Taras; Bondar, Roman*; Yaremovych, Mykhaylo: The<br />
PaleOTenSiOn FielDS reSearch OF FOre-MarMarOSh<br />
naPPeS (UKrainian carPaThianS)<br />
27-11 14 Talsma, Aedon S.*; Müller, Dietmar; Seton, Maria; Bunge,<br />
Hans-Peter; Schuberth, Bernhard S.A.; Shephard, Grace E.:<br />
cOnSTraininG aBSOlUTe PlaTe MOTiOnS WiTh<br />
SUBDUcTeD SlaBS - leSSOnS FrOM The aeGean TeThYS<br />
27-12 15 Meinhold, Guido*; Frei, Dirk; Kostopoulos, Dimitrios:<br />
PrOVenance STUDieS in nOrThern Greece<br />
27-13 16 Ehrhardt, Axel*; Hübscher, Christian; Schnabel, Michael; Damm,<br />
Volkmar: iMPlicaTiOnS OF The cOnTinenT-cOnTinenT<br />
cOlliSiOn BeTWeen The eraTOSTheneS SeaMOUnT<br />
anD cYPrUS<br />
27-14 17 Spurlock, Stuart*; Dörr, Wolfgang; Zulauf, Gernold: reMnanTS<br />
OF The araBian-nUBian ShielD in PerMOTriaSSic<br />
SESSION NO. 29<br />
SeDiMenTS OF creTe: cOnSTrainTS FrOM U-PB ZircOn<br />
aGeS OF PrOTerOZOic GraniTOiDS<br />
27-15 18 Zulauf, Gernold*; Dörr, Wolfgang; Krahl, Jochen:<br />
carBOniFerOUS TO TriaSSic FelSic MaGMaTiSM in The<br />
eXTernal helleniDeS OF creTe anD iTS iMPlicaTiOnS<br />
On The Pre-alPine OrOGenY anD PaleOGeOGraPhY in<br />
The eaSTern MeDiTerranean<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 28<br />
T3C. Dynamic Impact Cratering in Nature, Experiment, and Model<br />
(Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P4 (D183, Thomas Mann Halle, 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
28-1 1 Melero Asensio, Irene*; Ormö, Jens; Sturkell, Erik: GeOPhYSical<br />
SUrVeY OF The PrOPOSeD MÅlinGen Marine-TarGeT<br />
craTer, SWeDen<br />
28-2 2 Kenkmann, Thomas*; Vasconcelos, Marcos A.R.; Crosta, Alvaro P.;<br />
Reimold, Wolf Uwe: GeOlOGY OF The cOMPleX iMPacT<br />
STrUcTUre Serra Da canGalha, BraZil<br />
28-3 3 Arp, Gernot*; Kolepka, Claudia; Simon, Klaus; Karius, Volker;<br />
Jung, Dietmar; Nolte, Nicole; Hansen, Bent T.: neW eViDence<br />
FOr iMPacT-inDUceD hYDrOTherMal acTiViTY in The<br />
MiOcene rieS iMPacT craTer, GerManY<br />
28-4 4 Prescher, C.*; Langenhorst, Falko; Deutsch, Alex; Hornemann,<br />
Ulrich: ShOcK eXPeriMenTS On anhYDriTe anD neW<br />
cOnSTrainTS On The iMPacT-inDUceD SOx releaSe aT<br />
The K-PG BOUnDarY<br />
28-5 5 Poelchau, Michael H.*; Trullenque, Ghislain; Kenkmann,<br />
Thomas: FeaTher FeaTUreS in QUarTZ: STrUcTUral<br />
anD TeXTUral inSiGhTS FrOM FirST TeM anD eBSD<br />
MeaSUreMenTS<br />
28-6 6 Grokhovsky, Victor*; Gladkovsky, Sergey; Kozlovskikh, Ekaterina;<br />
Pyatkov, Anton: The FailUre OF MeTeOriTeS in iMPacT<br />
TeSTS: The eFFecT OF STrUcTUre anD TeMPeraTUre<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 29<br />
T3D. Induced Seismicity – From Observation to Geomechanical<br />
Understanding (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
29-1 27 Chernyavski, Vladimir M.*; Suetnova, Elena I.: MODelinG OF<br />
The TeMPOral eVOlUTiOn OF eFFecTiVe STreSS, POre<br />
PreSSUre, cOMPacTiOn, FilTraTiOn, anD GrOWinG<br />
OF GaS hYDraTeS in The caSe OF The SeQUenTial<br />
accUMUlaTiOn OF SeDiMenTarY laYerS WiTh<br />
DiFFerenT rheOlOGical PrOPerTieS<br />
29-2 28 Eckert, Andreas*; Paradeis, Matthew; Amirlatifi, Amin: cO2<br />
inJecTiOn in anTicline reSerVOirS: STrUcTUral<br />
inFlUenceS On MaXiMUM SUSTainaBle POre PreSSUre<br />
anD SeiSMiciTY relaTeD TO FaUlT reacTiVaTiOn<br />
29-3 29 López, Allan*: TriGGereD SeiSMiciTY eXPecTeD in<br />
hYDrOelecTric reSerVOirS clOSe TO The SUBDUcTiOn<br />
ZOne in cOSTa rica<br />
29-4 30 Haghi, Amir Hossein*; Kharrat, Riyaz; Asef, M.R.: eValUaTiOn<br />
anD analYSiS OF reSerVOir FlUiD FlOW eFFecT On<br />
FielD STreSS; a neW aPPrOach TO alleViaTe inDUceD<br />
SeiSMiciTY in hYDrOcarBOn reSerVOirS<br />
29-5 31 Urpi, Luca*; Zimmermann, Günter; Blöcher, Guido: nUMerical<br />
MODellinG OF POre PreSSUre DiFFUSiOn in a<br />
GeOTherMal reSerVOir STiMUlaTiOn TreaTMenT<br />
29-6 32 Megies, Tobias*; Wassermann, Joachim: MicrOSeiSMic<br />
acTiViTY in lOW-haZarD GeOTherMal SeTTinGS in<br />
SOUThern GerManY<br />
Munich, Germany T9
SESSION NO. 30<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 30<br />
T3B. The Challenge <strong>of</strong> Understanding Continental Intraplate<br />
Earthquakes (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
30-1 41 Kusters, Dimitri*; Camelbeeck, Thierry; Lecocq, Thomas: MUlTi-<br />
Scale SPace anD TiMe VariaTiOnS OF earThQUaKe<br />
OccUrrenceS<br />
30-2 42 Popotnig, Angelika*; Homolova, Dana; Decker, Kurt:<br />
GeOMOrPhOlOGical DaTa FrOM The POTenTiallY<br />
acTiVe hlUBOKa FaUlT in The near-reGiOn OF The<br />
nPP TeMelin (BUDeJOVice BaSin, SOUThern BOheMian<br />
MaSSiF)<br />
30-3 43 Homolova, Dana*; Lomax, Johanna; Fiebig, Markus; Decker,<br />
Kurt: MaPPinG anD DaTinG QUaTernarY TerraceS OF<br />
The VlTaVa riVer FOr aSSeSSinG The acTiViTY OF<br />
The hlUBOKÁ FaUlT in The near-reGiOn OF The nPP<br />
TeMelin (BUDeJOVice BaSin, SOUThern BOheMian<br />
MaSSiF)<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 31<br />
T4. Energy Resources in Sedimentary Basins (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P4 (D183, Thomas Mann Halle, 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
31-1 7 Colombani, Jean*: hOW TO acceSS TO The PUre<br />
DiSSOlUTiOn raTe OF raPiDlY DiSSOlVinG MineralS?<br />
31-2 8 Maldini, Faldo*: OBliGaTOrY TechnOlOGY TranSFer<br />
TO MaXiMiZe The USinG OF enerGY reSOUrceS in<br />
DeVelOPMenT cOUnTrY. STUDY caSe: GeOTherMal in<br />
inDOneSia<br />
31-3 9 Obst, Karsten*; Brandes, Juliane: POTenTial ecOnOMic<br />
USe OF MiDDle BUnTSanDSTein Saline aQUiFerS in<br />
MecKlenBUrG-WeSTern POMerania (ne GerManY)<br />
31-4 10 Bauer, Johanna F.*; Philipp, Sonja L.: STrUcTUral<br />
GeOlOGical cOnTriBUTiOn TO GeOTherMal<br />
eXPlOraTiOn in a caSe STUDY FrOM ThUrinGia<br />
31-5 11 Poschlod, Klaus*; Schmid, Max: QUarTZ raW MaTerialS<br />
OF lOWer BaVaria – SilicOn FOr SOlar cell<br />
TechnOlOGY<br />
31-6 12 Berner, Ulrich*; Ostertag-Henning, Christian; Cramer, Bernhard;<br />
Piepjohn, Karsten; Sobolev, Nicolai; Shmanjak, Anton; Petrov, E.:<br />
hYDrOcarBOn POTenTial OF The KhaTanGa-anaBar<br />
reGiOn (arcTic SiBeria) - WhaT’S GeneraTinG The<br />
nOrDViK Oil?<br />
31-7 13 Barrera-Cardenas, F.A. Sr.*: X-raY DiFracTOMeTrY<br />
MineralOGY OF GOlD MineralS anD PlaTinUM in<br />
cOlOMBia<br />
31-8 14 Lutz, Rüdiger*; Kurkow, Alexej; Berner, Ulrich; Franke, Dieter:<br />
PeTrOleUM SYSTeMS MODelinG in The GerMan<br />
nOrTh Sea<br />
31-9 15 Gast, Sascha*; Wirth, Holger; Fischer, Marina; Kuhlmann, Gesa:<br />
GrOUnDWaTer PrOTecTiOn in The nOrTh GerMan<br />
BaSin FrOM The OTher SiDe OF VieW - The rUPelian<br />
claY FOrMaTiOn aS The UnDerlaYinG Seal<br />
31-10 16 Gast, Sascha*; Kuhlmann, Gesa; Schmidt, Michael; Pöllmann,<br />
Herbert: MineralOGical inVeSTiGaTiOnS On lOWer<br />
TriaSSic claSTic SeDiMenTS. OUTcrOP STUDieS aS a<br />
TOOl TO reFine The Seal characTeriSTicS<br />
31-11 17 Pletsch, Thomas*; Kus, Jolanta; Petschick, Rainer; Cramer,<br />
Bernhard: FlUiD enTraPMenT anD releaSe<br />
FrOM SeDiMenTS inTrUDeD BY VOlcanic SillS,<br />
neWFOUnDlanD MarGin<br />
31-12 18 Özer, Cigdem*; Pletsch, Thomas; Lutz, Rüdiger; Franke, Dieter;<br />
Brandes, Christian: PeTrOleUM POTenTial OF The<br />
arGenTine cOnTinenTal MarGin – DaTa cOMPilaTiOn<br />
anD PSeUDO-Well SiMUlaTiOn<br />
T10 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
31-13 19 Cacace, Mauro; Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena*; Kaiser,<br />
Björn Onno; Cherubini, Yvonne; Noack, Vera; Lewerenz, Björn:<br />
cOUPleD TranSPOrT OF heaT anD FlUiD in FaUlTeD<br />
POrOUS MeDia<br />
31-14 20 Kunkel, Cindy*; Beyer, Daniel; Hilse, Ulrike; Aehnelt, Michaela;<br />
Voigt, Thomas; Pudlo, Dieter; Gaupp, Reinhard: VariaTiOnS<br />
in aQUiFer characTeriSTicS anD -eVOlUTiOn OF The<br />
GerMan BUnTSanDSTein FacieS OF The ThUrinGian<br />
BaSin, eaST GerManY<br />
31-15 21 Luick, Holger*; Niemann, André; Perau, Eugen; Wagner, Hermann<br />
Josef; Schreiber, Ulrich: neW POTenTialS FOr STOrinG<br />
Green enerGY USinG PUMPeD-STOraGe POWer-PlanTS<br />
31-16 22 Heim, Sabine*; Krooss, Bernhard M.; Littke, Ralf: a PYrOlYTic<br />
STUDY OF GaS GeneraTiOn FrOM liGniTeS:<br />
GeOcheMical characTeriSaTiOn OF OrGanic MaTTer<br />
31-17 23 Heeschen, Katja; Riße, Andreas*; Stadler, Susanne;<br />
Ostertag-Henning, Christian; Rütters, Heike: Mineral<br />
alTeraTiOnS caUSeD BY OXiDiSinG acceSSOrY<br />
GaSeS in The GeOlOGical STOraGe OF cO2<br />
Oral Technical SeSSiOnS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 32<br />
S4. Plenary: <strong>Geological</strong> Research for Our Health (2011 - Year <strong>of</strong><br />
Science in Health Research) (GSA Geology and Health Division;<br />
LMU Fragile Earth Fund)<br />
15:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 014<br />
Anke M. Friedrich and H. Catherine W. Skinner, Presiding<br />
15:30 introductory remarks<br />
32-1 15:40 Matschullat, Jörg*: GeOScienceS anD hUMan healTh<br />
32-2 16:15 Skinner, Catherine*: cOnnecTinG The SilenT haZarDS<br />
in The GeOenVirOnMenT: GeOcheMiSTrY anD<br />
BiOcheMiSTrY<br />
32-3 16:50 Manning, Andrew H.*; Todd, Andrew S.; Verplanck, Philip L.:<br />
POTenTial eFFecTS OF cliMaTe chanGe On WaTer<br />
QUaliTY in MineraliZeD WaTerSheDS<br />
32-4 17:10 Knappett, Peter S.K.*; McKay, Larry; Layton, Alice C.;<br />
Williams, Daniel E.; Ahmed, K.M.; Culligan, Patricia J.;<br />
Mailloux, Brian; Emch, Michael; Serre, Marc L.; van Geen, A.:<br />
TranSPOrT OF Fecal BacTeria FrOM POnDS TO<br />
aQUiFerS in rUral BanGlaDeSh: The rOle OF<br />
aDJacenT SeDiMenT Grain SiZe<br />
32-5 17:25 Kipry, Judith*; Götz, Andreas; Wiacek, Claudia; Schmahl,<br />
Wolfgang; Schlömann, Michael: BacTeriallY inDUceD<br />
Ferric Mineral PreciPiTaTiOn in aciD Mine<br />
WaTerS<br />
17:40 concluding remarks<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 33<br />
T3B. The Challenge <strong>of</strong> Understanding Continental Intraplate<br />
Earthquakes<br />
14:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
Kurt Decker and Seth Stein, Presiding<br />
33-1 14:00 Nasir, Asma*; Lenhardt, Wolfgang A.; Hintersberger,<br />
Esther; Decker, Kurt: hOW cOMPleTe are hiSTOrical<br />
earThQUaKe recOrDS in cenTral eUrOPe?<br />
33-2 14:15 Hintersberger, Esther*; Decker, Kurt: an UPDaTeD<br />
aPPrOach FOr eSTiMaTinG PaleO-earThQUaKe<br />
MaGniTUDeS FrOM MUlTiPle Trench<br />
OBSerVaTiOnS<br />
33-3 14:30 Berberich, Gabriele*; Schreiber, Ulrich: GeOBiOScience:<br />
reD WOOD anT MOUnDS aS BiOlOGical inDicaTOrS<br />
FOr neOTecTOnic earThQUaKe-BearinG FaUlT<br />
SYSTeMS<br />
33-4 14:45 Stein, Seth*; Liu, Mian; Calais, Eric: MiGraTinG<br />
earThQUaKeS anD FaUlTS SWiTchinG On anD OFF:<br />
a cOMPleX SYSTeM VieW OF inTracOnTinenTal<br />
earThQUaKeS
33-5 15:00 Liu, Mian*; Luo, Gang: FaUlT inTeracTiOn anD<br />
earThQUaKeS: inSiGhTS FrOM nUMerical<br />
MODelinG<br />
15:15 Break<br />
33-6 15:35 Madritsch, Herfried*; Fabbri, Olivier; Preusser, Frank;<br />
Schmid, Stefan: SeiSMOlOGical inDicaTiOn anD<br />
GeOMOrPhic eViDence FOr QUaTernarY TO<br />
recenT ShOrTeninG alOnG The nOrThWeSTern<br />
alPine FrOnT (eaSTern France)<br />
33-7 15:50 Vanneste, Kris*; Verbeeck, Koen; Camelbeeck, Thierry:<br />
SUMMarY OF PaleOSeiSMic reSearch On a<br />
BOrDer FaUlT OF The rOer ValleY riFT SYSTeM,<br />
BelGiUM<br />
33-8 16:05 Kübler, Simon*; Friedrich, Anke M.; Strecker, Manfred R.:<br />
eViDence OF cOSeiSMic SUrFace rUPTUrinG in<br />
The lOWer rhine eMBaYMenT: a POSSiBle SOUrce<br />
FOr The 1756 Düren earThQUaKe<br />
33-9 16:20 Beidinger, Andreas*; Decker, Kurt; Roch, Karl Heinz:<br />
GeOMeTrical FaUlT SeGMenTaTiOn anD acTiVe<br />
KineMaTicS OF The Vienna BaSin STriKe-SliP<br />
FaUlT<br />
33-10 16:35 Stepancikova, Petra*; Nyvlt, Daniel; Hok, Jozef; Hartvich,<br />
Filip: laTe QUaTernarY FaUlTinG On The SUDeTic<br />
MarGinal FaUlT; BÍlÁ VODa SiTe (BOheMian<br />
MaSSiF)<br />
33-11 16:50 Keller, G. Randy*; Al-Refaee, Hamed; Holland, Austin; Luza,<br />
Kenneth V.; Gilbert, M.C.: The SOUThern OKlahOMa<br />
aUlacOGen: 300 MilliOn YearS OF inTraPlaTe<br />
TecTOnic inVerSiOn inclUDinG rePeaTeD<br />
ePiSODeS OF hOlOcene reacTiVaTiOn<br />
WeDneSDaY, 7 SePTeMBer 2011<br />
Oral Technical SeSSiOnS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 34<br />
S3. Plenary: Local-Scale Processes: Local Events <strong>with</strong> Global<br />
Impact (Volcanic Eruptions) (LMU Fragile Earth Fund)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, E 120 (Grosse Aula)<br />
Donald B. Dingwell, Presiding<br />
08:30 introductory remarks<br />
34-1 08:35 Neuberg, Juergen W.*: MUlTiDiSciPlinarY VOlcanO<br />
MOniTOrinG PrOGraMS anD Their USe in riSK<br />
aSSeSSMenT<br />
34-2 09:05 Walter, Thomas R.*: VOlcanO DeFOrMaTiOn<br />
MOniTOrinG: innOVaTiOnS anD ScaleS, nOiSe<br />
anD DaTa<br />
34-3 09:35 Papale, Paolo*; Longo, Antonella; Saccorotti, Gilberto;<br />
Montagna, Chiara: TOWarDS a GlOBallY cOnSiSTenT<br />
DYnaMic PicTUre OF Pre-erUPTiOn VOlcanO<br />
DYnaMicS<br />
34-4 10:05 Cashman, Katharine V.*: The lOnG ShaDOW OF<br />
VOlcanic erUPTiOnS: The OriGin anD iMPacT OF<br />
VOlcanic aSh<br />
10:35 Discussion<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 35<br />
Special Session: Recent Megathrust Earthquakes and Tsunamis:<br />
Observations and Processes II (LMU Fragile Earth Fund; GSA<br />
International Section; GSA Structural Geology and Tectonics<br />
Division)<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
Fumiko Taijima and Heiner Igel, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
SESSION NO. 36<br />
35-1 11:05 Strasser, Michael*: MeGaSPlaY FaUlT anD SUBMarine<br />
lanDSliDe hiSTOrY in The nanKai TrOUGh, SW<br />
JaPan<br />
35-2 11:25 Mori, Jim*: The GreaT 2011 TOhOKU, JaPan<br />
earThQUaKe (Mw9.0): an UneXPecTeD eVenT<br />
35-3 11:55 Atakan, K.*; Raeesi, M.: On The SliP DiSTriBUTiOn<br />
OF The TOhOKU earThQUaKe OF March 11, 2011,<br />
JaPan<br />
35-4 12:15 Kennett, Brian*; Gorbatov, Alexei; Kiser, Eric: STrUcTUral<br />
cOnTrOlS On The MW 9.0 2011 OFFShOre-TOhOKU<br />
earThQUaKe<br />
35-5 12:35 Tajima, Fumiko*: The 2011 TOhOKU earThQUaKe<br />
(Mw9.0): PreceDinG SeiSMic acTiViTY anD PlaTe<br />
BOUnDarY cOUPlinG<br />
12:50 lunch Break<br />
35-6 14:00 Okumura, Koji*: WhaT We learneD FrOM The 2011<br />
MeGaThrUST earThQUaKe (M9.0) alOnG The JaPan<br />
Trench: PaleOSeiSMOlOGical PerSPecTiVeS<br />
35-7 14:30 Igel, Heiner*; Nader-Nieto, Maria; Wassermann,<br />
Joachim; Ferreira, Ana; Kurrle, Dieter; Schreiber, Ulrich:<br />
OBSerVaTiOnS OF TOrOiDal Free OScillaTiOnS<br />
WiTh a rinG laSer: The M9 TOhOKU-OKi eVenT<br />
35-8 14:45 Okal, Emile*: eXTracUrricUlar GeOPhYSicS: Or<br />
When inSTrUMenTS PicK UP WhaT TheY Were nOT<br />
DeSiGneD TO recOrD<br />
35-9 15:05 Melbourne, Timothy*: GreaT caScaDia earThQUaKeS<br />
in The cOnTeXT OF ePiSODic TreMOr anD SliP<br />
(eTS)<br />
15:25 Break<br />
35-10 15:45 Melnick, Daniel*; Moreno, Marcos; Cisternas, Marco;<br />
Wesson, Robert L.; Motagh, Mahdi: DeFOrMaTiOn<br />
aSSOciaTeD WiTh The MW 8.8 2010 MaUle, chile<br />
earThQUaKe<br />
35-11 16:05 Gutscher, Marc-Andre*; Lee, Chao-Shing; Klingelhoefer,<br />
Frauke; Lin, Jing-Yi; Liang, Ching-Wei: The FeB. 2010 M8.8<br />
MaUle chile earThQUaKe: aFTerShOcK STUDY<br />
FrOM a TeMPOrarY Marine SeiSMic neTWOrK<br />
anD TherMal MODelinG OF The SUBDUcTiOn<br />
inTerFace<br />
35-12 16:20 Victor, Pia*; Ziegenhagen, Thomas; González, Gabriel;<br />
Ewiak, Oktawian; Oncken, Onno: reMOTe TriGGerinG<br />
OF DiSPlaceMenT eVenTS alOnG The aFZ (n-chile)<br />
MOniTOreD WiTh The iPOc creePMeTer arraY<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 36<br />
T1D. The Mantle in 4-D: Links between Global Plate<br />
Reconstructions and Mantle Tomography<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 021<br />
Karin Sigloch and Dietmar Müller, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
36-1 11:15 Wessel, Paul*: The haWaii-eMPerOr BenD: PlaTe<br />
MOTiOn, PlUMe MOTiOn, Or BOTh?<br />
36-2 11:30 Wernicke, Brian*: The ancienT calFOrnia anD<br />
ariZOna riVerS anD iMPlicaTiOnS FOr The UPliFT<br />
anD erOSiOn hiSTOrY OF The SOUThWeSTern US<br />
36-3 12:00 Sigloch, Karin*: SeiSMic TOMOGraPhY inFerS a<br />
Trench MiSSinG FrOM PlaTe recOnSTrUcTiOnS<br />
OF The creTaceOUS FarallOn Ocean<br />
36-4 12:15 Müller, R. Dietmar*; Masterton, Sheona; Wessel, Paul;<br />
Whittaker, Joanne M.: MaPPinG UPPer ManTle<br />
DePleTiOn: The inFlUence OF riDGe MiGraTiOn<br />
anD SeaFlOOr SPreaDinG hiSTOrieS On<br />
SeaFlOOr DePTh<br />
36-5 12:30 Gradmann, S<strong>of</strong>ie*; Balling, Niels; Bondo Medhus, Anna;<br />
Ebbing, Jörg; Frassetto, Andy; Köhler, Andreas; Maupin,<br />
Valerie; Ritter, Joachim; Wawerzinek, Britta; Weidle, Christian:<br />
inFlUence OF cUrrenT ManTle STrUcTUreS On<br />
The TOPOGraPhY OF The ScanDeS<br />
36-6 12:45 Gibbons, Ana*; Aitchison, Jonathan C.; Müller, Dietmar;<br />
Whittaker, Joanne: a reViSeD hiSTOrY OF cenOZOic<br />
accreTiOnS FOr The eUraSian MarGin<br />
Munich, Germany T11
SESSION NO. 36<br />
13:00 lunch Break<br />
36-7 14:15 Suppe, John*; Carena, Sara; Wu, Yih-Min; Ustaszewski,<br />
Kamil: SUBDUcTeD liThOSPhere UnDer TaiWan:<br />
TOMOGraPhic eViDence FOr PrOGreSSiVe<br />
FliPPinG OF SUBDUcTiOn anD cOnTinenTal<br />
DelaMinaTiOn<br />
36-8 14:45 Wu, Jonathan E.*; Suppe, John: SeiSMic<br />
TOMOGraPhic cOnSTrainTS On PlaTe TecTOnic<br />
recOnSTrUcTiOnS OF The PhiliPPine Sea PlaTe<br />
36-9 15:00 Ustaszewski, Kamil*; Wu, Yih-Min; Suppe, John; Huang,<br />
Hsin-Hua; Chang, Chien-Hsin; Carena, Sara: crUST-<br />
ManTle BOUnDarieS in The TaiWan – lUZOn arccOnTinenT<br />
cOlliSiOn SYSTeM DeTerMineD FrOM<br />
lOcal earThQUaKe TOMOGraPhY anD laYereD<br />
VP MODelS<br />
36-10 15:15 Stutzmann, Eleonore*; Duval, Sebastien; Besse, Jean;<br />
van der Hilst, Robert D.: UnDerSTanDinG SeiSMic<br />
heTerOGeneiTieS in The lOWer ManTle BeneaTh<br />
WeSTern PaciFic FrOM SeiSMic TOMOGraPhY anD<br />
TecTOnic PlaTe hiSTOrY<br />
15:35 Break<br />
36-11 15:50 Faccenna, Claudio*; Becker, Thorsten W.; Lallemand, Serge;<br />
Lagabrielle, Yves; Piromallo, Claudia; Funiciello, Francesca:<br />
SUBDUcTiOn-TriGGereD MaGMaTic PUlSe<br />
36-12 16:20 Wölbern, Ingo; Rümpker, Georg*; Lindenfeld, Michael;<br />
Homuth, Benjamin; Batte, Arthur; Sodoudi, Forough:<br />
SeiSMOlOGical eViDence FOr liThOSPheric<br />
alTeraTiOn BY MelT inFilTraTiOn BeneaTh The<br />
eaST aFrican riFT<br />
36-13 16:35 Dyment, Jérôme*: riDGe–hOTSPOT inTeracTiOn: 65<br />
MilliOnS YearS OF reUniOn hOTSPOT hiSTOrY<br />
36-14 16:50 Meier, Thomas*; Endrun, Brigitte; Lebedev, Sergei; Tirel,<br />
Celine; Friederich, Wolfgang: laYereD DeFOrMaTiOn<br />
WiThin The aeGean cOnTinenTal crUST anD<br />
ManTle reVealeD BY SeiSMic aniSOTrOPY<br />
36-15 17:05 Kroner, Uwe*; Roscher, Marco: The PlaTe KineMaTic<br />
MeMOrY OF The cOnTinenTS<br />
36-16 17:20 Becker, Thorsten W.*; Boschi, Lapo; Steinberger, Bernhard:<br />
USinG SeiSMic TOMOGraPhY anD GeODYnaMic<br />
MODelS TO UnDerSTanD GlOBal SlaB MaSS FlUX<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 37<br />
T2E. Geomorphology and Surface Processes <strong>of</strong> Tectonically<br />
Active Regions<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 017<br />
Manfred Strecker, Eric Kirby, Dirk Sachse, and Andreas Mulch, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
37-1 11:10 Hinderer, Matthias*; Kastowski, Martin; Kamelger, Achim;<br />
Bartolini, Carlo; Schlunegger, Fritz: riVer lOaDS anD<br />
MODern DenUDaTiOn OF The alPS - a reVieW<br />
37-2 11:40 Brardinoni, Francesco*; Simoni, Alessandro; Macconi,<br />
Pierpaolo: liThOlOGic anD GlaciallY-cOnDiTiOneD<br />
cOnTrOlS On DeBriS-FlOW SeDiMenT FlUX in<br />
alTO aDiGe, iTalY<br />
37-3 11:55 Kober, Florian*; Hippe, Kristina; Salcher, Bernhard; Ivy-Ochs,<br />
Susan; Kubik, Peter W.; Wacker, Lukas; Willett, Sean D.: The<br />
PerTUrBaTiOn OF caTchMenT WiDe DenUDaTiOn<br />
raTeS in DeBriS FlOW DOMinaTeD caTchMenTS<br />
37-4 12:10 Campani, Marion*; Mulch, Andreas; Kempf, Oliver;<br />
Schlunegger, Fritz: OliGO-MiOcene STaBle iSOTOPe<br />
PaleOcliMaTe recOrDS FrOM PaleOSOlS in The<br />
nOrTh alPine FOrelanD BaSin<br />
37-5 12:25 Lease, Richard*; Burbank, Douglas: SeDiMenTarY,<br />
STrUcTUral anD TherMOchrOnOlOGical<br />
reSPOnSe TO PUlSeD MiOcene MOUnTain ranGe<br />
GrOWTh in nOrTheaSTern TiBeT<br />
12:40 lunch Break<br />
37-6 14:00 Shyu, J. Bruce H.*; Wang, Yu; Aung, Thura; Wang,<br />
Chung-Che; Chiang, Hong-Wei; Min, Soe; Than, Oo; Lin,<br />
Kyaw Kyaw; Sieh, Kerry; Tun, Soe Thura: cO-SeiSMic<br />
cOaSTal UPliFT anD lOnG-TerM GeOMOrPhic<br />
T12 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
DeVelOPMenT alOnG The SOUThWeSTern cOaST<br />
OF MYanMar (BUrMa)<br />
37-7 14:15 Schlunegger, Fritz*; Norton, Kevin P.: MiGraTiOn OF<br />
DeFOrMaTiOn aS a reSUlT OF cliMaTe VariaTiOnS:<br />
The anDeS<br />
37-8 14:35 McQuarrie, Nadine*; Leier, Andrew: TracKinG The<br />
cOMPeTiTiOn BeTWeen BOTh ManTle anD<br />
crUSTal GeODYnaMicS anD SUrFace PrOceSSeS<br />
in creaTinG The UniFOrM lanDScaPe OF The<br />
anDean PlaTeaU<br />
37-9 14:55 Insel, Nadja*; Poulsen, Christopher J.; Ehlers, Todd;<br />
Sturm, Christophe: reSPOnSe OF MeTeOric D18O TO<br />
SUrFace UPliFT - iMPlicaTiOnS FOr cenOZOic<br />
anDean PlaTeaU GrOWTh<br />
37-10 15:10 Gébelin, Aude; Mulch, Andreas*; Teyssier, Christian:<br />
The STaBle iSOTOPe recOrD in cOUPleD<br />
BaSin-DeTachMenT SYSTeMS aS a PrOXY<br />
FOr PaleOcliMaTe anD PaleOalTiMeTrY<br />
recOnSTrUcTiOnS<br />
37-11 15:25 Schemmel, Fabian*; Mikes, Tamás; Mulch, Andreas; Rojay,<br />
Bora: FrOM rainOUT TO rainShaDOW: a STaBle<br />
iSOTOPic PerSPecTiVe OF The cenTral anaTOlian<br />
PlaTeaU<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 38<br />
T2B. Multi-scale Sedimentary Basin Dynamics<br />
11:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 119<br />
Christian Heine and Ralf Littke, Presiding<br />
11:30 introductory remarks<br />
38-1 11:35 Huismans, Ritske S.*; Beaumont, Christopher: DePTh-<br />
DePenDenT eXTenSiOn, TWO-STaGe BreaKUP anD<br />
craTOnic UnDerPlaTinG aT riFTeD MarGinS<br />
38-2 12:05 Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena*; Maystrenko, Yuriy: DeeP<br />
cOnTrOl On ShallOW heaT in The cenTral<br />
eUrOPean BaSin SYSTeM<br />
38-3 12:25 Sippel, Judith*; Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena; Lewerenz,<br />
Björn: liThOSPhere-Scale MODelS OF The 3D<br />
cOnDUcTiVe TherMal FielD - PreDicTiOnS anD<br />
liMiTaTiOnS in The BeaUFOrT-MacKenZie BaSin<br />
(arcTic canaDa)<br />
12:45 lunch Break<br />
38-4 14:00 Tscherny, Robert; Bueker, Carsten; Noeth, Sheila; Littke,<br />
Ralf*: QUanTiTaTiVe MODellinG OF SUBSiDence,<br />
erOSiOn anD TherMal hiSTOrY OF The DOlOMiTeS,<br />
nOrThern iTalY<br />
38-5 14:15 Kukla, Peter*; Urai, Janos L.; Littke, Ralf; Reuning, Lars;<br />
Becker, Stefan; Abe, Steffen; Li, Shiyan; Warren, John;<br />
Schoenherr, Johannes; Mohr, Markus: DeFOrMaTiOn<br />
MechaniSMS anD liMiTS TO The SealinG caPaciTY<br />
OF rOcK SalT: an inTeGraTeD, MUlTi-Scale<br />
aPPrOach TO SalT BaSin eValUaTiOn<br />
38-6 14:30 Elsner, Martin*; Schöner, Robert; Gaupp, Reinhard:<br />
TecTOnic SeTTinG OF The TriaSSic TO earlY<br />
JUraSSic TranSanTarcTic BaSin – iMPlicaTiOnS<br />
FrOM SanDSTOne analYSiS FrOM nOrTh VicTOria<br />
lanD, anTarcTica<br />
14:45 Break<br />
38-7 15:00 Neubauer, Franz*; Leitner, Christoph; Schorn, Anja;<br />
Genser, Johann: DaTinG OF K-SUlPhaTeS anD OF<br />
Their DeFOrMaTiOn STrUcTUreS: PreliMinarY<br />
reSUlTS FrOM GerMan ZechSTein anD alPine<br />
haSelGeBirGe<br />
38-8 15:15 Meinhold, Guido*; Morton, Andrew C.; Fanning, C. Mark;<br />
Frei, Dirk; Howard, James P.; Phillips, Richard J.; Strogen,<br />
Dominic; Abutarruma, Yousef; Whitham, Andrew G.:<br />
PrOVenance STUDieS in The MUrZUQ BaSin OF<br />
SOUThern liBYa<br />
38-9 15:30 Eckelmann, Katja*; Königsh<strong>of</strong>, Peter; Linnemann, Ulf;<br />
H<strong>of</strong>mann, Mandy; Nesbor, Heinz-Dieter; Lange, Jan-Michael;<br />
Sagawe, Anja: DeTriTal ZircOn aGeS OF DeVOnian<br />
anD earlY carBOniFerOUS SeDiMenTS in The<br />
SOUTheaSTern rheiniScheS SchieFerGeBirGe
(rhenO-hercYnian ZOne, cenTral eUrOPean<br />
VariSciDeS) – a MUlTiDiSciPlinarY aPPrOach anD<br />
PlaTe TecTOnic iMPlicaTiOnS<br />
38-10 15:45 Jähne, Fabian*; Arfai, Jashar; Lutz, Rüdiger; Kuhlmann,<br />
Gesa: STrUcTUral eVOlUTiOn OF The GerMan<br />
cenTral GraBen<br />
16:00 Discussion<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 39<br />
T6A. Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences<br />
and Geoheritage II (GSA Geoscience Education Division; GSA<br />
International Section)<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 014<br />
Wolfgang Eder, Wesley Hill, Laurel P. Goodell, and Anke M. Friedrich, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
39-1 11:05 Huch, Monika*; Lehmann, Rainer; Hemmer, Ingrid:<br />
TeachinG GeOScienceS<br />
39-2 11:20 Goodell, Laurel P.*: PreParinG GraDUaTe STUDenTS<br />
TO Be eFFecTiVe TeacherS<br />
39-3 11:50 Rubin, Jeffrey N.*: FielD GeOlOGY anD SaFeTY are<br />
nOT MUTUallY eXclUSiVe<br />
39-4 12:10 Kestler, Franz*: an eMPirical STUDY OF<br />
GeOGraPhical FielD TriPS - MeThODOlOGY anD<br />
reSUlTS FOr The eValUaTiOn OF FielD SiTeS<br />
39-5 12:25 Künkel, H.*: MODern MeThODS OF TranSFerrinG<br />
GeOlOGical reSearch TO The PUBlic WhaT iS<br />
POSSiBle, WhaT MaKeS SenSe? SOcial MeDia anD<br />
hD-FilMinG in earTh Science FaceBOOK, YOUTUBe<br />
anD cO<br />
39-6 12:40 Lehrberger, Gerhard*; Menschik, Florian; Beer, Silvia: WeB<br />
MaPS, SMarTPhOneS, eBOOKS anD Qr cODeS: neW<br />
WaYS TO SiTeS OF GeOlOGical inTereST<br />
12:55 lunch Break<br />
39-7 14:00 Mügge-Bartolovic, Vera*; Hemmer, Ingrid; Kruhl,<br />
Jörn: GraPhicS anD lanGUaGe: BriDGeS FOr<br />
TranSFerrinG GeOScience TO The PUBlic<br />
39-8 14:15 Eder, Wolfgang; de Mulder, Eduardo*: GeOParKS anD The<br />
PlaneT earTh inSTiTUTe (Pei) - a neW PlaTFOrM<br />
TO PrOMOTe earTh ScienceS in SOcieTY in The<br />
FOllOW-On OF The iYPe<br />
39-9 14:30 Loth, Georg*; Lehrberger, Gerhard: “BaVaria’S MOST<br />
BeaUTiFUl GeOSiTeS” in FOcUS OF GeOcachinG<br />
acTiViTieS<br />
39-10 14:45 Frey, Marie-Luise*: earTh Science cOMMUnicaTiOn<br />
BY SUSTainaBle ViSiTOr ManaGeMenT aT UneScO-<br />
WOrlD heriTaGe SiTe MeSSel PiT anD neW ViSiTOr<br />
cenTre<br />
39-11 15:00 Pösges, Gisela*: Der naTiOnale GeOParK rieS<br />
39-12 15:15 Schneider, Simon*; Muench, Ute: cOMMUnicaTinG<br />
earTh ScienceS - hOW TO Plan a rOVinG<br />
eXhiBiTiOn<br />
39-13 15:30 Zellmer, Henning*: GeOParKS FOr reGUlar TOUriSTS<br />
– “hOW ManY rOcKS WOUlD YOU liKe?”<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 40<br />
T8D. State <strong>of</strong> the Art in <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping at Research<br />
Institutions, the Military, and <strong>Geological</strong> Surveys<br />
11:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
Werner Stackebrandt and Bernd Lammerer, Presiding<br />
11:00 introductory remarks<br />
40-1 11:10 Asch, Kristine*: The 1 : 2 500 000 inTernaTiOnal<br />
QUaTernarY MaP OF eUrOPe– chanGe FrOM a<br />
PUre PaPer MaP TO a GeOlOGical inFOrMaTiOn<br />
SYSTeM<br />
40-2 11:25 Gerber, Rolf*: eXTracTiOn OF GeOlOGical<br />
inFOrMaTiOn FOr The BUnDeSWehr<br />
GeOinFOrMaTiOn SerVice (BGiS) USinG reMOTe<br />
SenSinG anD GiS<br />
SESSION NO. 42<br />
40-3 11:40 Terman, Maurice J.*: U.S. GeOlOGical SUrVeY TeaM<br />
PrePareD Terrain MaPS OF GerManY aFTer<br />
WOrlD War ii<br />
40-4 11:55 Baran, Ramona*; Guest, Bernard; Friedrich, Anke M.: The<br />
USe OF hiGh-reSOlUTiOn 3-D laSer ScanninG TO<br />
UnraVel The cOMPleX rUPTUre PaTTern OF a<br />
FlOWer STrUcTUre, reX hillS, neVaDa, USa<br />
40-5 12:10 Gwinner, Klaus*; Head, James W.; Wilson, Lionel: VenT<br />
STrUcTUreS On The SUMMiT anD FlanKS OF<br />
PaVOniS MOnS: iMPlicaTiOnS FOr The VOlcanic<br />
eVOlUTiOn OF a MaJOr ShielD VOlcanO On MarS<br />
40-6 12:25 El Haddad, A. Abdallah*; Abdel Moneim, Ahmed;<br />
Asran, Mohamed Hassan: GeO-DeVelOPMenT<br />
OPPOrTUniTieS SUrrOUnDinG The UPPer – eGYPT<br />
reD Sea DeSerT rOaD, eaSTern DeSerT, eGYPT<br />
40-7 12:40 El Bahariya, Gaafar A.*: MODe OF OccUrrence<br />
anD TecTOnic SeTTinG OF neOPrOTerOZOic<br />
OPhiOliTeS OF The cenTral eaSTern DeSerT OF<br />
eGYPT: iMPlicaTiOnS FOr cOlliSiOnal TecTOnicS<br />
POSTer Technical SeSSiOnS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 41<br />
T2E. Geomorphology and Surface Processes <strong>of</strong> Tectonically<br />
Active Regions (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum 1st floor)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
41-1 21 Tietz, Olaf*; Büchner, Jörg: The lanDScaPe eVOlUTiOn OF<br />
The laUSiTZ MaSSiF – reSUlTS FrOM neOVOlcanic<br />
eDiFiceS FrOM The laUSiTZ VOlcanO FielD (eaSTern<br />
GerManY)<br />
41-2 22 Künkel, H.*: DiFFerenT MOrPhODYnaMic PrOceSSeS<br />
anD Glacier VariaTiOnS aS a cOnSeQUence<br />
OF PeTrOGraPhical anD TecTOnical<br />
STrUcTUre VariaTiOnS FirST OBSerVaTiOnS On<br />
GeOMOrPhOlOGical PrOceSS BOUnDarieS in The<br />
UPPer & MiDDle nar-PhU-KhOla (DaMODarhiMalaYa,<br />
nePal)<br />
41-3 23 Kuhlmann, Cornelia*: GeOMOrPhOlOGY OF The JaVa<br />
FOrearc BaSin, inDOneSia<br />
41-4 24 Gerlach, Robert*; Friedrich, Anke M.: a nOVel TOOl TO<br />
eSTiMaTe recenT TecTOnic DiSPlaceMenT alOnG<br />
a larGe STriKe-SliP FaUlT: MaPPinG OF OFFSeT<br />
DrUMlinS anD laKeFrOnTS WiThin The cenTral<br />
canaDian cOrDillera On hiGh-reSOlUTiOn<br />
SaTelliTe iMaGerY<br />
41-5 25 H<strong>of</strong>fmann, Markus*; Friedrich, Anke M.; Niemeyer, Adelbert:<br />
alTernaTiVe inTerPreTaTiOn OF The aSYMMeTric<br />
ShaPe OF The TerTiarY hillS, MOlaSSe BaSin,<br />
GerManY<br />
41-6 26 Lüdecke, Tina*; Mikes, Tamás; Schemmel, Fabian; Rojay, Bora;<br />
Mulch, Andreas: laTe cenOZOic PaleOenVirOnMenTal<br />
iSOTOPe recOrDS OF The cenTral anaTOlian PlaTeaU,<br />
TUrKeY<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 42<br />
T3A. Local Events <strong>with</strong> Global Impact (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P3 (1st floor hallway)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
42-1 10 Gwinner, Klaus*: 3D SUrFace DeFOrMaTiOn DUrinG The<br />
MaY 2008 FlanK erUPTiOn OF MT. eTna FrOM airBOrne<br />
STereO iMaGinG<br />
42-2 11 Lavallée, Yan*; Mitchell, Thomas M.; Heap, M.J.; Hess, Kai-Uwe;<br />
Kendrick, Jackie E.; Kennedy, Ben; Ashwell, Paul; Hirose, Tahehiro;<br />
Dingwell, Donald B.: DYnaMicS OF FricTiOn, FricTiOnal<br />
Munich, Germany T13
SESSION NO. 42<br />
MelTinG anD GeneraTiOn OF PSeUDOTachYlYTeS in<br />
VOlcanic cOnDUiTS<br />
42-3 12 Hanson, Jonathan B.*; Lavallée, Yan; Goldstein, Fabian; Kueppers,<br />
Ulrich; Hess, Kai-Uwe; Dingwell, Donald B.: a rheOlOGical<br />
MaP OF TUnGUrahUa VOlcanO (ecUaDOr): eXPlaininG<br />
The eXPlOSiVe-eFFUSiVe TranSiTiOn<br />
42-4 13 Petrakova, Linda*: inVeSTiGaTinG The STaBiliTY OF<br />
VOlcanic eDiFiceS aT VOlcÁn De cOliMa, MeXicO<br />
42-5 14 Kendrick, Jackie E.*; Lavallée, Y.; Mariani, E.; Heap, M.J.;<br />
Gaunt, H.E.; Sammonds, P.R.; Dingwell, Donald B.: hiGh-<br />
TeMPeraTUre MaGMa DeFOrMaTiOn: a STUDY FrOM<br />
VOlcan De cOliMa (MeXicO)<br />
42-6 15 Heistek, Rosanne*; Lavallée, Yan; De Campos, Cristina; Hess,<br />
Kai-Uwe; Dingwell, Donald B.: larGe-Scale OBSiDian<br />
eMPlaceMenT aT OBSiDian cliFF, YellOWSTOne (USa)<br />
42-7 16 Morgavi, Daniele*; Perugini, Diego; De Campos, Cristina; Lavallée,<br />
Yan; Dingwell, Donald B.; Morgan, Lisa A.: MaGMa MiXinG<br />
BeTWeen rhYOliTic anD BaSalTic MaGMaS in The<br />
BrUneaU-JarBiDGe erUPTiVe cenTer, SnaKe riVer<br />
Plain (USa): an eXPeriMenTal STUDY<br />
42-8 17 Kueppers, Ulrich*; Cimarelli, Corrado; Delmelle, Pierre; Lavallée,<br />
Yan; Taddeucci, Jacopo; Dingwell, Donald B.: VOlcanic aSh: an<br />
aGenT in earTh SYSTeMS<br />
42-9 18 Kueppers, Ulrich*; Alatorre-Ibargüengoitia, Miguel A.; Hort,<br />
Matthias; Kremers, Simon B.; Meier, Kristina; Scarlato, Piergiorgio;<br />
Scheu, Bettina; Taddeucci, Jacopo; Dingwell, Donald B.: The<br />
VUlKan in WaaKirchen: VOlcanO MOniTOrinG MeeTS<br />
eXPeriMenTal VOlcanOlOGY<br />
42-10 19 Douillet, Guilhem Amin*; Kueppers, Ulrich; Dingwell, Donald B.:<br />
crOSS STraTiFicaTiOnS in DePOSiTS OF eXPlOSiVe<br />
VOlcanic erUPTiOnS<br />
42-11 20 Scheu, Bettina*; Kueppers, Ulrich; Dingwell, Donald B.:<br />
cOnSTraininG VOlcanic erUPTiOn DYnaMicS BY<br />
MaGMa FraGMenTaTiOn eXPeriMenTS<br />
42-12 21 Scolamacchia, Teresa*; Scheu, B.E.; Alatorre, Miguel Sr.; Dingwell,<br />
Donald B.: GeTTinG inSiGhTS inTO The MechaniSMS OF<br />
ParTicleS acceleraTiOn FOllOWinG ShOcK WaVeS<br />
PrOPaGaTiOn<br />
42-13 22 Smith, Rosanna*; Scheu, B.E.; Kueppers, Ulrich; Lavallée, Yan;<br />
Benson, Philip; Dingwell, Donald B.: inSiGhTS inTO MaGMa<br />
FraGMenTaTiOn FrOM acOUSTic eMiSSiOn MOniTOrinG<br />
OF laBOraTOrY eXPeriMenTS<br />
42-14 23 de Biasi, Lea J.*; Chevrel, Magdalena O.; Hanson, Jonathan B.;<br />
Hess, Kai-Uwe; Lavallée, Yan; Dingwell, Donald B.: neW<br />
aPPlicaTiOn FOr eValUaTinG The inFlUence OF<br />
crYSTalliZaTiOn On MaGMa rheOlOGY<br />
42-15 24 Wiesmaier, Sebastian*; Hess, Kai-Uwe; Lavallée, Yan; Flaws,<br />
Asher; Schillinger, Burkhard; Dingwell, Donald B.: DeVelOPMenT<br />
OF Shear ZOneS in crYSTal-BearinG MaGMaS:<br />
eViDence FrOM hiGh-reSOlUTiOn neUTrOn cOMPUTeD<br />
TOMOGraPhY<br />
42-16 25 Alatorre, Miguel Sr.*; Dingwell, Donald B.; Delgado-Granados,<br />
Hugo: VUlcanian erUPTiOnS anD haZarD aSSeSSMenT<br />
OF BalliSTic iMPacTS<br />
42-17 26 Cimarelli, Corrado*; Alatorre-Ibargüengoitia, Miguel; Taddeucci,<br />
Jacopo; Guilbaud, Marie-Noëlle: a reaPPraiSal OF The<br />
eXPlOSiVe acTiViTY OF XiTle VOlcanO, MeXicO ciTY<br />
42-18 27 Kremers, Simon B.*; Wassermann, Joachim: eSTiMaTiOn anD<br />
MODelinG OF The TOTal enerGY BUDGeT OF a VOlcanO<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 43<br />
T6A. Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth Sciences<br />
and Geoheritage (Posters) (GSA International Section; GSA<br />
Geoscience Education Division)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P3 (1st floor hallway)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
43-1 28 Bookhagen, Britta*; Zulka-Schaller, Gertrude; Koeberl,<br />
Christian: “MOBile PhOne TeachinG KiT”: cOnnecTinG<br />
GeOScienceS anD eVerYDaY aPPlicaTiOnS BY<br />
T14 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
PrOViDinG a PrOFeSSiOnal DeVelOPMenT FOr<br />
naTUral Science TeacherS<br />
43-2 29 H<strong>of</strong>mann, Florian*; Carena, Sara; Friedrich, Anke M.:<br />
OrGaniZinG FielD TriPS FOr larGe GrOUPS OF<br />
UnDerGraDUaTe STUDenTS: OUr eXPerience FrOM The<br />
Berliner hüTTe FielD eXerciSe, ZillerTal, aUSTria<br />
43-3 30 Evers, Serjoscha; Engelmann, Oliver*; H<strong>of</strong>mann, Florian:<br />
“heUreKa” in GeOlOGical eDUcaTiOn? ScienTiFic<br />
reSearch BY UnDerGraDUaTe STUDenTS — learninG<br />
ThrOUGh analOG MODelinG<br />
43-4 31 Bartsch, H.-U.; Gdaniec, P.*; Steininger, A.; Linke, V.; Heineke, J.;<br />
Asch, K.: The inTeracTiVe “GeO-ScienTiFic POTenTialS<br />
OF The GerMan nOrTh Sea” WeBSiTe: a SKeTch OF a<br />
neW aPPrOach in WeB PUBlicaTiOn OF GeO-ScienTiFic<br />
inFOrMaTiOn<br />
43-5 32 Engelbrecht, Hubert*; Schwarz, Peter J.: The hOellenTal<br />
MUSeUM (DiSTricT GarMiSch-ParTenKirchen,<br />
S-BaVaria, GerManY)<br />
43-6 33 Loth, Georg*; Pürner, Thomas: BaVaria’S 100 MOST<br />
BeaUTiFUl PlaceS OF OUTSTanDinG naTUral BeaUTY<br />
(“GeOTOPeS”) – a FirST SUMMarY<br />
43-7 34 Felzmann, Dirk*: earTh learninG iDeaS FOr GerMan<br />
SchOOlS<br />
43-8 35 Huch, Monika*; Geißler, Lutz: JOinT acTiViTieS “rOcK OF The<br />
Year”<br />
43-9 36 Huch, Monika*: The GeOlOGical calenDar<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 44<br />
T8D. State <strong>of</strong> the Art in <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping at Research<br />
Institutions, the Military, and <strong>Geological</strong> Surveys (Posters)<br />
08:30, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P3 (1st floor hallway)<br />
Authors will be present from 16:30 to 18:00<br />
Booth #<br />
44-1 37 Foyle, Anthony M.*; Pluta, Matthew J.; Naber, Michael D.: liDar<br />
MaPPinG OF ShOrT-TerM BlUFF receSSiOn, laKe erie,<br />
PennSYlVania, USa: rOleS OF BlUFF GeOMOrPhOlOGY<br />
anD GrOUnDWaTer FlUX<br />
44-2 38 Hosseini, Samira*; Azizi, Ali; Bahroudi, Abbas; Sharifi,<br />
Mohammad Ali: Three DiMenSiOnal MODelinG OF<br />
GeOlOGical MaPS WiTh carTOSaT1 (iriS P5) SaTelliTe<br />
iMaGeS WiThOUT GrOUnD cOnTrOl POinTS<br />
44-3 39 El Janati, M’hamed Sr.*; Soulaimani, Abderahmane Sr.; Admou,<br />
Hassan Sr.; Hafid, Ahmid Sr.; Bouabdelli, Mohamed Sr.:<br />
GeOlOGical MaPPinG OF PrOTerOZOic BaSeMenT<br />
OF iGUerDa-TaYFST inlier (cenTral anTi-aTlaS,<br />
MOrOccO), BaSeD On The inTerPreTaTiOn OF The<br />
DiVerGence OF SPecTral inFOrMaTiOn<br />
44-4 40 Sundermann, Lukas*; Carena, Sara; Friedrich, Anke M.:<br />
GeOlOGY, ScarP MOrPhOlOGY anD FaUlT KineMaTicS<br />
OF The nOrThern VOlcanic TaBlelanD, OWenS ValleY,<br />
caliFOrnia<br />
44-5 41 Schmid, Diana M.*; Baran, Ramona; Tsekhmistrenko, Maria;<br />
Sundermann, Lukas; Friedrich, Anke M.: FielD MaPPinG<br />
in The 21st cenTUrY: recOnSTrUcTiOn OF FaUlT<br />
DiSPlaceMenT in allUVial Fan DePOSiTS, PiUTe creeK,<br />
WhiTe MOUnTain FaUlT ZOne, caliFOrnia, BaSeD On<br />
hiGh-reSOlUTiOn SaTelliTe iMaGerY anD FielD WOrK<br />
44-6 42 Tsekhmistrenko, Maria*; Schmid, Diana M.; Sundermann, Lukas;<br />
Friedrich, Anke M.: FielD MaPPinG in The 21st cenTUrY:<br />
cOMPariSOn OF cOnVenTiOnal FielD MaPPinG anD<br />
SaTelliTe-iMaGe-BaSeD MaPPinG: an eXaMPle FrOM<br />
OWenS ValleY, caliFOrnia, a TecTOnicallY acTiVe<br />
anD ariD reGiOn in The USa<br />
44-7 43 Elkhashab, Mohamed*; Schalhammer, Katrina; Schmid, Diana M.;<br />
Gerlach, Robert; El-Haddad, Abd Elaziz A.; Friedrich, Anke M.: a<br />
neW GeOlOGical MaP OF WaDi SiaTin BaSeD On FielD<br />
MaPPinG anD hiGh-reSOlUTiOn SaTelliTe iMaGerY,<br />
reD Sea cOaST, eGYPT
Oral Technical SeSSiOnS<br />
SeSSiOn nO. 45<br />
T8B. Current and Future Geodetic Satellite Missions and Their<br />
Applications to Geology<br />
14:00, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
Roland Pail, Michael Eineder, and Richard Bamler, Presiding<br />
45-1 14:00 Hackl, Matthias*; Bachtadse, Valerian; Hugentobler, Urs:<br />
STrain raTe PaTTernS FrOM GPS aT cOnVerGenT<br />
PlaTe BOUnDarieS<br />
45-2 14:15 Nankali, Hamid Reza*; Tavakoli, Farokh: iranian<br />
PerManenT GPS neTWOrK anD iTS aPPlicaTiOnS<br />
TO crUSTal DeFOrMaTiOn MOniTOrinG anD<br />
MODelinG<br />
45-3 14:30 Tabibi, Sajad*; M. Hossainali, Masoud; Djamour, Yahya:<br />
cO-SeiSMic DeFOrMaTiOn OF The San-SiMeOn<br />
earThQUaKe BY USinG hiGh raTe GPS DaTa<br />
45-4 14:45 Eineder, Michael*; Cong, Xiaoying; Adam, Nico; Minet,<br />
Christian; Bamler, Richard: TOWarDS GeODeTic<br />
MeaSUreMenTS FrOM Sar SaTelliTeS<br />
SESSION NO. 45<br />
45-5 15:00 Gozalpour, Behnaz*; Motagh, Mahdi: MOniTOrinG OF<br />
lanDSliDe DiSPlaceMenT in SeMirOM, iran, USinG<br />
Sar inTerFerOMeTrY<br />
15:15 Break<br />
45-6 15:30 Beavan, John; Motagh, Mahdi*; Samsonov, Sergey; Fielding,<br />
Eric J.; Celentano, Andrea: SaTelliTe GeODeTic<br />
OBSerVaTiOnS OF The cOSeiSMic anD POSTSeiSMic<br />
DeFOrMaTiOn aSSOciaTeD WiTh The 2010 MW<br />
7.1 DarFielD anD 2011 MW 6.3 chriSTchUrch<br />
earThQUaKeS in neW ZealanD<br />
45-7 15:45 Pail, Roland*; Schuh, Wolf-Dieter; Mayer-Gürr, Torsten;<br />
Jäggi, Adrian; Maier, Andrea; Fecher, Thomas; Brockmann,<br />
Jan Martin: GlOBal GraViTY FielD MODelS DeriVeD<br />
FrOM GOce anD cOMPleMenTarY GraViTY FielD<br />
DaTa anD Their USe in earTh SYSTeM reSearch<br />
45-8 16:00 Peterseim, Nadja*; Schlicht, Anja: iMPacTS OF<br />
TherMOSPhere anD iOnOSPhere On DaTa OF lOW<br />
OrBiTinG GeODeTic PreciSiOn SPace MiSSiOnS<br />
45-9 16:15 Eineder, Michael*; Hajnsek, Irena; Moreira, Alberto;<br />
Bamler, Richard; Krieger, Gerhard; Minet, Christian; DeZan,<br />
Francesco: TanDeM-l: a raDar MiSSiOn PrOPOSal<br />
TO caPTUre earTh DYnaMicS<br />
Munich, Germany T15
SESSION NO. 1, 08:45<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
S1. Plenary: Global-Scale Processes: Global Plate<br />
Motions & Structure and Dynamics <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s<br />
Mantle (LMU Fragile Earth Fund; German Science<br />
Foundation (DFG))<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, E 120<br />
(Grosse Aula)<br />
1-1 08:50 Müller, R. Dietmar<br />
THE EVOLUTION OF THE SOLID EARTH OVER THE PAST 200 MILLION YEARS:<br />
CONSTRAINTS FROM MANTLE STRUCTURE, PLATE TECTONIC HISTORY, AND<br />
SURFACE GEOLOGY<br />
MÜLLER, R. Dietmar, School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09,<br />
Sydney 2006 Australia, dietmar.muller@sydney.edu.au<br />
In the past years our increasing ability to synthesise observations in paleogeographic<br />
information systems and to link them to high-performance computing models has resulted in<br />
major improvements in models <strong>of</strong> mantle convection and plate tectonic cycles. However, most<br />
current models are restricted to analysing only about 3% <strong>of</strong> Earth’s history, typically staring in<br />
the Early Cretaceous (140 Ma). Even for this geologically short period <strong>of</strong> time, opinions diverge<br />
on whether we know enough to push solid earth models back this far. Analogous to unravelling<br />
poorly preserved geological processes, any given observable by itself is insufficient to<br />
completely reconstruct either surface plate motions or mantle convection. In terms <strong>of</strong> the plate<br />
tectonic history, the main unknowns concern the reconstruction <strong>of</strong> now subducted ocean basins<br />
and absolute plate motions. Here seismic mantle tomography provides a missing link, because<br />
subducted slabs imaged in the mantle reflect the history <strong>of</strong> the geometry and migration<br />
<strong>of</strong> convergent plate boundaries over the mantle as well as the time-dependence <strong>of</strong> plate<br />
convergence rates. Mantle tomography models, on the other hand, are plagued by regional<br />
and depth-dependent uncertainties, which are usually not easy to discern for “end-users”.<br />
Nevertheless, many recent global tomography models have reached a level <strong>of</strong> detail that <strong>of</strong>fer<br />
the prospect <strong>of</strong> establishing a “subduction reference frame”, in which global plate motions and<br />
plate boundary geometries through time are anchored by matching subducted slab volumes<br />
in the deep mantle back to 200 million years ago. An intriguing prospect <strong>of</strong> the model iteration<br />
involved is that the structure <strong>of</strong> the deep mantle can ultimately be used to differentiate between<br />
alternative plate models, both in a global and regional context. In addition surface geological<br />
data can be used to put further constraints on such coupled plate kinematic-mantle convection<br />
models. Key geological observables include geological and palaeomagnetic data from the<br />
margins and terranes associated <strong>with</strong> now closed ocean basins, geological remnants <strong>of</strong> midocean<br />
ridge subduction such as adakites, global and regional sea level records, reflecting both<br />
changes in the volume <strong>of</strong> the ocean basins as well as mantle-driven dynamic topography and<br />
long-term chemical cycles in the ocean basins.<br />
1-2 09:25 Kennett, Brian<br />
MAPPING THE MANTLE WITH SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY<br />
KENNETT, Brian, Research School <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, The Australian National University,<br />
Canberra ACT 0200 Australia, Brian.Kennett@anu.edu.au<br />
Seismic tomography provides the primary information on the three-dimensional variation<br />
in physical properties in the mantle <strong>of</strong> the Earth. The trend has been to combine multiple<br />
data sets to obtain models covering as wide a span <strong>of</strong> scale lengths as possible. Thus free<br />
<strong>Abstracts</strong><br />
<strong>Abstracts</strong> to be presented at the International Conference<br />
FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales,<br />
Associated Hazards and Resources<br />
Munich, Germany<br />
4–7 September 2011<br />
NoTE INdExING SySTEM<br />
Numbers (2-4, 15-4) indicate session and order <strong>of</strong> presentation <strong>with</strong>in that session.<br />
Further information concerning the presented papers on which these abstracts are based<br />
should be obtained by contacting the authors <strong>of</strong> the abstracts.<br />
oscillation data, surface waves and the passage times <strong>of</strong> seismic waves may all be brought<br />
together in a single inversion. The advantage is that the various classes <strong>of</strong> data provide<br />
different sampling <strong>of</strong> the Earth, the downside is that judgements need to be made on the<br />
relative importance <strong>of</strong> the different data sets. Much effort has been expended on extracting<br />
passage times for intermediate frequency seismic waves for which simple ray theory is barely<br />
adequate. Improved results can be obtained by allowing for finite frequency effects either<br />
through complex kernels in a single pass inversion from a fixed reference model or through<br />
iterative update <strong>of</strong> the model in a nonlinear inversion.<br />
A challenge remains to interpret the patterns <strong>of</strong> variation, since we see the imprint <strong>of</strong><br />
the sampling <strong>of</strong> the Earth and the impact <strong>of</strong> regularisation required to produce stable<br />
inversions. We can expect that tomographic images will underestimate the true variation in<br />
seismic properties. Where joint inversions are undertaken <strong>with</strong> suitably controlled datasets<br />
ratios <strong>of</strong> properties can be reliably determined even though the absolute variations are not.<br />
Interpretations <strong>of</strong> patterns <strong>of</strong> seismic heterogeneity need to take account <strong>of</strong> the nonlinear<br />
dependence <strong>of</strong> seismic wavespeeds on temperatures and a simple derivative assigned to a<br />
reference model is not adequate. Indeed the influence <strong>of</strong> reference models is significant and<br />
can influence physical interpretation.<br />
1-3 10:00 Gurnis, Michael<br />
THE DYNAMICS OF PLATE TECTONICS AND MANTLE FLOW: FROM LOCAL TO<br />
GLOBAL SCALES<br />
GURNIS, Michael1 , ALISIC, Laura1 , STADLER, Georg2 , BURSTEDDE, Carsten2 ,<br />
GHATTAS, Omar2 , and WILCOX, Lucas2 , (1) Seismological Laboratory, California Institute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, gurnis@gps.caltech.edu,<br />
(2) Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University <strong>of</strong> Texas, Austin,<br />
TX 78712<br />
Understanding the dynamics <strong>of</strong> plate motions has long been a challenge since global models<br />
have never been able to incorporate the essential physics <strong>of</strong> tectonic plates. Plate motion/<br />
mantle flow models have been limited through the use <strong>of</strong> simplified rheologies, artificial<br />
boundary conditions, or parameterized edge forces. We describe a new generation <strong>of</strong> global<br />
mantle flow models predicting the motion <strong>of</strong> plates <strong>with</strong> individual plate margins resolved<br />
down to a scale <strong>of</strong> 1 km, allowing for the bending <strong>of</strong> subducting slabs and deformation <strong>of</strong> plate<br />
boundaries and their interiors. These models have been forged by advances in the scalability<br />
<strong>of</strong> adaptive mesh refinement methods on massively parallel computers. The global flow models<br />
have been constrained through observations over large and small scales: Euler poles <strong>of</strong> plates,<br />
internal plate deformation (including micro-plate motion), and state <strong>of</strong> stress from seismic focal<br />
mechanisms in Beni<strong>of</strong>f zones. Back-arc extension and slab roll back (including the rapidly<br />
deforming Tonga-Kermadec and New Hebrides subduction zones) are emergent consequences<br />
<strong>of</strong> slab descent in the upper mantle. The cold thermal anomalies <strong>with</strong>in the lower mantle are<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten coupled into oceanic plates through narrow high viscosity slabs, speeding up or slowing<br />
down oceanic plates. The calculations show that viscous dissipation <strong>with</strong>in the bending<br />
lithosphere at trenches amounts to only ~5-20% <strong>of</strong> the total dissipation through the entire<br />
lithosphere and mantle. The models are consistent <strong>with</strong> detailed constraints on the state <strong>of</strong><br />
stress and strain rate from deep focus earthquakes. Models that best fit plateness criteria and<br />
plate motion data have strong slabs that have high stresses. The regions containing the Mw 8.3<br />
Bolivia and Mw 7.6 Tonga 1994 events are considered in detail. Modeled stress orientations<br />
match stress patterns from earthquake focal mechanisms. A yield stress <strong>of</strong> at least 100 MPa<br />
is required to fit plate motions and matches the minimum stress requirement obtained from the<br />
stress drop for the Bolivia 1994 deep focus event. The minimum strain rate determined from<br />
seismic moment release in the Tonga slab provides an upper limit on the strength in the slab.<br />
We describe how geodynamics could unfold in the next few years as the methods are pushed<br />
into the time domain while being linked to geological observations.<br />
Munich, Germany A1<br />
Monday<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 2<br />
SESSION NO. 2, 11:00<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T2D. Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic, Adjacent<br />
Continents, and Passive Continental Margins<br />
in General<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 125<br />
2-1 11:15 Dalziel, Ian W.D.<br />
THE INITIATION OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN BASIN<br />
DALZIEL, Ian W.D. 1 , LAWVER, Lawrence A. 1 , and MURPHY, J. Brendan2 , (1) Institute for<br />
Geophysics, Jackson School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet<br />
Road (R2200), Austin, TX 78758-4445, ian@ig.utexas.edu, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth<br />
Sciences, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada<br />
The initial stage <strong>of</strong> opening <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic Ocean basin was at its southern extremity.<br />
There the process commenced <strong>with</strong> stretching <strong>of</strong> the continental crust between Africa, South<br />
<strong>America</strong> and Antarctica in the area that was to become the Weddell Sea, Natal embayment and<br />
Falkland Plateau. This was associated <strong>with</strong> the long-controversial, but now well documented,<br />
counterclockwise rotation <strong>of</strong> the Ellsworth-Whitmore mountains crustal block <strong>of</strong> Antarctica and<br />
the clockwise rotation <strong>of</strong> the Falkland/Malvinas Islands crustal block (‘Lafonian microplate’)<br />
<strong>of</strong> South <strong>America</strong>. All this took place prior to the formation <strong>of</strong> any oceanic lithosphere, as in<br />
the case <strong>of</strong> the rotation <strong>of</strong> the Danakil horst during stretching in the Afar triangle. We have<br />
suggested (Dalziel et al., Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2000) that the late Permian-<br />
Triassic formation <strong>of</strong> the Gondwanide fold belt, the initial stretching and fragmentation <strong>of</strong><br />
Gondwana in that region, and the Jurassic (ca. 180 Ma) Karoo-Ferrar LIP were all the result <strong>of</strong><br />
a plume impinging on a downgoing Panthalassic margin slab, thermo-mechanically breaking<br />
through that oceanic slab, updoming and fragmenting the continental lithosphere, and finally<br />
manifesting itself as the Karoo-Ferrar LIP. The best candidate for a present day hotspot related<br />
to such a plume is Bouvet Island. The interaction between a plume and a downgoing slab <strong>of</strong><br />
oceanic lithosphere has now been imaged in the Pacific Northwest <strong>of</strong> the United States by<br />
high resolution tomographic images obtained using shear and and compressional data from<br />
the ongoing USArray deployment (Obrebski et al., Geophysical Research Letters, 2010).<br />
This presents an opportunity to reassess the potential involvement <strong>of</strong> a single plume head in<br />
both the formation and the dismemberment <strong>of</strong> the Gondwanide fold thrust belt as well as the<br />
stretching and block rotation associated <strong>with</strong> the initiation <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic Ocean basin.<br />
2-2 11:45 Stein, Carol A.<br />
LEARNING FROM FAILURE: NEW INSIGHTS INTO CONTINENTAL RIFTING FROM<br />
NORTH AMERICA’S FAILED MID-CONTINENT RIFT<br />
STEIN, Carol A. 1 , STEIN, Seth2 , and VAN DER LEE, Suzan2 , (1) Earth & Environmental<br />
Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St, m/c 186, Chicago, IL 60607-<br />
7059, cstein@uic.edu, (2) Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, 1850<br />
Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-2150<br />
Engineers have long realized that much can be learned about how complicated systems like<br />
aircraft or nuclear reactors really - as opposed to ideally - work by studying their failures. The<br />
same is likely to be true for the rifting phase <strong>of</strong> the Wilson cycle. Most <strong>of</strong> our knowledge about<br />
ancient rifting comes from studying continental rifting occurring today or passive continental<br />
margins remaining from successful rifts. An alternative is to study failed rifts preserved in<br />
continental interiors, such as North <strong>America</strong>’s Mid-Continent Rift System (MCRS). The<br />
2000-km-long MCRS, which is comparable in length to the present East African and Baikal rifts,<br />
has two major arms identified using the large gravity and magnetic anomalies resulting from<br />
dense and highly magnetic mafic igneous rocks. This system evolved at around 1.1 Ga during a<br />
rifting event recorded by volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary rocks. Petrologic and geochemical<br />
models favor the MCRS having formed by active rifting over a mantle plume. In such scenarios,<br />
the two arms are analogous to today’s East African rift - Red Sea - Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aden system that<br />
is splitting Africa into three plates. Alternatively, many tectonic models view the rift as having<br />
formed as part <strong>of</strong> the Grenville orogeny, the series <strong>of</strong> 1.3-0.9 Ga tectonic events to the east<br />
associated <strong>with</strong> the assembly <strong>of</strong> Rodinia. In such interpretations, convergence at the southern<br />
margin <strong>of</strong> Laurentia (North <strong>America</strong>) caused extension and magmatism in the continental<br />
interior, including formation <strong>of</strong> the MCRS. This scenario could be similar to the way the Baikal<br />
rift may result from the Himalayan collision. In either scenario, the rift arms may have been the<br />
borders <strong>of</strong> a microplate that existed until the rifting failed, possibly because changing far-field<br />
stresses as the Grenville orogeny progressed caused compression that slowed and stopped<br />
the extension. New insight into these processes will be forthcoming from the SPREE (Superior<br />
Province Rifting Earthscope Experiment) project that uses Earthscope’s broadband Flexarray<br />
seismometers. Records <strong>of</strong> distant earthquakes and gravity and magnetic data will be analyzed<br />
to provide multi-scale three-dimensional images <strong>of</strong> the structure <strong>of</strong> the crust and mantle<br />
beneath the MCRS.<br />
2-3 12:05 Heine, Christian<br />
BREAKING THE CRATONIC EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC BRIDGE: WHY THERE IS NO<br />
SAHARAN OCEAN<br />
HEINE, Christian, School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, The University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Building F09,<br />
The University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, 2006, Australia, Christian.Heine@sydney.edu.au and BRUNE,<br />
Sascha, Section 2.5 Geodynamic Modeling Group, GFZ-Potsdam, Telegrafenberg,<br />
Potsdam, 14473, Germany<br />
In the Mid Cretaceous, transtensional shear in the Equatorial Atlantic domain caused the<br />
ultimate breakup between South <strong>America</strong>n and African lithospheres. Rifting along the presentday<br />
conjugate South Atlantic margins up into the Benue Trough as well as in the Central and<br />
West African Rift systems is initiated in the early Cretaceous (~145 Ma). Progressive crustal<br />
thinning and subsidence in these intracontinental rifts continue for about 20-25 Myrs when<br />
geological data points to an onset <strong>of</strong> strike-slip related deformation and transtensional basin<br />
formation along the present-day conjugate Equatorial Atlantic margins.<br />
We investigate the succession <strong>of</strong> events by integrating quantified plate reconstructions <strong>with</strong><br />
3d thermomechanical modelling using the elasto-visco-plastic finite element code SLIM3D. Our<br />
modelling shows that oblique extensional deformation requires less tectonic force than normal<br />
extension. Hence, <strong>of</strong> two competing rift zones <strong>with</strong> different orientation but otherwise identical<br />
properties, the one <strong>with</strong> higher obliquity is energetically preferred. Applying a constant force<br />
at the extensional model boundary together <strong>with</strong> nonlinear localization effects in the rift zone<br />
induces continental break-up only after a distinct rift period.<br />
We argue that after about 10-15 Myrs <strong>of</strong> normal extension in the South Atlantic and West<br />
African rifts at relatively slow velocities, deformation localised in the Equatorial Atlantic domain.<br />
This effectively terminated major lithospheric extension related to the South Atlantic opening<br />
north <strong>of</strong> the Benue region in Africa. The modelling further shows that at constant tectonic<br />
A2 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
force, extensional velocities in an established rift will increase significantly, hence resulting<br />
in an increase <strong>of</strong> plate velocities <strong>of</strong> South <strong>America</strong> relative to Africa, implying a multi-velocity<br />
extensional history <strong>of</strong> the conjugate South Atlantic passive margins.<br />
2-4 12:20 Colli, Lorenzo<br />
FULL WAVEFORM TOMOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC UPPER MANTLE<br />
COLLI, Lorenzo1 , FICHTNER, Andreas2 , and BUNGE, Hans-Peter1 , (1) Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich,<br />
Theresienstr. 41, Munich, 80333, Germany, colli@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de,<br />
(2) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O Box 80125, Utrecht, 3508,<br />
Netherlands<br />
We develop a full waveform tomography to infer the thermo-chemical state <strong>of</strong> the upper mantle<br />
beneath the South Atlantic, and to address various key questions concerning the geodynamic<br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> the region: (1) How and to which extent does the South Atlantic plume system<br />
feed the asthenosphere in the oceanic basin and adjacent regions? (2) What are the current<br />
thermal states <strong>of</strong> the Walvis Ridge and the Etendeka and Paraná continental flood basalts?<br />
(3) What, if any, is the pathway <strong>of</strong> slow seismic material descending from the asthenosphere<br />
to the lower mantle? (4) Is the prominent topographic gradient across the South Atlantic region<br />
from Africa to South <strong>America</strong> explicable solely in terms <strong>of</strong> lower mantle structure, or do we also<br />
find a systematic gradient in upper mantle heterogeneity across the ocean basin? (5) What is<br />
the relation <strong>of</strong> upper mantle heterogeneity and anisotropic structure to the Mid-Atlantic ridge<br />
system and hotspots?<br />
Full waveform tomography allows us to exploit information from seismograms in a very<br />
efficient way. Our approach is thus well suited for regions <strong>with</strong> comparatively low data coverage<br />
such as the South Atlantic.<br />
2-5 12:35 Wefer, Gerold<br />
LAND-OCEAN INTERACTIONS IN AFRICA RECORDED IN DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS<br />
WEFER, Gerold, MULITZA, Stefan, and SCHULZ, Michael, MARUM - Center for Marine<br />
Environmental Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Bremen, Leobener Str, Bremen, 28359, Germany,<br />
gwefer@marum.de<br />
Ocean circulation plays an important role for terrestrial climates including the tropical<br />
monsoonal belt. Information about continental climate as well as the state <strong>of</strong> the ocean<br />
is continuously recorded in marine hemipelagic sediments which <strong>of</strong>fer the opportunity to<br />
study relationships between terrestrial and marine climates at various time scales. Here,<br />
we review the history <strong>of</strong> African vegetation and precipitation during the past ~200 kyrs and<br />
its relation to changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. We use the stable<br />
isotopic composition <strong>of</strong> benthic foraminifera as a proxy for ocean ventilation. Information about<br />
continental climate has been derived from bulk geochemistry and grain size (as a proxy for<br />
dust input), the carbon isotopic composition <strong>of</strong> plant leaf wax (as a proxy for the composition <strong>of</strong><br />
vegetation) and the hydrogen isotopic composition <strong>of</strong> plant leaf wax (as proxy for the amount<br />
<strong>of</strong> precipitation). The data show that changes in both, ocean circulation and Earth’s orbit are<br />
important modulators <strong>of</strong> African precipitation on the orbital to centennial time scale. A strong<br />
anthropogenic overprint is observed since the beginning <strong>of</strong> the nineteenth century, when a<br />
sharp increase in dust deposition accompanies the advent <strong>of</strong> commercial agriculture in the<br />
Sahel region.<br />
2-6 14:00 Japsen, Peter<br />
ELEVATED, PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS: NOT RIFT SHOULDERS BUT<br />
EXPRESSIONS OF EPISODIC, POST-RIFT BURIAL AND EXHUMATION DRIVEN BY<br />
CHANGES IN PLATE MOTION AND/OR MANTLE FLOW<br />
JAPSEN, Peter1 , CHALMERS, James A. 1 , GREEN, Paul F. 2 , and BONOW, Johan M. 3 ,<br />
(1) <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, DK-1350,<br />
pj@geus.dk, (2) Geotrack International, Melbourne, 3055, (3) Copenhagen, DK-1350<br />
Many studies <strong>of</strong> elevated, passive continental margins (EPCMs) assume that their<br />
characteristic, large-scale morphology <strong>with</strong> high-level plateaux at 1 to 2 km or more above sea<br />
level (a.s.l.) and deeply incised valleys has persisted since rifting and crustal separation, and<br />
that the absence <strong>of</strong> post-rift sediments is evidence <strong>of</strong> non-deposition.<br />
The high mountains in West Greenland, however, expose evidence <strong>of</strong> km-scale, post-rift<br />
subsidence, and recent studies showed that typical EPCM morphology <strong>with</strong> elevated plateaux<br />
formed c. 50 Myr after breakup through a process <strong>of</strong> uplift and dissection <strong>of</strong> a regional, post-rift<br />
erosion surface. Since the West Greenland margin shares all the morphological characteristics<br />
<strong>of</strong> EPCMs, the results from West Greenland lead us to question the common assumption that<br />
EPCMs have remained high since the onset <strong>of</strong> continental separation. We present published<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> post-rift burial followed by uplift and exhumation from a number <strong>of</strong> EPCMs and<br />
their adjacent basins to support the notion that EPCMs are not permanent highs and that their<br />
morphology is unrelated to rifting and continental breakup.<br />
We suggest that EPCMs represent anticlinal, lithospheric folds formed under compression<br />
where an abrupt change in crustal or lithospheric thickness occurs between cratons and rift<br />
basins. We propose that EPCMs are expressions <strong>of</strong> episodic, compression-induced uplift<br />
episodes; one episode <strong>of</strong> uplift results in erosion <strong>of</strong> the region to produce a low-relief surface<br />
near the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent, opening ocean, and a second (or more) episode(s) raises the<br />
plateau to its present elevation, after which the plateau is dissected by fluvial and possibly<br />
glacial erosion.<br />
In special cases, EPCMs and their hinterland may also be affected by mantle upwelling.<br />
Along the SE Greenland margin, the regional post-rift plateau extends to elevations higher than<br />
3 km a.s.l., and it is likely that these high elevations are related to the presence <strong>of</strong> the near-by<br />
Iceland plume.<br />
Reference: Japsen, P., Chalmers, J.A., Green, P.F., and Bonow, J.M., 2011, Elevated, passive<br />
continental margins: Not rift shoulders but expressions <strong>of</strong> episodic, post-rift burial and exhumation:<br />
Global and Planetary Change (in press).<br />
2-7 14:30 Flament, Nicolas E.<br />
EFFECT OF MANTLE CONVECTION ON THE TOTAL TECTONIC SUBSIDENCE OF<br />
SOUTH ATLANTIC MARGINS<br />
FLAMENT, Nicolas E. 1 , WILLIAMS, Simon E. 2 , HEINE, Christian3 , SETON, Maria4 ,<br />
GURNIS, Michael5 , and MÜLLER, R. Dietmar4 , (1) Earthbyte Group, School <strong>of</strong><br />
Geosciences, The University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Bdg F09, Rm 416, Eastern Avenue,<br />
Sydney, 2006, Australia, nicolas.flament@sydney.edu.au, (2) School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, 2015, Australia, (3) Sydney, 2006,<br />
Australia, (4) School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09, Sydney,<br />
2006, Australia, (5) Seismological Laboratory, California Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, 1200 E.<br />
California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 9125<br />
The effect <strong>of</strong> mantle convection on surface topography, called dynamic topography, has been<br />
the subject <strong>of</strong> considerable interest over the past few years. The South Atlantic is a key area to<br />
study this phenomenon because <strong>of</strong> contrasted mantle processes beneath South <strong>America</strong> and<br />
Africa. Indeed, South <strong>America</strong> has been drifting west over subducting oceanic lithosphere for<br />
the last ~ 130 Ma whereas Africa, usually considered fixed in global reconstructions, overlies a<br />
mantle superswell.
We developed a workflow to investigate the effect <strong>of</strong> mantle dynamics on deforming<br />
continents. This workflow consists in a) a global plate reconstruction that accounts for<br />
continental deformation deduced from published geological and geophysical data; b) imposing<br />
the kinematics <strong>of</strong> such reconstructions in global mantle convection models in which<br />
compositionally distinct crust and continental lithosphere are embedded <strong>with</strong>in the thermal<br />
lithosphere. For the South Atlantic, we developed a kinematic plate reconstruction that<br />
accounts for intraplate deformation in both Africa and South <strong>America</strong>, lithospheric stretching at<br />
passive margins, and mountain building along the convergent margin <strong>of</strong> South <strong>America</strong>. This<br />
allows us to investigate the surface expression <strong>of</strong> deep mantle processes in passive margins<br />
systems. In particular, the contribution <strong>of</strong> mantle flow and <strong>of</strong> lithospheric stretching can be<br />
individually quantified in the case <strong>of</strong> pure shear <strong>of</strong> the lithosphere. Our models are refined<br />
through comparison to published geological and geophysical data, which allows us to estimate<br />
the contribution <strong>of</strong> mantle dynamics to the observed asymmetry in total tectonic subsidence <strong>of</strong><br />
the South Atlantic margins.<br />
2-8 14:45 Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena<br />
THE THERMAL FIELD OF PASSIVE MARGINS AS DERIVED FROM 3D DATABASED,<br />
REGIONAL BASIN MODELS<br />
SCHECK-WENDEROTH, Magdalena, MAYSTRENKO, Yuriy, AUTIN, Julia, and<br />
SIPPEL, Judith, Section 4.4 Basin Analysis, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German<br />
Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg C4, Potsdam, 14473, Germany,<br />
leni@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
The geodynamics <strong>of</strong> passive margins results from the interaction <strong>of</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> processes<br />
acting on different spatial and temporal scales. To understand the present day structure and<br />
the mechanisms <strong>of</strong> subsidence we assess first-order heterogeneities in the sediments, crust<br />
and upper mantle. Thus we explore how far a good knowledge <strong>of</strong> the sedimentary and upper<br />
crustal configuration can provide constraints for the deeper parts <strong>of</strong> the system and how far<br />
the preserved record <strong>of</strong> deposits holds the key to unravel margin history. The present-day<br />
geometry and distribution <strong>of</strong> physical properties <strong>with</strong>in the sediment fill as well as the upper<br />
and middle crust is integrated into data-based, 3D structural models, which, in turn, provide<br />
the base for the analysis <strong>of</strong> the deeper crust and the lithospheric mantle. Once constructed<br />
these models provide the base for different process-oriented studies. For example, different<br />
configurations <strong>of</strong> the deeper lithosphere can be tested against two independent observables:<br />
gravity and temperature, using isostatic, 3D gravity and 3D thermal modelling. Examples from<br />
the North and South Atlantic Margins show, that the latter behave differently <strong>with</strong> respect to<br />
their structure, isostatic state and thermal field. Results from the Norwegian passive volcanic<br />
margin indicate that there the oceanic lithospheric mantle is less dense than the continental<br />
lithospheric mantle, that this is mainly due to thermal effects and that the transition between<br />
continental and oceanic lithosphere thickness is sharp. Furthermore, the thickness <strong>of</strong> the young<br />
oceanic lithosphere in the North Atlantic is smaller than predicted by plate cooling models but<br />
consistent <strong>with</strong> seismologically derived estimates. We also find that the oceanic Lithosphere<br />
Asthenosphere Boundary strongly influences the shallow thermal field <strong>of</strong> the margin. In<br />
contrast, this is not found for older oceanic lithosphere as first results from the South Atlantic<br />
passive margins suggest. There, the shallow thermal field is decisively influenced by the<br />
configuration <strong>of</strong> the radiogenic crystalline crust.<br />
2-9 15:00 Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena<br />
STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE COLORADO BASIN, ARGENTINE PASSIVE<br />
MARGIN<br />
AUTIN, Julia1 , SCHECK-WENDEROTH, Magdalena1 , LOEGERING, Markus J. 2 , ANKA,<br />
Zahie3 , VALLEJO, Eduardo4 , RODRIGUEZ, Jorge F. 4 , MARCHAL, Denis4 , DOMINGUEZ,<br />
Fabian4 , REICHERT, Christian5 , and DI PRIMIO, Rolando3 , (1) Section 4.4 Basin<br />
Analysis, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences,<br />
Telegrafenberg C4, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, leni@gfz-potsdam.de, (2) Section 4.3<br />
Organic Geochemistry, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for<br />
Geosciences, (now at: Fugro Robertson Ltd. Llandudno, LL30 1SA United Kingdom.),<br />
Potsdam, 14473, Germany, (3) Section 4.3. Organic Geochemistry, Helmholtz Centre<br />
Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam,<br />
14473, Germany, (4) Petrobras Energía S.A, Buenos Aires, Argentina, (5) Marine<br />
Resource Exploration (B1.1), BGR Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural<br />
Resources, Geozentrum Hannover, P.O. Box 51 01 53, Hannover, D-30631, Germany<br />
The Argentine margin presents a strong segmentation [e.g. Franke et al., 2007]. We focus<br />
on the volcanic segment (between the Salado and Colorado transfer zones), which is<br />
characterized by seaward dipping reflectors (SDR) all along the ocean-continent transition<br />
[e.g. Gladczenko et al., 1997]. The segment is structured by E-W trending basins, which differs<br />
from the South African margin basins and cannot be explained by classical models <strong>of</strong> rifting.<br />
Thus the study <strong>of</strong> the relationship between the basins and the Argentine margin itself will allow<br />
the understanding <strong>of</strong> their contemporary development. We firstly focus on the Colorado Basin,<br />
which is thought to be the conjugate <strong>of</strong> the well studied Orange Basin at the South African<br />
margin.<br />
This work presents results <strong>of</strong> a combined approach using seismic interpretation and<br />
structural, isostatic, gravimetric and thermal modelling highlighting the structure <strong>of</strong> the crust.<br />
The general basin direction is almost orthogonal to the present-day margin trend. The structural<br />
interpretation shows two main directions <strong>of</strong> faulting: margin-parallel faults (~N30°) and riftparallel<br />
faults (~N125°). A specific distribution <strong>of</strong> the two fault sets is observed: margin-parallel<br />
faults are restrained to the most distal part <strong>of</strong> the margin.<br />
We can recognise 5 main structural parts in the study area. (1) The western segment shows<br />
a NNW-SSE trend. (2) The central segment shows a NW-SE trend. (3) The eastern segment<br />
presents the thickest syn-rift depocentres (4700 m) <strong>with</strong> a NW-SE trend. (4) The distal step<br />
is bounded by major NE-SW faults and depocentres. (5) The oceanic crust is 6 km-thick and<br />
bounded by SDRs corresponding to the Continent-Ocean Boundary.<br />
Starting <strong>with</strong> a 3D structural model <strong>of</strong> the basin fill based on seismic and well data the<br />
deeper structure <strong>of</strong> the crust beneath the Colorado Basin can be evaluate using isostasy,<br />
gravity and thermal modelling. The evolution <strong>of</strong> the basin and the subsidence history are<br />
strongly linked to the emplacement <strong>of</strong> a lower crustal body at the base <strong>of</strong> the crust.<br />
Franke, D., Neben, S., Ladage, S., Schreckenberger, B. and Hinz, K., 2007. Margin<br />
segmentation and volcano-tectonic architecture along the volcanic margin <strong>of</strong>f Argentina/<br />
Uruguay, South Atlantic. Marine Geology, 244(1-4): 46-67.<br />
Gladczenko, T. P., et al. (1997), South Atlantic volcanic margins Journal <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Geological</strong><br />
<strong>Society</strong>, London 154, 465-470.<br />
2-10 15:15 Behrmann, Jan H.<br />
TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF WALVIS RIDGE, OFFSHORE NAMIBIA: EVIDENCE FROM<br />
REFLECTION SEISMIC AND HIGH-RESOLUTION BATHYMETRIC DATA<br />
BEHRMANN, Jan H. 1 , PLANERT, Lars1 , and JOKAT, Wilfried2 , (1) Marine Geodynamics,<br />
IFM-GEOMAR, Wischh<strong>of</strong>str. 1-3, Kiel, 24148, Germany, jbehrmann@ifm-geomar.de,<br />
(2) Alfred-Wegener-Institut, P.O. Box 120161, Bremerhaven, 27515, Germany<br />
Expeditions 17/1 and 17/2 <strong>of</strong> R/V Maria S. Merian, carried out geophysical surveys between<br />
November 2010 and February 2011 in the area around Walvis Ridge, Southeast Atlantic<br />
Ocean. Among the data collected, reflection seismic and high-resolution bathymetric data <strong>of</strong>fer<br />
SESSION NO. 2<br />
some important preliminary insights into the tectonic evolution <strong>of</strong> the ridge and the adjoining<br />
lower continental slopes and ocean basins.<br />
The NE-SW trending Walvis Ridge has a trapezoid shape and is likely built up by thick<br />
sequences <strong>of</strong> plateau basalts, <strong>with</strong> top <strong>of</strong> basement inclined to the south. Sediments are almost<br />
absent on the NW side <strong>of</strong> the ridge, preserving a fascinating mountainscape formed early in<br />
the tectonic history. Sediment cover grows southward to thicknesses up to 2 s TWT, above<br />
a basement characterized by dipping reflector sequences inclined NW. There is progressive<br />
northward onlap <strong>of</strong> sedimentary strata, indicating that in the earlier part <strong>of</strong> its history parts<br />
<strong>of</strong> Walvis Ridge may have formed a land surface. This is further supported by denudational<br />
features, like steep cliffs up to 150 m high, and deeply incised valleys, defining paleo-drainages.<br />
Isolated, flat-topped guyots seaward <strong>of</strong> the ocean-continent boundary attest to a later history <strong>of</strong><br />
wave abrasion and progressive subsidence <strong>of</strong> Walvis Ridge.<br />
The boundary zone towards the Angola Basin to the north is an important extensional<br />
or transtensional tectonic feature, conincident <strong>with</strong> the Florianopolis Fracture Zone on the<br />
Brazilian side <strong>of</strong> the Atlantic. The fault zone has recorded two important episodes <strong>of</strong> vertical<br />
differential movement, documented by thick half-graben fills and clastic sediment aprons on<br />
the Angola Basin crust. The early one is likely connected to continental break-up. The later<br />
one probably occurred in the Middle Tertiary, also affecting the SE side <strong>of</strong> Walvis Ridge. We<br />
conclude by stating that the record <strong>of</strong> sedimentary and geomorphologic processes around<br />
Walvis Ridge can contribute important information to decipher the tectonic history <strong>of</strong> the<br />
southeast Atlantic.<br />
2-11 15:50 Rowley, David B.<br />
MANTLE DYNAMIC IMPACT ON PASSIVE MARGIN EVOLUTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR<br />
THEIR ARCHITECTURE AND DERIVED SEA LEVEL HISTORIES<br />
ROWLEY, David B. 1 , FORTE, Alessandro M. 2 , MOUCHA, Robert2 , MITROVICA, Jerry X. 3 ,<br />
SIMMONS, Nathan A. 4 , and GRANT, Stephen P. 5 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong> the Geophysical<br />
Sciences, The University <strong>of</strong> Chicago, 5734 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, rowley@<br />
geosci.uchicago.edu, (2) Geotop, Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des<br />
Sciences de la Terre et de l’Atmosphère, CP 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal,<br />
QC H3C3P9, Canada, (3) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard<br />
University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, (4) Atmospheric, Earth, and<br />
Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550-9234,<br />
(5) Jackson School <strong>of</strong> Geol. Sci, University <strong>of</strong> Texas, Austin, 78712<br />
The eastern U.S. coastal plain is characterized by Cenozoic strandlines and adjacent shallow<br />
marine shelf sequences that define a series <strong>of</strong> warped surfaces that vary in altitude along<br />
the length <strong>of</strong> the coastal plain by as much as 100+ m. We model Pliocene and younger<br />
depositional sequences as these are very well preserved and uncertainties in calculations<br />
<strong>of</strong> various potential contributors to their current elevations are small. The late Early Pliocene<br />
depositional history <strong>of</strong> coastal plain is characterized by flooding events <strong>with</strong>in the Yorktown Fm<br />
in Virginia and northern North Carolina, and correlative Duplin, Charlton, Reysor sequences<br />
in southern North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia and unnamed and Cypresshead<br />
units in Florida. These units are bounded to their west by the Orangeburg scarp from Georgia<br />
to southern North Carolina, and the correlative Chippenham and Thornburg scarps farther<br />
north. The Orangeburg scarp represents a wave cut step in the topography, the age <strong>of</strong> which<br />
is determined by the presence <strong>of</strong> marine late Early Pliocene (~3.25 Ma) sediments at its base.<br />
The base <strong>of</strong> these Pliocene marine sediments and adjacent scarp define an undulating surface<br />
that varies by more than 60 m in elevation from Georgia to Virginia. At the time <strong>of</strong> deposition the<br />
Orangeburg scarp was a horizontal feature that has subsequently been significantly distorted.<br />
Both younger and older sequences and associated scarps are warped to varying degrees<br />
along the coastal plain. Remaining glacial isostatic adjustment might be responsible for up to<br />
15 m <strong>of</strong> shoreline uplift, but <strong>with</strong> virtually no variation along strike. The 3D flexural response to<br />
<strong>of</strong>f-shore sediment loading is between +10 and -10 m <strong>of</strong> elevation change. Dynamic topography<br />
is the largest contributor to current elevation variations <strong>of</strong> these paleo-shorelines <strong>with</strong> a total<br />
amplitude >60 m since 3 Ma centered on the Norfolk Arch. Retrodicted paleogeographies that<br />
account for all these perturbations accord well <strong>with</strong> independently drawn paleogeographic<br />
reconstructions, a quite rigorous test <strong>of</strong> our calculations. Dynamic topography appears to have<br />
played a significant role in the evolution <strong>of</strong> the coastal plain that is unaccounted for by any<br />
model <strong>of</strong> passive margin evolution and may significantly contaminate signals related to sea<br />
level variations from these and other settings.<br />
2-12 16:20 Gurnis, Michael<br />
SEA LEVEL AND VERTICAL MOTION OF CONTINENTS SINCE THE LATE CRETACEOUS<br />
FROM DYNAMIC EARTH MODELS<br />
SPASOJEVIC, Sonja and GURNIS, Michael, Seismological Laboratory, California Institute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, gurnis@gps.caltech.edu<br />
We present results <strong>of</strong> global dynamic earth models (DEMs), which combine inverse and<br />
forward models <strong>of</strong> mantle convection. Seismic tomography is used to define initial conditions for<br />
the inverse models. DEMs assimilate plate tectonic reconstructions since the Late Cretaceous,<br />
and account for the influence <strong>of</strong> the geoid and the evolving sea floor paleogeography selfconsistently.<br />
We use an integrated plate reconstruction-mantle convection framework that<br />
enables linkage between dynamic topography calculated in mantle reference frame and<br />
geologic observations obtained in a plate frame <strong>of</strong> reference, which is essential for sea-level<br />
studies. As DEMs account for the most important factors controlling long-term sea-level change<br />
self-consistently, we present implications for the influence <strong>of</strong> the mantle and regional and global<br />
sea-level change and vertical motion <strong>of</strong> continents.<br />
We find that neither dynamic topography nor paleobathymetry (related to evolving age<br />
<strong>of</strong> the sea floor, emplacement <strong>of</strong> large igneous provinces and sedimentation) are dominant<br />
factors controlling the global patterns <strong>of</strong> marine sedimentation on continents since the Late<br />
Cretaceous. Dynamic topography appears to be important in controlling the flooding patterns<br />
in North <strong>America</strong> and Australia since the Late Cretaceous, Sundaland since the Oligocene,<br />
and Arabia during Cenozoic. Sea-level variations due to changing paleobathymetry play more<br />
important roles in controlling flooding in Eurasia and northern India. Mantle dynamics also<br />
contributes to Cenozoic long-wavelength tilting <strong>of</strong> Australia and Siberia. DEMs suggest that<br />
dominant factor controlling global sea level since the Late Cretaceous is changing age <strong>of</strong> sea<br />
floor, resulting in a large amplitude sea-level fall since the Late Cretaceous, <strong>with</strong> dynamic<br />
topography <strong>of</strong>fsetting this fall.<br />
2-13 16:35 Nerlich, Rainer<br />
THE SCOTIA SEA GATEWAY: NO OUTLET FOR PACIFIC MANTLE<br />
NERLICH, Rainer, Department <strong>of</strong> Computational Geoscience, Simula Research<br />
Laboratory, Martin Linges Vei 17, Oslo, Norway, rainer@simula.no, CLARK, Stuart, Simula<br />
Research Laboratory, Fornebu, 1364, Norway, and BUNGE, Hans-Peter, Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Munich (LMU), Theresienstrasse 41,<br />
Munich, 80333, Germany<br />
The Scotia Sea in the South Atlantic holds a prominent position in geodynamics – it has<br />
been proposed as a potential mantle outlet from under the shrinking Pacific. This hypothesis<br />
has been previously tested by geochemically sampling <strong>of</strong> dredged rocks upon their mantle<br />
domain origin and shear-wave splitting studies. Here, we follow a different and new approach<br />
by calculating the present-day dynamic topography <strong>of</strong> the region in search for a systematic<br />
Munich, Germany A3<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 2<br />
gradual decrease in dynamic topography from west to east. In our view, suchlike systematic<br />
variation would clearly indicate present-day mantle flow. To do so, we reconstructed the<br />
kinematic history <strong>of</strong> the Scotia Sea, first, which is characterized by complex back-arc spreading<br />
processes active on various time scales. Based on this reconstruction model, we derived an<br />
age-grid and calculated the residual (dynamic) topography <strong>of</strong> Scotia. Our results do not indicate<br />
a systematic variation, inferring no present-day mantle flow through Scotia. This result is<br />
consistent <strong>with</strong> the above mentioned previous studies.<br />
2-14 16:50 Brune, Sascha<br />
CONTINENTAL BREAK-UP ON REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE: INSIGHTS FROM 3D<br />
NUMERICAL MODELING<br />
BRUNE, Sascha, Section 2.5 Geodynamic Modeling Group, GFZ-Potsdam,<br />
Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, brune@gfz-potsdam.de, POPOV, Anton,<br />
Geodynamic modeling, GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg E326, Potsdam,<br />
D-14473, Germany, and SOBOLEV, Stephan, GFZ Potsdam, Telegrafenberg,<br />
Potsdam, 14473<br />
Rifting and the break-up <strong>of</strong> continents are first order features <strong>of</strong> plate tectonics. We use three<br />
dimensional thermo-mechanical simulations to evaluate the necessary tectonic forces to induce<br />
break-up. Our finite element model SLIM3D includes a free surface and allows for treatment <strong>of</strong><br />
realistic elasto-visco-plastic rheology. We present the results <strong>of</strong> two distinct models that have<br />
been conducted on regional and global scale:<br />
On regional scale, we investigate oblique continental rifting which has been involved at<br />
several locations during continental break-up between South <strong>America</strong> and Africa, as well<br />
as North <strong>America</strong> and Europe. We evaluate the force that is required to maintain prescribed<br />
extensional boundary velocities in dependence on the angle <strong>of</strong> obliquity. We find that obliquity<br />
reduces the force that is required to initiate break-up.<br />
Presently, we extend our modeling technique to global scale simulations <strong>of</strong> lithosphere<br />
deformation and plate motion. We implement a spherical version <strong>of</strong> SLIM3D to model a 300 km<br />
thick upper layer <strong>of</strong> the Earth <strong>with</strong> a non-linear temperature- and stress-dependent visco-elastic<br />
rheology combined <strong>with</strong> Mohr-Coulomb frictional plasticity. The mantle below 300 km depth<br />
is modeled using the mantle convection model TERRA which solves for the momentum and<br />
energy balance <strong>of</strong> convection at infinite Prandtl number. The upper layer and mantle modeling<br />
domains are coupled by continuity <strong>of</strong> tractions and velocities across the 300 km boundary. We<br />
present our first results on directions and magnitudes <strong>of</strong> extensional forces at the rift zones,<br />
taking into account the lithospheric structure <strong>of</strong> Gondwana as well as the accurate paleopositions<br />
<strong>of</strong> subduction zones around the supercontinent.<br />
2-15 17:05 Kohlmann, Fabian<br />
CONSTRAINING THE EXHUMATION HISTORY OF THE NORWEGIAN PASSIVE MARGIN<br />
THROUGH LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMOCHRONOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE<br />
SOGNEFJORD-HARDANGERFJORD REGIONS, SW-NORWAY<br />
KOHLMANN, Fabian, KSIENZYK, Anna Katharina, JACOBS, Joachim, and FOSSEN,<br />
Haakon, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Science, University <strong>of</strong> Bergen, Allegaten 41, Bergen, 5007,<br />
Norway, fabian.kohlmann@geo.uib.no<br />
The Sognefjord is one <strong>of</strong> the world’s deepest fjord <strong>with</strong> very steep and high cliffs, and<br />
therefore an ideal target for low-temperature thermochronological studies. Previous data are<br />
scarce, and we are therefore carrying out a low-temperature thermochronological studies<br />
along vertical sample transects to reconstruct its thermal history. To the south another major<br />
fjord, the Hardengerfjord, represents similar opportunities. In contrast to the Sognefjord, the<br />
Hardangerfjord area is dominated by a major tectonic structure, the Hardangerfjord Shear<br />
Zone (HSZ), which is a crustal-scale structure that formed during Devonian extension shortly<br />
following the Caledonian orogeny. The HSZ might be part <strong>of</strong> an even larger zone <strong>of</strong> crustal<br />
deformation stretching across the North Sea into the Highland Boundary Fault in Scotland.<br />
The Hardangerfjord itself follows the trend <strong>of</strong> the Devonian shear zone and acted as one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
largest sediment pathways in the area. The amount <strong>of</strong> inland erosion and the corresponding<br />
depositional patterns are strongly affected by onshore uplift tectonics.<br />
This project aims to constrain the amount and timing <strong>of</strong> post-Caledonian uplift along this<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the margin by a combination <strong>of</strong> fission track, (U-Th)/He and K/Ar dating. In particular,<br />
the apparent absence <strong>of</strong> Mesozoic brittle reactivation <strong>of</strong> the HSZ is targeted by sampling <strong>of</strong><br />
detailed pr<strong>of</strong>iles parallel and across the HSZ. Furthermore, vertical pr<strong>of</strong>iles on steep flanks<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Hardangerfjord and especially <strong>of</strong> the Sognefjord are analysed in order to obtain more<br />
precise uplift and erosion rates. Combining detailed thermochronological studies <strong>of</strong> these<br />
two major, geomorphic features provides us <strong>with</strong> new insights into the evolution <strong>of</strong> the<br />
northern North Sea rift margin and the Norwegian passive continental margin. This study will<br />
further improve our understanding <strong>of</strong> onshore tectonic processes and their effect on <strong>of</strong>fshore<br />
sedimentation cycles in the North Sea. In addition, it will add to the ongoing dispute about<br />
the geomorphic evolution <strong>of</strong> the present-day high topography <strong>of</strong> western Norway: the classic<br />
Neogene domal uplift model versus the Isostasy-Climate-Erosion (ICE) hypothesis.<br />
SESSION NO. 3, 11:00<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T5B. Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk<br />
Mitigation I (Munich Reinsurance Company)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 014<br />
3-1 11:05 Smolka, Anselm<br />
RISK MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL PERILS: THE VIEW OF A REINSURER<br />
SMOLKA, Anselm, Corporate Underwriting / GeoRisks, Munich Reinsurance Company,<br />
Munich 80802 Germany, asmolka@munichre.com<br />
Natural Catastrophes like the Managua earthquake in Nicaragua 1972 and Cyclone Tracy<br />
which destroyed the city <strong>of</strong> Darwin in Northern Australia in 1974 came as a surprise to the<br />
global reinsurance market. Nobody had expected that this global market would be hit by<br />
such events which affected only relatively small cities located far away from the big urban<br />
and industrial centres in highly developed nations. In consequence, geoscientific units were<br />
established to an increasing degree in the global insurance sector, first by reinsurers and later<br />
on by globally operating primary insurers and re/insurance brokers in order to improve the<br />
techniques <strong>of</strong> risk assessment for natural perils.<br />
Loss statistics for natural disasters demonstrate, also after correction for inflation, a dramatic<br />
increase in the loss burden since 1950 which was well confirmed by recent disasters like<br />
the earthquakes in Haiti, Chile and New Zealand in 2010, the Australian floods 2010/2011,<br />
and again earthquakes in New Zealand and in Japan 2011. This increase is driven by a<br />
concentration <strong>of</strong> population and values in urban areas, the development <strong>of</strong> highly exposed<br />
coastal and valley regions, the complexity <strong>of</strong> modern societies and technologies and probably<br />
also by the emerging consequences <strong>of</strong> global warming. This process will continue unless<br />
A4 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
remedial action is taken. Therefore a holistic risk management is needed which starts <strong>with</strong><br />
hazard identification and moves on to hazard and risk evaluation. Risk evaluation forms the<br />
basis for controlling and financing future losses. Natural disaster insurance plays a key role in<br />
this context, but also private parties and governments have to share a part <strong>of</strong> the risk. A main<br />
responsibility <strong>of</strong> governments is to formulate regulations for building construction and land use.<br />
The insurance sector and the state have to act together in order to create incentives for building<br />
and business owners to take loss prevention measures.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> risk assessment the recent earthquake disasters in the Christchurch/New<br />
Zealand and Tohoku/Japan regions have proven that the past is not a good guide to the future,<br />
and the same is true for the “risk <strong>of</strong> change” produced by a changing climate. The Global<br />
Earthquake Model (GEM) project initiated by the OECD will be addressed in some detail in<br />
this talk as an example to improve risk assessment and risk reduction on a global scale.<br />
3-2 11:35 Zschau, Jochen<br />
MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF EARTHQUAKE RISK DYNAMICS AND - GLOBALISATION<br />
ZSCHAU, Jochen, Potsdam 14467 Germany, zschau@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
Earthquake risk, like natural risks in general, has become a highly dynamic and globally<br />
interdependent phenomenon. Due to the “urban explosion” in the Third World, an increasingly<br />
complex cross linking <strong>of</strong> critical infrastructure and lifelines in the industrial nations and a<br />
growing globalisation <strong>of</strong> the world’s economies, we are presently facing a dramatic increase <strong>of</strong><br />
our society’s vulnerability to earthquakes in practically all seismic regions on our globe.<br />
Such fast and global changes cannot be captured <strong>with</strong> conventional earthquake risk models<br />
anymore. The sciences in this field are, therefore, asked to come up <strong>with</strong> new solutions that<br />
are no longer exclusively aiming at the best possible quantification <strong>of</strong> the present risks but also<br />
keep an eye on their changes <strong>with</strong> time and allow to project these into the future. This does not<br />
apply to the vulnerability component <strong>of</strong> earthquake risk alone, but also to its hazard component<br />
which has been realized to be time-dependent, too.<br />
The challenges <strong>of</strong> earthquake risk dynamics and –globalisation have recently been accepted<br />
by the Global Science Forum <strong>of</strong> the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<br />
(OECD – GSF) who initiated the “Global Earthquake Model (GEM)”, a public-private<br />
partnership for establishing an independent standard to calculate, monitor and communicate<br />
earthquake risk globally, raise awareness and promote mitigation.<br />
3-3 12:05 Woessner, Jochen<br />
HARMONIZING PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN EUROPE: A<br />
MOMENT BALANCED APPROACH<br />
WOESSNER, Jochen1 , WIEMER, Stefan1 , and GIARDINI, Domenico2 , (1) Swiss<br />
Seismological Service, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland,<br />
j.woessner@sed.ethz.ch, (2) Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETHZ), Zurich,<br />
8093, Switzerland<br />
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) is one <strong>of</strong> the most useful products seismology<br />
<strong>of</strong>fers to society. PSHA characterizes the best available knowledge on the seismic hazard <strong>of</strong><br />
a study area, ideally taking into account all sources <strong>of</strong> uncertainty. Results form the baseline<br />
for informed decision-making, such as building codes or insurance rates and provide essential<br />
input to each risk assessment application.<br />
Several large scale projects have recently been launched aiming to harmonize PSHA<br />
standards around the globe. SHARE (www.share-eu.org) is the EC-FP7 funded project to<br />
create community-based hazard model for the Euro-Mediterranean region. SHARE is a<br />
regional component <strong>of</strong> the Global Earthquake Model (GEM, www.globalquakemodel.org), a<br />
public/private partnership initiated and approved by the Global Science Forum <strong>of</strong> the OECD-<br />
GSF. In addition, large site-specific PSHA programs such as PEGASOS (CH) are ongoing and<br />
more are likely to be initiated as a consequence <strong>of</strong> the recent catastrophic M9 Tohoku event.<br />
SHARE will deliver measurable progress in all steps leading to a harmonized assessment <strong>of</strong><br />
seismic hazard - in the definition <strong>of</strong> engineering requirements, in the collection <strong>of</strong> input data, in<br />
procedures for hazard assessment, and in engineering applications. SHARE scientists create<br />
a framework and computational infrastructure for an integrated European PSHA model and<br />
specific risk scenario modeling tools. The results are envisioned to deliver long-lasting structural<br />
impact in areas <strong>of</strong> societal and economic relevance and will serve as reference for the Eurocode<br />
8 (EC8) application, and will provide homogeneous input for the correct seismic safety<br />
assessment for critical industry, such as the energy infrastructures and the re-insurance sector.<br />
Harmonizing hazard is pursued on the hazard input data level and the model building<br />
procedure across the entire extent <strong>of</strong> possible tectonic features across the European-<br />
Mediterranean territory. The effort requires transparent and reproducible strategies to estimate<br />
parameters such as the activity rates and maximum magnitudes. In this contribution we<br />
outline approaches <strong>of</strong> the SHARE model and how these are anchored to specific studies. The<br />
contribution will feature first preliminary results from the SHARE project.<br />
3-4 12:25 Stein, Seth<br />
BAD MAPS OR BAD LUCK: WHY EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAPS OFTEN FAIL AND WHAT<br />
TO DO ABOUT IT<br />
STEIN, Seth, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, 1850 Campus Drive,<br />
Evanston, IL 60208-2150, seth@earth.northwestern.edu<br />
Earthquake hazard maps are used worldwide to predict future damage and plan mitigation<br />
strategies. However, in recent years, highly destructive earthquakes (2008 Wenchuan, China,<br />
M7.9; 2010 Haiti, M 7.0; 2011 Tohoku, Japan, M9.1) have occurred in areas mapped as having<br />
lower hazard than nearby areas. The question is whether these reflect the limitations <strong>of</strong> the<br />
mapping methods or rare events that should not be used to judge the maps as unsuccessful.<br />
Because <strong>of</strong> the limited seismic record available and limited understanding <strong>of</strong> earthquake<br />
mechanics, these maps depend dramatically on difficult to assess parameters and hence on<br />
the mapmakers’ preconceptions, resulting in large uncertainties. For example, the M9.1 March<br />
2010 earthquake along the Tohoku coast <strong>of</strong> northeast Japan generated a much larger tsunami<br />
than considered in the hazard planning. This view arose because <strong>of</strong> the absence <strong>of</strong> such large<br />
earthquakes in the seismological record there, which was consistent <strong>with</strong> a model based on<br />
the convergence rate and age <strong>of</strong> the subducting lithosphere, which predicted at most a low<br />
M 8 earthquake. Although this model was invalidated by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and<br />
tsunami, the revised ideas were too recent to be incorporated in hazard mitigation.<br />
Such failures indicate the need to objectively test how well hazard maps work by comparing<br />
their predictions and those <strong>of</strong> null hypotheses based on random regional seismicity to<br />
earthquakes that actually occurred after they were published, and use test results to assess<br />
maps’ uncertainties and improve them. Such testing is common and useful in other fields.<br />
Weather forecasts, which are conceptually similar to earthquake hazard mapping, are routinely<br />
evaluated to assess how well their predictions matched what actually occurred. Forecasts are<br />
also tested to see if they do better than using the average <strong>of</strong> that date in previous years, or by<br />
assuming that today’s weather will be the same as yesterday’s. Over the years, this process<br />
has produced measurable improvements in forecasting methods and results, and yielded much<br />
better assessment <strong>of</strong> uncertainties. Another analogy is the trend to evidence-based medicine,<br />
which assesses how well commonly used treatments work, <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>with</strong> surprising results.
3-5 14:00 Furlong, Kevin P.<br />
THE CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE: LESSONS FROM A YEAR<br />
OF EARTHQUAKES<br />
FURLONG, Kevin P., Geosciences, Penn State Univ, 542 Deike Building, University Park,<br />
PA 16802, kevin@geodyn.psu.edu<br />
In the year since the September 2010 earthquake in Canterbury, the lives <strong>of</strong> New Zealanders<br />
have been changed forever. The main sequence <strong>of</strong> earthquakes led after almost 6 months to<br />
the deadly and damaging Christchurch Earthquake <strong>of</strong> February 22, 2011 (23:51, 21/02/11<br />
UTC); a critically important event, but only one part <strong>of</strong> the Canterbury earthquake sequence<br />
started by the Mw 7.1 Darfield Earthquake in September <strong>of</strong> 2010. These earthquakes<br />
have occurred on previously unrecognized fault(s) and significantly distant from the main<br />
components <strong>of</strong> the plate boundary system through South Island, New Zealand. The initial<br />
rupture pattern <strong>of</strong> the September event and subsequent aftershocks have delineated a<br />
linear (nearly east-west in orientation) trend <strong>of</strong> seismicity extending from the foothills <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Southern Alps to the Pacific coast to the east <strong>of</strong> the city <strong>of</strong> Christchurch. Understanding the<br />
relationships among the various fault segments, the regional geologic structure, and crustal<br />
stresses associated <strong>with</strong> regional plate interactions (further modified by the earthquakes) is key<br />
to placing these events into a context allowing their lessons to be applied elsewhere. Here we<br />
focus on the seismo-tectonics <strong>of</strong> the sequence in the year following the initial event to address<br />
the following: 1) How does the February 22 event’s fault relate to the September 3 fault system<br />
both physically and through stress conditions; 2) Where do the other larger aftershocks fit into<br />
the overall sequence; 3) Are there gaps in moment release between main rupture segments<br />
and what role have aftershocks played in modifying any gaps; 4) Are there other faults capable<br />
<strong>of</strong> hosting moderate but damaging earthquakes in the region and have the year <strong>of</strong> aftershocks<br />
identified these faults; and 5) Can we say anything about the potential for future events such as<br />
the February 22 earthquake; both nearby to Christchurch and regionally? This last point is the<br />
fundamental question that Christchurch residents would like answered and is diagnostic <strong>of</strong> the<br />
issues that mark the global significance <strong>of</strong> this and similar events.<br />
3-6 14:20 Rubin, Jeffrey N.<br />
HAZARD COMMUNICATION REQUIRES KNOWING “WHO” AS WELL AS “HOW”<br />
RUBIN, Jeffrey N., Tualatin Valley Fire & Rescue, 20665 SW Blanton St, Aloha, OR 97007,<br />
jeff.rubin@tvfr.com<br />
Geoscientists have an essential role in communicating natural hazard risk to the public, in<br />
order to generate timely, effective action. As <strong>with</strong> the internet use over the past ~ 15 years,<br />
excessive focus on the medium may be at the cost <strong>of</strong> the message itself and who receives it.<br />
Informing the public requires replacing largely tacit assumptions <strong>with</strong> active questions. Who is<br />
“the public” and what communities do we need to engage? Who are the best spokespeople<br />
to address those communities and what are the most appropriate media? Are we speaking<br />
to entire communities or to a subset (e.g., decision-makers)? What hazard are we trying<br />
to address and what is the desired outcome? With what daily priorities are we competing?<br />
Increasing knowledge and/or awareness (e.g., a specific telephone number), promoting an<br />
emergency action (e.g., immediate protective measures in an earthquake), and promoting preincident<br />
action (e.g., seismic mitigation) require different approaches and expertise. Audience<br />
classification is complex but may include age, sex, location, economic status, language(s),<br />
and hazard-specific vulnerabilities. Individuals tend to personalize risk, and actual hazard<br />
perception (and thus willingness to act) may diverge from expert assessment. Knowledge<br />
transfer may be an important outcome, but knowledge <strong>with</strong>out direction toward action may<br />
result in a smarter – but not safer – public.<br />
3-7 14:40 Okal, Emile<br />
ELEVEN TSUNAMIS FROM SUMATRA TO TOHOKU: HAVE WE BECOME WISER?<br />
OKAL, Emile, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth & Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University,<br />
Evanston, IL 60208, emile@earth.northwestern.edu<br />
The 2004 Sumatra earthquake was the biggest earthquake in at least 40 years, and its tsunami<br />
probably the deadliest in the history <strong>of</strong> mankind. Six years later, we examine its impact on our<br />
knowledge <strong>of</strong> Earth dynamics, on our approach to tsunami mitigation and warning and we<br />
review critically the performance and efficiency <strong>of</strong> warnings during the smaller tsunamis which<br />
have occurred since 2005. While awareness <strong>of</strong> tsunami hazard has undoubtedly been raised<br />
worldwide, and substantial funding appropriated, the development <strong>of</strong> tsunami centers and the<br />
improvement <strong>of</strong> warning algorithms remains occasionally chaotic, despite significant analytical<br />
progress, such as the generalization <strong>of</strong> W-phase inversions.<br />
We review eleven post-Sumatra tsunamis (from Nias, 2005 to Tohoku, 2011) and assign<br />
them a color-coded wisdom index, on a scale from red (bad) to gold (excellent), depending<br />
on an [admittedly subjective] evaluation <strong>of</strong> the performance <strong>of</strong> the warning centers and <strong>of</strong> the<br />
response <strong>of</strong> the populations involved. The results are mixed, <strong>with</strong> a generally positive attitude <strong>of</strong><br />
coastal inhabitants possessing the reflex <strong>of</strong> self-evacuation, but a frequent failure <strong>of</strong> centralized<br />
warning centers and government agencies, which in particular, have repeatedly failed to<br />
mitigate against, and recognize in real time, the so-called “tsunami earthquakes” characterized<br />
by slow rupture and enhanced tsunami generation.<br />
3-8 15:30 Lauterjung, Joern<br />
TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING FOR THE INDIAN OCEAN - LESSONS LEARNED<br />
LAUTERJUNG, Joern, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg,<br />
Haus A40, Potsdam 14473 Germany, lau@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
Indonesia is located along the most prominent active continental margin in the Indian Ocean,<br />
the so-called Sunda Arc and, therefore, is one <strong>of</strong> the most threatened regions <strong>of</strong> the world in<br />
terms <strong>of</strong> natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis. On 26 December<br />
2004 the third largest earthquake ever instrumentally recorded (magnitude 9.3) occurred<br />
<strong>of</strong>f-shore northern Sumatra and triggered a mega-tsunami affecting the whole Indian Ocean.<br />
Almost a quarter <strong>of</strong> a million people were killed, as the region was not prepared either in terms<br />
<strong>of</strong> early-warning or in terms <strong>of</strong> disaster response.<br />
In order to be able to provide, in future, a fast and reliable warning procedure for the<br />
population, Germany, immediately after the catastrophe, <strong>of</strong>fered during the UN World<br />
Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Hyogo/Japan in January 2005 technical support<br />
for the development and installation <strong>of</strong> a tsunami early warning system for the Indian Ocean<br />
in addition to assistance in capacity development in particular for local communities. This<br />
<strong>of</strong>fer was accepted by Indonesia but also by other countries like Sri Lanka, the Maldives and<br />
some East-African countries. Anyhow the main focus <strong>of</strong> the activities has been carried out<br />
in Indonesia as the main source <strong>of</strong> tsunami threat for the entire Indian Ocean. Challenging<br />
for the technical concept <strong>of</strong> this warning system are the extremely short warning times<br />
for Indonesia, due to its vicinity to the Sunda Arc. For this reason the German Indonesian<br />
Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) integrates different modern and new scientific<br />
monitoring technologies, analysis methods and modelling approaches for tsunami propagation,<br />
inundation and risk assessment. Core <strong>of</strong> the system is a state <strong>of</strong> the art decision support<br />
system. Furthermore respective strategies and tools for disaster mitigation, preparedness and<br />
evacuation for local communities have been implemented.<br />
SESSION NO. 4<br />
3-9 15:50 Blewitt, Ge<strong>of</strong>frey<br />
A PROTOTYPE SYSTEM FOR TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING BASED ON REAL-TIME GPS<br />
BLEWITT, Ge<strong>of</strong>frey1 , BAR-SEVER, Yoaz2 , GROSS, Richard2 , HAMMOND,<br />
William Charles1 , HUDNUT, Kenneth W. 3 , KHACHIKYAN, Robert2 , PLAG, Hans-Peter1 ,<br />
SONG, Y. Tony 2 , WEBB, Frank H. 2 , and SIMONS, Mark4 , (1) Nevada Bureau <strong>of</strong> Mines and<br />
Geology and Nevada Seismological Laboratory, University <strong>of</strong> Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV<br />
89557, gblewitt@unr.edu, (2) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology,<br />
Pasadena, CA 91109, (3) U. S. <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, 525 S. Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA<br />
91106, (4) Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> and Planetary Sciences, California Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125<br />
Reliable tsunami early warning requires a rapid assessment <strong>of</strong> the tsunamigenic potential <strong>of</strong> an<br />
earthquake as well as a prediction <strong>of</strong> the likely propagation pattern <strong>of</strong> the tsunami. Low-latency<br />
availability <strong>of</strong> the coseismic Earth’s surface displacements can support the assessment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
tsunamigenic potential <strong>of</strong> an earthquake and improve predictions <strong>of</strong> the propagation pattern <strong>of</strong><br />
the tsunami.<br />
Here we present the GREAT Alert, which is a NASA-sponsored, real-time prototype<br />
system designed to enhance tsunami warning capability. The system takes advantage <strong>of</strong> the<br />
increasingly available global and regional real-time GPS data, as well as advanced fault and<br />
ocean dynamics models to enable more accurate and timely assessment <strong>of</strong> the magnitude and<br />
mechanism <strong>of</strong> large earthquakes, and the magnitude and direction <strong>of</strong> resulting tsunamis. We<br />
will describe the prototype operational system being developed in a multi-agency collaboration.<br />
The key system components are:<br />
(1) the operational real-time estimation <strong>of</strong> site coordinates from hundreds <strong>of</strong> GPS sites using<br />
a precise point positioning algorithm;<br />
(2) the application <strong>of</strong> data filtering and quality control techniques to the real-time site position<br />
time series in order to enhance the accurate retrieval <strong>of</strong> co-seismic site motions;<br />
(3) usage <strong>of</strong> either an empirical inversion model or a “fingerprint” model, which maps slip<br />
on a fault segment to surface displacement, for the rapid determination <strong>of</strong> the earthquake<br />
displacement field from the GPS-based records at each station;<br />
(4) the input <strong>of</strong> detected and modeled seafloor displacements into a special ocean dynamics<br />
model to determine tsunami source energy and scales, and estimate the tsunami propagation;<br />
(5) the dissemination <strong>of</strong> the results to the responsible agencies to help in their decision<br />
making processes.<br />
We will discuss the actual and predicted performance <strong>of</strong> the system, particularly in light <strong>of</strong><br />
recent great earthquakes around the globe, and in view <strong>of</strong> the rapid development <strong>of</strong> real time<br />
GPS stations being used to monitor the Cascadia subduction zone near the Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> the<br />
United States.<br />
3-10 16:10 Miller, Meghan<br />
GEODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE LITHOSPHERE, CRYOSPHERE,<br />
ATMOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE, AS REVEALED BY MODERN SPACE GEODESY<br />
MILLER, Meghan, UNAVCO, 6350 Nautilus Drive, Boulder, CO 80301, meghan@<br />
unavco.org<br />
Transformational scientific discoveries stem from the recent growth <strong>of</strong> integrated geophysical<br />
observatories and networks that are operated by facilities on behalf <strong>of</strong> US university consortia.<br />
UNAVCO is one such consortium, facilitating geoscience research and education using<br />
geodesy. The technology revolution yields increasingly sophisticated and precise geodetic<br />
techniques.<br />
Individually and through partnerships such as <strong>with</strong> those EarthScope and JPL, UNAVCO<br />
operates geodetic networks around the world <strong>with</strong> core sponsorship from NSF and NASA.<br />
The geodetic component <strong>of</strong> EarthScope, the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO), is an<br />
integrated network <strong>of</strong> complementary geodetic techniques that sample at seconds (GPS and<br />
strain meters) to millennia (geodetic imaging). Other integrated, open geodetic data sets are<br />
emerging from around the world: Greenland, Antarctica, Latin <strong>America</strong>, and Africa.<br />
The international research community actively mines and integrates open archives and data<br />
sets to support new applications and discoveries, advancing understanding <strong>of</strong> the complex<br />
interactions that drive geodynamics. Ocean loading effects detected by GPS constrains<br />
refinements to mantle structure and rheology on the US Pacific seaboard, integration <strong>of</strong><br />
GPS and accelerometer records yield full displacement seismograms, atmospheric pressure<br />
correlates to near-fault deformation in Taiwan, ocean and solid Earth tides modulate slow<br />
slip events in Cascadia, the Tohoku tsunami <strong>of</strong> 2011 registered on strain meters across the<br />
Pacific, combinations <strong>of</strong> GPS and InSAR provide deeper insights into earthquake and volcano<br />
deformation than previously possible, annual and inter-annual structure in the GPS time<br />
series can now be strongly correlated to ground deformation related to changes in snow load,<br />
aquifers, and surface water reservoirs.<br />
This synthesis <strong>of</strong> recent community science contributions reveals the influence <strong>of</strong> the<br />
atmosphere, hydrosphere, and tides in modulating tectonic and glacial processes that are<br />
fundamental to understanding natural hazards.<br />
SESSION NO. 4, 11:00<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T7A. Earth Surface in the Anthropocene<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
4-1 11:00 Friedrich, Jana<br />
DATING OF COASTAL MARINE SEDIMENTS: 210PB AND 137CS IN DANUBE-INFLUENCED<br />
BLACK SEA SHELF SEDIMENTS<br />
FRIEDRICH, Jana, Marine Geochemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine<br />
Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany, jana.friedrich@<br />
awi.de, LAPTEV, Gennady, Center for Monitoring Studies and Environmental Technology,<br />
Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute for Hydrometeorology, 37 Prospekt Nauki,<br />
Kiev, 03028, Ukraine, and LIEBETRAU, Volker, Marine Biogeochemistry, IFM-GEOMAR,<br />
Wischh<strong>of</strong>str. 1-3, Kiel, 24148, Germany<br />
Coastal marine sediments are natural archives <strong>of</strong> environmental change due to anthropogenic<br />
impact and natural variability in aquatic ecosystems, e.g. coastal erosion, changing river<br />
discharge, marine productivity and pollution. Dating <strong>of</strong> those sediments is a prerequisite for<br />
recovering records <strong>of</strong> change. The natural occurring radionuclide 210Pb and the artificial fallout<br />
radionuclides 137Cs and 241Am are applied in dating <strong>of</strong> recent sediments, i.e. deposited since the<br />
beginning <strong>of</strong> the industrial period. 137Cs serves as an independent time marker for end <strong>of</strong> the<br />
atmospheric bomb test fallout in 1963 and the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Due to its chemical<br />
mobility in sediments, the 137Cs signal is <strong>of</strong>ten weakened. Complementary, the less mobile<br />
241 241 241 Am may be used. Am originates from decay <strong>of</strong> the bomb fallout <strong>of</strong> Pu, and is used as a<br />
second time marker <strong>of</strong> the 1963 event.<br />
The northwestern shelf ecosystem <strong>of</strong> the Black Sea has been hit by eutrophication and<br />
pollution from the late 1960’s to the mid-1990’s, largely triggered by Danube River input <strong>of</strong><br />
Munich, Germany A5<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 4<br />
nutrients and pollutants. The aim <strong>of</strong> our study is to reconstruct the eutrophication history and<br />
deposition <strong>of</strong> nutrients in the sediments. The ‘memory effect’ <strong>of</strong> the sediment for recycling <strong>of</strong><br />
nutrients plays a critical role in fuelling pelagic productivity and thus maintaining eutrophic<br />
conditions in enclosed seas <strong>with</strong> long water residence times such as the Black Sea.<br />
Here we present results from sediment cores taken in the Danube River plume on shelf<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Black Sea. The dating <strong>of</strong> the sediment is somewhat hindered by irregularities in the<br />
unsupported 210 Pb and 137 Cs pr<strong>of</strong>iles. The sediment records are repeatedly interrupted by layers<br />
<strong>of</strong> stiff clay. Those clay layers show a drop in unsupported 210 Pb and 137 Cs and higher values <strong>of</strong><br />
supported 210 Pb. In between and below the clay layers, unsupported 210 Pb and 137 Cs increase<br />
again. Low values <strong>of</strong> the fallout radionuclide and <strong>of</strong> unsupported 210 Pb combined <strong>with</strong> higher<br />
supported 210 Pb point to a terrestrial origin <strong>of</strong> the clay. We hypothesise that the clay represents<br />
material eroded from the Danube Delta and transported to the sea in pulse-like events during<br />
flash floods <strong>of</strong> the Danube River.<br />
4-2 11:20 Holzwarth, Ulrike<br />
WESTERN SAHEL HYDROLOGY AND LAND USE OVER THE LAST THREE MILLENNIA:<br />
SEPARATING NATURAL VARIABILITY FROM ANTHROPOGENIC INDUCED CHANGES<br />
HOLZWARTH, Ulrike1 , DUPONT, Lydie1 , MÖBIUS, Jürgen2 , ZONNEVELD, Karin A.F. 1 , and<br />
SCHULZ, Michael1 , (1) Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany, holzwarth@uni-bremen.de,<br />
(2) Institute for Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, Bundesstraße 55, Hamburg,<br />
20146, Germany<br />
The African Sahel is a semiarid ecosystem extremely prone to precipitation fluctuations and<br />
therefore one <strong>of</strong> the most vulnerable regions <strong>of</strong> the world <strong>with</strong> respect to changes during<br />
the Anthropocene. However, the reasons for severe droughts in the 1970s and 1980s and<br />
most recently in 2010 are not fully understood. These decadal-scale variations seem to be<br />
related to temperature variations in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean and may be overprinted by<br />
anthropogenic activities. We therefore need a better understanding <strong>of</strong> past Sahelian climate<br />
variability.<br />
With our study, we aim at disentangling land-use effects from natural variations during<br />
the Late Holocene. We present a record <strong>of</strong> the past 3100 years from a marine site <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Mauritania using a combination <strong>of</strong> terrestrial and marine proxies. Pollen grains are used to<br />
reconstruct vegetation changes on the continent whereas the organic-walled din<strong>of</strong>lagellate<br />
cysts (dinocysts) reflect local oceanographic conditions including terrigenous input. Variations<br />
between 1100 BC and 1700 AD are used as a baseline and deviations from this natural<br />
variability <strong>with</strong>in the last 300 years are interpreted as anthropogenic influence.<br />
From 1100 BC to ~ 1700 AD pollen and dinocyst associations suggest rather small changes<br />
in continental rainfall and terrestrial input. From ~ 1700 AD onward, relative abundances <strong>of</strong> the<br />
dinocyst species Lingulodinium machaerophorum increase continuously. This species is typical<br />
for river plume areas where fluvial input is influenced by agricultultural or industrial activities. Its<br />
increase coincides <strong>with</strong> increasing dust and river fluxes recorded at the same core site which<br />
have been attributed to the onset <strong>of</strong> the commercial agriculture in the Sahel by Mulitza et al.,<br />
2010. At the same time, an increase <strong>of</strong> Saharan elements in the pollen associations point to an<br />
increase in aridity but might also be interpreted as a land-use signal.<br />
Within the time-interval <strong>of</strong> the last 70 years, a comparison <strong>with</strong> precipitation data is possible.<br />
Our data show that relative abundances <strong>of</strong> Savannah pollen as an indicator for more humid<br />
conditions decrease after the onset <strong>of</strong> the Sahel droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. This<br />
suggests that the natural hydrological variability in the Sahel region led the vegetation change<br />
during that time.<br />
4-3 11:40 Heidak, Markus<br />
ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF LAUREL FOREST ROCKS, SOILS, ROOTS AND LEAVES.<br />
IN THE FRAME OF GLOBAL CHANGE AND GLOBALIZATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF<br />
TENERIFE (CANARY ISLANDS; SPAIN)<br />
HEIDAK, Markus1 , GLASMACHER, Ulrich A. 1 , SCHÖLER, Heinfried1 , HERNÁNDEZ-<br />
MORENO, José M. 2 , and CASILLAS RUIZ, Ramon2 , (1) Institute <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Heidelberg, INF 234, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany, Markus.heidak@<br />
geow.uni-heidelberg.de, (2) University <strong>of</strong> La Laguna, Departamento de Edafología y<br />
Geología, Av. Asfco. Fco. Sánchez s/n, La Laguna, 38204, Spain<br />
The endangered laurel forest on the northern slope <strong>of</strong> the Canary Island Tenerife, is exposed<br />
to different climatic conditions, variations in lithology, soils, aerosols (caused by local<br />
anthropogenic emissions), Saharan dust, and sea spray. The soils and plants <strong>of</strong> this sensitive<br />
ecosystem provide an archive that allows determining the anthropogenic influence on the<br />
biosphere in a restricted landscape environment. They store information on global change and<br />
globalization in various archives. Major urban and industrial development is located on Tenerife,<br />
and as a touristy hotspot the Island is exposed to heavy air traffic. Furthermore, the short<br />
distance to the African coastline and, therefore, to the Sahara, contribute a regular influence <strong>of</strong><br />
African Dust emissions (ARIMOTO et al., 1995; ANTEQUERA, 1999. The element distribution<br />
allows constraining the anthropogenic influence on this ecosystem. The results are compared<br />
<strong>with</strong> data received from areas <strong>with</strong> less anthropogenic influence to define the geological<br />
background values. These data are used to understand the impact <strong>of</strong> future climate change and<br />
increased globalization to a highly sensitive Island ecosystem.<br />
Arimoto, R., Duce, R.A., Ray, B.J.Ellis, W.G., Cullen J.D. and Merrill, J.T. 1995.<br />
Trace elements in the atmosphere over the North Atlantic. Journal <strong>of</strong> Geophysical<br />
Research,Vol.100,No.D1, 1199-1213.<br />
Dorta Antequera, P.1999. Las invasiones de aire sahariano en Canarias. Consejería de<br />
Agricultura Pesca y Alimentación del Gobierno de Canarias, 287 pp.<br />
4-4 12:00 Schneider, Anna<br />
ORIGIN AND AGE OF THE LOWER BAVARIAN SAND-DUNES LANDSCAPE AROUND<br />
ABENSBERG AND SIEGENBURG<br />
SCHNEIDER, Anna, Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung<br />
Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus, Universität Cottbus, Konrad-<br />
Wachsmann-Allee 6, Cottbus, 03046, Germany, schneida@tu-cottbus.de, DÖTTERL,<br />
Sebastien, Université de Louvain, 3, Place Louis Pasteur, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348,<br />
Belgium, VOELKEL, Joerg, Geomorphology and Soil Science, Technical University <strong>of</strong><br />
Munich (Technische Universitaet Muenchen), Carl-von-Carlowitz.-Platz 2, Freising-<br />
Weihenstephan, 93077, Germany, LEOPOLD, Matthias, Geomorphology and Soil<br />
Science, Technical University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising-<br />
Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany, HÜRKAMP, Kerstin, Department für Ökologie &<br />
Ökosystemmanagement, Technische Universität München, Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2,<br />
Freising-Weihenstephan, 85350, Germany, and HILGERS, Alexandra, Geographisches<br />
Institut, Universität zu Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, Köln, 50923, Germany<br />
The Lower Bavarian aeolian sand areas and sand-dune landscapes in the Abensberg/<br />
Siegenburg area (county/Landkreis Kelheim, Lower Bavaria) originated in an area where the<br />
Late Tertiary deltaic sediments <strong>of</strong> the Ur-Naab are overlain by a complex system <strong>of</strong> Pleistocene<br />
Danube gravels as well as those <strong>of</strong> the Abens river, deposited by in parts widely-shifting<br />
Quaternary river courses, mainly during the Riss glacial. This explains the absence <strong>of</strong> any<br />
significant loess cover <strong>of</strong> the area. The sand dunes and aeolian sands occurring there have<br />
A6 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
been known for a long time, and their mostly late glacial age origin can be stratigraphically<br />
inferred. During the Holocene there were repeated phases <strong>of</strong> aeolian remobilisation, each <strong>of</strong><br />
them related to an overexploitation <strong>of</strong> the carrying capacity <strong>of</strong> the landscape. It can be excluded<br />
that remobilisation was caused by changing climate. Today the dune fields, up to 10 m high,<br />
have partly been set aside as nature reserves, or are being used for agriculture and forestry.<br />
Based on geophysical prospection, at four selected dune chains and their surroundings,a<br />
distinction has been made between the underlying aeolian sand sheet, the dune cores, and<br />
younger aeolian accumulation bodies, and they have been sedimentologically characterised.<br />
The dune sands have been dated by OSL, macro-remains and the humous material <strong>of</strong><br />
fossilised soil horizons by the radiocarbon method. Forest clearing <strong>of</strong> much <strong>of</strong> the landscape<br />
began during the Neolithic period, related to the operation <strong>of</strong> a flintstone mine at Arnh<strong>of</strong>en.<br />
Two significant phases <strong>of</strong> sand dune growth have been dated to the Bronze Age and the High<br />
Middle Ages, largely determining the aspect <strong>of</strong> the present dune landscape. There is evidence<br />
<strong>of</strong> younger remobilisation phases up to the 1950s. With reduced settlement pressure, the<br />
dunes landscape returned to a phase <strong>of</strong> morphodynamic stabilisation <strong>with</strong>out any evidence <strong>of</strong><br />
directed reforestation or dune stabilisation measures.<br />
4-5 12:20 Jotheri, Jaafar Hamzah Abdulhussein<br />
EVIDENCES OF PALEOFLOOD IN LOWER MESOPOTAMIAN FLOOD PLAIN<br />
JOTHERI, Jaafar Hamzah Abdulhussein, Department <strong>of</strong> Archaeology, College <strong>of</strong> Arts,<br />
Al- Qadisiya University, Diwaniya 88 Iraq, jaafarjotheri@yahoo.com<br />
The flood plain <strong>of</strong> the Euphrates and Tigris as a geological basin until the Pleistocene which<br />
then gradually filled <strong>with</strong> sediments <strong>of</strong> the rivers flowing into the Mesopotamian flood plain.<br />
According to these processes about 100-150m depth <strong>of</strong> sediments flowed into the basin and<br />
then formed the delta.<br />
During the time <strong>of</strong> Pleistocene to Recent the rivers that flow <strong>with</strong>in the flood plain changed<br />
their courses from time to time because <strong>of</strong> the subsurface structure movements and<br />
development <strong>of</strong> geomorphological process .<br />
Usually , a flood <strong>of</strong> water is a result from the changing <strong>of</strong> rivers , the size <strong>of</strong> this water<br />
flood depending on the size <strong>of</strong> the original river ( main river or branch river ) , the season <strong>of</strong><br />
occurrence this flood and the topography <strong>of</strong> the earth surface around the area <strong>of</strong> flooding .<br />
In this research some evidences <strong>of</strong> a huge flooding were detected in lower Mesopotamian<br />
plain around Ancient Babylon City in middle <strong>of</strong> Iraq , this flooding resulted when Euphrates river<br />
changed its waterway in near Babylon<br />
The evidences <strong>of</strong> this flooding were recognized in the excavated settlements that located<br />
in west Babylonian area ,the first evidence is occurrence <strong>of</strong> bed resulted from sedimentation<br />
<strong>of</strong> flooding sediments in between the human living beds <strong>of</strong> archaeological settlements . some<br />
geomorphological features still till now refer to happing <strong>of</strong> this huge flooding by recognition<br />
remains <strong>of</strong> ancient rivers and ancient marshes .<br />
The flooding bed different in thickness from archaeological site to other may be depending<br />
on the distance <strong>of</strong> the center <strong>of</strong> flooding and the elevation <strong>of</strong> the settlement in the time <strong>of</strong><br />
flooding . the thickness <strong>of</strong> the flooding beds were between (10 cm to 300cm ) .<br />
The flooding bed is separate between period <strong>of</strong> human live : before flooding and after<br />
flooding , the period before flooding contain destroyed artifact and building while the bed after<br />
flooding contain creation <strong>of</strong> new buildings .<br />
4-6 12:40 Makhlouf, Issa M.<br />
SEDIMENTOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF QUATERNARY TRAVERTINE<br />
MAKHLOUF, Issa M., Earth Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133 Jordan,<br />
makhlouf11@yahoo.com<br />
The eastern rim <strong>of</strong> Wadi Araba in southwest Jordan displays distinct alluvial fans, which were<br />
developed since the time <strong>of</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> the Dead Sea Transform (DST), initiated in middle<br />
Miocene (Garfunkel et al., 1981). The DST fault system controlled the development <strong>of</strong> the<br />
alluvial fans and their stacking pattern. Sediments were supplied from the east and dispersed<br />
radially forming a stream-flow dominated alluvial fan system. The continuous uplift <strong>of</strong> the<br />
eastern granitic basement and overlying Phanerozoic sedimentary succession, and the active<br />
intramontane valleys whose outlets at the mountain front were elevated continuously above the<br />
piedmont plains, resulted in deposition <strong>of</strong> alluvial fans that coalesced to produce a huge bajada<br />
complex comprising <strong>of</strong> several generations <strong>of</strong> overlapping and superimposed lobes consisting<br />
mostly <strong>of</strong> granitic gravels. Eight lith<strong>of</strong>acies are identified, interpreted as representing the<br />
deposits <strong>of</strong>: proximal shallow stream and sheet floods, channelized, non-cohesive debris flows,<br />
medial heterolithic deposits, and distal mudstones and evaporites (sabkha) deposits.<br />
4-7 13:00 Heine, Klaus<br />
DESERT FLASH FLOOD SERIES - SLACKWATER DEPOSITS AND FLOODOUTS IN<br />
NAMIBIA: THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR PALAEOCLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL<br />
RECONSTRUCTIONS IN THE ANTHROPOCENE<br />
HEINE, Klaus, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, 93040,<br />
Germany, klaus.heine@geographie.uni-regensburg.de and VOELKEL, Joerg,<br />
Geomorphology and Soil Science, Technical University <strong>of</strong> Munich (Technische Universitaet<br />
Muenchen), Carl-von-Carlowitz.-Platz 2, Freising-Weihenstephan, 93077, Germany<br />
Progress towards a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the dynamics and deposits <strong>of</strong> Namib Desert<br />
ephemeral rivers demands an interdisciplinary approach to a large number <strong>of</strong> unresolved<br />
problems. Although many advances have been made <strong>with</strong>in recent years in interpreting<br />
deposits <strong>of</strong> ephemeral desert rivers <strong>with</strong> respect to their palaeoenvironmental and<br />
palaeohydrologic information, many key issues remain to be addressed. In particular, work on<br />
fine-grained valley-fills (so called silts) has led to differing interpretations <strong>of</strong> their depositional<br />
environment, including river-end, palae<strong>of</strong>lood and floodout deposits. Here, we present them<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the concept <strong>of</strong> a hierarchical dynamic stratigraphy to investigate the relationships<br />
between heterogeneous deposits <strong>of</strong> ephemeral desert streams, using the desert flash flood<br />
series model, helping us to understand and interpret deposits <strong>of</strong> ephemeral desert streams<br />
palaeoenvironmentally.
SESSION NO. 5, 11:00<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T8A. Geotechnologien<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
5-1 11:05 Heise, S.<br />
GPS RADIO OCCULTATION AT GFZ: STATUS AND RECENT RESULTS<br />
HEISE, S., ARRAS, C., BEYERLE, G., MICHALAK, G., SCHMIDT, T., WICKERT, J.,<br />
and ZUS, F., Dept. 1 Geodesy and Remote Sensing, GFZ German Research Centre for<br />
Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, heise@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
The innovative GPS radio occultation (RO) remote sensing technique exploits atmospheric<br />
refraction and delay <strong>of</strong> GPS signals observed aboard Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites.<br />
Observed phase path delays can be inverted to vertical pr<strong>of</strong>iles <strong>of</strong> bending angle, refractivity,<br />
temperature and humidity. Main properties <strong>of</strong> the calibration-free RO technique are insensitivity<br />
to clouds and rain, global coverage and high vertical resolution. The GPS RO technique is<br />
currently applied aboard several satellite missions (Metop, COSMIC, TerraSAR-X, GRACE-A,<br />
SAC-C). Since 2006, GPS RO data are operationally used in numerical weather prediction,<br />
significantly improving the forecast quality <strong>of</strong> the world-leading weather centres. On the other<br />
hand, the continuously growing GPS RO dataset (starting <strong>with</strong> the German geoscience satellite<br />
CHAMP in 2001) is <strong>of</strong> increasing interest for climatological investigations.<br />
The operational GFZ orbit and occultation analysis system is currently in use for processing<br />
<strong>of</strong> GRACE-A and TerraSAR-X RO observations. Daily about 350 occultation events are<br />
analyzed and provided <strong>with</strong> average latency <strong>of</strong> less than 2 hours between measurement<br />
aboard the satellites and data provision via the GTS (Global Telecommunication Service) to the<br />
weather services (e.g., UK MetOffice, ECMWF, NCEP, DWD).<br />
We overview the status <strong>of</strong> the operational RO analysis including validation <strong>with</strong> ECMWF<br />
analyses and radiosonde observations. We also present climatological applications regarding<br />
global temperature and tropopause trends and irregularities <strong>of</strong> the ionospheric E-region.<br />
5-2 11:20 Wang, Xinxing<br />
ANALYSIS OF THE EXPECTED LASER RANGING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ON GRACE-C<br />
WANG, Xinxing and SAND, Rolf, SpaceTech GmbH Immenstaad, Seelbachstr. 13,<br />
Immenstaad, 88090, Germany, xinxing.wang@bv.tu-muenchen.de<br />
Since its launch in 2002, the GRACE mission has provided time-variable gravity field solutions<br />
for nearly a decade. The monthly GRACE solutions clearly show the continental scale<br />
hydrological cycle, while the long-term time series reveal trends in deglaciation in Antarctica<br />
and Greenland, the post glacial rebound in Canada as well as the sea level rise. GRACE<br />
solutions are widely used in hydrology, oceanography, ice, atmosphere, solid earth and other<br />
related Earth science studies.<br />
GRACE has already passed the designed life <strong>of</strong> 5 years and it may terminate due to<br />
technical reasons. Given the great importance and excellent achievements <strong>of</strong> GRACE,<br />
GRACE-C has been planned to continue the observation <strong>of</strong> the time-variable gravity signals.<br />
The GRACE-C mission will consist <strong>of</strong> 2 satellites in a pendulum constellation.The distance<br />
between the two satellites and its 1st time derivative will be measured by Laser Ranging<br />
Instrument (LRI) system <strong>with</strong> a very high precision. Comparing to the K-band ranging system<br />
equipped on the GRACE mission, laser ranging system will allow the distance between<br />
satellites to be measured <strong>with</strong> about 100 times better accuracy. Besides the Laser Ranging<br />
System, GRACE-C will also benefit from the drag-compensation system. In comparison to the<br />
accelerometers implemented on the GRACE mission, such system may reduce pro<strong>of</strong> mass<br />
acceleration noise since the noise associated <strong>with</strong> the acceleration measurement can be<br />
avoided. Additionally, the drag-free system enables the satellite to fly at a lower altitude, thus<br />
resulting in a better sensitivity to the mass transport and distribution in the Earth system as well<br />
as an improved spatial resolution.<br />
Comparing to the current GRACE mission, the GRACE-C mission will greatly improve<br />
the quality <strong>of</strong> global gravity field recovery. On one hand, GRACE-C will benefit from a more<br />
isotropic measurement principle due to combination <strong>of</strong> the cross-track <strong>with</strong> the alongtrack<br />
information. On the other hand, advanced sensor techniques will lead to significant<br />
improvement in the measurement accuracy, taken the advancement <strong>of</strong> the geophysical<br />
modeling into consideration. In total an improvement <strong>of</strong> about two orders <strong>of</strong> magnitude can be<br />
expected, which will greatly benefit the research activities in Earth science related studies.<br />
5-3 11:35 Murböck, Michael<br />
THE GERMAN JOINT RESEARCH PROJECT “CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE GRAVITY<br />
SATELLITE MISSIONS”<br />
MURBÖCK, Michael1 , PAIL, Roland1 , GRUBER, Thomas1 , REUBELT, Tilo2 , SNEEUW,<br />
Nico2 , FICHTER, Walter3 , and MÜLLER, Jürgen4 , (1) Institute for Astronomical and<br />
Physical Geodesy, TU München, Arcisstraße 21, München, 80333, Germany, murboeck@<br />
bv.tum.de, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geodesy, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70174, Germany,<br />
(3) Institute <strong>of</strong> Flight Mechanics and Control, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70569,<br />
Germany, (4) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geodesy, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167,<br />
Germany<br />
Within the German joint research project “concepts for future gravity satellite missions”,<br />
funded by the “Geotechnologien” programme <strong>of</strong> the German Federal Ministry <strong>of</strong> Education<br />
and Research, options and concepts for future satellite missions for precise (time-variable)<br />
gravity field recovery are investigated. The project team is composed <strong>of</strong> members from<br />
science and industry, bringing together experts in geodesy, satellite systems, metrology,<br />
sensor technology and control systems. The majority <strong>of</strong> team members already contributed<br />
to former gravity missions. The composition <strong>of</strong> the team guarantees that not only geodetic<br />
aspects and objectives are investigated, but also technological and financial constraints are<br />
considered. Conversely, satellite, sensor and system concepts are developed and improved<br />
in a direct exchange <strong>with</strong> geodetic and scientific claims. The project aims to develop concepts<br />
for both near and mid-term future satellite missions, taking into account e.g. advanced satellite<br />
formations and constellations, improved orbit design, innovative metrology and sensor systems<br />
and advances in satellite systems.<br />
An overview <strong>of</strong> this project will be presented including some results for the different areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> research. A closer look will be taken at some geodetic aspects. These are closed loop<br />
simulations starting from satellite observations derived from a simulated world and the<br />
capability <strong>of</strong> selected mission scenarios to recover it. With these simulations several aspects<br />
can be analyzed. These are for example: Instrument performance required to observe time<br />
variable gravity field signals, Impact <strong>of</strong> orbit configurations, and temporal aliasing <strong>of</strong> inaccurate<br />
geophysical background models into the gravity field solution.<br />
SESSION NO. 5<br />
5-4 11:50 Pail, Roland<br />
REAL-GOCE – DATA ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SATELLITE GRAVITY<br />
GRADIENT MISSION GOCE<br />
PAIL, Roland, Institute for Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, TU München, Arcisstraße<br />
21, München, 80333, Germany, pail@bv.tu-muenchen.de and SCHUH, Wolf-Dieter,<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Geodesy and Geoinformation, University <strong>of</strong> Bonn, Bonn, 52115, Germany<br />
REAL-GOCE is a cooperative research project <strong>with</strong>in the BMBF/DFG Geotechnologien<br />
Programme, Theme 2 “Observation <strong>of</strong> the System Earth from Space”. GOCE (Gravity Field<br />
and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer) is the first mission to be adopted in the frame<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Living Planet Programme by the European Space Agency (ESA). The primary goal<br />
<strong>of</strong> this mission is the determination <strong>of</strong> the static component <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s gravity field <strong>with</strong><br />
unprecedented global accuracy and resolution <strong>of</strong> 1-2 cm for the geoid and 1 mGal for gravity<br />
anomalies at a global scale and at a wavelength <strong>of</strong> at least 100 km. Key applications <strong>of</strong><br />
high-resolution global gravity field models are the modelling <strong>of</strong> interacting geophysical and<br />
oceanographic processes, which shall contribute to a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the Earth system.<br />
Additionally, a high-precision geoid will enable geodesists to unify and connect the currently<br />
heterogeneous national height reference systems.<br />
In the frame <strong>of</strong> REAL-GOCE, the project partners strive for understanding and exploiting<br />
the new observation type <strong>of</strong> gravity gradients to the best possible extent, and to make benefit<br />
<strong>of</strong> their signal content for a number <strong>of</strong> applications. In this presentation, an overview <strong>of</strong> the<br />
key activities <strong>with</strong>in REAL-GOCE and the main results shall be addressed. This involves the<br />
GOCE gradient analysis and gravity field computation both on regional and on global scale<br />
applying innovative approaches, GOCE validation both on gravity gradient level, but also by the<br />
computation <strong>of</strong> time-mean ocean circulation and using the GOCE geoid, and the combination<br />
<strong>of</strong> GOCE gravity models <strong>with</strong> complementary gravity field data. This is done both on different<br />
scales: on global level high-resolution combination gravity field models are generated, while<br />
on regional scale the impact <strong>of</strong> GOCE to the German quasi-geoid solution and the height<br />
system is analyzed. Selected examples and preliminary results will prove the high performance<br />
and added value <strong>of</strong> GOCE compared to available global gravity field knowledge, and will<br />
demonstrate the achievements and progress <strong>of</strong> the REAL-GOCE project partners.<br />
5-5 12:05 König, Daniel<br />
THE NEW GFZ EIGEN-GRACE06S GRAVITY FIELD MODEL TIME SERIES<br />
KÖNIG, Daniel, DAHLE, Christoph, NEUMAYER, Karl-Hans, FLECHTNER, Frank,<br />
GRUBER, Christian, and DARAS, Ilias, Geodesy and Remote Sensing, German Research<br />
Center for Geosciences - GFZ, c/o DLR Oberpfaffenh<strong>of</strong>en, Muenchner Str. 20, Wessling,<br />
82234, Germany, dkoenig@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
Since launch <strong>of</strong> the GRACE Mission in March 2002, numerous global gravity field model time<br />
series have been published by different processing centers. They are used by a large number<br />
<strong>of</strong> geoscientists worldwide to investigate time-varying mass variation phenomena in the system<br />
Earth such as continental hydrology, ice mass change, post-glacial rebound or ocean mass<br />
variations. The different time series can be distinguished in unconstrained and constrained<br />
(e.g. by regularization, Kalman Smoother, etc.) solutions. Their temporal resolution varies from<br />
monthly over weekly or 10-day down to daily; their spatial resolution decreases <strong>with</strong> increasing<br />
temporal resolution from spherical harmonic degree and order 120 (~167km) down to degree<br />
and order 30 (~667km). However, the actual maximum spatial resolution is even worse as<br />
the solutions are affected by a large noise level, typically dominated by spurious N-S striping<br />
artefacts, which requires filtering and/or de-striping techniques by the users for further analysis.<br />
The German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ) is routinely processing its current<br />
EIGEN-GRACE05S (RL04) time series since end <strong>of</strong> 2006. This time series comprises<br />
unconstrained monthly solutions till degree and order 120 as well as unconstrained weekly<br />
solutions till degree and order 30. Within the BMBF GEOTECHNOLOGIEN project LOTSE<br />
(LOng Time SEries <strong>of</strong> consistently reprocessed GRACE gravity field models) GFZ has<br />
just recently reprocessed the complete GRACE mission data. This version, called EIGEN-<br />
GRACE06S (RL05), is based on updated background models and modified processing<br />
standards and shows notable noise reduction compared to RL04.<br />
In order to further improve the temporal resolution it is planned to derive daily gravity field<br />
products based on localized base functions and a Kalman Smoother which can then be applied<br />
for enhanced de-aliasing <strong>of</strong> the monthly solutions. In combination <strong>with</strong> a decorrelation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
GRACE K-band range-rate residuals w.r.t. the daily solutions, an alternative time-series <strong>of</strong><br />
constrained monthly solutions <strong>with</strong> a significantly reduced noise level is planned to be provided<br />
as an alternative GFZ RL05 product.<br />
The presentation will focus on results <strong>of</strong> the unconstrained RL05 solutions and the<br />
comparison <strong>of</strong> these results <strong>with</strong> the latest results <strong>of</strong> the constrained solutions.<br />
5-6 12:20 Korte, Monika<br />
NEUE ERKENNTNISSE ZUR FORM UND DYNAMIK DES GEOMAGNETISCHEN FELDES<br />
LESUR, Vincent, KORTE, Monika, WARDINSKI, Ingo, HAMOUDI, Mohamed,<br />
ROTHER, Martin, MICHAELIS, Ingo, RAUBERG, Jan, and LÜHR, Hermann,<br />
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany,<br />
monika@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
Während der zurückliegenden Dekade konnte ein enormer Fortschritt bei der<br />
Charakterisierung des geomagnetischen Feldes erzielt werden. Wesentlichen Anteil daran<br />
hatte die deutsche Satellitenmission CHAMP. Während der aktiven Phase, Juli 2000 bis<br />
September 2010, wurde von ihr unter anderem das Magnetfeld mit einer bisher nicht erreichten<br />
Genauigkeit und räumlicher Überdeckung vermessen. Wesentliche Ergebnisse sind eine<br />
detaillierte Beschreibung/Modellierung des Hauptfeldes und seiner zeitlichen Variationen.<br />
Basierend auf diesen Daten haben wir die magnetische Feldverteilung an der Kern-<br />
Mantelgrenze bestimmt. Des Weiteren lässt sich die Geschwindigkeitsverteilung im äußeren,<br />
flüssigen Kern abschätzen. Diese neuartigen Ergebnisse geben wichtige Hinweise für die<br />
bisher nicht umfassend verstandene Funktion des Geodynamos.<br />
Ein weiteres Gebiet, das durch die CHAMP-Mission großen Vorschub erfahren hat, ist<br />
die Kartierung der magnetisierten Gesteine und Sedimente. Dank der niedrigen Flughöhe<br />
(~300km) während der extrem ruhigen Jahre des Solarminimums, 2008-2009, konnte das<br />
lithosphärische Magnetfeld mit sehr hoher Auflösung vermessen werden. Zur weiteren<br />
Verfeinerung wurden die Satellitendaten mit marinen und aeromagnetischen Ergebnissen aus<br />
regionalen Messungen verschnitten. Ein herausragendes Ergebnis internationaler Kooperation<br />
ist die von der UNESCO gesponserte World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map (WDMAM). Mit ihr<br />
ist es erstmalig gelungen, alle zugänglichen regionalen Vermessungen in einer globalen Karte<br />
einheitlich zusammen zu fassen. Diese Anomalienkarte eignet sich gut für weitere geologische<br />
Interpretationen der Erdkruste.<br />
5-7 14:00 Müller, Christian<br />
STORAGE CATALOGUE OF GERMANY – SPEICHER-KATASTER DEUTSCHLAND<br />
MÜLLER, Christian1 , REINHOLD, Klaus2 , RIESENBERG, Cornelia2 , and GERLING,<br />
Johannes Peter1 , (1) Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe (BGR),<br />
Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany, Christian.Mueller@bgr.de, (2) Bundesanstalt für<br />
Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe (BGR), Wilhelmstr. 25-30, Berlin, 13593, Germany<br />
Reservoir and barrier rocks play a key role for many types <strong>of</strong> utilization <strong>of</strong> the deeper<br />
subsurface in Germany, e.g. the exploitation <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbons, underground gas storage,<br />
Munich, Germany A7<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 5<br />
extraction <strong>of</strong> geothermal energy for heating and power generation, and the disposal <strong>of</strong> brines.<br />
Within the last decade, the permanent storage <strong>of</strong> carbon dioxide in saline aquifers developed<br />
as an additional utilization option, driven by the need to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide<br />
emissions and thus mitigate climate change.<br />
In Germany, the three largest sedimentary basins Norddeutsches Becken, Molassebecken<br />
and Oberrheingraben are characterized by the widespread abundance <strong>of</strong> good reservoir<br />
and barrier rocks. Based on regional studies <strong>with</strong>in these basins, the volumetric CO 2 storage<br />
capacity in saline aquifer structures is calculated to 6.3 to 12.8 Gt. However, the influence <strong>of</strong><br />
large-scale CO 2 storage projects will not be limited to the storage site only, but the change<br />
in reservoir pressure will have regional impact. Therefore also the sealing efficiency <strong>of</strong> the<br />
associated barrier rocks need to be investigated on a regional scale.<br />
In order to account for different utilization options including CO 2 storage, a nationwide<br />
systematic and reliable overview on the storage potential <strong>of</strong> the deeper subsurface in Germany<br />
is necessary. In order to provide a first step, the project Storage Catalogue <strong>of</strong> Germany<br />
(Speicher-Kataster Deutschland) was carried out from 2008 until 2011 as cooperation between<br />
the state geological surveys <strong>of</strong> Germany and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural<br />
Resources (BGR).<br />
As result <strong>of</strong> this project, we present an information system on major Permian and Mesozoic<br />
reservoir and barrier rock units. This includes the categorization <strong>of</strong> 19 reservoir and barrier<br />
rock units based on depth and thickness criteria, the discussion <strong>of</strong> their reservoir and retention<br />
properties, and the implementation <strong>of</strong> information on already existing exploration data (e.g. wells<br />
and seismic data). The categorization maps and the information on already existing data are<br />
included in a GIS-based map application (see also the contribution <strong>of</strong> Riesenberg et al.), while<br />
more detailed information on e.g. reservoir and retention properties are available in reports.<br />
5-8 14:15 Thomsen, Andreas<br />
HANDLING OF 3D SPATIAL DATA FOR JOINT CCS PROJECT CO2-MOPA<br />
THOMSEN, Andreas1 , SCHMIDT, Sabine1 , GÖTZE, Hans-Jürgen1 , ALTENBRUNN,<br />
Kerstin1 , BREUNIG, Martin2 , BUTWILOWSKI, Edgar2 , and KUPER, Paul Vincent2 ,<br />
(1) Institut für Geowissenschaften, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-<br />
Platz 1, Kiel, 24118, Germany, athomsen@geophysik.uni-kiel.de, (2) Geodetic Institute,<br />
Karlsruhe Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, Campus Süd, Geodätisches Institut Englerstr. 7,<br />
Building 20.40, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany<br />
In the “Geotechnologien” research project “Modelling and Parameterisation <strong>of</strong> CO2 Storage in<br />
Deep Saliniferous Formations for Dimension and Risk Analyses”, a digital model <strong>of</strong> a virtual<br />
CO2 storage in a saline aquifer is developed. 10 subprojects co-operate to establish the<br />
hydrological, geochemical, geomechanical and geophysical processes and their parameters<br />
determined by laboratory experiments, aiming at increased reliability <strong>of</strong> risk estimation,<br />
monitoring and long term prognosis.<br />
The subproject M3 “Parameter Identification for Modelling – Validation and Visualization”<br />
(Thomsen 2010) aims at the support <strong>of</strong> a synoptic interpretation <strong>of</strong> the individual models by a<br />
distributed, Web based system. Besides classical Web servers and RDBMS it comprises the<br />
3D/4D DBMS DB4GeO for the handling <strong>of</strong> spatial data, a stereo visualization environment and<br />
a meta-information database.<br />
Meta-information is organized at two levels: Resource descriptions are handled by the XML<br />
DBMS “eXist”, using XQuery and XSLT. Relationships <strong>of</strong> resources are modeled as “Topic<br />
Maps” using “Wandora” s<strong>of</strong>tware. Information flow is modeled as a bipartite subgraph <strong>with</strong><br />
‘process’ and ‘data’ nodes.<br />
For stereo visualization <strong>of</strong> complex geometries, subproject M3 in Kiel uses a “GeoWall”environment;<br />
subproject M1b at UFZ Leipzig uses the CAVE-like “TESSIN-Vislab”. An<br />
exchange <strong>of</strong> models is possible.<br />
Within the system, DB4GeO (Breunig 2010) manages the comprehensive geological 3D<br />
models. The object-oriented DBMS s<strong>of</strong>tware developed at Karlsruhe Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology<br />
is written in Java, based on the OODBMS db4o. Originally only simplicial complexes were<br />
supported; recently structured grids have been added. DB4GeO is accessed via spatial<br />
services built from basic geometric and topological operations; spatial access is based on<br />
R-trees. Data are organized in ‘projects’ comprising ‘spaces’, each <strong>with</strong> coordinate system,<br />
scale, and spatial and thematic objects. Present research focuses on the composition <strong>of</strong><br />
simplicial complexes into complex objects e.g. in BREP, and on the hierarchical aggregation<br />
<strong>of</strong> objects. Generalized Maps (GMaps) provide a unified approach for topological modelling.<br />
A set <strong>of</strong> elementary and complex topological operations and their implementation has been<br />
developed. An application example is presented in (Breunig 2011).<br />
5-9 14:30 Alvers, Michael R.<br />
TOWARDS A SYNOPTIC INTERPRETATION OF AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL DATA BY<br />
DIFFERENT INVERSION TECHNIQUES AND IMMERSIVE VISUALIZATION<br />
ALVERS, Michael R., Transinsight GmbH, Tatzberg 47-51, Dresden, 01307, Germany,<br />
malvers@transinsight.com and GÖTZE, Hans-Jürgen, Institut für Geowissenschaften,<br />
Christian-Abrechts-Universität, Otto-Hahn-Platz 1, Kiel, 24118, Germany<br />
The rising competition in land use especially between water economy, agriculture, forestry,<br />
building material economy and other industries <strong>of</strong>ten leads to irreversible deterioration in the<br />
water and soil system (e.g. salinization and degradation) due to over-exploitation which results<br />
in a long term damage <strong>of</strong> natural resources.. Spatial surveys <strong>of</strong> underground geometry and<br />
physical parameters by aero-geophysical measurements and subsequent ground geophysics<br />
surveys target at the Cuxhavener Rinne (buried valley <strong>of</strong> Cuxhaven) that make it possible<br />
to gain the needed additional knowledge. The complementary use <strong>of</strong> airborne and ground<br />
geophysics, the validation, assimilation and improvement <strong>of</strong> current results by inversion<br />
techniques and plausibility tests help to the respond to following key questions: (1) Which<br />
algorithms (joint inversion, data assimilation and immersive visualization) are useful to describe<br />
structural settings <strong>of</strong> the usable subsurface by user specific characteristics as i.e. water<br />
volume, layer thicknesses, porosities etc.? (2) What are the physical relations <strong>of</strong> the observed<br />
parameters (electrical conductivities, magnetic susceptibilities, densities, etc.)? (3) How can we<br />
deduce characteristics or parameters from the observations which describe near subsurface<br />
structures (e.g. ground water systems, their charge, discharge and recharge, vulnerabilities and<br />
other quantities)?<br />
The six partners <strong>of</strong> the AIDA project (AIDA – From Airborne Data Inversion to In-Depth<br />
Analysis) develop new and expand existent inversion strategies to improve structural parameter<br />
information on different space and time scales and test them for a multi-parameter inversion<br />
(joint inversion) together <strong>with</strong> immersive graphic. Primary goal is to solve comparable society<br />
related problems (as salinization, erosion, contamination, degradation etc.) in regions <strong>with</strong>in<br />
Germany and abroad by generalization <strong>of</strong> project results.<br />
A8 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
5-10 14:45 Simon, Elisabeth<br />
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACTIVE MINE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY BY USE OF<br />
SCHWERTMANNITE<br />
JANNECK, Eberhard1 , BURGHARDT, Diana2 , SIMON, Elisabeth3 , DAMIAN, Christin1 ,<br />
MARTIN, Mirko1 , SCHÖNE, Gisbert4 , MEYER, Jürgen5 , and PEIFFER, Stefan3 ,<br />
(1) Halsbrücke, 09633, Germany, (2) Dresden, 01069, Germany, (3) Bayreuth, 95440,<br />
Germany, elisabeth.simon@uni-bayreuth.de, (4) Aue, 08276, Germany, (5) Chemnitz,<br />
09117, Germany<br />
As a residual <strong>of</strong> microbial ferrous iron oxidation, large amounts <strong>of</strong> schwertmannite<br />
(Fe O (OH) SO ) were produced in a pilot plant for lignite mine water treatment in Tzschelln<br />
8 8 6 4<br />
(Lusatia, Germany). The secondary mineral has excellent properties for removal <strong>of</strong> arsenic and<br />
other oxoanions from mine water and rapidly transforms into ferric hydroxides <strong>of</strong> high specific<br />
surface area once exposed to water containing at least some alkalinity. Therefore, the research<br />
project SURFTRAP was carried out to investigate the applicability <strong>of</strong> schwert mannite for the<br />
treatment <strong>of</strong> ground- and surface water contaminated <strong>with</strong> arsenic.<br />
Following to fundamental, hydrochemical and structural investigations in the laboratory, a<br />
pilot scale test was performed in the bypass <strong>of</strong> an active water treatment plant for contamina ted<br />
flooding water from uranium ore mining. About 20 mg Fe/L as schwertmannite were necessary<br />
to un der shoot the governmental described effluent limits (0.3 mg As/L and 0.5 mg U/L). The<br />
costs <strong>of</strong> the higher demand <strong>of</strong> schwertmannite compared to the conventional FeCl addition<br />
3<br />
(10 mg Fe/L) could be compensated by a reduction <strong>of</strong> lime milk requirement <strong>of</strong> about 40%.<br />
5-11 15:00 Singer, John<br />
COST EFFECTIVE LANDSLIDE MONITORING WITH TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY<br />
(TDR): FIELD TEST EXPERIENCES AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION<br />
SINGER, John, THURO, Kurosch, and FESTL, Judith, Engineering Geology, Technische<br />
Universität München, Arcisstr. 21, München, 80333, Germany, singer@tum.de<br />
The Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measuring system can be used as a cost effective<br />
alternative to inclinometer measurements for the surveillance <strong>of</strong> subsurface deformations<br />
in landslides. With its ability to simultaneously perform nearly continuous measurements <strong>of</strong><br />
several measuring sites, TDR can ideally be used in time critical measuring tasks as e.g. in<br />
alarm systems.<br />
In the last years TDR monitoring systems were installed at several different landslides in the<br />
European Alps including the large scale landslides <strong>of</strong> Doren, Gschliefgraben (both Austria) and<br />
Triesenberg (Liechtenstein) as well as in several medium to small scale landslides. The broad<br />
field experience gained in these practical applications allows determining the field performance<br />
<strong>of</strong> the TDR measuring system in terms <strong>of</strong> sensitivity, accuracy and reliability and clearly reveals<br />
the limits and advantages <strong>of</strong> the method.<br />
5-12 15:15 Ivanova, Alexandra<br />
QUANTIFICATION OF CO2 MASS INJECTED AT KETZIN USING 3D TIME-LAPSE SEISMIC<br />
DATA AND MULTIPHASE FLOW MODELING<br />
IVANOVA, Alexandra, LENGLER, Ursula, LUETH, Stefan, and JUHLIN, Christopher, GFZ<br />
Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, alexandra.ivanova@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
The Ketzin CO2 storage site provides the experimental infrastructure to test established and<br />
new geophysical methods related to geological storage <strong>of</strong> CO2. CO2 is being injected and<br />
monitored using various methods. By now about 50,000 tons <strong>of</strong> CO2 had been injected into<br />
the Stuttgart Formation at approximately 650 m depth. Among the wide range <strong>of</strong> monitoring<br />
methods being applied at Ketzin, 3D time-lapse reflection seismic surveys comprise an important<br />
component. The first repeat 3D survey was acquired in Autumn 2009 after about 22000<br />
tons <strong>of</strong> CO2 had been injected. The time-lapse signatures <strong>of</strong> this CO2 can be clearly observed<br />
<strong>with</strong>in a radius <strong>of</strong> about 300 m from the injection well <strong>with</strong> this method. Results <strong>of</strong> seismic<br />
interpretation are illustrated <strong>with</strong> synthetic seismic modeling and reservoir flow simulation <strong>of</strong><br />
the migrating CO2. A multiphase flow modeling has been performed and synthetic seismic data<br />
are being generated based on the fluid flow simulation. Synthetic seismic modeling shows that<br />
the negative seismic impedance contrast between the shale and sandstone becomes stronger,<br />
when CO2 is present. The velocity push-down effect is observed in the field data as well as<br />
in the synthetic seismic data. Mass quantification <strong>of</strong> the injected CO2 visible in 3D time-lapse<br />
seismic data has been provided using results <strong>of</strong> multiphase flow modeling <strong>with</strong> a satisfactory<br />
match (more than 90%).<br />
SESSION NO. 6, 11:00<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T10. Tectonics <strong>of</strong> Central and East Asia<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 017<br />
6-1 11:05 H<strong>of</strong>mann, Mandy<br />
THE INDIA AND SOUTH CHINA CRATONS AT THE MARGIN OF RODINIA –<br />
SYNCHRONOUS NEOPROTEROZOIC MAGMATISM REVEALED BY LA-ICP-MS ZIRCON<br />
ANALYSES<br />
HOFMANN, Mandy1 , LINNEMANN, Ulf1 , RAI, Vibhuti2 , BECKER, Sindy1 , GÄRTNER,<br />
Andreas1 , and SAGAWE, Anja1 , (1) Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen<br />
Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Sektion Geochronologie, Königsbrücker<br />
Landstraße 159, Dresden, D-01109, Germany, mandy.h<strong>of</strong>mann@senckenberg.de,<br />
(2) University <strong>of</strong> Lucknow, Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, Centre <strong>of</strong> Advanced Study in Geology,<br />
Lucknow, 226007, India<br />
The composition <strong>of</strong> the supercontinent Rodinia is generally clear. Nevertheless there are still<br />
discussions and controversies concerning the exact positions <strong>of</strong> South China and India, for<br />
example. Resolution <strong>of</strong> this controversy constrains not only the reconstruction <strong>of</strong> Rodinia during<br />
its breakup but contributes also to our understanding <strong>of</strong> Snowball Earth, what is synchronous<br />
<strong>with</strong> the dispersal <strong>of</strong> the supercontinent.<br />
This talk compares the Neoproterozoic histories <strong>of</strong> the Lesser Himalaya in northern India<br />
and the Yangtze block in southern China. We present U-Pb LA-ICP-MS ages <strong>of</strong> detrital zircon<br />
grains from six Indian and three Chinese siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones<br />
or diamictites/tillites. In total, 1148 grains were analysed from which 833 measurements gave<br />
ages <strong>with</strong> a degree <strong>of</strong> concordance between 90 and 110 %. The correlation <strong>of</strong> the Indian and<br />
the Chinese sections is possible using the tillites <strong>of</strong> both areas purportedly deposited during<br />
the Snowball Earth time interval: the Blaini tillite from India and the Nantuo tillite from China.<br />
In addition to the tillites, representative detrital zircon ages from over- and underlying clastic<br />
rocks were determined. The Chinese samples are dominated by zircons <strong>with</strong> Neoproterozoic<br />
ages <strong>with</strong> a main peak between ca. 750 Ma and ca. 950 Ma and are characterized by the<br />
absence <strong>of</strong> Archaean ages. The Indian samples contain abundant Neoproterozoic zircon<br />
grains, but also Mesoproterozoic to Archaean ones. For all samples, a local source area that<br />
provided the Neoproterozoic zircons is likely. A synchronous Neoproterozoic magmatic event
in both cratons probably reflects the breakup <strong>of</strong> the supercontinent Rodinia and therefore<br />
the same tectono-magmatic event. Our results indicate a similar history for India and South<br />
China which both underwent at least one synchronous episode <strong>of</strong> crustal growth during the<br />
Neoproterozoic. In addition, our data set shows that both passive margin clastic sequences<br />
had the same source area for all zircons older than Neoproterozoic. Therefore we infer that<br />
India and South China were close to each other and along the same passive margin during<br />
the breakup <strong>of</strong> Rodinia in the Late Neoproterozoic.<br />
6-2 11:20 Han, Guoqing<br />
LA-ICP-MS U-PB DATING AND HF ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF DETRITAL ZIRCONS<br />
FROM THE “PERMIAN” SANDSTONES IN DA HINGGAN MOUNTAINS, NE CHINA:<br />
CONSTRAINTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE EASTERN SEGMENT OF CENTRAL<br />
ASIAN OROGENIC BELT<br />
HAN, Guoqing1 , NEUBAUER, Franz1 , LIU, Yongjiang2 , ZHANG, Xingzhou2 , JIN, Wei2 ,<br />
GENSER, Johann1 , REN, Shoumai3 , and LI, Wei1 , (1) Dept. Geography and Geology,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria, guoqing.han@<br />
stud.sbg.ac.at, (2) College <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Jianshe Str. 2199,<br />
Changchun, 130061, China, (3) Strategic Research Center <strong>of</strong> Oil & Gas Resources,<br />
MLR, Funei Str. 88, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China<br />
We present new LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age data and Hf isotopic compositions <strong>of</strong> detrital zircons<br />
from supposed Mid to Upper Permian sandstones from the molasse-type lacustrine-fluviatile<br />
Linxi and Zhesi Fms. <strong>of</strong> the Da Hinggan Mountains (eastern Inner Mongolia, China). Our new<br />
data constrain the eastern extension <strong>of</strong> the Erenhot-Hegenshan suture zone and the plate<br />
collision processes between the northern margin <strong>of</strong> the North China craton and the composite<br />
Erguna-Hinggan-Songliao block. The U-Pb ages <strong>of</strong> detrital zircons indicate ages as young as<br />
Late Permian to Early Triassic indicating a younger depositional age as previously assumed.<br />
These data also show two uniform age groups <strong>of</strong> 270–280 Ma and 310–320 Ma, and zircons<br />
<strong>of</strong> the older cluster are considered to derive from the Sonidzuoqi-Xilinhot magmatic arc <strong>with</strong> its<br />
age cluster <strong>of</strong> 310–320 Ma and similar εHf (t) values <strong>of</strong> 3.46–10.41. The younger, 270–280 Ma<br />
age group is interpreted to derive from a post-orogenic A-type granitoid belt.<br />
Synthesizing this unique information on a magmatic arc <strong>of</strong> an approximate age <strong>of</strong> 320 Ma<br />
we define a distribution <strong>of</strong> the Sonidzuoqi–Xilinhot magmatic arc as follows. The arc extends<br />
from Solon Obo via Sonidzuoqi, Xilinhot through Ulanhot to Qiqihar, and then it is cut by the<br />
sinistral Nenjiang-Balihan slip-strike fault (western boundary fault <strong>of</strong> the Songliao basin), and<br />
ultimately extends to Longzhen in the northern sectors <strong>of</strong> the Da Hinggan Mountains. The<br />
Erenhot-Hegenshan suture zone is located north <strong>of</strong> this magmatic arc. Further Paleozoic age<br />
groups <strong>of</strong> ~380 Ma, ~430 Ma and ~500 Ma in the samples indicate a mixture <strong>of</strong> age groups<br />
<strong>of</strong> variable origin and multiple arc-continent accretion during the formation <strong>of</strong> the composite<br />
Erguna-Hinggan-Songliao block. The sample from the uppermost Permian to Lower Triassic<br />
Linxi Formation in the Linxi area (in the southern segment <strong>of</strong> Da Hinggan Mountains) has two<br />
age groups <strong>of</strong> ~1800 Ma and ~2500 Ma, indicating their source from the northern margin <strong>of</strong><br />
the North China craton located in the south. Therefore, the collision between the North China<br />
craton and the Hinggan-Erguna block started during the deposition <strong>of</strong> the Linxi Formation and<br />
the final closure <strong>of</strong> the intervening oceanic basin occurred during Late Permian-Early Triassic<br />
forming the Ondor Sum-Xar Moron suture zone.<br />
6-3 11:35 Kirscher, Uwe<br />
CONSTRAINTS ON THE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE<br />
CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT BY PALEOMAGNETIC DATA<br />
KIRSCHER, Uwe1 , MIKOLAICHUK, Alexander2 , ALEXEIEV, Dmitry V. 3 , and<br />
BACHTADSE, Valerian1 , (1) Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-<br />
University, Theresienstrasse 41, Munich, 80333, Germany, uwe.kirscher@<br />
geophysik.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Institut <strong>of</strong> Geology, Kyrgyz Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences,<br />
Bishkek, 720027, Kyrgyzstan, (3) <strong>Geological</strong> Institute RAS, Pyzhevskiy 7, Moscow,<br />
119017, Russia<br />
A detailed paleomagnetic investigation has been carried out on sedimentary and volcanic<br />
rocks <strong>of</strong> Paleozoic age in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan in order to elucidate the paleotectonic and<br />
paleogeographic parameters for the evolution <strong>of</strong> the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB)<br />
during Paleozoic times.<br />
The paleomagnetic data obtained so far generally agree <strong>with</strong> other published data for coeval<br />
rocks, mainly from Kazakhstan. Combining the different data sets, results in two distinct swaths<br />
for the Ordovician and Carboniferous which are both displaced to the east <strong>of</strong> the European<br />
Apparent Polar Wander Path (EuAPWP). Whereas the Ordovician mean paleo- south poles are<br />
spread between 20° to 100° E in longitude and 0° to 40° S in latitude, the Carbonifeous pole<br />
positions plot in a region between 320° and 140° E in longitude and 65° to 40° S in latitude.<br />
Both define more or less parallel small circles which pass through the Ordovician and<br />
Carboniferous segments <strong>of</strong> the EuAPWP, respectively. The poles <strong>of</strong> rotation for both small<br />
circles plot in today’s Siberia and are only some 15° apart.<br />
We note that the amounts <strong>of</strong> rotation are not a function <strong>of</strong> age <strong>of</strong> individual pole positions<br />
leading to the conclusion that both small circles are the result <strong>of</strong> individual blocks rotating by<br />
individual amounts <strong>with</strong> respect to each other and the EuAPWP during post-Carboniferous<br />
times. We furthermore conclude that the pole positions identified in this study display a closer<br />
proximity to the EuAPWP than to the APWP for Siberia.<br />
6-4 11:50 Sonntag, Benita-Lisette<br />
INTRA-CONTINENTAL SHORTENING ALONG THE ALAI VALLEY, PAMIR-TIEN SHAN,<br />
CENTRAL ASIA<br />
SONNTAG, Benita-Lisette, HOFMANN, Jakob, LOHR, Tina, RATSCHBACHER, Lothar,<br />
SCHMALHOLZ, Martina, and JONCKHEERE, Raymond, TU Bergakademie Freiberg,<br />
Institut für Geologie, Freiberg, 09596, Germany, benita-lisette.sonntag@geo.tu-freiberg.de<br />
The Alai Valley between the Pamir frontal range and the southern Tien Shan is the remnant<br />
<strong>of</strong> a Cenozoic sedimentary basin that linked the Tajik basin to the west and the Tarim basin in<br />
the east. The ‘Main Pamir Thrust’ corresponds to a major thrust splay <strong>of</strong> the intra-continental<br />
subduction zone along which Asian lithosphere is subducting southward under the Pamir<br />
along a seismically active zone. Late Cenozoic deformation is separated into several segments<br />
and the lateral transitions are accommodated by complex areas <strong>of</strong> transfer faults and thrust<br />
systems. Map interpretation and evaluation <strong>of</strong> structural data indicates up to 40° clockwise<br />
rotation <strong>of</strong> the shortening direction from NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW since the late Miocene.<br />
Distinct differences in the fault pattern between several segments <strong>of</strong> the northern Pamir and<br />
between the northern Pamir and the southern Tien Shan are effects <strong>of</strong> local block rotations.<br />
Active deformation <strong>of</strong> the Pamir frontal range is obvious from Recent surface breaks along the<br />
western and central segments; the disastrous Mw 6.7 Nura earthquake on October 5th , 2008<br />
testifies to renewed activity along the eastern segment. The southern Tien Shan shows active<br />
deformation in the eastern part that interacts <strong>with</strong> the dextral Talas-Ferghana fault system.<br />
Estimates on the age <strong>of</strong> deformation are based on the tectonic interpretation <strong>of</strong> facies<br />
variations in shallow marine and continental sedimentary rocks. Distributed north-south<br />
contraction occurred during the late Oligocene–early Miocene <strong>with</strong> shortening resumed in the<br />
late Miocene. According to new Ar-Ar geochronology, the southern Tien Shan cooled through<br />
300°C at ~275 Ma, following a major intrusion event at 305-280 Ma (U-Pb zircon), and later<br />
through ~100°C at ~10-15 Ma. Sandstone samples from Paleogene and Miocene strata from a<br />
SESSION NO. 7<br />
intra-montane basin in the southern Tien Shan yielded detrital apatite and zircon fission-track<br />
data <strong>with</strong> age peaks at ~ 330, 250, 170, 145, and 75 Ma that are not reset during the Cenozoic.<br />
Detrital apatite and zircon from the Pamir frontal range are also unreset, yielding age peaks<br />
at ~240 Ma and ~140 Ma. The only Cenozoic ages from the thrust system <strong>of</strong> the Pamir frontal<br />
range stem from Lower Cretaceous sedimentary and Paleozoic volcanoclastic rocks and<br />
suggest that the major shortening is ≤5 Ma.<br />
6-5 12:05 Kley, Jonas<br />
SEDIMENTARY AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE CENOZOIC ILI BASIN (NORTHERN<br />
TIEN SHAN, KAZAKHSTAN)<br />
KLEY, Jonas1 , VOIGT, Thomas1 , SEIB, Nadine1 , and KOBER, Martin2 , (1) Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, Jena, 07749, Germany, Jonas.<br />
Kley@uni-jena.de, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Wöllnitzer<br />
Straße 7, Jena, 07745, Germany<br />
The Ili basin is a triangle-shaped Cenozoic broken foreland basin located between the Northern<br />
Tien Shan and Dzungarian Alatau thrust fronts in Kazakhstan. It is disrupted by several thrustrelated<br />
basement uplifts.<br />
The most representative sections occur in the piedmont <strong>of</strong> the Katutau basement range.<br />
Distal deposits emerge in the Aktau anticline while proximal strata overlie the Paleozoic<br />
basement in the north and west. The Aktau succession whose base is not exposed starts in<br />
the middle Oligocene (mammal fossils; Indricotherium horizon) <strong>with</strong> fluvial deposits <strong>of</strong> a large<br />
river system and varying flood-plain deposits exhibiting intense soil formation (calcretes and<br />
gypsisols). Transport directions and quartz content <strong>of</strong> these sediments suggest they were not<br />
sourced from the nearby mountain ranges present today. They are followed by late Oligocene<br />
to Miocene strata reflecting the transition from an evaporitic lake/playa system to freshwater<br />
lacustrine conditions, eventually grading into a large sandy river system.<br />
In the proximal settings, alluvial and fluvial deposits rest on deeply weathered paleosurfaces.<br />
Transport is mainly to the south. Alluvial fans dominated by tabular conglomerate sheets are<br />
sharply overlain by fine-grained sandy mudstones <strong>with</strong> frequent calcareous paleosols. These<br />
represent terminal alluvial fan and playa deposits interfingering <strong>with</strong> freshwater lake deposits,<br />
finally also giving way to sandy fluvial strata reminiscent <strong>of</strong> the modern Ili river. The basal fluvial<br />
deposits can be confidently correlated from the Aktau to the proximal successions on the<br />
basis <strong>of</strong> facies and clast spectra. Up section the correlation is not as clear, although the main<br />
lacustrine episodes and the transition to the sandy fluvial system may coincide.<br />
The rapid tapering from the Aktau section into much thinner, more coarse-grained and<br />
more proximal successions may in part reflect restricted sediment transport in a very arid<br />
environment. In addition, it is apparently mediated by NNW-trending normal faults displacing<br />
the Cenozoic strata at least up to the Upper Miocene. Some <strong>of</strong> these normal faults were<br />
later reactivated as dextral strike-slip faults. The Ili Basin apparently originated as a mildly<br />
extensional basin in Late Paleogene time and evolved into a foreland basin possibly as late<br />
as Pliocene time.<br />
6-6 12:25 Dogra, N.N.<br />
PALYNOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FROM HIMALAYAN FORELAND BASIN AND<br />
THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON INDIA – ASIA COLLISION<br />
DOGRA, N.N. Sr1 , SINGH, Y.R. 2 , THAKUR, O.P. 1 , and KUMAR, Sandeep1 , (1) Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Geology, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, Kurukshetra, 136119, India, nndogra@<br />
rediffmail.com, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal,<br />
795003, India<br />
India-Asia collision took place 65-40 m.y ago averaging around 55 m.y resulted into the<br />
formation <strong>of</strong> Himalayan Foreland basin. We document the palynochronological evidence<br />
for initiation <strong>of</strong> Himalayan Foreland sedimentation in the Proterzoic basement subsidence<br />
developed as a consequence <strong>of</strong> this collision. Initial Foreland sediments <strong>of</strong> Himachal<br />
Pradesh designated as Kakara and Subathu formations are investigated in detail for the<br />
plant microbiota to generate a new evidence line <strong>of</strong> palynochronological inferences for this<br />
continental-continental collision and subsequent evolution <strong>of</strong> Himalayan Foreland basin. The<br />
plant microbiota recovered here from the Early Tertiary Subathu Formation in the stratotype<br />
point to different ecological settings depicting, marine, marginal marine, coastal transitional<br />
and freshwater depositional episodes in the Subathu Formation based on Homotryblium<br />
(52-51 my), Cordosphaeridium (52-51 my), Cleistosphaeridium (51-44 my) and Pediastrium<br />
(< 44 my) Assemblage zones from Ypresian to post-Lutetion time intervals.<br />
Palynozones dates are designated based on global age marker palynotaxa (Williams et al.<br />
1993). Based on the FAD and LAD limits <strong>of</strong> taxa recovered in each zone, we here propose<br />
to delimit the precise age <strong>of</strong> zones by delimiting youngest FAD and oldest LAD <strong>of</strong> taxa in the<br />
assemblage <strong>of</strong> a particular zone. The palynochronological dates so delineated in the present<br />
studies clearly point out the deposition <strong>of</strong> Subathu Formation from 52 to 44 m.y and may be<br />
even younger, for the age diagnostic palynotaxa from the uppermost part <strong>of</strong> Subathu Formation<br />
represented by Pediastrum Assemblage zone are still wanted. The Kakara Formation <strong>of</strong> Nahan<br />
area yielded marine Dinogymnium assemblage which is index <strong>of</strong> Maestrichtian.<br />
The qualitative, quantitative and palynochronological data from Kakara and Subathu<br />
Formation <strong>of</strong> northwest Himalaya constrain that the north ward movement <strong>of</strong> Indian plate,<br />
underthrusting <strong>of</strong> Tethys crust, end Cretaceous cessation <strong>of</strong> sedimentation in Spiti basin,<br />
closure <strong>of</strong> Neotethys in the north and the eventual collision <strong>of</strong> India <strong>with</strong> Asia coincides <strong>with</strong><br />
the initiation <strong>of</strong> marine sedimentation in Maestrichtian time in the Himalayan Foreland basin<br />
and the evolution <strong>of</strong> basin is accompanied <strong>with</strong> deposition <strong>of</strong> Subathu Formation under shallow<br />
water marine influene from 52 to 44 m.y. ago.<br />
SESSION NO. 7, 08:30<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
Open Session in Geosciences (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P3 (1st floor hallway)<br />
7-1 BTH 6 Tarabees, Elhamy<br />
APPLICATION OF THE VELOCITY-DEVIATION LOG IN DETERMINING PORE TYPES AND<br />
PERMEABILITY TRENDS OF NUBIA S.S FORMATION, IN RUDEIS-SIDRI AREA, GULF OF<br />
SUEZ, EGYPT<br />
TARABEES, Elhamy, Geology Department, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Science, Damanhour University,<br />
Damanhour 22516 Egypt, etarabees@yahoo.com<br />
The velocity-deviation log, which is calculated by combining the sonic log <strong>with</strong> the neutronporosity<br />
or density logs, provides a tool to obtain down hole information on the predominant<br />
pore types in sandstone rocks. This information can be used to trace the down hole distribution<br />
<strong>of</strong> diagenetic processes and to estimate the causative trends in permeability. The velocitydeviation<br />
log calculated by converting porosity-log data to a synthetic velocity log using the<br />
Munich, Germany A9<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 7<br />
time-average equation for the Nubia Sandstone Formation in the area <strong>of</strong> Rudeis-Sidri, Gulf<br />
<strong>of</strong> Suez, Egypt. The differences between the real sonic log and the synthetic sonic log plotted<br />
as a velocity-deviation log. These velocity-deviation logs reflected the different rock physical<br />
signatures <strong>of</strong> the different pore types; (1) Positive velocity deviation mark zones where frame<br />
forming pore types dominate, (2) Zero deviations show intervals, where the rock lacks a rigid<br />
frame, such as interparticle or microporosity and (3) Negative deviations mark zones, in<br />
which sonic log velocities are unusually low, caused, for instance, by a cavernous bore-hole<br />
wall, fracturing, or possibly by a high content <strong>of</strong> free gas. By tracing the velocity deviations<br />
continuously down hole, the diagenetic zones are identified to varying pore types. In addition,<br />
permeability trends are observed using this method depending on the influence the pore types<br />
on the permeability <strong>of</strong> the rock.<br />
7-2 BTH 7 Parto, Fateme<br />
A NEW METHOD FOR FIRE DETECTION BASE ON SOIL MOISTURE INDEX<br />
PARTO, Fateme, Remote Sensing, University <strong>of</strong> Tehran, Tehran 98 Iran,<br />
fateme_parto@yahoo.com<br />
Fire plays a major role in destroy <strong>of</strong> forest. If fire was discovered in initial hours, can be<br />
taken under control and a large area <strong>of</strong> natural resource can be protected. But fires are not<br />
largely monitored and enough detection facilities are not available. Traditional fire detection<br />
algorithms mainly rely on hot spot detection. They use thermal infrared (TIR) channels <strong>with</strong><br />
fixed or contextual threshold that Based upon the Temperature Sensitivity <strong>of</strong> 4 and 11 micron.<br />
This work presents a new method based on combination <strong>of</strong> Giglio (2003) method and use <strong>of</strong><br />
tow sequence MODIS images. The principle <strong>of</strong> the approach is to detect fires by comparing<br />
the observed TOA brightness temperature <strong>of</strong> the pixel <strong>with</strong> the expected temperature during<br />
fire conditions. The expected temperature is modeled by series <strong>of</strong> observations and the end<br />
product is a thresholding algorithm which is masked by Soil Moisture Index. The satellite<br />
detected fire pixels were validated <strong>with</strong> ground data collected by Iran’s The Forests, Range and<br />
Watershed Management Organization (FRWMO). The result illustrated that in this algorithm the<br />
sensitivity to detect fires increased .The proposed method was applied on fifty case studies.<br />
Result demonstrates that this algorithm can detect fires in initial hours <strong>of</strong> burning and all <strong>of</strong> fires<br />
detected correctly and in some cases we had one or two false alarms.<br />
7-3 BTH 8 Söllner, Frank<br />
PROVENANCE STUDIES IN ARCHAEOLOGY BY 87SR/86SR ISOTOPE RATIOS IN<br />
MINERALIZED TISSUES – POTENTIAL AND PITFALLS USING THE EXAMPLE OF VIKING<br />
HAITHABU AND MEDIEVAL SCHLESWIG<br />
GRUPE, Gisela, Biozentrum der LMU, University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Grosshaderner Str,<br />
Martinsried, 82152, ROTT, Andreas, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, University <strong>of</strong> Munich,<br />
Grosshaderner Str, Martinsried, 82152, and SÖLLNER, Frank, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and<br />
Environmental Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Munich (LMU), Luisenstr. 37, Munich, 80333,<br />
frank.soellner@lmu.de<br />
Viking Haithabu and medieval Schleswig constitute a settlement continuum since the 9th century. Both towns were important trading sites <strong>with</strong> contact to almost every part <strong>of</strong> the then<br />
known world. Based on the archaeological finds recovered from excavations, the development<br />
<strong>of</strong> this settlement continuum includes a change in economy and social structure and witnessed<br />
its change from an international trading locality to a prototypical medieval town complete<br />
<strong>with</strong> town charter. One outstanding aspect <strong>of</strong> the reconstruction <strong>of</strong> economic change is the<br />
quantification <strong>of</strong> immigrant people to the site, and the identification <strong>of</strong> imported animals and/or<br />
raw material <strong>of</strong> animal origin, to firmly distinguish migration and trade.<br />
The desire to better understand past human and animal movement and patterning in history<br />
has benefitted substantially from developments in radiogenic isotopes research, especially the<br />
87 86 Sr/ Sr isotopic system as applied to bioarchaeological finds. Present maps, however, are<br />
generally inadequate for archaeological applications, primarily due to the isotopic composition<br />
<strong>of</strong> bioavailable strontium, which alone is capable <strong>of</strong> entering the biosphere and which can<br />
deviate significantly from the stationary, non-mobile strontium phase found in the soil.<br />
Therefore, adequate isotope maps must be established prior to any archaeological application.<br />
A variety <strong>of</strong> possibilities for the establishment <strong>of</strong> such maps has been suggested meanwhile,<br />
based on different samples such as archaeological finds <strong>of</strong> residential animals, mineral and<br />
surface water, or even archaeological human skeletal finds.<br />
Both Haithabu and Schleswig are located on the North German plain, a region which has<br />
been shaped by the Weichsel glaciation and which exhibits a small scale stable Sr isotopic<br />
variability. In our study, we rely on the analysis <strong>of</strong> 87Sr/ 86Sr isotope ratios in bioarchaeological<br />
materials such as animal and human skeletal remains and preserved wood. We will show<br />
that the definition <strong>of</strong> “local” versus “non-local” specimens ultimately depends on the type <strong>of</strong><br />
biomaterial analyzed and its respective strontium sources, how the analysis <strong>of</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
materials will corroborate the definition <strong>of</strong> appropriate cut-<strong>of</strong>f values, and how the contribution<br />
<strong>of</strong> dietary strontium limits the allocation to a consumer – be it human or animal – to a likely<br />
place <strong>of</strong> provenance.<br />
7-4 BTH 9 Mekawy, Manal Sayed<br />
KNOWLEDGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE, WHICH PASSED BY EGYPT THROUGH GEOLOGIC<br />
TIME USING OYSTERS<br />
MEKAWY, Manal Sayed, Geology Department, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Science, Suez Canal University-<br />
Ismailia, Shbeen El Qum, Ismailia 41522 Egypt, mekawy_manal@yahoo.com<br />
The problem <strong>of</strong> climate change at the moment is a global problem that everyone must<br />
contribute to solve it. In order to know the solution to this problem, you must find out what<br />
happened in the past. The present study aims to infer temperatures in different geological ages<br />
in Egypt through the study <strong>of</strong> some properties <strong>of</strong> oysters,<br />
Starting from the Jurassic period (the first appearance <strong>of</strong> oysters in Egypt) until our time.<br />
Oyster samples were collected from different regions in Egypt and cover the largest possible<br />
area to give accurate results. A comparison between the temperatures in the past and our time<br />
are implemented and therefore a logical picture <strong>of</strong> what will happen in the future have drawn.<br />
A10 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
SESSION NO. 8, 08:30<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
Open Session Structural Geology and Tectonics<br />
(Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
8-1 BTH 1 Ewiak, Oktawian<br />
HIGH RESOLUTION DISPLACEMENT MONITORING AT UPPER PLATE FAULTS IN THE<br />
N-CHILEAN CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY<br />
EWIAK, Oktawian, VICTOR, Pia, ZIEGENHAGEN, Thomas, and ONCKEN, Onno,<br />
GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, 14473, oewiak@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
The Chilean convergent plate boundary belongs to the tectonically most active regions on<br />
earth and is a source area for large megathrust earthquakes. Historical data suggest a seismic<br />
gap in the northern part <strong>of</strong> the Chilean plate boundary which has not ruptured since 1877<br />
(Iquique segment). In this study we explore the time series <strong>of</strong> displacement recorded <strong>with</strong> an<br />
array <strong>of</strong> 11 creepmeters since over two years. A main question is how strain is accumulated at<br />
upper plate faults during the megathrust seismic cycle and which processes are responsible for<br />
strain accumulation.<br />
The creepmeter array has been installed at 4 upper plate faults identified as active fault<br />
strands <strong>of</strong> the Atacama fault system. The monitored faults include dip-slip (Mejillones Fault<br />
- MF, Salar del Carmen Fault - SCF) as well as strike-slip faults (Cerro Fortuna Fault - CFF,<br />
Chomache Fault - CF). The SCF is located in a forearc segment that ruptured in the 1995<br />
Mw 8.0 Ant<strong>of</strong>agasta earthquake. The other faults are situated in the Iquique segment partially<br />
overlying the rupture area <strong>of</strong> the 2007 Mw 7.8 Tocopilla earthquake. This allows the direct<br />
comparison <strong>of</strong> upper plate faults located in different segments <strong>of</strong> the forearc undergoing<br />
different stages <strong>of</strong> the megathrust seismic cycle.<br />
The total displacement rates range from 4 µm/year (MF) up to 75-80 µm/year (SCF). Total<br />
displacement is composed <strong>of</strong> steady state creep, creep events and sudden displacement<br />
events (SDEs). The percentage <strong>of</strong> SDEs is over 90 % <strong>of</strong> the cumulative displacement for the<br />
CFF. Data from SCF show that 50-60 % <strong>of</strong> the cumulative displacement results from SDEs. This<br />
implies a clear variation in strain accumulation pattern <strong>of</strong> the studied fault zones, potentially<br />
depending on the location in the forearc.<br />
Combined for all installations, 52 % <strong>of</strong> the SDEs appear to be triggered during the passage<br />
<strong>of</strong> seismic surface waves. On the other hand, 48 % <strong>of</strong> the SDEs occur <strong>with</strong>out temporal<br />
correlation to an earthquake. They are potentially silent slip events, if other effects e.g. site<br />
effects or seasonal effects can be ruled out. This work in progress will concentrate on the<br />
discrimination <strong>of</strong> parameters controlling the strain accumulation pattern at upper plate faults<br />
related to seismic activity in the forearc system.<br />
8-2 BTH 2 Leitner, Christoph<br />
DEFORMATION OF THE ALPINE HASELGEBIRGE FORMATION – STRUCTURES,<br />
40AR/39AR POLYHALITE AGES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION<br />
LEITNER, Christoph1 , NEUBAUER, Franz1 , GENSER, Johann1 , BERNROIDER,<br />
Manfred1 , BOROJEVIC-ŠOšTARIC, Sibila2 , RANTITSCH, Gerd3 , URAI, Janos L. 4 , and<br />
MARSCHALLINGER, Robert5 , (1) Dept. Geography and Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg,<br />
Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria, Christoph.Leitner@sbg.ac.at, (2) Faculty <strong>of</strong><br />
Mining Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University <strong>of</strong> Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb,<br />
HR-10000, Croatia, (3) Department Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montanistic<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Leoben, Peter-Tunner-Straße 5, Leoben, A-8700, Austria, (4) Lehrgebiet<br />
für Geologie-Endogene Dynamik, RWTH Aachen, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056,<br />
Germany, (5) Institute Geographic Information Science, Österreichische Akademie der<br />
Wissenschaften, Schillerstraße 30, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria<br />
The Permian to Lower Triassic Haselgebirge <strong>of</strong> the Northern Calcareous Alps shows a number<br />
<strong>of</strong> unusual features different from other evaporite successions. The Mesozoic units <strong>of</strong> this<br />
fold-and-thrust belt were detached, thrusted and stacked along the evaporitic Haselgebirge<br />
Formation. Intact mudrocks allow reconstruction <strong>of</strong> early events, and we found a hitherto<br />
undetected Middle Triassic thermal event. Migrating mineralized hydrous fluids, released from<br />
mudrock, led to the replacement <strong>of</strong> halite by anhydrite retaining the shape <strong>of</strong> deformed halite.<br />
Coevally, polyhalite crystallized at ca. 230 Ma ( 40Ar/ 39Ar age).<br />
The investigated rock salt deposits (Altaussee, Berchtesgaden-Dürrnberg) show a thermal<br />
overprint <strong>of</strong> likely Cretaceous age. Our fluid inclusions and vitrinite reflexion measurements<br />
yield a peak temperature <strong>of</strong> 180°C for Berchtesgaden and >240°C for Altaussee. Furthermore,<br />
fine-grained polyhalite mylonites <strong>with</strong> a 40Ar/ 39Ar age <strong>of</strong> ca. 113 Ma formed during the Early<br />
Alpine (Cretaceous) orogeny.<br />
Rocksalt and mudrock form a two-component tectonite. By use <strong>of</strong> the temperatureindependent<br />
subgrain-size piezometer for halite, the paleo-differential stress was calculated<br />
at ca. 2.5 MPa in Altaussee and ca. 4.5 MPa in Berchtesgaden. These paleo-stresses allow<br />
estimate temperatures at 150 ± 20°C and 110 ± 10°C, also implying very high strain rates (10 9<br />
to 10 10 s 1 ). During deformation, the halite deformed and recrystallized, and also crystallized<br />
in veins <strong>with</strong>in mudrocks. We interpret high overpressure <strong>of</strong> the pore fluid to have significantly<br />
contributed to fracturing <strong>of</strong> the mudrock (Leitner et al., 2011, J. Struct. Geol. 33, 970–984).<br />
The orientation <strong>of</strong> the foliation, the halite mineral lineation and other structures are consistent<br />
<strong>with</strong>in each deposit and vary from deposit to deposit. In all cases, the axes <strong>of</strong> isoclinal folds are<br />
parallel to the lineation, what is typical for highly ductile rocks. White fibers <strong>with</strong>in extensional<br />
veins have a preferred orientation and represent the last major structural stage <strong>of</strong> salt<br />
deformation <strong>with</strong>in the deposits, whereby the mapped structures relate to the structures <strong>of</strong> the<br />
surroundings <strong>of</strong> the salt bodies. All Alpine salt bodies got their final shape and internal structure<br />
during Cenozoic deformation stages.<br />
8-3 BTH 3 Keil, Melanie<br />
COMPLEXITIES OF AN OROGEN-PARALLEL FAULT SYSTEM: THE MIOCENE ENNS<br />
VALLEY BASIN (AUSTRIA) AND THE NORTH ENNS VALLEY FAULT<br />
KEIL, Melanie and NEUBAUER, Franz, Geography and Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg,<br />
Hellbrunnerstraße 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria, melanie.keil2@sbg.ac.at<br />
Late-stage strike-slip faults occur in many mountain belts and guide the orogen-parallel<br />
drainage system. Here, we show an example <strong>of</strong> the SEMP fault system in the central Eastern<br />
Alps, which shows a distinct pattern <strong>of</strong> deformation.<br />
The Miocene Enns Valley basin initiated along the ENE-trending Salzach-Enns-Mariazell-<br />
Puchberg fault and this fault separates the exhumed Hohe and Niedere Tauern blocks from the<br />
Miocene basin fill. Deposits <strong>of</strong> the Miocene Enns Valley basin occur in a number <strong>of</strong> dispersed<br />
exposures along the northern valley margin and are nearly exclusively derived from the<br />
southern Ennstal Quartzphyllite, Wölz Micaschist and Schladming/Bösenstein complexes. We
also recognized a very specific, unique contributor, the Hochgrößen serpentinite massif. The<br />
Enns Valley basin fill is confined and disrupted along its northern margin by the North Enns<br />
Valley fault, a hitherto unidentified fault, which separates the Miocene Enns Valley basin from<br />
the Northern Calcareous Alps. The North Enns Valley fault postdates the deposition <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Miocene Enns Valley basin fill and likely extends to the WSW into the Mandling fault and, to<br />
the ENE, into the Pyhrn fault. If this interpretation is correct, then a ca. 20 km dextral <strong>of</strong>fset and<br />
ca. 1–1.2 km northern block up displacement occurred along this fault, mostly during the Late<br />
Miocene/Early Pliocene inversion during E–W shortening as postulated by previous models.<br />
Dextral displacement along the North Enns Valley fault could also explain the Weyer Arc, a<br />
specific feature <strong>with</strong>in the eastern Northern Calcareous Alps. This arc could be explained by<br />
accommodating a dextral displacement at the eastern termination <strong>of</strong> the North Enns Valley fault<br />
by counterclockwise rotation.<br />
8-4 BTH 4 Aubele, Katharina<br />
A PALEOMAGNETIC STUDY OF PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC ROCKS FROM THE TOULON-<br />
CUERS BASIN, SE FRANCE<br />
AUBELE, Katharina1 , KIRSCHER, Uwe1 , BACHTADSE, Valerian1 , DURAND, Marc2 , and<br />
RONCHI, Ausonio3 , (1) Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University,<br />
Theresienstrasse 41, Munich, 80333, Germany, aubele@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de,<br />
(2) Laxou, 54520, France, (3) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’ambiente,<br />
Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, 27100, Italy<br />
It has been known for some time that the use <strong>of</strong> paleomagnetic poles from the Permian <strong>of</strong><br />
Laurasia and Gondwana results in significant continental overlap between both continents<br />
when used to reconstruct Pangea in a classical Wegnerian fit (Pangea A). If this inconsistency<br />
in the paleomagnetic data set is caused by problems unrelated to the Geocentric Axial Dipole<br />
hypothesis and/or does not reflect significant inclination shallowing, the problem can be<br />
solved by positioning Gondwana roughly 3000 km to the east <strong>with</strong> respect to Laurasia while<br />
maintaining the original latitudes. This operation results in a so called Pangea B configuration.<br />
However, since the Atlantic Ocean undebatedly opened from a Pangea A assemblage,<br />
Gondwana has to move into this configuration prior to the Jurassic requiring 3000 km <strong>of</strong><br />
westward translation along a major dextral strike-slip diffuse plate boundary running through<br />
the present Mediterranean. This concept, however, is still under heavy scrutiny and the traces<br />
<strong>of</strong> the mega shear are difficult to identify. One way towards the identification <strong>of</strong> this shear zone<br />
is determination <strong>of</strong> tectonic blocks, the amount and sense <strong>of</strong> rotation <strong>with</strong>in the shear zone.<br />
Here, we present new paleomagnetic data from mainly red sandstones from Permian and<br />
Triassic sedimentary basins and Permian volcanics from the Toulon basin in SE France. All<br />
samples show rather simple paleomagnetic behaviour. Thermal demagnetization up to 675°C is<br />
successful in resolving the directional spectrum. After removal <strong>of</strong> a low temperature component<br />
by heating to ~200°C, a second high temperature component, which generally points towards<br />
the south and up, can be identified in almost all Permian samples. Lower and Middle Triassic<br />
samples display similar behaviour, however, two polarities <strong>of</strong> magnetization are present. The<br />
primary character <strong>of</strong> magnetization is supported by a positive conglomerate test performed<br />
on a polygenic conglomerate <strong>with</strong>in the Les Salettes formation. The latitudes <strong>of</strong> the resulting<br />
paleopoles agree well <strong>with</strong> the Permian segment <strong>of</strong> the European Apparent Polar wander path,<br />
while the associated longitudes are dispersed and define a small circle segment spanning<br />
~ 60°. This is taken as significant evidence for block rotations <strong>with</strong>in the Toulon basin and<br />
suggests that the basin formed <strong>with</strong>in a zone <strong>of</strong> dextral megashear.<br />
8-5 BTH 5 Kirscher, Uwe<br />
PALEOMAGNETISM OF JURASSIC CARBONATE ROCKS FROM SARDINIA - NO<br />
INDICATION OF POST JURASSIC INTERNAL BLOCK ROTATIONS<br />
KIRSCHER, Uwe1 , AUBELE, Katharina1 , RONCHI, Ausonio2 , MUTTONI, Giovanni3 ,<br />
and BACHTADSE, Valerian1 , (1) Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-<br />
Maximilians-University, Theresienstrasse 41, Munich, 80333, Germany, uwe.kirscher@<br />
geophysik.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’ambiente,<br />
Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, 27100, Italy, (3) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Milan, via Mangiagalli 34, Milan, 20133<br />
Several Paleomagnetic studies on Carboniferous and Permian sedimentary and volcanic rocks<br />
from Sardinia and Corsica have recently demonstrated (a) the tectonic coherence between<br />
southern Corsica and northern Sardinia as well as (b) significant rotations between individual<br />
crustal blocks <strong>with</strong>in Sardinia itself. The geodynamic significance <strong>of</strong> these rotations, however,<br />
is not clearly understood mainly because <strong>of</strong> uncertainties in defining their timing and causes.<br />
In order to contribute to these issues, a pioneering study on Jurassic carbonates from the<br />
Baronie- Supramonte (Monte Albo) regions (eastern-central Sardinia) has been extended<br />
regionally, and detailed paleo- and rock-magnetic investigations across the whole Jurassic<br />
sequence <strong>of</strong> Sardinia have been carried out. A total <strong>of</strong> 280 oriented drill cores were taken from<br />
44 sites <strong>of</strong> Mid and Late Jurassic age in the Nurra, Baronie- Supramonte, Barbagia- Sarcidano<br />
and Sulcis regions. Despite generally weak remanent magnetization intensities, on the order<br />
<strong>of</strong> less than 1mA/m, thermal and alternating field demagnetization was successfully applied to<br />
define a characteristic remanent magnetization component in about 60% <strong>of</strong> the samples. Site<br />
mean directions show rather good agreement after correction for bedding tilt, and yield Middle<br />
and Late Jurassic overall mean directions <strong>of</strong> D = 270.3° and I = 45.0° (alpha = 8.1°, k = 14,<br />
95<br />
n = 22 sites) and D = 275.5° and I = 50.7° (alpha_ = 7.2°, k = 45.3, n = 10 sites), respectively.<br />
95<br />
Positive regional and local fold and reversal tests demonstrate the primary character <strong>of</strong><br />
the natural magnetic remanence, which is carried by magnetite. These results indicate no<br />
post-Jurassic rotations <strong>with</strong>in the island <strong>of</strong> Sardinia. The resulting Middle and Late Jurassic<br />
paleopoles (Lat = 16.9°, Long = 299.8°, dp = 6.5°, dm = 10,2° and Lat = 23.4°, Long = 301.2°,<br />
dp = 6.5°, dm = 9.7°), corrected for the opening <strong>of</strong> (1) the the Liguro- Provencal Basin and<br />
(2) the Bay <strong>of</strong> Biscay using well defined rotation parameters fall onto the coeval segment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
European apparent polar wander path.<br />
These results constrain the timing <strong>of</strong> large differential block-rotations found in Permian rocks<br />
to a pre Jurassic age, and lead to exclude Alpine related tectonics for such rotations.<br />
8-6 BTH 6 Sagawe, Anja<br />
SAME SAME BUT DIFFERENT – ZIRCONS FROM GRANITOIDS OF THE SAXONIAN<br />
GRANULITE MASSIF<br />
SAGAWE, Anja, GÄRTNER, Andreas, HOFMANN, Mandy, and LINNEMANN, Ulf,<br />
Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und<br />
Geologie, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, Dresden, 01109, Germany, anja.sagawe@<br />
senckenberg.de<br />
Within the Saxonian Granulite Massif (SGM) four main types <strong>of</strong> granites can be distinguished<br />
according to their degree <strong>of</strong> deformation: i) Mittweida granite body, ii) Berbersdorf granite<br />
body, iii) granite gneisses (“Lagergranite”), and iv) smaller granitic dykes. Whereas the<br />
Mittweida granite is not deformed, the Berbersdorf granite is strongly to moderately and the<br />
granite gneisses are very strongly deformed. The smaller granitic dykes show every degree <strong>of</strong><br />
deformation (Gottesmann 1987).<br />
In this case study we compare zircons from i) the large granitic intrusion <strong>of</strong> Mittweida, from<br />
ii) a small dyke from Penig, and from iii) a granite gneiss from a sill collected near Hermsdorf.<br />
The whole amount <strong>of</strong> investigated zircon grains is about 400. They were separated by<br />
standard methods. Following analyses included CL- and BSE-imaging, the latter one to realize<br />
SESSION NO. 8<br />
morphological studies after Pupin (1980). Finally, measurements <strong>of</strong> U-Th-Pb isotope ratios on<br />
zircons were performed by LA-SF-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation-Sector Field-Inductively Coupled<br />
Plasma-Mass Spectrometry).<br />
First results show differences in morphology and ages <strong>of</strong> zircon populations from the different<br />
types <strong>of</strong> granite. The new data help to precise timing <strong>of</strong> exhumation and deformation processes<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the SGM. In addition, they allow a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the final consolidation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
granulitic body.<br />
Pupin, J.-P. (1980): Zircon and Granite Petrology. – Contributions to Mineralogy and<br />
Petrology, 73: 207-220, Berlin, Heidelberg.<br />
Gottesmann, B. (1987): Petrographic studies <strong>of</strong> granite gneisses and granites from the<br />
Sächsisches Granulitgebirge. – In: H. Gerstenberger (Editor), Contributions to the Geology <strong>of</strong><br />
the Saxonian Granulite Massif (Sächsisches Granulitgebirge). ZfI-Mitt., 133: 309-337, Leipzig.<br />
8-7 BTH 7 Saki, Adel<br />
MIGMATITES MICROSTRUCTURES AND PARTIAL MELTING OF THE HAMADAN PELITES<br />
WITHIN THE ALVAND AUREOLE, WEST IRAN<br />
SAKI, Adel, Geology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran, adel_saki@scu.ac.ir and<br />
MOAZZEN, Mohssen, Geology Department, Natural Science Faculty, University <strong>of</strong> Tabriz,<br />
Bolvar 29 Bahman, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran<br />
Contact metamorphic migmatites comprise a substantial part <strong>of</strong> the high-grade part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Alvand aureole in the Hamadan, western Iran, which is dominated by Al-rich metasedimentary<br />
rocks and various granites. Migmatites consist <strong>of</strong> melanosomes <strong>with</strong> biotite+sillimanite+garnet<br />
+cordierite+spinel±orthopyroxene and leucosomes contain garnet, plagioclase and K-feldspar.<br />
Metamorphic grade throughout the area is in the upper pyroxene hornfels to lower sanidinite<br />
facies. Field evidence, petrographic observations, deduced reactions and P-T estimation<br />
suggest that intrusion <strong>of</strong> granitic magmas and concomitant partial melting <strong>of</strong> metasedimentary<br />
units were the main processes for the generation <strong>of</strong> the migmatites. The first appearance<br />
<strong>of</strong> orthopyroxene in these rocks marks the transition from upper pyroxene hornfels to lower<br />
sanidinite facies conditions. Peak metamorphism took place at 650-750°C and ~2-4 kbar<br />
(HT/LP) reflecting the high heat flow. This metamorphism is mainly controlled by advective heat<br />
input through magmatic intrusions into all levels <strong>of</strong> the crust. The Hamadan metamorphic rocks<br />
have experienced multiple episodes <strong>of</strong> metamorphism driven by burial and heating during arc<br />
construction and collision following subduction <strong>of</strong> a Neo Tethyan seaway. The oblique collision<br />
<strong>of</strong> Afro-Arabia (Gondwana) <strong>with</strong> the Iranian microcontinent in Late Cretaceous–early Tertiary<br />
formed the acr magmatism and related contact metamorphism. These events are associated<br />
<strong>with</strong> local partial melting at high grades, adjacent to the Alvand complex pluton.<br />
8-8 BTH 8 Lindenfeld, Michael<br />
LITHOSPHERIC RUPTURING AND MAGMATIC PROCESSES IN THE RWENZORI REGION,<br />
EAST AFRICAN RIFT<br />
LINDENFELD, Michael, RÜMPKER, Georg, WÖLBERN, Ingo, BATTE, Arthur, and<br />
SCHUMANN, Andreas, Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt,<br />
Altenhoeferallee 1, Frankfurt, 63322, Germany, lindenfeld@geophysik.uni-frankfurt.de<br />
The western branch <strong>of</strong> the East African Rift System is characterized by high seismic activity.<br />
Several seismological studies have shown that the depth distribution <strong>of</strong> earthquakes reaches<br />
down to the Moho. But there was no evidence for earthquakes beneath the crust so far. In<br />
the framework <strong>of</strong> the RiftLink project a local seismic network was deployed in the Rwenzori<br />
Mountains region to investigate the structure <strong>of</strong> the crust and mantle lithosphere. Seismogram<br />
recordings reveal more than 800 local events per month <strong>with</strong> maximum hypocentral depths<br />
reaching from 20 km beneath the rift valley up to 30 km below the eastern rift shoulder.<br />
Moho depths were determined by teleseismic receiver functions and prove that the majority<br />
<strong>of</strong> the located events indeed occur <strong>with</strong>in the crustal part <strong>of</strong> the lithosphere. Additionally,<br />
we detected a small group <strong>of</strong> earthquakes at depths between 53 and 60 km in the mantle.<br />
The epicentres are located NW <strong>of</strong> the Rwenzoris, in an area where the mountains are still<br />
connected to the eastern rift shoulder and where the northward propagating Lake George Rift<br />
is still in its early stage. We therefore conclude that the deep fracturing is caused by magmatic<br />
impregnation and dike intrusions in the mantle lithosphere. A careful relocation <strong>of</strong> the crustal<br />
events reveals several earthquake clusters in the same area. They are located in the middle<br />
crust and form pipe-like patterns <strong>with</strong> vertical extensions <strong>of</strong> 3 to 6 km. In several cases they<br />
exhibit a systematic migration <strong>of</strong> the earthquake hypocentres. These structures possibly are<br />
connected to magmatic feeding channels through the crust that originate from the heated<br />
and impregnated lithospheric mantle. Together <strong>with</strong> the detected deep earthquakes these<br />
observations may be indicative <strong>of</strong> rifting in its initial stage.<br />
8-9 BTH 9 Khorrami, Fateme<br />
ACTIVE TECTONICS OF ALBORZ MOUNTAIN USING CONTINUOUS GPS<br />
MEASUREMENTS<br />
KHORRAMI, Fateme, Geodynamics, National Cartographic Center (NCC), Tehran,<br />
13185-1684, Iran, ftm95_khrm@yahoo.com, HESSAMI, Khaled, International Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, 13185-1684, Iran, NANKALI,<br />
Hamid Reza, Geodesy and Geodynamics, National Cartographic Center (NCC), Tehran,<br />
13185-1684, Iran, and TAVAKOLI, Farokh, Surveying and Geodesy, National Cartographic<br />
Center (NCC), Tehran, 13185-1684, Iran<br />
We present the results <strong>of</strong> continuous GPS measurements to interpret present-day kinematic<br />
along and across northern Iran (i.e. the Alborz mountain range and northern part <strong>of</strong> Central<br />
Iranian Block (CIB)). In this study we calculate velocity field and geodetic strain rate <strong>of</strong> 30<br />
CGPS stations from 2005 to 2009 to indicate active deformation <strong>of</strong> the region. The obtained<br />
velocity field suggests that western and central part <strong>of</strong> the Alborz mountains accommodate the<br />
convergence between Arabia and Eurasia mainly through shortening at a rate <strong>of</strong> ~6 mm/yr and<br />
2 mm/yr left-lateral strike slip motion while the eastern Alborz accommodates the differential<br />
motion on either side <strong>of</strong> the range by left-lateral strike slip faults at ~5 mm/yr, as well as<br />
2 mm/yr shortening across the range. It can be deduced from the velocity vectors that main<br />
portion <strong>of</strong> the shortening (~70%) in the western and central Alborz is mainly taken up along the<br />
North Alborz and western Khazar faults. It is also evident from the site velocities that ~3 mm/yr<br />
shortening is occurring in CIB, i.e. ~1.5 mm/yr on northern side <strong>of</strong> CIB (along the Parchin-<br />
Pishva-Robatkarim faults) and ~1.5 mm/yr along the Tafresh fault. These observations strongly<br />
suggest that CIB is not a rigid block. Principal axes <strong>of</strong> geodetic strain-rate tensor show that<br />
mainly compressional deformation occurs in western Alborz while transpressional deformation<br />
is dominant in eastern Alborz. Strain rate decreases in south and south-western parts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
belt, as approaches the CIB. We also observe copmressional deformation in northern margin <strong>of</strong><br />
CIB. Finally, we indicate that the present-day kinematics <strong>of</strong> the Alborz mountains is consistent<br />
<strong>with</strong> geological evidence and active tectonics <strong>of</strong> the region.<br />
8-10 BTH 10 Leonhardt, Roman<br />
OBSERVING THE EARTH: THE CONRAD OBSERVATORY, AUSTRIA<br />
LEONHARDT, Roman, Conrad Observatory, Central Institute for Meteorology and<br />
Geodynamics, Hohe Warte 38, Wien 1190 Austria, roman.leonhardt@zamg.ac.at<br />
The Conrad Observatory is a state-<strong>of</strong>-the-art facility to monitor fundamental physical<br />
parameters <strong>of</strong> the Earth. It is named after the famous seismologist and climatologist Victor<br />
Munich, Germany A11<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 8<br />
Conrad (1876 - 1962), who worked at the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics<br />
in Vienna for many years. The observatory is located about 50 km SW <strong>of</strong> Vienna in a nature<br />
reserve, 1000 m above sea level. The region is characterized by exceptional low artificial and<br />
natural noise sources.<br />
The Conrad observatory is a unique facility in terms <strong>of</strong> instrumental setup, sensitivity and<br />
its broad range <strong>of</strong> geophysical applications. Its underground construction facilitates almost<br />
constant temperature. Among the geophysical disciplines represented in the observatory<br />
are seismology, gravity and geomagnetism. The present underground facilities at the Conrad<br />
observatory contain instruments to continuously monitor the first two disciplines. The latter<br />
discipline, geomagnetism, will be put into operation in 2012.<br />
The seismo-gravimetric part contains several seismometers <strong>of</strong> STS-2 type. Gravity<br />
observation is facilitated by a GWR SG superconducting gravimeter, which is routinely<br />
calibrated by an absolute gravimeter FG5. The geomagnetic observatory consists <strong>of</strong> a tunnel<br />
system <strong>with</strong> a cumulative length <strong>of</strong> 1 km. It will contain state-<strong>of</strong>-the-art equipment for research,<br />
development and observation. Continuous observations <strong>of</strong> geomagnetic field variations<br />
are conducted by several scalar potassium magnetometers and vectorial variometers. It is<br />
aimed to fulfil international standards on quality and stability <strong>with</strong>in minimal time. Due to the<br />
observatories setup, the development <strong>of</strong> new observation methods and systems can be studied<br />
<strong>with</strong>out disturbing long-term observations.<br />
8-11 BTH 11 H<strong>of</strong>mann, Florian<br />
THE EFFECT OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES ON THE STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF<br />
ANALOGUE COULOMB WEDGES<br />
HOFMANN, Florian1 , ROSENAU, Matthias2 , SCHREURS, Guido3 , and FRIEDRICH,<br />
Anke M. 1 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-<br />
University Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich, 80333, Germany, florian.h<strong>of</strong>mann42@<br />
gmail.com, (2) Lithosphere Dynamics, GFZ Postdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 10717,<br />
Germany, (3) Institute <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1, Bern,<br />
3012, Switzerland<br />
Analogue models are inherently handmade and reflect their creator’s shaping character. For<br />
example, sieving style in combination <strong>with</strong> grain geometry and distribution have been claimed<br />
to influence bulk material properties and the outcome <strong>of</strong> analogue experiments. Few studies<br />
exist that quantify these effects and here we aim at investigating the impact <strong>of</strong> bulk properties<br />
<strong>of</strong> granular materials on the structural development <strong>of</strong> convergent brittle wedges in analogue<br />
experiments. In a systematic fashion, natural sands as well as glass beads <strong>of</strong> different grain<br />
size and size distribution were sieved by different persons from different heights and the<br />
resulting bulk density was measured. A series <strong>of</strong> analogue experiments in both the push and<br />
pull setup were performed. The differences in the outcome <strong>of</strong> experiments were analyzed<br />
based on sidewall pictures and 3D laserscanning <strong>of</strong> the surface. A new high-resolution<br />
approach to measuring surface slope automatically is introduced and applied to the evaluation<br />
<strong>of</strong> images and pr<strong>of</strong>iles. This procedure is compared to manual methods <strong>of</strong> determining surface<br />
slope. The effect <strong>of</strong> sidewall friction was quantified by measuring lateral changes in surface<br />
slope. The resulting dataset is used to identify the main differences between pushed and<br />
pulled wedge experiments in the light <strong>of</strong> critical taper theory. The bulk density <strong>of</strong> granular<br />
material was found to be highly dependent on sieve height. Sieve heights <strong>of</strong> less than 50 cm<br />
produced a bulk density that was up to 10% less than the maximum bulk density; an effect<br />
equally shown for different people sieving the material. Glass beads were found to produce<br />
a more regular structure <strong>of</strong> in-sequence-thrusts in both, space and time, than sands while<br />
displaying less variability. Surface slope was found to be highly transient for pushed wedge<br />
experiments, whereas it reached and attained a stable value in pulled experiments. Pushed<br />
wedges are inferred to develop into a supercritical state because they exceed the theoretical<br />
critical surface slope by 5-15°. Since bulk density effects shear strength, different sieving styles<br />
could potentially alter the results <strong>of</strong> analogue models and must be taken into consideration<br />
when filling in material. Results from this study also show that only wedges in the pull setup are<br />
accurately described by critical taper theory.<br />
8-12 BTH 12 Wenk, Linda<br />
HOW DOES A VISCOUS LAYER AFFECT THE MECHANICS AND KINEMATICS OF<br />
ACCRETIONARY WEDGES?<br />
WENK, Linda and HUHN, Katrin, University <strong>of</strong> Bremen, MARUM - Center <strong>of</strong> Marine<br />
Environmental Science, Leobener Straße, Bremen, 28359, Germany, lwenk@marum.de<br />
The mechanics <strong>of</strong> accretionary wedges depend on the physical properties <strong>of</strong> its basal<br />
detachment or the so-called décollement. Several numerical and analogue studies already<br />
revealed the key role <strong>of</strong> the strength <strong>of</strong> the basal detachment as a major controlling factor.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> them assume a brittle Mohr-Coulomb rheology for the potential basal detachment<br />
(e.g. Mulugeta, 1988, Burbidge et al., 2002).<br />
In some cases décollements are generated in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> viscous salt layers, e.g. at the<br />
Hellenic subduction zone in the eastern Mediterranean. Here the accretionary wedge – the<br />
Mediterranean Ridge, is partly underlying by large evaporite horizons which correlate <strong>with</strong> a<br />
shallow décollement responsible for evolution <strong>of</strong> the outer prism.<br />
Hence, major aim <strong>of</strong> this study is to verify the influence <strong>of</strong> an embedded viscous layer on the<br />
mechanics <strong>of</strong> evolving wedges. An extensive parameter sensitivity study varying the viscosity<br />
will enable us to investigate does and how does this parameter control wedge geometry,<br />
accretion mode, fault geometry, mass transport pattern and the location <strong>of</strong> the detachment.<br />
We develop 2D numerical ‘sandbox’ model utilizing the Discrete Element Method to simulate<br />
the deformation behaviour <strong>of</strong> accretionary wedges. A mechanically weaker viscous layer based<br />
on the Burger’s Model is embedded in the brittle undeformed ‘sediments’. This viscous rheology<br />
describes the creep behaviour <strong>of</strong> natural rocks. We tested different viscosity values from 5*1016 to 1*1018 Pas to quantify their influence on the wedge kinematics and the development <strong>of</strong> the<br />
detachment.<br />
Within all experiments at least two active detachments develop at different depth generating<br />
a down-steeping décollement. So, a temporary decoupling <strong>of</strong> the viscous layer from the<br />
underlying or overlying brittle strata takes place.<br />
References<br />
Burbidge, D. R., Braun, J., 2002. Numerical models <strong>of</strong> the evolution <strong>of</strong> accretionary wedges<br />
using the distinct element method. Geophys. J. Int., 148, 542-561.<br />
Mulugeta, G., 1988. Modelling the geometry <strong>of</strong> Coulomb thrust wedges. J. Struct. Geol. 10,<br />
847-859.<br />
8-13 BTH 13 Ademeso, Odunyemi Anthony<br />
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PETROGRAPHY AND UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH<br />
OF SOME CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT COMPLEX ROCKS OF SOME AREAS IN<br />
SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA<br />
ADEMESO, Odunyemi Anthony, Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, Adekunle Ajasin University,<br />
Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, 234034, Nigeria, tonyademeso@gmail.com and ADEKOYA,<br />
Adeyinka John, Department <strong>of</strong> Applied Geology, Federal University <strong>of</strong> Technology, Akure,<br />
234034, Nigeria<br />
The petrography and uniaxial compressive strength <strong>of</strong> six crystalline basement complex rocks<br />
<strong>of</strong> Akure and Igarra areas were studied, analyzed and correlated. The outcrops <strong>of</strong> porphyritic<br />
A12 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
biotite granite, biotite granite and lamprophyre (in Igarra) as well as gneiss, granite gneiss and<br />
charnockitic rocks (in Akure) were examined and sampled.<br />
Thin sections were prepared from the samples and investigated for the petrographic<br />
characteristics. Photomicrographs were taken and analyzed <strong>with</strong> the aid <strong>of</strong> “ImageJ”. The UCS<br />
<strong>of</strong> the rock types was determined <strong>with</strong> aid <strong>of</strong> Instron Universal tester “3369”. The Schmidt<br />
rebound hammer was also used to estimate the UCS.<br />
The average modal compositions <strong>of</strong> the major minerals range from 16 to 29% (quartz),<br />
19 to 36% (plagioclase), 5 to 41% (biotite) and 4 to 37% (microcline). The petrography further<br />
showed that some <strong>of</strong> the rocks types particularly charnockitic rocks possessed micro-structures<br />
(micro-cracks, bent lamellae, distorted/deformed twinning and undulose extinction). The<br />
UCS <strong>of</strong> the rock types are 171MPa (lamprophyre), 149MPa (granite gneiss), 117MPa (biotite<br />
granite), 101MPa (gneiss), 82MPa (charnockitic rocks) and 56MPa (porphyritic biotite granite).<br />
The correlation coefficient (r) <strong>of</strong> the relationship between the mineral content and the UCS<br />
evaluated the highest value <strong>of</strong> 0.6229 for quartz.<br />
Textural and micro-structural characteristics <strong>of</strong> the rock types were discovered to have more<br />
influence on the UCS <strong>of</strong> the rocks than the mineral content.<br />
8-14 BTH 14 Tong, Hengmao<br />
APPLYING REACTIVATION TENDENCY ANALYSIS THEORY AND MOHR-SPACE<br />
TO EVALUATE STRENGTH DECREASE AND ANISOTROPIES WITH PRE-EXISTING<br />
WEAKNESS(ES) UNDER UNIFORM STRESS STATE<br />
TONG, Hengmao, State Key Laboratory <strong>of</strong> Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Petroleum, Beijing 102249 China, tonghm@cup.edu.cn<br />
Understanding the mechanical controls on shear strength decrease due to preexisting<br />
weakness is a fundamental problem in tectonic studies. In this study, applying Reactivation<br />
Tendency Analysis theory, we developed a theoretical framework and defined Shear-strength<br />
Coefficient (f ) for evaluating the shear strength decrease and anisotropies due to preexisting<br />
d<br />
weakness(es). Our analysis overcomes the restrictions <strong>of</strong> the early work that assumes the<br />
weakness plane containing the intermediate stress (σ ) and vertical or horizontal orientations<br />
2<br />
<strong>of</strong> principal stresses. Using a coordination transformation, we developed a new graphical<br />
technique (Mohr-space), which may be much easier to understand than that <strong>of</strong> equations for<br />
most geologists, to predict the shear strength decrease and anisotropies caused by preexisting<br />
weakness(es). Applying Mohr-space, we build quantitative and intuitive relationship between<br />
Shear-strength Coefficient (f ) and weakness relative-orientation (q ‘, φ’), weakness mechanical<br />
d<br />
properties (C and μ ) and relative σ in any uniform tri-axial stress state. The results <strong>of</strong><br />
w w 2<br />
theoretical analysis show that (1) Weakness relative-orientation (q ‘, φ’), which is determined<br />
jointly by orientations <strong>of</strong> weakness and three axes <strong>of</strong> principal stress, is the predominant factor<br />
to lead shear strength anisotropies. (2) Weakness mechanical properties (C and μ ) are the<br />
w w<br />
predominant factors to lead shear strength decrease. (3) The affection <strong>of</strong> relative σ to shear<br />
2<br />
strength is a little complicated, and is related to θ’ and φ’, particularly φ’. The change <strong>of</strong> σ2 should also not be ignored in the evaluation <strong>of</strong> shear strength decrease due to the pre-existing<br />
weakness.<br />
In a region <strong>with</strong> a progressive increase in the magnitude <strong>of</strong> differential stresses while<br />
the directions <strong>of</strong> the principal stresses maintain the same and <strong>with</strong> multiple pre-existing<br />
weaknesses, we can also get that multiple phases <strong>of</strong> fault initiation <strong>with</strong> different trends can be<br />
generated <strong>with</strong> predicted sequence according to their Shear–strength coefficient (from small to<br />
large). It was verified by a simple sandbox experiment. Our work provides critical information on<br />
the mechanical properties <strong>of</strong> deforming lithosphere.<br />
SESSION NO. 9, 08:30<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T2B. Multi-scale Sedimentary Basin Dynamics<br />
(Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
9-1 BTH 19 Gärtner, Andreas<br />
HIGH RESOLUTION ZIRCON PROVENANCE ANALYSIS COMPILED FROM RECENT<br />
RIVER SANDS<br />
GÄRTNER, Andreas1 , SAGAWE, Anja1 , HOFMANN, Mandy1 , KLEBER, Arno2 , ULLRICH,<br />
Bernd3 , and LINNEMANN, Ulf1 , (1) Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen<br />
Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Sektion Geochronologie, Königsbrücker<br />
Landstraße 159, Dresden, 01109, Germany, andreas.gaertner@senckenberg.de, (2) TU-<br />
Dresden, Institut für Geographie, Helmholtzstr. 10, Dresden, 01062, Germany, (3) TU-<br />
Dresden, Institut für Geotechnik, George-Bähr-Str.1, Dresden, 01069, Germany<br />
Geochronological investigations <strong>of</strong> zircons from recent river sands are a common method<br />
in provenance analysis. Thus, it has been used for this study and was supplemented<br />
by morphological investigations, which allow to precise the source area <strong>of</strong> zircons <strong>with</strong><br />
similar ages.<br />
Beneath others, we investigated the Elbe River <strong>with</strong>in a length <strong>of</strong> 500 km. The geological<br />
setting <strong>of</strong> its catchment area is multifaceted and well known. Accordingly it is suitable to trace<br />
back most <strong>of</strong> the zircon populations.<br />
Up to now ca. 2.000 zircon grains <strong>of</strong> four samples have been analysed. EDX measurements<br />
<strong>of</strong> inclusions, BSE and CL pictures required a SEM. Crystal morphology was determined<br />
referring to the diagram <strong>of</strong> Pupin (1980). Elongation, rounding and grain surface microtexture<br />
have also been investigated and classified. U-Pb and Th-U ratio measurements were<br />
performed by LA-SF-ICP-MS. Received data allowed the calculation <strong>of</strong> absolute ages and gave<br />
hints to the source <strong>of</strong> the magma the zircon formation took place (Wang et al. 2011).<br />
Combining these methods we are now able to narrow down the source area <strong>of</strong> some special<br />
zircon populations to one locality and to a defined region for frequently occurring populations.<br />
Further observations show variations in the percentage <strong>of</strong> different crystal morphologies<br />
between Baltica and Gondwana. Finally we found different surface microtextures <strong>of</strong> grains from<br />
areas influenced by pleistocene glaciations compared to those which are unaffected.<br />
Literature:<br />
Pupin, J. P. (1980): Zircon and granite petrology. - Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 73: 207-220.<br />
Wang, X., Williams, L. G., Chen, J., Huang, P. & Li, X. (2011): U and Th Contents <strong>of</strong> Zircon<br />
in Felsic and Mafic Rocks: Improved Zircon-Melt Distribution Coefficients. – Acta Geologica<br />
Sinica, 85: 164-174.
9-2 BTH 20 Flament, Nicolas E.<br />
MODELING THE EFFECT OF MANTLE DYNAMICS ON THE TOTAL TECTONIC<br />
SUBSIDENCE OF RIFTED PASSIVE MARGINS<br />
FLAMENT, Nicolas E., Earthbyte Group, School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, The University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Bdg F09, Rm416, Eastern Avenue, Sydney, 2006, Australia,<br />
nicolas.flament@sydney.edu.au, GURNIS, Michael, Seismological Laboratory,<br />
California Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 9125, and<br />
MÜLLER, R. Dietmar, School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09,<br />
Sydney, 2006, Australia<br />
The effect <strong>of</strong> mantle convection on surface topography, called dynamic topography, has been<br />
the subject <strong>of</strong> considerable interest over the past few years. Here we focus on the contribution<br />
<strong>of</strong> mantle dynamics to the total tectonic subsidence at passive margins. We use an established<br />
workflow that consists <strong>of</strong> imposing kinematics from tectonic reconstructions in global mantle<br />
convection models. However, we now use tectonic reconstructions that account for continental<br />
deformation, notably at passive margins (see for example the abstract by Flament et al.,<br />
session T2D, this conference). To model lithospheric extension, we embed compositionally<br />
distinct continental crust and lithosphere <strong>with</strong>in the thermal lithosphere. Two methods are<br />
commonly used to solve the compositional field in convection models (Tackley and King, G 3 ,<br />
2003). In the “absolute” method, the composition is proportional to the local number <strong>of</strong> tracers.<br />
The strength <strong>of</strong> this method is to minimize the number <strong>of</strong> tracers and memory. However,<br />
the method results in statistical noise that prevents the quantification <strong>of</strong> surface dynamic<br />
topography. In the “ratio” method, all the elements <strong>of</strong> the models contain a given number <strong>of</strong><br />
“regular” or “distinct” tracers and the composition is proportional to the number <strong>of</strong> “distinct”<br />
tracers. While this method minimizes statistical noise, it requires large amounts <strong>of</strong> memory for<br />
high-resolution global models. We introduce a “hybrid” method in which the continental crust<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> positively buoyant tracers underlain by a layer <strong>of</strong> “regular” tracers. The composition<br />
is proportional to the density <strong>of</strong> “distinct” tracers where tracers are defined, and “regular”<br />
elsewhere. This method minimizes both statistical noise and computational cost. This allows us<br />
to model the evolution <strong>of</strong> tectonic subsidence at passive margins in large-scale, high-resolution<br />
models. We investigate the respective contribution <strong>of</strong> mantle flow and lithospheric stretching on<br />
the total tectonic subsidence <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic passive margins.<br />
9-3 BTH 21 Heine, Christian<br />
TESTING MODELS FOR THE PRE-RIFT CONFIGURATION OF AUSTRALIA AND<br />
ANTARCTICA<br />
WILLIAMS, Simon E., WHITTAKER, Joanne M., MÜLLER, Dietmar, and HEINE, Christian,<br />
School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09, Sydney, 2006, Australia,<br />
Christian.Heine@sydney.edu.au<br />
Uncertainty surrounds the pre-rift configuration and early rifting history between Australia and<br />
Antarctica, and hence the evolution <strong>of</strong> sedimentary basins along each <strong>of</strong> these margins. The<br />
plate boundary system during the Cretaceous includes the evolving Kerguelen-Broken Ridge<br />
Large Igneous Province in the west as well as the conjugate passive and transform margin<br />
segments <strong>of</strong> the Australian and Antarctic continents. Previous reconstruction models have<br />
highlighted the difficulty in satisfying all the available observations <strong>with</strong>in a single coherent<br />
reconstruction history. We investigate a range <strong>of</strong> scenarios for the early rifting history <strong>of</strong> these<br />
plates in the light <strong>of</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> geological and geophysical constraints. Potential field data are<br />
used to define the boundaries <strong>of</strong> stretched continental crust on a regional scale. Integrating<br />
crustal thickness along tectonic flowlines provides an estimate <strong>of</strong> the pre-rift location <strong>of</strong> the<br />
continental plate boundary. We then use the pre-rift plate boundary positions to compute<br />
‘full-fit’ poles <strong>of</strong> rotation for Australia relative to Antarctica. Our workflow integrates kinematic<br />
constraints from restoration <strong>of</strong> extended continental crust <strong>with</strong> additional constraints from<br />
geological structures and large igneous provinces <strong>with</strong>in the same Australian and Antarctic<br />
plate system. We test alternative reconstruction scenarios by emphasising different constraints<br />
in order to develop a model that best conforms to the available geological observations. Our<br />
preferred model implies that the Leeuwin and Vincennes Fracture Zones are conjugate features<br />
<strong>with</strong>in Gondwana, but that the direction <strong>of</strong> initial opening between Australia and Antarctica<br />
does not follow the orientation <strong>of</strong> these features – rather, these features are likely related to the<br />
earlier rifting <strong>of</strong> India away from Australia-Antarctica. Previous full-fit reconstructions, based<br />
on qualitative estimates <strong>of</strong> continental margin overlaps, generally yield a tighter fit than our<br />
preferred reconstruction based on palinspastic restoration.<br />
9-4 BTH 22 Engelbrecht, Hubert<br />
LATE PALAEOZOIC SEDIMENTARY BASIN FORMATION AND INVERSION IN<br />
TUSCANY, ITALY<br />
ENGELBRECHT, Hubert, Heßstraße 96, Munich 80797 Germany, hubertengelbrecht@<br />
umweltgeol-he.de<br />
Relics <strong>of</strong> late Palaeozoic marine basin fragments form constituents <strong>of</strong> the Mid Tuscan Ridge,<br />
an arcuate belt consisting <strong>of</strong> discretely uplifted, low to medium grade metamorphic core<br />
complexes, present at the external margin <strong>of</strong> the North Tyrrhenian backarc basin. Details <strong>of</strong> the<br />
complex Alpine deformation history <strong>of</strong> these Late Palaeozoic basin fragments - starting <strong>with</strong><br />
Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous passive margin subsidence, Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary<br />
subduction related tectonic burial, east vergent accretion at and obduction as constituents<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Northern Apennines fold-and-thrust belt onto the continental margin <strong>of</strong> the Adriatic<br />
Microplate, Middle to Late Tertiary exhumation from mid-crustal level and finally Late Tertiary to<br />
Quarternary segmentation <strong>of</strong> the belt - are given in Bonciani et al. ( Boll. Soc. Geol. It. 3: 103-<br />
118; 2005) and Engelbrecht (Geol. J. 43: 279-305; 2008).<br />
In an early M-Jurassic palaeotectonic reconstruction <strong>of</strong> the W-Mediterranean area, Roeder<br />
& Scandone (In: A continent revealed. Eds.: Blundell et al. 1992: 213-214) point out that Late<br />
Hercynian extensional structures influenced style and development <strong>of</strong> the subsequent Alpine<br />
oroclines. According to own studies, it is postulated that second-order sequence stratigraphic<br />
cycles <strong>of</strong> Tuscan late Palaeozoic units deposited in an extensional or transtensional setting<br />
(Basin Res. 23/3: 257-290; 2011) - probably in a pre-Ligurian failed rift, situated between the<br />
mainlands Corsosardinia (NW) and African Promontory (SE) - , which developed by gravitative<br />
collapse <strong>of</strong> the thickened Palaeoadriatic wedge at the South Hercynian suture.<br />
The Tuscan Late Palaeozoic units start <strong>with</strong> condensed, dysoxic pelagites <strong>of</strong> a starved,<br />
moderately deep basin <strong>of</strong> Devonian to early Carboniferous age. Subsequent to partial basin<br />
inversion in the Tournaisian, the units above developed as Middle to Late Carboniferous<br />
downlapping highstand systems tracts consisting <strong>of</strong> thick, predominantly siliciclastic shelf,<br />
slope and basin margin sediments, which indicate a proximality trend towards NW. During the<br />
Permian, the units were overlain by <strong>of</strong>flapping inner shelf - littoral siliciclastics. Late Permian to<br />
Middle Triassic tectonic uplift caused basin inversion, subaerial exposure <strong>of</strong> upper parts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
basin fill and deposition <strong>of</strong> the terrestrial Verrucano Group at the base <strong>of</strong> the Alpine cycle.<br />
SESSION NO. 9<br />
9-5 BTH 23 Blanc, Eric J.-P.<br />
OCEANIC RIDGE-ARC COLLISION AS A TRIGGER FOR ACTIVE MARGIN<br />
CONTINENTAL GROWTH: EVIDENCES FOR THE SAKHALIN REGION AND SEA OF<br />
OKHOTSK, EASTERN RUSSIA<br />
BLANC, Eric J.-P., Exploration Excellence, Statoil ASA, Drammensveien 264, Oslo,<br />
0240, Norway, ebla@statoil.com and HEINE, Christian, School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, The<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, 2006, Australia<br />
We present here a new model on the Late Cretaceous-Tertiary tectonic evolution <strong>of</strong> Sakhalin<br />
and the NW Pacific region. This model is based on field observations on the geological<br />
structure <strong>of</strong> Sakhalin and a review <strong>of</strong> geophysical and geological data on the Sea <strong>of</strong> Okhotsk<br />
region. A structural and kinematic analysis complemented by detailed and regional cross<br />
sections across Central Sakhalin and northern Sakhalin provides new insights into the tectonic<br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> the NW Pacific region. In this model, it is suggested that the Sea <strong>of</strong> Okhotsk,<br />
north <strong>of</strong> the Kuril Basin, is formed by continental crust, younging to the south from latest<br />
Cretaceous ages to Cenozoic ages. This crust is interpreted as the result <strong>of</strong> the growth <strong>of</strong> NW<br />
Pacific Magmatic Arcs and the southeasterward expansion <strong>of</strong> the Sea <strong>of</strong> Okhotsk following<br />
a 40° counter-clockwise rotation <strong>of</strong> the Sikhote Alin Magmatic Arc and Sakhalin during the<br />
Late Cretaceous and Early to Mid Paleogene. The eastern flank <strong>of</strong> Sakhalin is considered as<br />
a dextral transform boundary between the eastern edge <strong>of</strong> Eurasia and the south-easterly<br />
growing Sea <strong>of</strong> Okhotsk crust. During the Neogene, narrow transtensional basins were created<br />
and parts <strong>of</strong> SE Sakhalin and Central Hokkaido were progressively isolated from the proto-Kuril<br />
accretion wedge. Since the Pliocene, convergence between the Eurasian Plate and the North<br />
<strong>America</strong>n Plate, to which the Sea <strong>of</strong> Okhotsk belongs, induced uplift <strong>of</strong> Sakhalin Mountains<br />
and the growth <strong>of</strong> giant N-S trending detachment anticlines currently exploited and explored for<br />
hydrocarbons in the north Sakhalin Basin.<br />
9-6 BTH 24 Arfai, Jashar<br />
SEISMIC INTERPRETATION OF THE DEEP SUB-SURFACE OF THE NORTHWESTERN<br />
GERMAN NORTH SEA<br />
ARFAI, Jashar, JÄHNE, Fabian, THÖLE, Hauke, and LUTZ, Rüdiger, Federal Institute for<br />
Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany,<br />
Jashar.Arfai@bgr.de<br />
Within the framework <strong>of</strong> the GPDN project (www.geopotenzial-nordsee.de) a detailed seismic<br />
mapping project has been carried out in the northwestern <strong>of</strong>fshore part <strong>of</strong> the German North<br />
Sea sector, the so called „Duck`s Beak”. Until now no detailed geological interpretation is<br />
published for this area. Former studies <strong>of</strong> the deeper underground by Baldschuhn et al. (2001)<br />
cover only the central part <strong>of</strong> the German North Sea.<br />
The interpretation <strong>of</strong> new 2D and 3D seismic surveys in the „Duck`s Beak”, in combination<br />
<strong>with</strong> stratigraphic and geophysical well data, allows a detailed mapping <strong>of</strong> seismic horizons<br />
and a characterization <strong>of</strong> their lithological and stratigraphical expressions. We interpret the<br />
same seismic horizons, <strong>with</strong> a few exceptions, previously interpreted in the Geotectonic Atlas<br />
<strong>of</strong> Northwest Germany (Baldschuhn et al., 2001). In addition to this the prominent Rotliegend<br />
horizons Ro2 and Ro1 will be analysed.<br />
Based on the mapped horizons structural elements can be delineated, isopach maps are<br />
calculated which provide important information for further sedimentological or structural<br />
studies. The Mid Miocene unconformity (MMU) reflects the base <strong>of</strong> a dominant downlapping<br />
sequence in the North Sea Basin and reaches from 200 ms to 1540 ms (TWT). Our seismic<br />
interpretation reveals a generally NW dipping surface. The downlap sequence above the MMU<br />
comprises sediments <strong>of</strong> the Late Cenoizoic Eridanos Delta. The base <strong>of</strong> the Paleocene reaches<br />
from approximately 880 ms to 2840 ms (TWT). The maximal vertical time thickness from the<br />
base <strong>of</strong> the Paleocene to the MMU is about 1400 ms (TWT). The base <strong>of</strong> the Paleocene is<br />
pierced by several salt diapirs. Above this unit, the Mid Miocene unconformity is generally<br />
uplifted by halokinetic movements but only pierced by diapirs in a few cases. The structural<br />
geometry <strong>of</strong> the Neogene in the northwestern German <strong>of</strong>fshore is characterised by crestal<br />
graben structures above elongated diapirs and salt intruded fault zones.<br />
Baldschuhn, R., et al. (2001). Geotektonischer Atlas von Nordwestdeutschland und dem<br />
deutschen Nordsee-Sektor - Strukturen, Strukturentwicklung, Paläogeographie. Geologisches<br />
Jahrbuch, A 153: 3-95.<br />
9-7 BTH 25 Jähne, Fabian<br />
STRUCTURAL BALANCING OF THE LOWER SAXONY BASIN AND THE SOUTHERN<br />
BORDER OF THE NORTHWEST GERMAN BASIN<br />
JÄHNE, Fabian, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR),<br />
Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany, Fabian.Jaehne@bgr.de and KLEY, Jonas,<br />
Institute for Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität (FSU Jena), Burgweg 11, Jena,<br />
07749, Germany<br />
We have determined the amount <strong>of</strong> Late Cretaceous shortening in the Lower Saxony<br />
Basin (LSB) and along its southern border from geologic cross sections which are part <strong>of</strong><br />
the Geotectonic Atlas <strong>of</strong> Northwest Germany (Baldschuhn et al. 2001). Several balancing<br />
techniques were used for cross section construction, but the focus was on line (bed) length<br />
balancing. In the LSB most <strong>of</strong> the NNE to NE contraction during the Late Cretaceous is<br />
accommodated by inversion <strong>of</strong> Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous grabens. In the case <strong>of</strong><br />
the Osning fault zone, it has resulted in the partial inversion <strong>of</strong> Triassic to Jurassic structures<br />
and creation <strong>of</strong> a basement flexure. The deformation <strong>of</strong> the LSB comprises both thick-skinned<br />
and thin-skinned structural styles. The activation <strong>of</strong> detachment horizons in salt formations <strong>of</strong><br />
the Zechstein and Upper Buntsandstein decoupled the deformation at different levels and had<br />
a major influence on the structural geometries in the suprasalt Mesozoic strata. The structural<br />
inversion <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten deeply eroded graben structures <strong>with</strong> no or small fault <strong>of</strong>fsets in the subsalt<br />
strata, the thin-skinned deformation and the complex halotectonic evolution <strong>of</strong> the LSB are the<br />
greatest obstacles to the construction <strong>of</strong> self-consistent, balanced structural cross-sections. By<br />
comparing the spatial distribution and amounts <strong>of</strong> contraction along a grid <strong>of</strong> balanced cross<br />
sections in map view, the limitations <strong>of</strong> structurally balancing single cross-sections in complex<br />
settings like the LSB become apparent and it is easier to build a balanced model which fits the<br />
regional amount and distribution <strong>of</strong> deformation. The results <strong>of</strong> the present structural balancing<br />
study indicate maximum shortening <strong>of</strong> 14-18 km in NE-SW direction along a transect through<br />
the LSB from the Münsterland basin to the Pompeckj block in the north <strong>of</strong> the LSB during the<br />
Late Cretaceous compression event.<br />
Baldschuhn, R., et al. (2001). Geotektonischer Atlas von Nordwestdeutschland und dem<br />
deutschen Nordsee-Sektor - Strukturen, Strukturentwicklung, Paläogeographie. Geologisches<br />
Jahrbuch, A 153: 3-95.<br />
9-8 BTH 26 Nitsch, Edgar<br />
MULTI-SCALE SUBSIDENCE VARIABILITY AND BASEMENT HERITAGE IN<br />
EPICONTINENTAL BASINS – CASE STUDIES FROM THE MESOZOIC OF SOUTH-<br />
WESTERN GERMANY<br />
NITSCH, Edgar, RUPF, Isabel, and FRANZ, Matthias, Landesamt für Geologie,<br />
Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe und Bergbau, RP Freiburg, Albertstr. 5, Freiburg i. Br, 79095, Germany,<br />
Edgar.Nitsch@rpf.bwl.de<br />
Isopach maps <strong>of</strong> large epicontinental basins typically show complex patterns <strong>of</strong> dispersed<br />
local to regional depocentres and intrabasinal swells. Differential subsidence <strong>with</strong>in the basin<br />
Munich, Germany A13<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 9<br />
is closely coupled <strong>with</strong> facies distribution <strong>of</strong> marine or nonmarine deposits, the geometry<br />
<strong>of</strong> regional unconformities and drainage patterns <strong>of</strong> syndepositional fluvial systems. It has<br />
direct impact on the regional distribution <strong>of</strong> today’s geopotentials <strong>of</strong> these deposits, e. g. for<br />
hydrocarbon exploration, mineral water resources, CO 2 sequestration, or industrial minerals.<br />
During the last years, the <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Baden-Wuerttemberg (Germany) has improved<br />
the resolution <strong>of</strong> 3D modeling on a regional scale. From this modeling a consistent set <strong>of</strong><br />
isopach maps and cross sections has been derived.<br />
The lateral scale <strong>of</strong> the thickness variations in Late Permian to late Jurassic epicontinental<br />
sediments ranges from local sinks and uplifts only a few kilometres across to intrabasinal<br />
zones <strong>of</strong> retarded or increased subsidence 10 - 100 km wide. Their position and orientation<br />
has remained stable over most <strong>of</strong> the studied time span, i. e., for more than 100 Ma, but<br />
variations in subsidence rates were not in phase at different locations. Temporal variations <strong>of</strong><br />
differential subsidence between neighbouring locations range in scale from relatively short<br />
local subsidence pulses <strong>with</strong>in single 100 ka or 400 ka depositional cycles to long-term spatial<br />
trends <strong>of</strong> thickness gradients over several biostratigraphic zones and even stages. Yet, temporal<br />
variability and spatial differentiation <strong>of</strong> these isopach anomalies and larger subsidence<br />
structures are not in accordance <strong>with</strong> simple thermal subsidence after an initial basin-forming<br />
tectonic event. We interpret these isopach structures as near-surface reflection <strong>of</strong> slow but<br />
ongoing shear along older, large-scale basement shear zones. The relevance <strong>of</strong> this long<br />
intracontinental deformation to paleogeographic reconstruction <strong>of</strong> plate boundaries and outlines<br />
has yet to be investigated.<br />
9-9 BTH 27 Nitsch, Edgar<br />
CLIMATIC VS. TECTONIC CONTROL ON FACIES AND SALINITY CHANGES IN AN EOCENE<br />
RIFT LAKE, UPPER RHINE GRABEN, CENTRAL EUROPE<br />
NITSCH, Edgar1 , WIELANDT-SCHUSTER, Ulrike1 , RUPF, Isabel1 , and BECCALETTO,<br />
Laurent2 , (1) Landesamt für Geologie, Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe und Bergbau, RP Freiburg, Albertstr. 5,<br />
Freiburg i. Br, 79095, Germany, Edgar.Nitsch@rpf.bwl.de, (2) Geology Division, BRGM-<br />
French <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, 3 av. Cl. Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France<br />
The Upper Rhine Graben (URG) is a complex rift and wrench basin about 300 km long, 35 to<br />
50 km wide and filled <strong>with</strong> up to 3500 m <strong>of</strong> Eocene to Quaternary sediments. Middle to Late<br />
Eocene lacustrine and saline deposits cover an area <strong>of</strong> c. 7500 km² <strong>of</strong> the central and southern<br />
segment <strong>of</strong> the URG. Thicknesses vary from a few metres <strong>of</strong> palustrine limestone to more<br />
than 1000 m <strong>of</strong> halite-bearing marls. Lith<strong>of</strong>acies associations include bedded halite-bituminous<br />
marl alternations <strong>with</strong> salic paleosols, laminated marls <strong>with</strong> poor freshwater fauna, partly <strong>with</strong><br />
intercalated paleosol horizons, poorly bedded marls <strong>with</strong> paleosols and sandstone beds, and<br />
palustrine limestone <strong>with</strong> pisolites and freshwater gastropods. A marginal facies belt <strong>of</strong> cyclic<br />
channelized alluvial conglomerates, sandstones and rooted overbank mudstones is typically<br />
only a few kilometres wide and rapidly replaced by block conglomerates <strong>of</strong> steeply sloped fandelta<br />
deposits close to the rift margins.<br />
There is a first-order shift <strong>of</strong> facies boundaries in the Eocene succession, indicating rapid<br />
transgressive drowning <strong>of</strong> the internal parts <strong>of</strong> the basin in the Lutetian and successive<br />
progradation <strong>of</strong> fluviolacustrine environments during the Priabonian. Paleosol facies and fossil<br />
content do not show significant changes in the overall climate regime over this transgressiveregressive<br />
cycle, spanning almost 10 Ma. Thus, we attribute this first-order cycle trend mainly<br />
to early syn-rift tectonics creating accommodation space and its subsequent autocyclic fill-up.<br />
In any <strong>of</strong> these facies there is evidence for high-frequency cyclic variations in lake level<br />
and salinity, e. g. by alternations <strong>of</strong> halite deposits and fossiliferous freshwater marls,<br />
recurring pedogenic overprint on laminated hypolimnion deposits, and subaqueous green<br />
clay intercalations <strong>with</strong>in successions <strong>of</strong> palustrine carbonates. They suggest rapid lake level<br />
oscillations between deep freshwater lake phases and intense droughts, reducing the openwater<br />
surface to a small and shallow salt lake in the deepest parts <strong>of</strong> the Graben. The time<br />
scale <strong>of</strong> these oscillations is poorly constrained. According to the maturity <strong>of</strong> the paleosols, time<br />
intervals seem to represent cycles well <strong>with</strong>in the Milankovich frequency band, i. e., 104 to 105 yr, and thus suggest a climatic control on these small-scale cycles.<br />
9-10 BTH 28 Bebiolka, Anke<br />
CHARACTERISTICS OF UPPER PALEOZOIC AND MESOZOIC SEDIMENTS AS DEPICTED<br />
FROM BOREHOLE EVIDENCE IN THE GERMAN NORTH SEA BASIN<br />
BEBIOLKA, Anke, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2,<br />
Hannover, 30655, Germany, anke.bebiolka@bgr.de and KUHLMANN, Gesa, Federal<br />
Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Branch <strong>of</strong>fice Berlin, Wilhelmstr. 25-30,<br />
Berlin, 13593, Germany<br />
The joint research project “Geopotential <strong>of</strong> the German North Sea” (GPDN) determine and<br />
supply geological basic information <strong>with</strong> regard to a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the deeper<br />
underground and its potential usage. Based on available maps from Baldschuhn et al. (2001)<br />
together <strong>with</strong> the first mapping <strong>of</strong> the northwest part <strong>of</strong> the German North Sea, a geological<br />
3D model is constructed <strong>with</strong>in the project that serves as framework for a 3D facies model. The<br />
aim <strong>of</strong> our study will be the elaboration <strong>of</strong> a 3D facies model to gain a better understandig <strong>of</strong><br />
the spatial distribution <strong>of</strong> reservoir and seal rocks in different stratigraphic levels in the deeper<br />
subsurface.<br />
As a first step, we selected a suite <strong>of</strong> boreholes from the eastern part <strong>of</strong> the German North<br />
Sea that comprise Permian and Mesozoic formations to construct 2D pr<strong>of</strong>iles through the<br />
study area. For stratigraphic correlation we use markers that include both, information from<br />
well descriptions and seismic interpretation. Furthermore, we show the reconstruction and<br />
interpretation <strong>of</strong> the lithology based on cuttings and core descriptions as well as other available<br />
data like geophysical logs (GR and Sonic).<br />
The selected cross section runs from NE to SW from the Westschleswig Block to the border<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Netherlands. The basis <strong>of</strong> the Upper Rotliegend formation as the deepest existing<br />
stratigraphic marker in the wells is located at depths between 4000 and 5200 m. Jurassic<br />
sediments are missing throughout the section. The greatest variation <strong>of</strong> thickness can be<br />
observed in the Upper Rotliegend, Zechstein and in the Keuper deposits. Based on the<br />
situation in the centre <strong>of</strong> the Southern Permian Basin the facies differs considerably in time and<br />
only in minor part in the stratigraphic extent.<br />
Baldschuhn, R., Binot, F., Fleig, S. & Kockel, F. (2001): Tectonic Atlas <strong>of</strong> Northwest Germany<br />
and the German North Sea Sector. – Geol. Jb., A 153, Hannover.<br />
9-11 BTH 29 Thöle, Hauke<br />
LATE CENOZOIC DELTA DEPOSITION IN THE GERMAN NORTH SEA<br />
THÖLE, Hauke1 , REINHARDT, Lutz1 , and KUHLMANN, Gesa2 , (1) Federal Institute for<br />
Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany,<br />
Hauke.Thoele@bgr.de, (2) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources,<br />
Branch <strong>of</strong>fice Berlin, Wilhelmstr. 25-30, Berlin, 13593, Germany<br />
Within the framework <strong>of</strong> the GPDN project (www.geopotenzial-nordsee) we study the<br />
sedimentary evolution in the southern North Sea Basin during the Neogene. The Neogene<br />
sedimentary succession <strong>of</strong> the southern North Sea Basin is dominated by a large fluvio-deltaic<br />
system, also known as the “Eridanos delta system”. It drained the Fennoscandian and Baltic<br />
Shield through the present Baltic Sea and delivered huge amounts <strong>of</strong> sediments into the<br />
basin. The dimensions <strong>of</strong> the paleo-drainage area and the thickness <strong>of</strong> the deltaic deposits as<br />
A14 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
seen in the present North Sea are comparable to those <strong>of</strong> the largest recent delta systems in<br />
the world (Overeem et al., 2001). An almost complete coverage <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong>fshore parts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
delta <strong>with</strong> high-quality 2D and 3D seismic data in the German North Sea, together <strong>with</strong> new<br />
biostratigraphic datings <strong>of</strong> well samples allow studying the delta system in unprecedented detail<br />
filling the gap between former Dutch and Danish studies. The combined data sets collected<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the framework <strong>of</strong> the “GPDN” project and a previous BGR North Sea project enables us<br />
to image the detailed architecture <strong>of</strong> the prograding delta system, and to identify areas <strong>of</strong> main<br />
subsidence during the Neogene. Initial studies <strong>of</strong> the delta system have provided detail insights<br />
about the location <strong>of</strong> delta complexes, collapse <strong>of</strong> the delta slope, migration <strong>of</strong> depocentres<br />
through time and age <strong>of</strong> delta sequences.<br />
Overeem, I., et al. (2001): The Late Cenozoic Eridanos delta system in the Southern North<br />
Sea Basin: a climate signal in sediment supply?, Basin Research, 13(3), 293-312.<br />
9-12 BTH 30 Weber, Karolin<br />
FROM FACIES VARIATIONS TO PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES: EXAMPLES FROM THE<br />
LOWER TRIASSIC OF THE NORTH-EASTERN GERMAN BASIN<br />
WEBER, Karolin, GAST, Sascha, and KUHLMANN, Gesa, Federal Institute for<br />
Geosciences and Natural Resources, Branch <strong>of</strong>fice Berlin, Wilhelmstr. 25-30, Berlin,<br />
13593, Germany, karolin.weber@bgr.de<br />
The Buntsandstein is stratigraphically the lowermost part <strong>of</strong> the tripartite German Triassic which<br />
is characterised by multiple successions <strong>of</strong> reddish to brownish sandstones and claystones. In<br />
the north-eastern German Basin these sediments are typically deposited by fluvial to brackish<br />
environmental systems.<br />
This work describes lower Triassic sediments <strong>with</strong> the help <strong>of</strong> geophysical measurements<br />
from deep boreholes. From lithological descriptions clastic, fluvial to lacustrine and brackish<br />
deposits could be depicted showing grain size variations from clay to sand. By the construction<br />
<strong>of</strong> an E-W/N-S pr<strong>of</strong>ile the variability <strong>of</strong> the sediment composition and their respective facies<br />
could be depicted together <strong>with</strong> the according petrophysical properties.<br />
The basis for our correlation is a borehole set taken from Hoth et al. (1993) together <strong>with</strong><br />
their geophysical log measurements like gamma ray, acoustic and resistivity logs. With the<br />
use <strong>of</strong> these logs porosity and grain-size distribution have been calculated by petrophysical<br />
methods as used as standard method in hydrocarbon exploration. Finally, these results will be<br />
compared to regional maps that have been elaborated geothermal studies for the working area<br />
by Diener et al. (1989).<br />
First results <strong>of</strong> the well correlation show on the one hand that the porosity and the lithology<br />
vary <strong>with</strong> respect to the basin rim and basin centre but on the other hand as well from older to<br />
younger stratigraphic levels, i.e.Volpriehausen to Solling Formation.<br />
Additionally to the ‘manual’ well correlation we aim to correlate the logs based on a statistical<br />
method introduced by Olea (2002) to fit the log pattern <strong>of</strong> distinct lithological intervals between<br />
the boreholes.<br />
References<br />
Diener, I. et al. (1989), Geothermische Ressourcen im Nordteil der DDR. ZGI Berlin, 72p..<br />
Hoth, K.; Rusbült, J.; Zagora, K.; Beer, H.; Hartmann, O. (1993), Die tiefen Bohrungen im<br />
Zetralabschnitt der Mitteleuropäischen Senke – Dokumentation für den Zeitabschnitt 1962<br />
– 1990. Verlag der Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften e. V. (i. G.). Berlin. Schriftenreihe für<br />
Geowissenschaften<br />
Olea, R. A. (2002), Correlator 5.2 – Computer program and user’s manual. Open File Report<br />
No. 2002-52, December 2002<br />
9-13 BTH 31 Slama, Jiri<br />
TESTING THE ACCURACY OF DETRITAL ZIRCON AGE PROVENANCE – NATURAL AND<br />
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH<br />
SLAMA, Jiri and KOSLER, Jan, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Bergen,<br />
Allegaten 41, Bergen, 5007, Norway, jiri.slama@geo.uib.no<br />
Several factors affecting the accuracy <strong>of</strong> detrital zircon age provenance studies have been<br />
investigated. We have aimed for quantifying the effects <strong>of</strong> individual factors that deviate the<br />
measured detrital age spectra from the real zircon age distribution in the sediment and in<br />
the sediment source. The effects <strong>of</strong> variable redistribution <strong>of</strong> zircons from source rocks into<br />
the stream have been studied in a natural catchment in Scotland that represent simple twocomponent<br />
source system. The factors affecting reproducibility <strong>of</strong> the age spectra <strong>of</strong> the sample<br />
were investigated on synthetic sediment prepared on purpose for this study using zircon-free<br />
quartz sand and known number <strong>of</strong> zircon grains <strong>of</strong> known age distribution.<br />
Our results show that the zircon fertility <strong>of</strong> the source rocks and physical parameters <strong>of</strong> zircon<br />
grains represent the most important factors affecting the distribution <strong>of</strong> zircon age populations<br />
in the stream sediments. It can account for a several-fold difference between the ratio <strong>of</strong> the<br />
rocks in the source area and abundance <strong>of</strong> zircon in the sediment. Additional age biases<br />
are introduced during sample preparation and data processing. The sample preparation and<br />
grain picking result in loss <strong>of</strong> small grains and errorneous amplification <strong>of</strong> the age component<br />
represented by larger grains. This can, together <strong>with</strong> the preference for larger grains during<br />
handpicking, cause several-fold difference compared to the real age distribution in the sediment<br />
sample. These factors are more important for the reproducibility <strong>of</strong> zircon age spectra than is<br />
the number <strong>of</strong> zircon grains analyzed per sample. Even the most abundant age population in<br />
the sample may deviate by tens <strong>of</strong> percent from its real content in the sediment after hundred<br />
or more analyses have been done. It is therefore difficult to relate the peak intensity in the<br />
age spectra to the sediment quantity contributed from different sources. The analytical limits<br />
<strong>of</strong> the dating techniques must always be considered when evaluating potential overlap <strong>of</strong><br />
zircon populations that are closely spaced in time. Although the visualization <strong>of</strong> U-Pb data in<br />
probability density plots is commonly used for comparison between samples, the detrital zircon<br />
age spectra must always be interpreted relative to the volume <strong>of</strong> individual age populations, not<br />
to the intensities <strong>of</strong> the age peaks.
SESSION NO. 10, 08:30<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T3E. Transient Deformation in the Lithosphere at<br />
Conditions Changing over Short Periods <strong>of</strong> Time<br />
(Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
10-1 BTH 15 Dokukina, Ksenia<br />
HIGH-VELOCITY DEFORMATION AND SYNCHRONOUS MAFIC MELT INTRUSION<br />
DOKUKINA, Ksenia, Russian Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences, <strong>Geological</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong> RAS,<br />
Pyzhevsky Lane 7, Moscow 119017 Russia, dokukina@mail.ru<br />
The Tastau volcanoplutonic complex <strong>of</strong> the Chara transpressional belt, Eastern Kazakhstan,<br />
contains the mafic microintrusions (1-70 cm) in the form <strong>of</strong> strings <strong>of</strong> globules and other<br />
bodies that resemble stretched and boudinaged dykes in low-grade sedimentary rock. All<br />
mafic bodies have got chilled margins and are located exclusively in the linear zone <strong>of</strong> tectonic<br />
brecciation <strong>of</strong> metagreywacke host rock. In outcrop, the mafic bodies thus <strong>of</strong>ten look like beads<br />
that connected by a bead string. These structures are result <strong>of</strong> primary magma emplacement<br />
rather than postconsolidation stretching. The formation <strong>of</strong> these mafic microintrusions was<br />
controlled by compressive shear deformations. Progressive stretching during a high-speed<br />
decompression deformation <strong>of</strong> metasedimentary rock was accompanied by intrusion <strong>of</strong> mafic<br />
melt. Magma fragmentation due to the significant decrease in matrix viscosity took place during<br />
high-velocity shearing and cataclastic flow. The synkinematic model <strong>of</strong> fragmentation and<br />
mingling between magma and deforming rock on the hypabyssal level <strong>of</strong> crust is <strong>of</strong>fered.<br />
In the Tastau area the melt fragmentation structures and tectonites are evidence <strong>of</strong> dramatic<br />
changes in the tectonic regime from compression to extension and again to compression. Two<br />
main factors determined such inversion: (1) regional tectonics and (2) magmatic fluid pressure,<br />
which could operate simultaneously.<br />
The model assumes a relative long preservation <strong>of</strong> regional compressive conditions.<br />
Impenetrable areas impeded the magmatic melt motion and produced a fluid overpressure.<br />
At excess <strong>of</strong> limiting pressure a deviator stress relaxation and a hydr<strong>of</strong>racturing were realized<br />
which appeared in the tectonic crushing. The disintegration <strong>of</strong> host rock was accompanied by a<br />
mafic melt filling <strong>of</strong> fractures.<br />
S<strong>of</strong>tening <strong>of</strong> the crushed matrix, a loss <strong>of</strong> mechanical solidity and viscosity decrease<br />
<strong>of</strong> matrix (up to acquisition <strong>of</strong> quasi-liquid property) took place in ruptured zones <strong>with</strong> the<br />
participation <strong>of</strong> melt fluid. Consequently stress relaxation was realized <strong>with</strong> cataclastic flow and<br />
melt injection in northwest linear local fault zones in the compression conditions.<br />
10-2 BTH 16 Wassmann, Sara<br />
THE RECORD OF STRESS CYCLES IN FRONT OF A PROPAGATING THRUST FAULT<br />
NÜCHTER, Jens-Alexander, WASSMANN, Sara, and STÖCKHERT, Bernhard, Ruhr-<br />
Universität Bochum, Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Universitätsstraße 150,<br />
Bochum, 44801, Germany, sara.wassmann@rub.de<br />
Juvenile faults grow by propagation. If a fault grows during repeated earthquakes, the crust<br />
facing the fault front is subject to consecutive stress cycles as the fault front approaches the site<br />
<strong>of</strong> observation. When the front <strong>of</strong> a thrust fault has passed the site <strong>of</strong> observation, the hanging<br />
wall becomes decoupled from its former substratum, and can be transported as a nappe. If so,<br />
the pre-decoupling stress history may be preserved in the rocks at the nappe base.<br />
The base <strong>of</strong> the Preveli nappe, Crete, is formed by a 30 m thick cataclasite. Above the<br />
cataclasite, the metamorphic rocks in the interior <strong>of</strong> the nappe show structures, indicating<br />
(1) deformation <strong>of</strong> quartz by dislocation creep at high differential stress, (2) brittle failure and<br />
vein formation controlled by ductile creep <strong>of</strong> the host rock, and (3) deformation <strong>of</strong> the vein quartz<br />
in the regime <strong>of</strong> low-temperature plasticity. Overprinting relations show that these features<br />
formed in a systematic sequence. All microstructures are also observed inside the rotated clasts<br />
in the cataclasite. The cataclasite is crosscut by undeformed pseudotachylite veins.<br />
For our site <strong>of</strong> observation we propose: (1) The stress cycles recorded in the quartz<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>abrics are related to a sequence <strong>of</strong> earthquakes, during which the fault front propagated<br />
closer to the site <strong>of</strong> observation. (2) The cataclasite formed immediately after passage <strong>of</strong> the<br />
fault front from an intensively fractured wake left behind by the process zone. (3) Formation<br />
<strong>of</strong> pseudotachylite veins indicates injection <strong>of</strong> frictional melts after cataclasite formation.<br />
(4) The undeformed preservation <strong>of</strong> these pseudotachylite veins indicates localization <strong>of</strong> any<br />
subsequent deformation into the underlying weak thrust plane. Notably, nappe transport after<br />
pseudotachylite injection did not leave a discernible imprint at the site <strong>of</strong> observation. (5) All<br />
this happened in the middle crust, as indicated by the composition <strong>of</strong> phengites grown in the<br />
pseudotachylite matrix during devitrification. We propose that cataclasite and pseudotachylite<br />
formation mark the end <strong>of</strong> a history <strong>of</strong> coseismic loading and postseimic stress relaxation at<br />
the site <strong>of</strong> observation. Such type <strong>of</strong> record may be systematically found at the base <strong>of</strong> thrust<br />
sheets decoupled in the middle crust.<br />
10-3 BTH 17 Kruhl, Jörn H.<br />
QUARTZ MICROFABRICS AS INDICATORS OF HIGH- TO LOW-TEMPERATURE SHEARING<br />
UNDER VARIABLE RATES OF DEFORMATION<br />
KRUHL, Jörn H. and STÄB, Christian, Tectonics and Material Fabrics Section, Technical<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Arcisstr. 21, Munich, 80333, Germany, kruhl@tum.de<br />
We present an investigation on micr<strong>of</strong>abrics <strong>of</strong> quartz-porphyric veins from the Western<br />
Alps where various parameters <strong>of</strong> deformation and metamorphism can be determined and<br />
information about high strain-rate variations can be inferred. (1) Cooling rates <strong>of</strong> the wall rocks<br />
are known. (2) Based on deformation <strong>of</strong> euhedral magmatic quartz and on biotite orientation<br />
in the ground mass, strain can be determined. (3) The initial vein thickness can be calculated,<br />
ranging from ~ 1 to > 50 m. (4) Vein composition leads to the temperature <strong>of</strong> the magma, which<br />
– together <strong>with</strong> vein thickness and wall-rock temperature – allows to model cooling rates <strong>of</strong><br />
the veins.<br />
Since the magma was injected at T-peak <strong>of</strong> regional metamorphism, the quartz-porphyric<br />
veins cooled rapidly down to T ~ 450-600°C and then experienced slow cooling <strong>of</strong> regional<br />
metamorphism. A variety <strong>of</strong> high-T deformation fabrics developed in quartz, such as<br />
chessboard subgrain patterns, large recrystallized grains that partly grew up to the size <strong>of</strong> the<br />
magmatic host grain, and coarse grain-boundary sutures. Medium- to low-T fabrics include<br />
subgrains, dynamically recrystallized grains and small-scale grain-boundary suturing.<br />
Brittle or semi-brittle deformation structures developed <strong>with</strong>in this sequence <strong>of</strong> ductile<br />
structures and indicate variation <strong>of</strong> deformation rate: (1) fractures, along which arrays <strong>of</strong><br />
recrystallized grains are formed; (2) kink-bands that are changed to arrays <strong>of</strong> subgrains and,<br />
by grain-boundary migration recrystallization, to arrays <strong>of</strong> dynamically recrystallized grains;<br />
(3) kink-band boundaries that are transformed to deeply serrated high-angle grain boundaries.<br />
SESSION NO. 10<br />
In general, the detailed knowledge about various properties <strong>of</strong> the veins and their wall-rocks as<br />
well as the conditions <strong>of</strong> regional metamorphism and deformation allows far-reaching analyses<br />
<strong>of</strong> the interaction between rock fabrics and variable deformation rates.<br />
10-4 BTH 18 Druiventak, Anthony G.<br />
KICK AND COOK OF PERIDOTITE: COSEISMIC LOADING AND POSTSEISMIC<br />
RELAXATION VERSUS STEADY-STATE CREEP<br />
DRUIVENTAK, Anthony G. 1 , TREPMANN, Claudia A. 2 , MATYSIAK, Agnes K. 1 , and<br />
RENNER, Jörg1 , (1) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-Universität<br />
Bochum, Universitätstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany, anthony.druiventak@rub.de,<br />
(2) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany<br />
Experiments comprising a sequence <strong>of</strong> deformation at moderate temperature (600°C) and<br />
annealing at higher temperature (700 to 1000°C) were performed on samples <strong>of</strong> natural<br />
peridotite to simulate the natural stress history in the suboceanic upper mantle just below the<br />
seismogenic zone. Analyses <strong>of</strong> the olivine micr<strong>of</strong>abric development revealed that deformation<br />
<strong>of</strong> olivine takes place by microcracking and dislocation glide in the low-temperature plasticity<br />
field. During annealing, recovery and recrystallization in olivine are driven by the reduction <strong>of</strong><br />
strain and grain boundary energy. High strain zones generated during deformation are replaced<br />
by olivine subgrains and recrystallized olivine grains at low and high annealing temperatures,<br />
respectively. Furthermore, the microstructures after annealing at high temperature (1000°C)<br />
are characterized by large olivine clasts surrounded by small recrystallized grains, which<br />
resemble the microstructures found in naturally deformed peridotites in the Western Alps.<br />
Such microstructures, commonly described as core-and-mantle structures, have previously<br />
been addressed as evidence for incipient dynamic recrystallization during steady-state<br />
dislocation creep. The average size <strong>of</strong> the recrystallized grains is then used in conjunction <strong>with</strong><br />
experimentally constrained paleo-piezometer relations to infer constraints on paleo-stress. Our<br />
deformation and annealing experiments suggest an alternative scenario <strong>of</strong> initial high stress<br />
deformation followed by recrystallization at rapidly decaying stresses (or hydrostatic stress)<br />
- considered to mimique the sequence <strong>of</strong> mechanical states during an earthquake – for the<br />
development <strong>of</strong> such microstructures, so that paleo-piezometers do not apply to the natural<br />
stress history.<br />
10-5 BTH 19 Dokukina, Ksenia<br />
MEZOARCHEAN METAPSEUDOTACHYLITE AS EVIDENCES OF SEISMIC DEFORMATION<br />
OF THE EARLY PRECAMBRIAN CONTINENTAL CRUST (BELOMORIAN ECLOGITE<br />
PROVINCE)<br />
DOKUKINA, Ksenia1 , BAYANOVA, Tamara B. 2 , KONILOV, Alexander1 , and VAN, K.V. 3 ,<br />
(1) Russian Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences, <strong>Geological</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong> RAS, Pyzhevsky Lane 7,<br />
Moscow, 119017, Russia, dokukina@mail.ru, (2) Russian Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences,<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> Institute KSC RAS, Fersman str. 14, Apatity, Murmansk rgn, 184209, Russia,<br />
(3) Russian Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences, Institute <strong>of</strong> Experimental Mineralogy, Chernogolovka,<br />
Moscow region, 142432, Russia<br />
We studied metapseudotachylite acid veins in central domain <strong>of</strong> Izbnaya Luda island (Mezo-<br />
Neorchean Belomorian eclogite province), VGS-84: N 65º54’, E 34º45’. It is underlain by felsic<br />
gneiss, in which occur bodies <strong>of</strong> eclogite, amphibolite, garnet-clinopyroxene amphibolite,<br />
metaperidotite, metapyroxenite, and microcline granite. The area studied may be divided into<br />
western, central and eastern domains. Central domain rocks have a prevailing northwesterly<br />
and westerly foliation trends. Gneiss foliation is cut by minor faults (several centimeters to<br />
several meters displacement) <strong>of</strong> main northernly and secondary westerly directions. Movement<br />
along faults produced tectonic breccia. The layered quartz<strong>of</strong>eldspathic gneiss contains<br />
fragments, 10 cm to 5 m in size, <strong>of</strong> garnet (± clinopyroxene) amphibolite, eclogite, tonalite and<br />
pink K-rich granite. The granite and tonalite fragments are angular or are elongated parallel<br />
to the foliation. A fault networks are irregularly distributed in area. Locally, early fold relicts are<br />
preserved <strong>with</strong>in the network <strong>of</strong> faults. Tectonic breccia contains thin (from few millimeters to<br />
few centimeters) metapseudotachylite veins are presented fine-grained aplite-like rocks and<br />
they cross-cut all rocks <strong>of</strong> breccia. Relatively large-scale aplite veins contain small fragments<br />
<strong>of</strong> plagiogneiss and K-rich granite. Sometimes thin aplite veins form a thick net that envelops <strong>of</strong><br />
gneiss and granite fragments.<br />
Metapseudotachylite represents garnet – biotite – plagioclase - potassium feldspar – quartz<br />
± clinopyroxene ± hornblende metamorphized rock. Metapseudotachylite composition (SiO2 68.7-70.4, TiO 0.4, Al O 14.9-15.4, Fe O 3.5-3.8, MnO 0-0.1, MgO 1.2-1.4, CaO 3.0-3.4,<br />
2 2 3 2 3<br />
Na O 3.7-3.8, K O 1.9, P O 0.1-0.2) corresponds to average composition <strong>of</strong> the rocks <strong>of</strong><br />
2 2 2 5<br />
tectonic breccia. Eight samples <strong>of</strong> metapseudotachylite were dated by bulk rock Sm/Nd method<br />
and yielded T model ages from 2787 to 3148 Ma. Thus metapseudotachylite veins are an<br />
DM<br />
important evidence <strong>of</strong> a high-velocity seismic deformation <strong>of</strong> the Mezoarchean continental<br />
crust. Errochrone dependence gave age about 1.53 Ga, which obviously answer alteration <strong>of</strong><br />
Sm/Nd isotopic system at the amphibolite-grade overprinting in the Svec<strong>of</strong>ennian Orogeny.<br />
10-6 BTH 20 Matysiak, Agnes K.<br />
CYCLIC NON-STEADY STATE DEFORMATION RECORDED BY PERIDOTITES OF THE<br />
FINERO COMPLEX (IVREA ZONE, WESTERN ALPS)<br />
MATYSIAK, Agnes K. 1 , STÖCKHERT, Bernhard1 , and TREPMANN, Claudia2 , (1) Institut<br />
für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150,<br />
Bochum, 44801, Germany, agnes.matysiak@rub.de, (2) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,<br />
München, Germany<br />
The micr<strong>of</strong>abrics <strong>of</strong> deformed peridotites <strong>of</strong> the Finero complex (Ivrea Zone, western European<br />
Alps) are investigated by optical and electron microscopic techniques (SEM/EBSD, TEM). The<br />
rocks are lherzolites and contain minor amounts <strong>of</strong> amphibole and/or phlogopite. They have<br />
undergone multiple stages <strong>of</strong> deformation and metamorphism.<br />
The SPO <strong>of</strong> large elongate olivine grains (long axis up to 15 mm) defines the foliation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the peridotite. These grains are inhomogeneously deformed, containing abundant kink<br />
bands and deformation bands sub parallel to (100). Kink bands are characterized by discrete<br />
boundaries <strong>with</strong> a misorientation <strong>of</strong> up to 35°. Kink band boundaries and grain boundaries are<br />
sutured indicating strain-induced grain boundary migration after inhomogeneous deformation.<br />
Deformation bands are defined by sub parallel, more or less straight but diffuse low angle grain<br />
boundaries. Their orientation sub parallel (100) indicates the activation <strong>of</strong> a glide system <strong>with</strong><br />
[100] as glide direction, which is reported to be characteristic for high temperature deformation.<br />
Locally, kink band boundaries cut deformation bands at a low angle; otherwise both features<br />
are sub parallel.<br />
In zones <strong>of</strong> localized deformation, olivine microstructures reveal at least two stages <strong>of</strong><br />
recrystallization. An earlier generation <strong>of</strong> recrystallized grains, 0.1-0.3 mm in diameter, shows<br />
a foam structure, which implies annealing at low differential stress. A later generation <strong>of</strong><br />
recrystallized grains, less than about 0.05 mm in diameter, is confined to shear zones about<br />
parallel to the foliation. These grains show an irregular grain shape and a weak CPO, indicating<br />
deformation in the dislocation creep regime. These shear zones (mm-cm wide) appear to have<br />
been repeatedly reactivated. The latest deformation stage is represented by ultrafine grained,<br />
cataclastic and metasomatized domains containing serpentine, talc and dolomite.<br />
The microstructures in the Finero peridotites indicate episodic, markedly non-steady state<br />
deformation, recording several cycles <strong>with</strong> initially high differential stress and subsequent<br />
stress relaxation. The stress cycles which occurred under distinct conditions are attributed to<br />
Munich, Germany A15<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 10<br />
stresses transferred to the deeper lithosphere during major earthquakes, presumably on faults<br />
in the overlying brittle crust.<br />
SESSION NO. 11, 08:30<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T5B. Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and Risk<br />
Mitigation (Posters) (Munich Reinsurance Company)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
11-1 BTH 33 Elsner, Martin<br />
MASS MOVEMENTS WITHIN CONGLOMERATES IN THE KAUFBEUREN AREA (BAVARIA,<br />
SOUTH GERMANY) – IDENTIFICATION AND RISK PREDICTION<br />
ELSNER, Martin and SCHOLZ, Herbert, Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie, TU München,<br />
Arcisstraße 21, München, 80333, Germany, martin.elsner@tum.de<br />
Since the deadly rock fall in Stein an der Traun in 2010, mass movements <strong>with</strong>in conglomerates<br />
are in the focus in south Germany. The area around Kaufbeuren is characterized by<br />
Pleistocene conglomerates, which formed from fluvioglacial meltwater gravel bodies<br />
from different ice-ages (Würm, Riss, Mindel, Günz, and Donau glaciation). They directly<br />
overlay flat-lying Neogene pelitic sediments from the Upper Freshwater Molasse (Obere<br />
Süßwassermolasse, North Alpine Foreland Basin). The entire succession is draped here by<br />
Würm and Riss glacial tills in varying thickness.<br />
The gravel bodies are stratigraphically differentiated by their relative elevation, <strong>with</strong> the<br />
highest deposits being the oldest (Donau glaciation) and today’s valleys fill being the youngest<br />
(Würm glaciation). The total difference in height between the base <strong>of</strong> the oldest and youngest<br />
gravels is about 120 m. The pre-Würmian gravels are irregularly and <strong>of</strong>ten only loosely lithified<br />
by carbonate cements, thus forming highly porous conglomerates. They attain a thickness <strong>of</strong><br />
up to 40 m, consisting predominantly <strong>of</strong> carbonaceous clasts. Grain sizes are usually around<br />
4 to 8 cm.<br />
The conglomerates form steep escarpments; in contrast, the underlying pelites are<br />
characterized by lower slope angles, and partly undulating smoother land surfaces. The top <strong>of</strong><br />
the pelites is an ideal slide horizon, especially if weathered and wet. Thus, the slopes formed<br />
by the conglomerates are <strong>of</strong>ten affected by partly astonishing large mass movements, <strong>with</strong> the<br />
degree <strong>of</strong> glacial or glacio-fluvial erosion and the position <strong>of</strong> the Quaternary base being the<br />
most important controlling factors. Mass movements are relatively frequent along the margins<br />
<strong>of</strong> glacial spillways. Also, older, higher elevated conglomerates are more <strong>of</strong>ten affected than<br />
younger, lower lying conglomerates, which are stabilized by Würmian sediments covering the<br />
top Molasse boundary.<br />
Financed by the Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt and the European Union, our aim is to<br />
map the area and to survey the mass movements occurring here. Based on the outcrops <strong>of</strong> the<br />
conglomerates, the position <strong>of</strong> their base (top Tertiary), the degree <strong>of</strong> oversteepening during<br />
the last ice age, and on the frequency <strong>of</strong> existing slides, the slopes are given different classes<br />
indicating the risk <strong>of</strong> future mass movements.<br />
11-2 BTH 34 Chen, Kuang-Jung<br />
ESTIMATION OF MAXIMUM SEISMIC INTENSITY<br />
CHEN, Kuang-Jung, CHIU, Bonbbon, and LEE, Cheng-Yu, Earth Sciences,<br />
National Taiwan Normal University, 88 sec 4 Ting-Chow Rd, Taipei, 116, Taiwan,<br />
kjchen@ntnu.edu.tw<br />
The inversion technique was used in this study to obtain a 3-D Q-structure model. The velocity<br />
structures in the same area which already inferred will be taken into consideration as a<br />
reference for the calculation <strong>of</strong> the ray tracing. We use the new high-quality data recorded by<br />
CWBSN and TSMIP. Based on these structures and site effect, the estimated peak ground<br />
acceleration <strong>of</strong> any located earthquake in this area can be evaluated. The deviation between<br />
these estimated amplitude and the maximum amplitudes <strong>of</strong> these events observed at stations<br />
<strong>of</strong> CWBSN are obtained. The results show that most <strong>of</strong> the deviation is small than 30%. It<br />
indicates that we can predict the maximum amplitude <strong>of</strong> ground acceleration for any events<br />
occurred in Taiwan area under the accuracy <strong>of</strong> 70 % (probability). Assuming a potential seismic<br />
source, the intensity map caused by this earthquake can be estimated by this method that will<br />
be used as the potential hazard.<br />
11-3 BTH 35 Kawano, Noriyuki<br />
ALOS/PALSAR OBSERVATIONS FOR FLOODING AREA BY TSUMANIS - JAPAN TOUHOKU<br />
EARTHQUAKE<br />
KAWANO, Noriyuki, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Earth Observation<br />
Research Center (EORC), Sengen 2-1-1, Tsukuba 3058505 Japan, jaxa_kawano@<br />
yahoo.co.jp<br />
A terrible earthquake <strong>with</strong> 9.0 magnitude struck on Touhoku area, Japan at 14:46 (local time)<br />
on 11 March 2011, big tsunamis attacked about 20 - 60 minutes later to the Touhoku area,<br />
which reached 6 - 7 km away from coasts at most. Tsunamis caused huge damage along the<br />
coast, and flooding area by Tsunamis remained for about 2 weeks at longest.<br />
Phased array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) boarded on Advanced Land<br />
Observing Satellite (ALOS) operated by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) made<br />
emergency observations on 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 21 March. Comparison these “post<br />
disaster” images <strong>with</strong> “pre disaster”, sigma-naught <strong>of</strong> post disaster in such flooding area is<br />
generally smaller than those <strong>of</strong> pre disaster due to flooding.<br />
This presentation will discuss effective algorithm to estimate flooding area and show<br />
variations <strong>of</strong> flooding area.<br />
11-4 BTH 36 Riaz, Somana<br />
MEGA MONSOON FLOODS OF 2010 IN PAKISTAN: CLIMATE CHANGE ON IT WAY<br />
RIAZ, Somana, Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Peshawar, Peshawar Pakistan,<br />
somana_riaz@hotmail.com<br />
The human impact <strong>of</strong> natural disasters in Pakistan can be judged from the fact that 6,037<br />
people lost their lives and about 8,989,631got became vulnerable <strong>with</strong>in a time span <strong>of</strong> a<br />
decade. The country’s economy is heavily dependent on its water resources, 50% <strong>of</strong> which<br />
includes the surface water. With the increasing impacts <strong>of</strong> global warming and changing climate<br />
patterns Pakistan is experiencing a pronounced increase in the intensity <strong>of</strong> monsoon flooding<br />
every year.<br />
The present study aims at studying the contributing factors <strong>of</strong> the catastrophic monsoon<br />
flooding <strong>of</strong> 2010, particularly in the Kabul River Basin in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and to identify<br />
A16 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
the areas that are vulnerable to the risk <strong>of</strong> flooding in the future. Hazen’s method suggests that<br />
this mega event may happen once in every 80 years time but due to climate change globally it<br />
may be expected earlier than its return period.<br />
The output <strong>of</strong> this data analysis is significant in flood hazard assessment <strong>of</strong> the area and<br />
suggests economical mitigation methods that can be adopted by utilizing the local resources to<br />
minimize the extent <strong>of</strong> devastation along the course <strong>of</strong> Kabul River.<br />
11-5 BTH 37 Elbeshausen, Dirk<br />
CHARACTERISTICS OF OCEANIC WAVES CAUSED BY LANDSLIDES<br />
ELBESHAUSEN, Dirk and WÜNNEMANN, Kai, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstraße<br />
43, Berlin, 10115, Germany, dirk.elbeshausen@mfn-berlin.de<br />
The tsunamigenic potential <strong>of</strong> landslides has been reported in several studies before.<br />
Two-dimensional simulations are able to predict the wavelengths, but fail to produce a<br />
realistic radiation pattern <strong>of</strong> the waves caused by a landslide event. For this purpose full<br />
three-dimensional (3D) simulations are required. Due to high computational demands<br />
no parameter study has been performed in three dimensions so far. It has been recently<br />
shown that iSALE-3D, a multi-material, multi-rheology hydrocode originally developed to<br />
study hypervelocity impacts <strong>of</strong> meteorites, comets and asteroids on planetary surfaces, is<br />
capable <strong>of</strong> performing a large number <strong>of</strong> calculations <strong>with</strong>in a reasonable time. Here we test<br />
the applicability <strong>of</strong> this 3D code to the landslide problem. We focus on modeling the initial<br />
wave generation to study the dependency <strong>of</strong> the resulting wave pattern on the slope <strong>of</strong> the<br />
bathymetry and the shape <strong>of</strong> the sliding body.<br />
Within an intended computational framework, iSALE-3D may be a valuable tool providing<br />
information regarding the structure <strong>of</strong> the initial wave caused by a landslide event. Based upon<br />
these results, simulations <strong>of</strong> the wave propagation and run-up can be performed, allowing a<br />
better hazard assessment for coastal regions.<br />
11-6 BTH 38 Patula, Simone<br />
SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPS FOR GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN BAVARIA<br />
PATULA, Simone, Bavarian Environment Agency, <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, Lazarettstrasse 67,<br />
Munich 80636 Germany, simone.patula@lfu.bayern.de<br />
Since 2006 the Bavarian Environment Agency creates susceptibility maps <strong>of</strong> geological<br />
hazards in Bavaria.<br />
Different processes like shallow landslides, deep seated landslides and rock fall are modelled<br />
based on geological information, a GIS-based landslide inventory and a high resolution laser<br />
scan DEM. The resulting susceptibility maps on regional scale indicate areas potentially<br />
affected by geological hazards and are a helpful tool for planning authorities.<br />
11-7 BTH 39 Arslan, Arzu<br />
NUMERICAL MODELING OF TRANSIENT PORE PRESSURE AS A TRIGGER MECHANISM<br />
OF SEDIMENT FAILURE<br />
ARSLAN, Arzu and HUHN, Katrin, University <strong>of</strong> Bremen, MARUM-Center for Marine<br />
Environmental Sciences, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany, aarslan@<br />
marum.de<br />
The stability <strong>of</strong> sediments is a function <strong>of</strong> the mechanical strength <strong>of</strong> the material and applied<br />
forces counteracting this strength, most prominently pore pressure. Sediment failure occurs<br />
if the applied forces exceed the shear strength <strong>of</strong> the slope material in a short time. The most<br />
efficient way to decrease the shear strength is the increase <strong>of</strong> pore pressure by destroying<br />
the particle network. However, up to now less is known about the specific interplay between<br />
sediment matrix and pore pressure changes on a grain scaled level immediately before<br />
destabilization.<br />
We use three-dimensional numerical models involving particle-fluid coupling in fully saturated<br />
granular materials at a small scale to analyse the transient changes <strong>of</strong> pore pressure and<br />
mechanical behavior <strong>of</strong> sediment. The numerical models are based on a fixed coarse-grid fluid<br />
scheme implemented in the Particle Flow Code (PFC3D). The scheme solves the continuity<br />
and Navier-Stokes equations in an Eularian Cartesian coordinate system to calculate pressure<br />
and velocity <strong>of</strong> fluid <strong>with</strong>in each grid including the influence <strong>of</strong> particles. The movement <strong>of</strong><br />
particles is described by force-displacement law.<br />
Results quantifying sediment strength and fluid pressure as counteracting factors that control<br />
sediment stability are discussed.<br />
11-8 BTH 40 Knappett, Peter S.K.<br />
GROUNDWATER MODEL ECOSYSTEM LONG-TERM EXPERIMENT<br />
KNAPPETT, Peter S.K., HERZYK, Agnieszka, QIU, Shiran, LARENTIS, Michael,<br />
GRANITSIOTIS, Michael S., MAROZAVA, Sviatlana, HÜNNIGER, Marko, GRIEBLER,<br />
Christian, ELSNER, Martin, and LUEDERS, Tillmann, Institute for Groundwater Ecology,<br />
Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764,<br />
Germany, peter.knappett@helmholtz-muenchen.de<br />
Several hundred thousands <strong>of</strong> (former) industrial sites and waste deposits have been<br />
identified throughout Europe where contaminants are continuously leaching into the soil and<br />
groundwater. Studies investigating the natural attenuation <strong>of</strong> these contaminants at the field<br />
scale <strong>of</strong>ten lack the spatial resolution and hydrologic controls (boundary conditions) required to<br />
fully understand the mass transport and biodegradation kinetics. Furthermore, aquifers cannot<br />
be compared before and after contamination to understand how the groundwater ecosystems<br />
react chemically and biologically to the contaminant impact. To fill this knowledge gap an indoor<br />
aquifer model system (mesocosm, 5 x 0.8 x 0.7m) was constructed. Steady-state conditions<br />
were achieved via the constant injection <strong>of</strong> local groundwater at approximately 1.5 m/day flow<br />
rate. Subsequently, the monoaromatic, organic contaminant toluene (BTEX compound), was<br />
continuously injected as a point source in dissolved phase at saturation (500 ppm) and the<br />
downstream transport and biodegradation was measured via monitoring <strong>of</strong> physical-chemical<br />
key-parameters complemented by compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA). The<br />
metabolic response <strong>of</strong> the natural microbial community was followed <strong>with</strong> total cell counts, ATP<br />
analyisis, and bacterial carbon production measurements. At the very beginning, toluene was<br />
transported throughout the aquifer <strong>with</strong> little sign <strong>of</strong> degradation, but already after 2 weeks<br />
99.9% <strong>of</strong> the toluene was being biodegraded in the first 15 cm <strong>of</strong> the flume corresponding to a<br />
pore water residence time <strong>of</strong> approximately 5 hours. Oxygen measurements indicated that the<br />
toluene degradation was accompanied by the establishment <strong>of</strong> anoxic conditions in the center<br />
<strong>of</strong> the contaminant plume. The spatial distributions <strong>of</strong> total cells and ATP were highly correlated<br />
<strong>with</strong> toluene concentration in the first section <strong>of</strong> the mesocosm whereas oxygen was inversely<br />
correlated. Towards the end <strong>of</strong> the aquifer, microbial biomass and activity was concentrated at<br />
the plume fringes. CSIA confirmed biodegradation was occurring in the first meter <strong>of</strong> the flume<br />
through the observed 13C enrichment in toluene molecules. Investigations into the responsible<br />
bacterial consortia, presence <strong>of</strong> functional genes and activity <strong>of</strong> degradation pathways <strong>of</strong><br />
toluene are ongoing.
SESSION NO. 12, 08:30<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T8A. Geotechnologien (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P3 (1st floor hallway)<br />
12-1 BTH 1 Rechlin, A.J.<br />
SEISMIC EXPLORATION FOR UNDERGROUND DEVELOPMENT (SOUND)<br />
RECHLIN, A.J. 1 , GIESE, R. 1 , LÜTH, S. 2 , POLLOM, U. 3 , JETSCHNY, S. 4 , and BOHLEN, T. 4 ,<br />
(1) Scientific Drilling, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for<br />
Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, arechlin@gfz-potsdam.de,<br />
(2) Centre for CO2-Storage, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre<br />
for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, (3) S1 - Seismics and<br />
Gravimetry, Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655,<br />
Germany, (4) Geophysical Institute (GPI), Karlsruhe Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology KIT,<br />
Hertzstraße 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany<br />
The current rapid progress in tunneling and underground construction entails the planning<br />
and realization <strong>of</strong> large-scale projects <strong>of</strong> long distances (tunnels >50km) and large diameters<br />
(>13m). Many <strong>of</strong> these projects are located in geologically complex areas or under a thick<br />
overburden so that the realization <strong>of</strong> detailed geotechnical exploration in the run-up to the<br />
construction work is limited. However, during the constructional phase information about the<br />
mechanical stability <strong>of</strong> the tunnel or adit wall and face may be provided by high-resolution<br />
seismic measurements in a fast and non-destructive way. In recent years the technical<br />
pre-conditions for the realization <strong>of</strong> efficient seismic measurements during underground<br />
constructions have been established. The seismic results show high resolution and broad<br />
coverage and are also applicable in damp and reinforced (TBM, reinforced concrete lining)<br />
environments. To this end elasto-dynamic properties <strong>of</strong> the rock can be determined via wave<br />
propagation velocities <strong>of</strong> the P- and S-wave that in turn are estimated by analyzing the direct<br />
wave or surface waves. The seismic methods enable us to map existing tunnel walls <strong>with</strong><br />
relatively small effort and to identify potentially risky sectors before damage occurs. Pilot<br />
surveys in different European tunnel construction projects have shown the general applicability<br />
<strong>of</strong> these approaches. In the collaborative project SOUND we will focus on three main topics<br />
that build upon a common basis <strong>of</strong> acquisition and interpretation techniques: (1) Seismic<br />
and geotechnical exploration in tunneling, (2) Investigation <strong>of</strong> the acquired data by means<br />
<strong>of</strong> inversion techniques and (3) Enhancement <strong>of</strong> the seismic sources developed in previous<br />
projects. Those sources are also applicable for long-term continuous monitoring <strong>of</strong> underground<br />
construction and are tested <strong>with</strong> the aim to monitor the changing local stress regime in the<br />
vicinity <strong>of</strong> a freshly excavated adit. The survey covers the drill-and-blast excavation <strong>of</strong> an adit<br />
in the Underground Laboratory <strong>of</strong> the GFZ at the Education and Research Mine Reiche Zeche<br />
(Freiberg/Germany) by using a permanently installed seismic acquisition system.<br />
12-2 BTH 2 Herd, Rainer<br />
ELECTROMAGNETIC AND GEOELECTRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE FRESHWATER-<br />
SALTWATER-BOUNDARY IN EASTERN BRANDENBURG, GERMANY<br />
HERD, Rainer, KRAUSE, Yvonne, and SCHAFRIK, Wlad, Raw Material and Natural<br />
Resource Management, Brandenburg University <strong>of</strong> Technology Cottbus, Konrad-<br />
Wachsmann-Allee, Cottbus, 03046, Germany, herd@tu-cottbus.de<br />
Within the framework <strong>of</strong> the project ”brine – CO2 storage in eastern Brandenburg” (BMBF<br />
03G0758A/B) funded by the German Federal Ministry <strong>of</strong> Education and Research, geophysical<br />
investigations are conducted by GFZ Potsdam and BTU on different scales in order to monitor<br />
and investigate underground situations <strong>with</strong> regard to CO2 storage. The research <strong>of</strong> BTU is<br />
focussed on the distribution <strong>of</strong> underground structures up to a maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 200m. Of<br />
prevalent interest are the detection capabilities for the freshwater-saltwater boundary and near<br />
surface failing zones which might serve as favoured pathways for brine migration.<br />
Geophysical investigations <strong>with</strong> the frequency domain electromagnetic (FEM) and direct<br />
current (DC) geoelectric methods are suitable for the identification and monitoring <strong>of</strong> brine<br />
displacement as the measuring parameter is the resistivity/conductivity <strong>of</strong> the subsurface. In<br />
sedimentary rocks this parameter depends strongly on the presence <strong>of</strong> fluids, their temperature<br />
and salinity. Therefore, resistivity/conductivity can serve as a key parameter for the identification<br />
and monitoring <strong>of</strong> brine migration. In eastern Brandenburg the Oligocene Rupelian clay<br />
represents the barrier horizon separating the freshwater and saline aquifers. Due to postglacial<br />
processes this layer might be reduced or locally eroded and enhancing upward brine migration.<br />
The selection <strong>of</strong> study areas is carried out according to existing stocks <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Survey and industrial archives. The areas <strong>of</strong> investigation were selected by known high fluid<br />
conductivity values (hydrochemical indication) and the potential presence <strong>of</strong> quaternary erosion<br />
channels in the Rupelian clay (geological indication).<br />
Geophysical monitoring results yield a vertical and horizontal resistivity/conductivity<br />
distribution. The interpretation is done by lithology pr<strong>of</strong>iles <strong>of</strong> nearby boreholes and correlation<br />
<strong>with</strong> fluid conductivities in groundwater wells. The results <strong>of</strong> FEM and DC on coincident pr<strong>of</strong>iles<br />
are generally in accordance. With direct current geoelectrics supplementing a higher resolution<br />
close to the surface and the performed electromagnetics adding additional conductivity<br />
information <strong>of</strong> the deeper underground.<br />
12-3 BTH 3 Jahnke, Christoph<br />
FRESHWATER SALINIZATION – ANALYSIS AND MODELLING WITH REGARD TO CO2<br />
STORAGE IN SALINE AQUIFERS<br />
JAHNKE, Christoph1 , ENDLER, Ricarda1 , JANETZ, Silvio1 , JOLIE, Egbert2 ,<br />
KEMPKA, Thomas2 , KÜHN, Michael2 , MOECK, Inga2 , and ZIMMERMANN, Günter2 ,<br />
(1) Environmental Geology, BTU Brandenburg University <strong>of</strong> Technology, Cottbus, D-03046,<br />
Germany, jahnke@tu-cottbus.de, (2) Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research<br />
Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany<br />
Upward brine migration is considered as a particularly important endangerment for freshwater<br />
resources as a result <strong>of</strong> CO storage in deep saline aquifers. Thereby, the understanding <strong>of</strong><br />
2<br />
the geological underground and the natural and induced migration processes are <strong>of</strong> great<br />
importance at potential storage sites. Within the framework <strong>of</strong> the project ”brine – CO storage<br />
2<br />
in Eastern Brandenburg”, funded by the BMBF (Project 03G0758), hydrogeological und<br />
geophysical investigations and modelling <strong>of</strong> the fresh and saltwater dynamics are carried out<br />
around a prospective storage site in the Northeastern German Basin. The site is located at<br />
a salt anticline structure <strong>with</strong> a storage reservoir in sandstone formations at a depth <strong>of</strong> about<br />
1.000 m.<br />
Regional geological models were implemented <strong>with</strong> an extent from 40 x 40 km2 up to 70 x<br />
80 km2 representing the reservoir, the overburden rocks and the unconsolidated rocks <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Cenozoic. The unconsolidated rocks <strong>of</strong> the Cenozoic are the regional freshwater aquifers and<br />
SESSION NO. 12<br />
reach more than 250 m depth. The major boundary between the freshwater and saltwater is<br />
an Oligocen clay formation (Rupelian clay). Buried Quaternary channels have complicated the<br />
internal structure <strong>of</strong> cenozoical deposits and led locally to erosion <strong>of</strong> the Rupelian clay resulting<br />
in possible migration paths.<br />
Hydrochemical investigations by means <strong>of</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong> geochemical indicators as well as<br />
stable isotopes show the migration <strong>of</strong> brines from the Mesozoic overburden rocks into parts <strong>of</strong><br />
the freshwater aquifers and the existence <strong>of</strong> salinization zones in the investigation area. These<br />
are connected to fault zones in the Mesozoic rocks and the quarternary erosion channels.<br />
First numerical simulation studies <strong>of</strong> the reservoir and the overburden rocks aimed at<br />
the sensitivities <strong>of</strong> pressure elevation in the target storage formations <strong>with</strong> regard to the<br />
conductivity <strong>of</strong> the surrounding fault systems, as well as reservoir properties. Spatial and<br />
time-dependent distributions <strong>of</strong> the displaced brine and reservoir pressure development were<br />
determined during several migration scenarios. Further efforts will connect the simulations in<br />
the reservoir, the overburden and the freshwater aquifers to develop a better understanding <strong>of</strong><br />
the potential salinization processes at the actual state and under the conditions <strong>of</strong> CO 2 storage.<br />
12-4 BTH 4 Amann, Alexandra<br />
TRANSPORT AND SEALING PROPERTIES OF CLAY-RICH LITHOTYPES EXPOSED<br />
TO CO2<br />
AMANN, Alexandra1 , RICK, Ines2 , BERTIER, Pieter3 , WENIGER, Philipp1 , and KROOSS,<br />
Bernhard M. 1 , (1) Lehrstuhl für Geologie, Geochemie und Lagerstätten des Erdöls und<br />
der Kohle, RWTH-Aachen, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056, Germany, amann@<br />
lek.rwth-aachen.de, (2) Applied Geophysik, Aachen, 52074, Germany, (3) Institute <strong>of</strong> Clay<br />
and Interface Mineralogy (CIM), Aachen, 52056, Germany<br />
In the ongoing CO2Seals project study the influence <strong>of</strong> CO on both the matrix and fracture<br />
2<br />
flow properties <strong>of</strong> clay-rich sealing lithologies. Samples used in this study comprise wellcharacterized<br />
clay/shale samples from underground laboratories, one outcrop sample and<br />
samples from a prospective storage site.<br />
Within this project various experimental and analytical methods are applied to assess rock<br />
properties relevant to the sealing capacity <strong>of</strong> tight lithologies. These comprise<br />
• single-phase permeability experiments <strong>with</strong> CO -saturated brine on intact & fractured/<br />
2<br />
sheared material<br />
• gas breakthrough tests <strong>with</strong> He and/or supercritical CO , where the water-phase is dis-<br />
2<br />
placed from the previously brine saturated sample<br />
• CO high-pressure sorption experiments (up to 25 MPa)<br />
2<br />
• batch and flow reactor experiments <strong>with</strong> CO -saturated brine on single-clay minerals<br />
2<br />
• CO contact angle & interfacial tension measurements<br />
2<br />
All rock samples are analysed before and after the exposure to CO <strong>with</strong> respect to their<br />
2<br />
porosity, specific surface area and mineralogical composition. Water samples collected in<br />
distinct time intervals during the single-phase flow experiments are analysed for their elemental<br />
composition.<br />
The experimental data show that CO is able to migrate into cap rocks, but at very low<br />
2<br />
transport velocities. Absolute permeability coefficients extend down to the 10 23m²-range. In many instances, transport is restricted to diffusion only. CO sorption capacities on pure<br />
2<br />
clay minerals and natural shale samples may be as high as 0.4 and 0.7 mmol/g (dry state),<br />
respectively. Analyses after exposure to CO revealed no substantial mineral alterations,<br />
2<br />
which is certainly due to the fact that flow and reaction rates are very low and that only a small<br />
proportion <strong>of</strong> the sample gets in contact <strong>with</strong> the permeating fluid/CO . 2<br />
Acknowledgements: The CO2Seals project is incorporated into the GEOTECHNOLOGIEN<br />
R&D program funded by the German Federal Ministry <strong>of</strong> Education and Research (BMBF,<br />
Funding no.: 03G0681A). CO2Seals is co-funded and accompanied scientifically by the<br />
industry partner Shell International Exploration and Production, Netherlands. We would like to<br />
thank several companies and institutions for kindly providing the sample material (Shell, the<br />
CO2SINK project consortium, NAGRA, ANDRA, SCK-CEN/ONFRAF-NIRAS, Fa. Holcim).<br />
12-5 BTH 5 Riesenberg, Cornelia<br />
INFORMATION SYSTEM ON GEOLOGICAL RESERVOIR AND BARRIER ROCKS IN<br />
GERMANY (STORAGE CATALOGUE OF GERMANY)<br />
RIESENBERG, Cornelia1 , MÜLLER, Christian2 , and REINHOLD, Klaus1 , (1) Bundesanstalt<br />
für Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe (BGR), Wilhelmstr. 25-30, Berlin, 13593, Germany,<br />
Cornelia.Riesenberg@bgr.de, (2) Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe<br />
(BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany<br />
Within the last years, increasing interest in climate friendly geotechnical and energetic<br />
utilization <strong>of</strong> the deeper underground has created a demand for a competent advisory service<br />
to politicians, the public, industries, and authorities.<br />
In cooperation <strong>with</strong> the state geological surveys <strong>of</strong> Germany and the Federal Institute for<br />
Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), an information system on geological reservoir and<br />
barrier rock units was set up for the Federal Republic <strong>of</strong> Germany – the Storage Catalogue <strong>of</strong><br />
Germany.<br />
Within the project, rock units were elaborated <strong>with</strong> respect to their reservoir and barrier<br />
characteristics, and categorized based on consistent evaluation criteria according to depth<br />
and thickness (see also the contribution <strong>of</strong> Müller et al. in this issue). The data from the state<br />
geological surveys were merged, harmonized and consistently visualized in a map application.<br />
The GIS-based work was carried out using ArcGIS <strong>of</strong> ESRI (Environmental Systems<br />
Reasearch Institute), a very flexible tool for compiling the Storage Catalogue <strong>of</strong> Germany.<br />
An essential component <strong>of</strong> the Storage Catalogue <strong>of</strong> Germany is digital information on<br />
exploration data, which has been generated in a sub-project by the State Authority for Mining,<br />
Energy and Geology (LBEG). This Information System provides information about existing data<br />
<strong>of</strong> the deep subsurface (e.g. deep wells, seismic surveys) and is attached to the corresponding<br />
spatial data. It therefore gives the user an overview about available measurements in different<br />
regions. The information system is complemented by reports on the geological knowledge<br />
<strong>of</strong> deeper underground. These different components are the results <strong>of</strong> the project. Content<br />
and functionalities <strong>of</strong> the map application <strong>with</strong>in the information system Storage Catalogue <strong>of</strong><br />
Germany will be presented.<br />
Munich, Germany A17<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 13<br />
SESSION NO. 13, 08:30<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T10. Tectonics <strong>of</strong> Central and East Asia (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
13-1 BTH 43 Li, Wei<br />
LA-ICP-MS U-PB ZIRCON AGES OF GRANITOIDS AND RECENT RIVER SANDS OF THE<br />
QIMANTAGH, WESTERN CHINA: CONSTRAINTS ON THE COMPOSITION OF QIMANTAGH<br />
MAGMATIC ARC AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PALEO-TETHYS OCEAN<br />
LI, Wei1 , LIU, Yongjiang2 , NEUBAUER, Franz1 , GENSER, Johann1 , REN, Shoumai3 ,<br />
HAN, Guoqing1 , and LIANG, Chenyue2 , (1) Dept. Geography and Geology, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria, liwe@stud.sbg.ac.at, (2) College<br />
<strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Jianshe Str. 2199, Changchun, 130061, China,<br />
(3) Strategic Research Center <strong>of</strong> Oil & Gas Resources, MLR, Funei Str. 88, Xicheng<br />
District, Beijing, 100034, China<br />
The Qimantagh along the northwestern margin <strong>of</strong> Eastern Kunlun Mountains at the northern<br />
margin <strong>of</strong> the Tibetan plateau is one <strong>of</strong> the less well studied regions <strong>of</strong> Central Asia/Western<br />
China because <strong>of</strong> its remote location. The Qimantagh is located between the Cenozoic Qaidam<br />
basin in the north and intramontane Kumukuli basin in the south. Although available data are<br />
scarce, many geologists considered that Qimantagh Mts. to represent a Paleozoic magmatic<br />
arc because <strong>of</strong> the abundance <strong>of</strong> various types <strong>of</strong> granitoids. In this study, we present new<br />
LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages from granitiods from the Qimantagh and recent sands collected<br />
in the northern slope <strong>of</strong> Qimantagh Mountains. Seven samples <strong>of</strong> granitoids, diorites, granites<br />
and gneissic granites gave a variety <strong>of</strong> ages: (1) four samples from Wotoushan have weighted<br />
average ages <strong>of</strong> 485 ± 12 Ma, 439.0 ± 5.9 Ma, 424.0 ± 3.5 Ma and 269.6 ± 6.2 Ma, and;<br />
(2) the weighted average ages <strong>of</strong> two samples in Naitoushan are 455.0 ± 8.4 Ma and 428.0<br />
±10 Ma; (3) the sample from Qiekelikegou shows the weighted average age <strong>of</strong> 446.0 ± 3.6 Ma.<br />
Zircons <strong>of</strong> three samples <strong>of</strong> recent river sands draining the Qimantagh to the Qaidam basin<br />
yield a wide age range <strong>of</strong> 1557 to 211 Ma. Early Paleozoic and the Late Paleozoic to Triassic<br />
age populations dominate and some Precambrian grains are subordinate. From west to east,<br />
the sample from the Xigou presents two age peaks <strong>of</strong> 472 and 276 Ma, the sample from<br />
the Qiekelikegou shows two age peaks <strong>of</strong> 414 and 283 Ma, the sample from the Kuangou is<br />
characterized by the peak ages <strong>of</strong> 413 Ma and 219 Ma. Comparing these detrital ages each<br />
other, the three samples yield two distinct age populations <strong>of</strong> 472–413 Ma and 300–250 Ma.<br />
On the base <strong>of</strong> our new zircon ages from recent wadi sand and granitoids, combined <strong>with</strong><br />
previous geochemical and age data, we suggest that two stages <strong>of</strong> tectonic evolution existed<br />
in Qimantagh areas. From 500 to 400 Ma, Qimantagh areas mainly underwent the northward<br />
subduction <strong>of</strong> the Paleo-Tethys Ocean (500-450 Ma) and back-arc extension (450-400 Ma). In<br />
the Permian, due to the northward subduction <strong>of</strong> Paleo-Tethys Ocean, the future Qimantagh<br />
area was characterized by an active continental margin setting, maybe by back-arc extension.<br />
13-2 BTH 44 Sonntag, Benita-Lisette<br />
THE TERTIARY HISTORY OF THE TIBET PLATEAU: THE DOGAI CORING FOLD-THRUST<br />
BELT OF THE QIANGTANG TERRANE<br />
SONNTAG, Benita-Lisette1 , RATSCHBACHER, Lothar1 , JONCKHEERE, Raymond1 ,<br />
STAIGER, Martin2 , APPEL, Erwin2 , GLOAGUEN, Richard1 , and DASSINIES, Matthias1 ,<br />
(1) TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institut für Geologie, Freiberg, 09596, Germany,<br />
benita-lisette.sonntag@geo.tu-freiberg.de, (2) Universität Tübingen, Institut für<br />
Geowissenschaften, Tübingen, 72076, Germany<br />
The central Tibet Plateau comprises from north to south the Songpan-Ganzi−Hoh Xil terrane,<br />
the Qiangtang block, and the northern Lhasa block; they have accreted successively to the<br />
Eurasian Plate during the Mesozoic and have finally been involved into the India-Asia collision<br />
since ca. 55 Ma. While the Miocene−Recent history <strong>of</strong> the reverse-sinistral growth <strong>of</strong> the<br />
northern Tibet Plateau is relatively well known, the early growth history <strong>of</strong> the Plateau is still<br />
a matter <strong>of</strong> controversy. The remote Dogai Coring thrust-fold belt (DCFTB) is an ideal area to<br />
address the early collision, as it lies west <strong>of</strong> the broad zone <strong>of</strong> distributed dextral shear that is<br />
imposed by the material flow around the eastern Himalayan syntaxes. Here, we address this<br />
early evolution <strong>with</strong> structural, paleomagnetic, and geo-thermochronologic techniques.<br />
The DCFTB <strong>with</strong>in the northern Qiangtang block comprises coarse-grained sandstones<br />
to conglomeratic red beds that conformably overlie green shales and sandstones. This<br />
sequence overthrusted Jurassic limestone in the south and is covered by Cenozoic basalts<br />
in the north. The age <strong>of</strong> this red-green sequence is unclear: the youngest detrital U-Pb zircon<br />
age cluster is at ca. 130 Ma; lithologic correlation to other red bed sequences, in particular<br />
to the Fenghuoshan area to the northeast, suggests a Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary age.<br />
Based on map interpretation, evaluation <strong>of</strong> structural data, paleomagnetic results, and apatite<br />
fission-track and Ar-Ar ages, we interpret the DCFTB as a Cenozoic sinistral transpressional<br />
structure that formed over a decollement in the Mesozoic cover; the dextral strike-slip faults<br />
and the anticlockwise rotation result from book-shelf rotation <strong>of</strong> the blocks between the thrust<br />
splays. Overly, the DCFTB belt records a history quite similar to the Miocene−Recent one<br />
<strong>of</strong> the northern Tibet Plateau. Even in its initial stage, the India-Asia deformation seems to<br />
have affected a broad region in front <strong>of</strong> the Indian intender, and deformation appears to have<br />
encompassed both N-S and E-W lengthening.<br />
13-3 BTH 45 Kober, Martin<br />
THICK-SKINNED THRUSTING IN THE NORTHERN TIEN SHAN FORELAND, KAZAKHSTAN:<br />
STRUCTURAL INHERITANCE AND POLYPHASE DEFORMATION<br />
KOBER, Martin1 , SEIB, Nadine2 , KLEY, Jonas2 , and VOIGT, Thomas2 , (1) Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Wöllnitzer Straße 7, Jena, 07749,<br />
Germany, martin.kober@uni-jena.de, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller<br />
University Jena, Burgweg 11, Jena, 07749, Germany<br />
The northern front <strong>of</strong> the Tien Shan mountains in Kazakhstan comprises an array <strong>of</strong> thrustrelated<br />
basement uplifts <strong>of</strong> varying size and orientation. Many <strong>of</strong> these uplifts are asymmetric<br />
anticlines <strong>with</strong> long, gently dipping backlimbs, rounded hinges and more steeply dipping,<br />
short frontlimbs, suggesting they may overlie listric thrust faults. Where exposed, the bounding<br />
reverse faults dip steeply at 45-70°. The pre-Cenozoic basement consists <strong>of</strong> volcanic, (meta-)<br />
sedimentary and granitic rocks. It contains a variety <strong>of</strong> older structures <strong>of</strong> different orientation<br />
such as folds, slaty cleavage or steeply dipping faults and dykes. The relations <strong>of</strong> the Cenozoic<br />
structures <strong>with</strong> these older basement fabrics are highly variable. Some young faults truncate<br />
all earlier structures, just as some Cenozoic folds appear largely independent <strong>of</strong> the attitudes<br />
<strong>of</strong> underlying stratified basement rocks. Reactivation <strong>of</strong> dipping bedding planes as thrust<br />
faults is not uncommon but always localized and <strong>of</strong> small scale. The strongest control on the<br />
Cenozoic structure is exerted by steep, NW-trending faults which were reactivated as dextrally<br />
transpressive faults and induced along-strike segmentation and lateral terminations <strong>of</strong> some<br />
A18 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
basement ridges. The same faults were locally reactivated as normal faults during a Cenozoic<br />
phase <strong>of</strong> roughly E-W extension that preceded folding and thrusting. Some <strong>of</strong> the normal faults<br />
show evidence <strong>of</strong> mild reactivation as strike-slip faults during the contractional phase which<br />
is still active today. The geometries <strong>of</strong> the thick-skinned structures reflect the slightly fanning<br />
modern shortening direction modulated by pre-existing basement faults and a Cenozoic phase<br />
<strong>of</strong> extension. Instead <strong>of</strong> an arcuate thrust belt <strong>with</strong> continuously changing strike, interfingering<br />
structures following two discrete, ENE and ESE structural trends are developed. The ESE trend<br />
coincides <strong>with</strong> a prominent set <strong>of</strong> steep faults present in the Permo-Carboniferous basement.<br />
The ENE trend has no obvious precursor structures on a local scale.<br />
SESSION NO. 14, 14:00<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T2C. Significance <strong>of</strong> Large Strike-slip Fault<br />
Systems — Active and Ancient<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 017<br />
14-1 14:05 Natal’In, Boris<br />
PERMIAN-TRIASSIC TRANSCONTINENTAL SHEAR ZONES IN NORTHERN ASIA AND<br />
EASTERN EUROPE<br />
NATAL’IN, Boris, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Mines, Istanbul Technical University, ITU, Maden Fakultesi,<br />
Ayazaga, Istanbul, 34449, Turkey, natalin@itu.edu.tr and ŞENGÖR, A.M. Celâl, Avrasya<br />
Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü, Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İTÜ Maden Fakültesi, Jeoloji Bölümü,<br />
Ayazağa, İstanbul, 34469, Turkey<br />
During the Permian (270-250 Ma), the evolution <strong>of</strong> the Altaids was controlled by the sinistral<br />
Irtysh-Gornostaev and dextral Scytho-Turanian shear zones. In China and Mongolia, these<br />
shear zones merge <strong>with</strong> each other and exhibit reversals <strong>of</strong> shear sense– dextral for the earlier<br />
and sinistral for the later events. The Irtysh-Gornostaev shear zone stretches from Chinese<br />
Altay to the Polar Urals where it cuts the Uralide structures. The displacement along the<br />
Irtysh-Gornostaev shear zone may reach 2000 km as balancing <strong>of</strong> the tectonic units <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Altaids shows. The E-W trending Scytho-Turanian shear zone stretches from Beishan to the<br />
southeastern margin <strong>of</strong> the Russian craton and continues farther northwest as the Tornquist-<br />
Teisseyre lineament. Counterclockwise rotation <strong>of</strong> Permian declinations in the southern limb <strong>of</strong><br />
the Kazakhstan orocline (southern Kazakhstan and Tien Shan) for 40-90° suggest ~1000 km<br />
displacement along the Scytho-Turanian shear zone. This zone marks the northern boundary<br />
<strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> en echelon, southwest-facing arc fragments belonging to the late Palaeozoic<br />
to Jurassic Silk Road arc. These fragments are distributed in northern Afghanistan and Iran,<br />
Turkmenistan, Caucasus and the northern Black Sea. They were stacked by large-scale, rightlateral<br />
strike-slip coastwise transport along arc-slicing and arc-shaving strike-slip faults in the<br />
Triassic and medial Jurassic simultaneously <strong>with</strong> the subductive elimination <strong>of</strong> Palaeo-Tethys.<br />
The deformations along these shear zones are <strong>of</strong>ten considered as a results <strong>of</strong> frontal<br />
collisions <strong>of</strong> independent arcs or microcontinents even if their width is only 5-20 km (width <strong>of</strong><br />
modern arc usually exceeds 50 km) and the rocks constituting the units have low strain being<br />
surrounded by boundary mylonites. Besides, the intense deformation along these shear zones<br />
did not <strong>of</strong>ten create a high topography (e.g. Sothern Mongolia, Iran, Turan, Caucasus), which<br />
is expected by collisional model – thick piles <strong>of</strong> coarse-grained clastics are absent. Finally, the<br />
strike-slip related shear zones are marked by mélanges, in which the age <strong>of</strong> matrix may be<br />
older than the age <strong>of</strong> inclusions (atypical for subduction mélange) or mélange is represented<br />
by fragments <strong>of</strong> arcs, continental basement, and carbonate platforms as it is observed in<br />
Sothern Mongolia.<br />
14-2 14:35 Şengör, A.M. Celâl<br />
BROAD SHEAR ZONES AND NARROW STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS IN OROGENS AND THEIR<br />
ROLE IN FORMING THE OROGENIC ARCHITECTURE: THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT AS<br />
AN ACTIVE EXAMPLE<br />
ŞENGÖR, A.M. Celâl1 , UÇARKUŞ, Gülsen2 , İMREN, Caner3 , RANGIN, Claude4 ,<br />
LE PICHON, Xavier4 , ÖZEREN, Sinan5 , and NATAL’IN, Boris6 , (1) Avrasya Yerbilimleri<br />
Enstitüsü, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, and Maden Fakültesi, Jeoloji Bölümü, Ayazağa,<br />
İstanbul, 34469, Turkey, sengor@itu.edu.tr, (2) Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul<br />
Teknik Üniversitesi, Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü, Ayazağa 34469, İstanbul, 34469,<br />
Turkey, (3) İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Maden Fakültesi, Je<strong>of</strong>izik Bölümü, Ayazağa 34469,<br />
İstanbul, Turkey, (4) Chaire de Géodynamique, Collège de France, Europôle de l’Arbois,<br />
Bat Le Trocadero - Aile Sud, BP 80 - 13545 Aix en Provence, France, (5) Jeoloji Bölümü,<br />
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Ayazaga, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey, (6) Faculty <strong>of</strong> Mines,<br />
Istanbul Technical University, ITU, Maden Fakultesi, Ayazaga, Istanbul, 34449, Turkey<br />
The earth’s crust is generally more pervasively faulted than is commonly believed. Most faults<br />
are <strong>of</strong> normal type and almost as many are thrusts. Strike-slip faults occur not as frequently as<br />
the others (except on small scales), but when they do in a big way, they influence the orogenic<br />
architecture in manners very different from the other two types. The reason for this is that there<br />
is no limit to how much displacement they can have in contrast to the other two. Strike slip<br />
faults begin as broad shear zones. The location and the breadth <strong>of</strong> such zones is determined<br />
by the rock composition <strong>of</strong> the curst and the geometric distribution <strong>of</strong> rock types. Young shear<br />
zones may pinch an swell along the strike and <strong>with</strong>in them strain geometries evolve creating<br />
complex and overprinting structure patterns they give the misleading impression that the stress<br />
regimes may have changed while they evolved. As the evolution <strong>of</strong> the shear zone continues<br />
one or more shear-zone-parallel through-going strike-slip faults consisting <strong>of</strong> families <strong>of</strong> closely<br />
packed fault segments localise while other structures cease their activity. In most cases one<br />
through-going strike-slip fault eventually dominates and the displacement along the shear zone<br />
may concentrate itself just to it. Before this stage is achieved shorter strike-slip faults may join<br />
creating releasing and/or restraining bends superimposing a new fabric on the pre-existing<br />
orogenic fabric and create new depocentres lying unconformably above the older structures.<br />
Such depocentres may themselves fall prey to strike-slip faulting and get deformed in their<br />
own turn. Where the main fault trends deviate from the regional displacement vectors, zones<br />
<strong>of</strong> transtension and/or transpression form that have extremely complex fabric patterns that<br />
give rise to what Dewey has termed ‘spo<strong>of</strong> orogeny’. All the structures and stages <strong>of</strong> evolution<br />
just mentioned can be seen in the history <strong>of</strong> the North Anatolian Fault. We here present a<br />
history and structural synthesis <strong>of</strong> this fault <strong>with</strong> emphasis on its western one third <strong>with</strong> a<br />
view to illustrating the rôle <strong>of</strong> shear zones and strike-slip fault systems in fossil orogens by<br />
describing one that is now evolving before our eyes and about which we have a very large set<br />
<strong>of</strong> multidisciplinary submarine and subaerial geological as well as geophysical data.
14-3 15:05 Nitsch, Edgar<br />
ANATOMY OF A WRENCH RIFT REVISITED: TOWARDS A 3D STRUCTURAL MODEL OF<br />
THE UPPER RHINE GRABEN<br />
NITSCH, Edgar 1 , ANDERS, Birte 1 , BECCALETTO, Laurent 2 , DRESMANN, Horst 3 , RUPF,<br />
Isabel 1 , TESCH, Jörg 4 , and ZUMSPREKEL, Heiko 1 , (1) Landesamt für Geologie, Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe<br />
und Bergbau, RP Freiburg, Albertstr. 5, Freiburg i. Br, 79095, Germany, Edgar.Nitsch@<br />
rpf.bwl.de, (2) Geology Division, BRGM-French <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, 3 av. Cl. Guillemin,<br />
Orléans, 45060, France, (3) Dept. Angewandte und Umweltgeologie, Institut für Geologie<br />
und Paläontologie, Universität Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Basel, 4056, Switzerland,<br />
(4) Landesamt für Geologie und Bergbau, Postfach 10 02 55, Mainz, 55133, Germany<br />
The Upper Rhine Graben (URG) is a Cenozoic rift and wrench basin about 300 km long and<br />
35 to 50 km wide, <strong>with</strong> an Eocene to Quaternary sedimentary fill up to 3.5 km thick. Its complex<br />
geological history presents multiple opportunities for the use <strong>of</strong> its geopotentials, which have<br />
increasingly attracted pr<strong>of</strong>essional and public interest. A detailed knowledge <strong>of</strong> the deep<br />
geological structure <strong>of</strong> the URG is needed to use this potential successfully and safely. The EU<br />
project GeORG (Geopotentials <strong>of</strong> the deep Upper Rhine Graben) aims at the construction <strong>of</strong><br />
a transnational database allowing statements about deep subsurface geopotentials, e.g. deep<br />
geothermal energy, thermal and mineral waters, possibilities <strong>of</strong> CO 2 sequestration and storage<br />
<strong>of</strong> compressed air. The basis is a 3D Gocad model parameterized <strong>with</strong> hydrogeological and<br />
geothermal properties based on the interpretation <strong>of</strong> about 5400 km <strong>of</strong> reprocessed seismic<br />
lines (3900 km in Germany and 1500 km in France), and a database <strong>of</strong> more than 2500 wells,<br />
mainly from the oil and mining industry. It is the first time that such an amount <strong>of</strong> subsurface<br />
data is gathered, studied and modeled in the URG.<br />
In this presentation, we put our emphasis on the inventory <strong>of</strong> the various observed structural<br />
features (e.g. main border faults, normal and strike-slip faults, salt domes), and their implication<br />
regarding the structural evolution the URG. We then focus on the predominant role <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Miocene-to-present NNE-SSW strike-slip regime in the present-day 3D geometry <strong>of</strong> the URG.<br />
This wrench system is mainly characterized by the development <strong>of</strong> transtensional faults and<br />
negative flower structures, but also includes local transpression and inversion on older normal<br />
fault planes. The most striking result is a segmentation <strong>of</strong> the URG into several tectonic<br />
domains, separated from each other by first order transverse faults. At least some <strong>of</strong> these<br />
domain boundary faults, seen in Cenozoic rocks, seem to extend from segments <strong>of</strong> reactivated<br />
Paleozoic basement faults. These reactivated segments, however, have been cut and <strong>of</strong>fset<br />
from their prolongation outside the basin by Neogene shear zones. Thus, Neogene strikeslip<br />
deformation tends to obliterate the initial rift structure as well as its basement structural<br />
heritage and gives only a distorted view <strong>of</strong> pre-Miocene structural styles.<br />
14-4 15:40 Montes, Camilo<br />
CRYPTIC STRIKE-SLIP FAULTING SHUTTING DOWN ISLAND ARC MAGMATISM: THE<br />
ISTHMUS OF PANAMA<br />
MONTES, Camilo1 , BAYONA, Germán2 , CARDONA, Agustin1 , and BUCHS, David3 ,<br />
(1) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002, Balboa, Ancon,<br />
Panama, 0843-03092, Panama, montesc@si.edu, (2) Corporación Geológica ARES,<br />
Calle 57 No. 24-11 Of. 202, Bogotá, Colombia, Colombia, (3) Research School <strong>of</strong> Earth<br />
Sciences, The Australia National University, 61 Mills Rd, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia<br />
New geochronological, geochemical, and paleomagnetic data in the Isthmus <strong>of</strong> Panama were<br />
integrated to characterize the chronology and style <strong>of</strong> arc-continent collision. The dataset we<br />
collected revealed the presence <strong>of</strong> a large, left-lateral strike-slip fault that was active between<br />
38 and 28 Ma, <strong>of</strong>fsetting the Panama arc more than 100 km left-laterally, shutting down<br />
magmatism on the eastern part <strong>of</strong> the arc, driving vertical-axis rotations and oroclinal bending,<br />
and exhuming the roots <strong>of</strong> the arc. Renewed magmatism only 10 Ma after initiation <strong>of</strong> strikeslip<br />
faulting, intra-arc basin formation and sedimentation concealed most <strong>of</strong> the evidence for<br />
this fault. New and published radiometric data, confirm the presence <strong>of</strong> a Late Cretaceous<br />
to Eocene arc from western Colombia to western Panama. This arc is composed <strong>of</strong> basaltic/<br />
pelagic sequences, and plutonic rocks that can be discriminated into three groups according<br />
to geochemical affinities: 1) a Late Cretaceous oceanic plateau that is possibly part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
CLIP and forms the arc basement; 2) a Late Cretaceous protoarc emplaced on top <strong>of</strong> the<br />
oceanic plateau shortly after subduction initiation; and 3) a Late Cretaceous to Eocene arc that<br />
emplaced after the protoarc. This geochemical/stratigraphic succession is similar to already<br />
documented sequences in south Costa Rica and west Panama, also supporting the continuity<br />
<strong>of</strong> an arc from eastern to western Panama. Paleomagnetic analyses in the same sequences<br />
reveal large (70.9º ± 6.7º) counterclockwise vertical-axis rotations west <strong>of</strong> the Rio Gatun Fault<br />
and moderate ones (between 40º ± 4.1º and 56.2º ± 11.1º) east <strong>of</strong> it. Younger, overlapping<br />
Oligocene-Miocene sequences show no significant vertical-axis rotations, and similarly, an<br />
Oligocene and younger arc shows little deformation and cross-cuts the older arc. This once<br />
continuous arc was used as a strain marker to restore Isthmus deformation, and show that,<br />
unlike other arc-continent collisions, this is a long-lived collisional process, active today and that<br />
started during late Paleogene times, propagating more than 500 km from the collision zone,<br />
and was partitioned between discrete faulting and vertical-axis block rotation.<br />
14-5 15:55 Tik<strong>of</strong>f, Basil<br />
INTERACTION OF DEFORMATION AND MAGMATISM ALONG THE EL SALVADOR<br />
VOLCANIC ARC<br />
TIKOFF, Basil1 , DEMETS, Charles1 , GARIBALDI, Nicolas1 , HERNÁNDEZ, Walter2 ,<br />
and HERNÁNDEZ, Douglas2 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong> Geoscience, University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin -<br />
Madison, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706, basil@geology.wisc.edu, (2) Servicio<br />
Nacional de Estudios Territoriales, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales,<br />
Km. 5 1/2 carretera a Santa Tecla, Colonia y Calle Las Mercedes, Plantel ISTA, San<br />
Salvador, El Salvador<br />
The magmatic arc in El Salvador results from the subduction <strong>of</strong> the Cocos plate underneath<br />
the Caribbean plate along the Middle <strong>America</strong> trench. Despite a nearly orthogonal angle <strong>of</strong><br />
convergence (<strong>with</strong> a convergence rate <strong>of</strong> ~77 mm/yr), El Salvador contains a fore-arc sliver<br />
that moves 11 mm/yr westward relative to a stable back-arc. Previous work has inferred the<br />
presence <strong>of</strong> an El Salvador fault zone that is oriented EW to ESE-WNW (parallel to the trend<br />
<strong>of</strong> the magmatic arc) and records dextral, strike-slip motion. Regional scale mapping, however,<br />
indicates that no single strike-slip fault continues for more than ~100 km. Rather, normal faults<br />
are the dominant faulting type in El Salvador and generally are oriented at a high angle to the<br />
volcanic arc.<br />
We propose that the magmatic arc fault zone includes multiple, en echelon pull-apart<br />
step-overs. Abundant normal faults are found in the areas <strong>of</strong> overlap <strong>of</strong> the strike-slip faults.<br />
All magmatic centers – both basaltic andesite volcanoes (San Miguel, San Vincente, San<br />
Salvador, Santa Ana) and rhyolitic calderas (Ilopango, Coatepeque) – are located <strong>with</strong>in these<br />
stepovers, as are many <strong>of</strong> the major population centers (San Salvador, San Miguel).<br />
In a detailed study <strong>of</strong> faulting in the San Salvador step-over, faulting seems to occur in pulses<br />
that occur during periods <strong>of</strong> magmatic quiescence. In this locality, a series <strong>of</strong> eight ashes<br />
(Tierra Blanca sequence - TB) are erupted from the Ilopango rhyolitic center. A prominent<br />
unconformity occurs between the 4th (TB4 fall pumice) and 5th (TB5) ignimbrite layer. All<br />
ignimbrite units below the unconformity are affected equally by normal faulting, while ignimbrite<br />
units above the unconformity are largely unfaulted. These observations, combined <strong>with</strong> dating<br />
<strong>of</strong> the ash beds, allow us to quantify strain rates that occur in these pull-apart stepovers. The<br />
occurrence <strong>of</strong> intense faulting during a period that lacks ignimbrite deposition suggests that<br />
periods <strong>of</strong> active felsic magmatism do not correlate <strong>with</strong> times <strong>of</strong> deformation. This inference<br />
SESSION NO. 14<br />
suggests that felsic magmatism accommodates deformation <strong>with</strong>in the step-overs although the<br />
mechanism is unclear.<br />
14-6 16:10 Mezger, Jochen E.<br />
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STEEP REGIONAL FAULT AND SHEAR ZONES FOR THE<br />
DEVELOPMENT OF GNEISS DOMES WITHIN THE VARISCAN CORE ZONE OF THE<br />
PYRENEES: STRIKE-SLIP OR REVERSE FAULTS<br />
MEZGER, Jochen E., SCHNAPPERELLE, Stephan, and RÖLKE, Christopher, Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Geosciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, Halle,<br />
06120, Germany, jochen.mezger@geo.uni-halle.de<br />
Large orogen-parallel fault zones are common structural features <strong>of</strong> the metamorphic Variscan<br />
core <strong>of</strong> the Pyrenees. Ductile shear zones and brittle faulting are evidence for deformation over<br />
a wide range <strong>of</strong> flow types. Unfortunately, the absence <strong>of</strong> marker horizons makes quantitative<br />
determination <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fset nearly impossible, even distinction between predominantly lateral or<br />
vertical displacement is difficult. Their location <strong>with</strong>in the central part <strong>of</strong> the Axial Zone and their<br />
commonly steep attitude suggest that these fault zones originated during the main Variscan<br />
deformation phase, <strong>with</strong> possible, albeit minor reactivation during the Alpine-age formation <strong>of</strong><br />
the present-day Pyrenees mountain range. The existence <strong>of</strong> several fault zones in the Axial<br />
zone is most likely related to the development <strong>of</strong> paired gneiss domes.<br />
A good example is the 70 km long Mérens shear and fault zone (MSFZ), which separates<br />
the Aston and Hospitalet domes, consisting <strong>of</strong> large orthogneiss cores mantled by Cambro-<br />
Ordovician mica schists. Core and mantle rocks experienced the same main Variscan<br />
deformation during a predominantly compressive regime. The strain observed <strong>with</strong>in the MSFZ<br />
is directly related to competence contrast between the rocks involved. High strain mylonites are<br />
developed <strong>with</strong>in phyllites and metacarbonates in a narrow zone where the two orthogneiss<br />
cores are spaced only 300 m apart. Outside the confinement <strong>of</strong> the orthogneiss cores,<br />
deformation is spread across several kilometres throughout the mica schist <strong>of</strong> the mantle, and<br />
local strain is minimal. The fault zone is reduced to several metre-wide deformation bands<br />
<strong>with</strong>out significant <strong>of</strong>fset. Local transition from mylonitic foliation to faulting, as well as similar<br />
stress fields inferred for ductile and brittle fabrics indicate a progression from ductile to brittle<br />
deformation during the same deformation phase. Shear sense indicators point to overall dextral<br />
reverse motion, the Aston dome has been thrusted over the Hospitalet dome, beginning as<br />
early as the late Visean, as new geochronological dating <strong>of</strong> nearby granites suggests. Vertical<br />
and strike-slip <strong>of</strong>fset amounts at maximum to a few kilometres.<br />
14-7 16:25 Franke, Wolfgang<br />
MAJOR STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS IN THE VARISCIDES: KINEMATICS AND THERMAL<br />
EFFECTS<br />
FRANKE, Wolfgang, Inst. für Geowissenschaften der Goethe-Universität,<br />
Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, w.franke@em.uni-frankfurt.de<br />
Important Variscan strike-slip faults parallel the SW margin <strong>of</strong> Baltica, while others follow the<br />
structural trend <strong>of</strong> the orogen. Dextral transverse faults compensate for NW/SE collisional<br />
shortening between the Avalonian part <strong>of</strong> Laurussia, the Armorican microplates and<br />
Gondwana, which can be shown to amount to c. 2.000 km. Strike-slip is partitioned into the<br />
Thor suture, the Elbe-Odra, the Intrasudetic and the Bristol Channel-Bray fault zones. In<br />
the segment between the Elba-Odra and Intrasudetic fault zones, the Variscan terranes are<br />
rotated clockwise through c. 90°, thus forming the Bohemian Arc. The Bristol Channel-Bray<br />
fault zones excises, in SW-England, the broad clastic shelf at the southern margin <strong>of</strong> Avalonia,<br />
which constitutes the main part <strong>of</strong> the Rheno-Hercynian belt in central Europe. Orogen-parallel<br />
strike-slip faults started to operate already around 380 Ma, when the Variscan microplates<br />
were still situated S <strong>of</strong> Baltica. They have severely overprinted the original suture zones,<br />
and partly effected important palaeogeographic breaks (e.g., S margin <strong>of</strong> the Mid-German<br />
Crystalline High). Many Variscan strike-slip faults, irrespective <strong>of</strong> their orientation, have served<br />
as conduits for melts and heat during and after continental collision. Increasing evidence<br />
suggests several thermal peaks between c. 350 and 270 Ma, which are documented in mafic<br />
and felsic magmatism and also in widespread LP/HT metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism was<br />
probably caused by the ascent, along fault zones, <strong>of</strong> overheated melts created by basaltic<br />
underplating. Since part <strong>of</strong> these activities clearly predate crustal stackingin the relevant areas,<br />
they cannot result from Variscan collision. Instead, they probably relate to lithospheric thinning<br />
at the western tip <strong>of</strong> the opening Tethys ocean, when Gondwana moved westwards along<br />
EW-trending faults.<br />
References:<br />
Franke (2000) Geol.Soc.London Spec.Publ. 179: 35-62<br />
Franke & Zelazniewicz (2000) Geol.Soc.London Spec.Publ. 179: 63-86<br />
Franke & Zelazniewicz (2002) Geol.Soc.Spec.Publ. 201: 279-294<br />
Franke et al. (2011) Int.J.Earth Sci. 100(4): 753 ff.<br />
14-8 16:40 Dewey, John F.<br />
TRANSTENSION IN THE BRITTLE FIELD: THE EASTERN CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE<br />
DEWEY, John F., University College, Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH United Kingdom,<br />
jfdewey@ucdavis.edu<br />
A major problem <strong>of</strong> structural geology is how biaxial, uniaxial, and triaxial strains in the brittle<br />
upper crust are effected by fault systems. Transtension generates non-coaxial constriction and<br />
poses difficult problems <strong>of</strong> wrench/normal fault-combination block rotation and strain. Normal<br />
faults rotate around vertical and horizontal axes to give oblique slip, and wrench faults rotate<br />
around vertical axes. Kinematic problems arise because blocks <strong>of</strong> varying size and shape<br />
bounded by normal and wrench faults rotate at different rates about vertical and horizontal<br />
axes while shortening or lengthening. Compatibility problems may be solved by block margin<br />
deformation, by bulk block strain, by buckling <strong>of</strong> faults, by volume increase <strong>with</strong> holes opening<br />
at block intersections, by alternating periods <strong>of</strong> normal and wrench faulting, by discrete arrays<br />
<strong>of</strong> normal and wrench faults. The Coso transtensional region, in southern California is an active<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the Eastern Califrnia Shear Zone; the horizontal strain rates are high, and there is a<br />
huge amount <strong>of</strong> seismic, heatflow, fluid flow, and borehole and surface geologic data. Between<br />
the Sierra Nevada and the Argus Range, the transport direction (from GPS) is roughly NNW at<br />
about 10 mmyr. This generates triaxial constriction <strong>with</strong> an instantaneous stretching direction<br />
roughly WNW and a horizontal strain rate <strong>of</strong> about 10 14 sec 1 . Constriction is modeled by a<br />
combination <strong>of</strong> NNE normal faults, NE wrench faults, and WNW folds and thrusts, which rotate<br />
clockwise <strong>with</strong> vorticity, and N wrench faults that rotate counterclockwise against vorticity, a<br />
pattern <strong>of</strong> faulting, folding, and bulk strain recorded closely by fault slip data from earthquakes<br />
and field observations. In deformation zones, GPS and moment tensor sum data indicate very<br />
smooth velocity fields, which in turn means that the commonly accepted view <strong>of</strong> the rotation <strong>of</strong><br />
large rigid blocks cannot be correct; instead, the upper crust behaves as a “continuum rubble”<br />
<strong>of</strong> very small “blocks”.<br />
Munich, Germany A19<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 15<br />
SESSION NO. 15, 15:45<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T3D. Induced Seismicity – From Observation to<br />
Geomechanical Understanding<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
15-1 15:50 Lenhardt, Wolfgang A.<br />
ROCKBURSTS IN DEEP MINES<br />
LENHARDT, Wolfgang A., Department <strong>of</strong> Geophysics, Zentralanstalt fuer Meteorologie<br />
und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Hohe Warte 38, Vienna 1190 Austria, wolfgang.lenhardt@<br />
zamg.ac.at<br />
As mining progresses to greater depth, the stress regime changes, whereby vertical<br />
stresses become dominant and stress concentrations around mine openings intensify. These<br />
circumstances not only increase the seismic hazard underground, but also show diversified<br />
expressions <strong>of</strong> prevailing and induced stresses brought about by creating mine openings, such<br />
as stopes.<br />
Despite classic slips along zones <strong>of</strong> weakness, such as faults and dyke-contacts, which<br />
show clear double couple mechanisms, facebursts, pillar and abutment failures add to the<br />
complexity <strong>of</strong> seismic observations in deep mines. Facebursts, considered as a result <strong>of</strong> hard<br />
patches along the stope face, can release a limited amount <strong>of</strong> energy only due to the available<br />
strain energy stored in the ultimate vicinity <strong>of</strong> the mine opening. In contrast, pillar and abutment<br />
failures involve much larger volumes when becoming distressed during such an event. All event<br />
categories constitute a potential hazard for mining personnel and can cause considerable<br />
production losses. Few examples from an ultra-deep mine environment are presented.<br />
15-2 16:05 Shapiro, Serge A.<br />
PHYSICS OF FLUID-INDUCED SEISMICITY AND ITS MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION<br />
SHAPIRO, Serge A., KRÜGER, Oliver, DINSKE, Carsten, and LANGENBRUCH,<br />
Cornelius, Geophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, Bulid. D, Berlin,<br />
12249, Germany, shapiro@geophysik.fu-berlin.de<br />
Pore fluids in rocks and pore pressure perturbations can trigger earthquakes. Sometimes<br />
fluid injections into boreholes are able to induce potentially damaging seismic events. This<br />
was the case by stimulations at such Enhanced Geothermal Systems like the ones at Basel,<br />
in Cooper Basin and at Soultz. This is rarely the case by hydraulic fracturing <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbon<br />
reservoirs. The seismicity triggering is controlled by a process <strong>of</strong> relaxation <strong>of</strong> a stress- and<br />
pore-pressure perturbation that was initially created at the injection source. This relaxation<br />
process can be approximated by a pressure diffusion (possibly a non-linear one). Recently<br />
we have found that under rather general conditions the number <strong>of</strong> fluid-injection-induced<br />
earthquakes <strong>with</strong> a magnitude larger than a given one increases approximately proportionally<br />
to the injected fluid volume. Using the seismicity rate <strong>of</strong> induced events and the fluid-injection<br />
rate, we derive a parameter (the seismogenic index) that quantifies the seismotectonic state<br />
at an injection location. This index is independent <strong>of</strong> injection parameters and depends only on<br />
tectonic features. Comparing temporal seismicity rates <strong>of</strong> statistically well represented smallmagnitude<br />
events to the seismicity rate <strong>of</strong> large-magnitude events we found that the last ones<br />
are systematically underrepresented. We modelled statistics <strong>of</strong> induced events by statistics <strong>of</strong><br />
randomly distributed thin flat discs representing rupture surfaces in a finite volume. We found<br />
that the factor limiting the seismicity rate <strong>of</strong> large-magnitude events is the minimal principal axis<br />
<strong>of</strong> the stimulated volume. It controls the order <strong>of</strong> a largest possible magnitude. This conclusion<br />
is in a well agreement <strong>with</strong> real data on induced seismicity at geothermal and hydrocarbon<br />
reservoirs. We observe a significant influence <strong>of</strong> the geometry <strong>of</strong> a stimulated volume on the<br />
frequency-magnitude distribution. This geometrical control indicates that a necessary condition<br />
<strong>of</strong> a large-scale earthquake is a stress-state perturbation on a large part <strong>of</strong> a potential rupture<br />
plane. This also explains why hydraulic fracturing <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbon reservoirs induces seismicity<br />
<strong>of</strong> magnitudes significantly lower than stimulations <strong>of</strong> geothermal reservoirs. The minimal<br />
principal axis <strong>of</strong> the stimulated volume is usually many times smaller in the former case than in<br />
the latter one.<br />
15-3 16:20 Goertz-Allmann, Bettina P.<br />
SOURCE PROPERTY VARIATIONS OF INDUCED SEISMICITY IN GEOTHERMAL<br />
RESERVOIRS<br />
GOERTZ-ALLMANN, Bettina P., BACHMANN, Corinne, WIEMER, Stefan, MENA, Banu,<br />
WOESSNER, Jochen, and DEICHMANN, Nicholas, Swiss Seismological Service, ETH<br />
Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland, bettina.allmann@sed.ethz.ch<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> a geothermal project in Basel, Switzerland water was injected <strong>with</strong> high pressure for<br />
increasing the permeability <strong>of</strong> crystalline rock and creating an enhanced geothermal system.<br />
The hydraulic stimulation lasted about 6 days. More than 10,500 events were induced and<br />
several larger magnitude (up to M =3.4) earthquakes occurred shortly after well shut-in. The<br />
L<br />
Basel case is a good example for the potential seismic risk associated <strong>with</strong> hydraulic fracking.<br />
A better understanding <strong>of</strong> the physics <strong>of</strong> the induced events is needed to improve forecasting<br />
models that describe the induced seismicity. We analyze the seismicity <strong>with</strong> respect to local<br />
variations <strong>of</strong> the magnitude-frequency distribution (b-value), and event stress drop. Both<br />
properties are (i) seismological observables, and (ii) linked to the local stress field at the<br />
source. We can utilize these two observables as proxies for injection-induced changes in the<br />
stress field.<br />
We estimate stress drops from the best-fitting corner frequency <strong>of</strong> the P-wave source<br />
spectra. The b-values are estimated for each event location using a fixed number <strong>of</strong> events in<br />
the vicinity. Both properties exhibit significant lateral and temporal variations: both change <strong>with</strong><br />
radial distance from the injection point. The b-value increases over the first 100 m and then<br />
decreases <strong>with</strong> distance and time. Stress drop increases by about a factor <strong>of</strong> five between 10 m<br />
to 300 m. This suggests a correlation <strong>with</strong> injection-related medium perturbations.<br />
We use an analytical solution <strong>of</strong> the linear diffusion equation to calculate the time-dependent<br />
pressure perturbation, assuming a homogeneous and isotropic medium. We find a good<br />
correlation <strong>of</strong> the pore pressure perturbation <strong>with</strong> stress drop and b-value. Stress drop is<br />
inversely proportional to the pore pressure perturbation. The largest events in the sequence are<br />
found at the edges <strong>of</strong> the seismicity cloud, in low b-value and high stress drop areas where the<br />
pore pressures changes are small compared to the stress changes caused by the seismicity<br />
itself. We attempt to describe the observations by forward-modeling the pressure-induced<br />
stress changes and the triggered seismicity based on Coulomb friction. We aim to establish a<br />
link between the mechanical properties <strong>of</strong> the source region and the probability <strong>of</strong> triggering an<br />
event <strong>of</strong> a certain magnitude.<br />
A20 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
15-4 16:35 Gritto, Roland<br />
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF SEISMICITY AND RESERVOIR PROPERTIES AT<br />
THE GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL FIELD, CA, USA<br />
GRITTO, Roland, Array Information Technology, Advanced Technology Division,<br />
Emeryville, CA 94608, roland.gritto@arrayinfotech.com and JARPE, Steven, Jarpe Data<br />
Solutions, Inc, Prescott Valley, AZ 86314<br />
In recent years, earthquakes <strong>of</strong> M > 3 have caused concern and objection from the public<br />
against the use <strong>of</strong> water injection to increase productivity at geothermal reservoirs worldwide.<br />
Production at the EGS site in Basel (Switzerland) was stopped after renewed seismicity<br />
caused concern and objection from the public in the city. A planned expansion <strong>of</strong> the EGS<br />
site in Soultz-sous-forêt (France) was suspended after attempts to generate increased<br />
permeability through hydr<strong>of</strong>racturing <strong>of</strong> the reservoir rock generated an increase in seismicity.<br />
As a consequence <strong>of</strong> these concerns and objections it becomes imperative to understand the<br />
relationship between these larger events and the induced stress changes in the medium if<br />
sustained generation <strong>of</strong> geothermal energy is the goal.<br />
In our paper, we will address seismicity trends at the Geysers Geothermal Reservoir,<br />
CA USA, and delineate spatial-temporal patterns <strong>of</strong> seismicity in an attempt to understand<br />
the causality <strong>of</strong> the observed data. Our analysis is based on seismic data recorded by<br />
the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) seismic network from 2003 through present.<br />
Correlations between water injection/steam production and observed seismicity will be<br />
investigated, as well as temporal changes <strong>of</strong> P- and S-wave velocities throughout the reservoir.<br />
Our work is part <strong>of</strong> a larger project to investigate the relationship between water injection or<br />
steam production and the effects on the local and regional stress field including the generation<br />
<strong>of</strong> larger events (M > 3).<br />
15-5 16:50 Mayr, Sibylle I.<br />
ACOUSTIC EMISSION INDUCED BY PORE-PRESSURE PULSES IN SANDSTONE<br />
SAMPLES<br />
MAYR, Sibylle I., Department Section Geophysics, Freie Universitaet Berlin,<br />
Malteserstrasse 74-100, Berlin, 12249, Germany, mayr@geophysik.fu-berlin.de,<br />
STANCHITS, Sergei, Schlumberger TerraTek, 1935 Fremont Drive, Salt Lake City, UT<br />
84104-4223, DRESEN, Georg, Projektbereich 3.2, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam,<br />
Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, D-14473, Germany, and SHAPIRO, Serge A., Geophysics,<br />
Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, Bulid. D, Berlin, 12249, Germany<br />
An understanding <strong>of</strong> microseismicity induced by pore-pressure changes is important for<br />
applications in geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs as well as for CO sequestrations.<br />
2<br />
We studied the spatiotemporal distribution <strong>of</strong> microseismicity (or acoustic emission in the<br />
laboratory) in a water saturated Flechtingen sandstone as a function <strong>of</strong> triaxial stress conditions<br />
and pore-pressure changes.<br />
We present two different types <strong>of</strong> experiments: In the first experiment triaxial load was<br />
applied to a previously unstressed sample in one loading step and then the deformation was<br />
kept constant while pore pressure pulses <strong>with</strong> increasing magnitude were applied at the bottom<br />
end <strong>of</strong> the sample. In the second experiment we applied additional axial stress between the<br />
pore pressure pulses. This results in a highly fractured rock in the later stage <strong>of</strong> the experiment.<br />
For our analysis we assumed that acoustic events are triggered by the pore pressure increase.<br />
To estimate pore-pressure changes in the sample, we used an analytical solution <strong>of</strong> the linear<br />
1D diffusion equation.<br />
The theoretical analysis <strong>of</strong> the spatiotemporal distribution suggests that for initially<br />
insignificantly stressed samples the acoustic events were triggered by the diffusion <strong>of</strong> a critical<br />
pore-pressure level through the sample. The critical level is controlled by the applied pore<br />
pressure <strong>of</strong> the previous cycle according to an apparent Kaiser effect in terms <strong>of</strong> pore pressure.<br />
This memory effect <strong>of</strong> the rock vanished if additional axial stress was applied to the sample<br />
before the next injection cycle. For the experiment <strong>with</strong> constant deformation the apparent<br />
Kaiser effect can be explained by the change <strong>of</strong> the stress field in the sample. Here the<br />
assumption <strong>of</strong> one failure envelope for all cycles is possible. Whereas for the sample which was<br />
reloaded, the analysis yields different failure envelopes for the consecutive cycles, this means<br />
that the reloading changes not only the stress field in the sample but also the strength <strong>of</strong> the<br />
rock itself. The behaviour <strong>of</strong> a highly fractured rock in the final stage <strong>of</strong> the failure experiments<br />
was different. During the formation <strong>of</strong> the final sample-scale fracture, the spatiotemporal<br />
distribution <strong>of</strong> acoustic emission was more likely controlled by propagation <strong>of</strong> the fracture than<br />
by diffusion <strong>of</strong> a critical pore pressure level.<br />
15-6 17:05 Lenhardt, Wolfgang A.<br />
TREMORS OF THE FIFTH KIND – OBSERVATION OF NEAR SURFACE MOVEMENTS<br />
LENHARDT, Wolfgang A. and MEURERS, Rita, Dept. <strong>of</strong>. Geophysics, Zentralanstalt<br />
fuer Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Hohe Warte 38, Vienna, 1190, Austria,<br />
wolfgang.lenhardt@zamg.ac.at<br />
According to their origin seismic tremors can be grouped in four categories: tectonic<br />
earthquakes, volcanic tremors, collapse events and induced events. The first three are natural<br />
events, whereas the last category deals <strong>with</strong> man-made seismic activity mainly due to mining<br />
operations such as blasts and rockbursts, but also reservoir triggered tremors are part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
last category.<br />
The wealth <strong>of</strong> seismic data from the past years <strong>of</strong> monitoring revealed an additional group <strong>of</strong><br />
seismic events which cannot be attributed to any <strong>of</strong> the before mentioned causes. Such events<br />
are being recognised as seismograms showing a more or less distinct first arrival <strong>of</strong> sometimes<br />
low frequent content, followed sometimes by vague secondary onsets - if at all - , <strong>of</strong> which the<br />
coda carries plenty <strong>of</strong> energy at relatively low frequencies. Few events <strong>of</strong> this kind have been<br />
observed during recent years due to the higher density <strong>of</strong> seismic stations in the Alps. Some <strong>of</strong><br />
those events could clearly be identified as rockfalls, whereas other did not leave any obvious<br />
traces on surface. That a classic rockfall does really constitute a single events but resembles<br />
rather a sequence <strong>of</strong> events or a landslide will be shown <strong>with</strong> a video.<br />
Events <strong>of</strong> this fifth kind, which feature exuberant low frequent seismic wave content, are<br />
thought to be a result <strong>of</strong> near surface movements <strong>of</strong> the rock mass. It is proposed, that they<br />
might incorporate slow slip movements by utilizing existing fault planes, hence emitting distinct<br />
shear waves, or they are a result <strong>of</strong> rockfall-sequences, mountain-splitting or sliding along<br />
bedding planes. Geodetic measurements, aerial photography and dense local seismic networks<br />
should enable us to find out the true nature <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> theses events, which tend to culminate<br />
in the Salzkammergut in Austria. The latter events reached magnitudes <strong>of</strong> approx. 3 <strong>with</strong><br />
macroseismic intensities not exceeding 3-4 degrees due to the low frequent ground motion.
SESSION NO. 16, 14:00<br />
Monday, 5 September 2011<br />
T8E. GIS and 3D-Modeling in Geosciences<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
16-1 14:05 Wessel, Paul<br />
THE GENERIC MAPPING TOOLS (GMT) VERSION 5<br />
WESSEL, Paul, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Geology & Geophysics, SOEST, University <strong>of</strong> Hawaii at Manoa,<br />
1680 East-West Rd #806, Honolulu, HI 96822, pwessel@hawaii.edu, SMITH, Walter H.F.,<br />
Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, NODC, NOAA, 1335 East-West Hwy., Room 5408, Silver<br />
Spring, MD 20910, SCHARROO, Remko, Altimetrics LLC, Cornish, NH 03745, and LUIS,<br />
Joaquim, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal<br />
GMT is a well-established, open source collection <strong>of</strong> tools for manipulating and plotting<br />
geographic and Cartesian data sets (including filtering, trend fitting, gridding, spatial analysis,<br />
mapping, etc.). The s<strong>of</strong>tware produces high-quality PostScript illustrations ranging from simple<br />
x-y plots via contour maps to artificially illuminated surfaces and 3-D perspective views. GMT<br />
supports ~30 map projections and transformations and comes <strong>with</strong> basic support data such<br />
as coastlines, rivers, and political boundaries; it has an estimated user base that far exceeds<br />
10,000 users worldwide. Open source projects lower the cost <strong>of</strong> participation in the science<br />
enterprise, make sharing <strong>of</strong> resources and data simpler, facilitate reproduction and verification<br />
<strong>of</strong> results, and allow for rapid development <strong>of</strong> new capabilities that scientists require. GMT<br />
was initially developed as stand-alone executables that linked to loosely defined relatively<br />
low-level libraries. One limitation <strong>of</strong> this approach is the difficulty in leveraging GMT processing<br />
from other environments than the Unix command line. Because GMT libraries are low-level,<br />
it takes considerable programming effort and expertise to use these in custom applications.<br />
Besides, the library was apt to change frequently. For this reason, custom programs that<br />
need access to GMT’s capabilities have in practice been limited to system calls, forcing use<br />
<strong>of</strong> temporary files for input and output. Version 5 <strong>of</strong> GMT has redesigned the libraries so that<br />
much <strong>of</strong> the high-level functionality <strong>of</strong> the standard GMT executables are now accessible via<br />
a well-defined high-level Application Program Interface (API) and the main programs now<br />
represent prototype examples for future rapid development <strong>of</strong> additional tools. Other under-thehood<br />
changes involve support for multiple cores via OpenMP threading and faster FFTs. We<br />
expect to make the GMT 5 API accessible from a variety <strong>of</strong> programming environments such<br />
as C/C++, Python, Matlab, and Fortran, and will provide complete documentation <strong>of</strong> all highlevel<br />
functions. During the GMT 5 development, many other features have been added, such<br />
as improved compatibility between GMT and GIS applications via GDAL and OGR. Here, we<br />
present an overview <strong>of</strong> the new features <strong>of</strong> GMT and how we envision users and developers<br />
may benefit.<br />
16-2 14:20 Müller, R. Dietmar<br />
GPLATES: FREE SOFTWARE FOR LINKING OBSERVATIONS TO PLATE KINEMATIC AND<br />
DYNAMIC EARTH MODELS<br />
MÜLLER, R. Dietmar, School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09,<br />
Sydney, 2006, Australia, dietmar.muller@sydney.edu.au, GURNIS, Michael, Seismological<br />
Laboratory, California Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 9125,<br />
and TORSVIK, Trond H., Physics <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> Processes and Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway<br />
GPlates (www.gplates.org) is free desktop s<strong>of</strong>tware running on Windows, Linux and MacOS X.<br />
It enables the interactive manipulation <strong>of</strong> plate-tectonic reconstructions and the visualization <strong>of</strong><br />
geodata through geological time. Users can build regional or global plate models, import their<br />
own data and digitise features. GPlates can handle paleomagnetic data, create and display<br />
virtual paleomagnetic poles, and derive absolute plate rotations from them, and an ability to<br />
handle plate deformation is also being implemented. This functionality enables researchers to<br />
address controversies in paleogeography, plate tectonics and deep earth evolution. GPlates<br />
allows users to interactively investigate alternative fits <strong>of</strong> the continents, to test hypotheses <strong>of</strong><br />
supercontinent formation and breakup through time and to unravel the evolution <strong>of</strong> tectonically<br />
complex areas such as the Tethys, the Caribbean and Southeast Asia. Raster files images in<br />
a variety <strong>of</strong> formats can be loaded, assigned to tectonic plates, age-coded and reconstructed<br />
through geological time. The s<strong>of</strong>tware also allows the exporting <strong>of</strong> image sequences for<br />
animations or for publication-quality figure generation as vector graphics files. Plates and plate<br />
boundaries through time can be visualised over mantle tomography image stacks. GPlates is<br />
also designed to enable the linking <strong>of</strong> plate tectonic models <strong>with</strong> mantle convection models.<br />
The s<strong>of</strong>tware allows the construction <strong>of</strong> time-dependent plate boundary topologies as well<br />
as exporting plate polygons and velocity time-sequences. Mantle convection model output<br />
images can be imported and animated <strong>with</strong> plate tectonic reconstructions overlain. GPlates is<br />
interoperable <strong>with</strong> ArcGIS, i.e. it can read and write shapefiles and reconstructed GPlates data<br />
can be exported to be plotted <strong>with</strong> the open-source Generic Mapping Tools. GPlates can further<br />
be used for multidimensional spatio-temporal data analysis via a link to the open-source data<br />
mining s<strong>of</strong>tware Orange. GPlates represents the starting point for an integrated understanding<br />
<strong>of</strong> Earth processes in four dimensions. With an open-source platform, anyone from academia,<br />
government, industry, or the public can now harness the power <strong>of</strong> paleogeographic<br />
reconstructions.<br />
16-3 14:35 Gast, Sascha<br />
GEOLOGICAL 3D-MODELLING AS EVALUATION TOOL OF CO2-STORAGE SITES - ONE<br />
EXAMPLE FROM THE NORTH GERMAN BASIN<br />
GAST, Sascha1 , KUHLMANN, Gesa1 , WIRTH, Holger1 , and MAY, Franz2 , (1) Federal<br />
Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Branch <strong>of</strong>fice Berlin, Wilhelmstr. 25-30,<br />
Berlin, 13593, Germany, sascha.gast@bgr.de, (2) Federal Institute for Geosciences and<br />
Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany<br />
The North German Basin as part <strong>of</strong> the Southern Permian Basin is one <strong>of</strong> the main<br />
sedimentary basins in the European onshore and <strong>of</strong>fshore region <strong>with</strong> good CO2-storage<br />
potential <strong>with</strong>in several stratigraphic intervals. For the German onshore area, a first nationwide<br />
overview <strong>of</strong> suitable reservoir and barrier rocks <strong>of</strong> the deeper subsurface <strong>with</strong> regard to<br />
CO2-storage has recently been developed by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and<br />
Natural Resources (BGR) together <strong>with</strong> the state geological surveys. This overview led to an<br />
areal assessment <strong>of</strong> general formation availability, depths and thicknesses. More detailed<br />
site specific studies, however, are only available at a few locations and more regional and<br />
comprehensive investigations on geological structures <strong>with</strong> their reservoir and seal properties<br />
are still needed.<br />
Here we present a 3D-modelling approach to get a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the regional<br />
geologic and structural development, i.e. burial depth as well as different paleo-environmental<br />
conditions that affect the quality <strong>of</strong> reservoir and seal rocks at a certain location. From a<br />
selected area in the centre <strong>of</strong> the northern German Basin a geological 3D-modell has been<br />
build based on available surface maps and fault polygons. The model area comprises 30 by<br />
SESSION NO. 16<br />
70 km and inhibits 14 stratigraphic horizons from Rotliegend to Quaternary. Secondly, more<br />
detailed information on petrophysical properties has been elaborated from 3 boreholes. Based<br />
on geophysical logs (GR, Sonic, resistivity and density) and other available data like core<br />
descriptions the mineral content (lithology) as well as reservoir characteristic parameters like<br />
porosity and fluid content have been determined by petrophysical methods for two potential<br />
stratigraphic intervals, i.e. Triassic Buntsandstein and Lower Jurassic. These results will serve<br />
as input for further facies and dynamic modelling studies.<br />
16-4 14:50 Arndt, Dirk<br />
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURAL MODELING OF THE FEDERAL STATE OF HESSE<br />
(GERMANY) TO EVALUATE GEO-POTENTIALS<br />
ARNDT, Dirk, BÄR, Kristian, SASS, Ingo, and HOPPE, Andreas, TU Darmstadt,<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstr. 9, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany,<br />
arndt@geo.tu-darmstadt.de<br />
A three dimensional structural model <strong>of</strong> the Federal State <strong>of</strong> Hesse was developed in the<br />
framework <strong>of</strong> a project „3D Modeling <strong>of</strong> the Deep Geothermal Potential <strong>of</strong> Hesse“ (Arndt et al.<br />
2011). The modeling used the s<strong>of</strong>tware GOCAD and incorporates more than 4150 well data<br />
from the Hessian well database hosted by the <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Hesse (HLUG) as well<br />
as from the Hydrocarbon Well Database <strong>of</strong> the German <strong>Geological</strong> Surveys, hosted by the<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Lower Saxony (LBEG). Furthermore, all geological cross sections from<br />
the geological maps and from other literature were taken into account. Additional data such as<br />
contour maps, palaeogeographic maps and theoretical models were used. In order to provide<br />
uncertainty information to third party users more easily, it was integrated into the model itself.<br />
Stratigraphic Grids were created from the structural model and attributed <strong>with</strong> geothermal<br />
reservoir parameters, such as permeability, porosity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity<br />
and temperature (Bär et al. 2011). Depending on these parameters, the model is highly capable<br />
to evaluate geo-potentials. Therefore, a new method for geo-potential evaluation based on the<br />
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) from Saaty (1980) was developed. The method can identify<br />
and visualize different geo-potentials from cell based objects using many different parameters.<br />
In addition to the evaluation <strong>of</strong> the deep geothermal potential the model and the presented<br />
method can be used to evaluate other geo-potentials like potentials for CCS. The intersection<br />
<strong>of</strong> different potentials may then help to identify and visualize their conflicts <strong>of</strong> use and their<br />
synergetic use, respectively.<br />
References<br />
Arndt, D., Bär, K., Fritsche, J.-G., Kracht, M., Sass, I. & Hoppe, A. (2011): 3D structural model<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Federal State <strong>of</strong> Hesse (Germany) for geo-potential evaluation. – Z. dt. Ges. Geowiss.,<br />
162/4 [in review.].<br />
Bär, K., Arndt, D., Fritsche, J.-G., Götz, A.E., Hoppe, A., Kracht, M. & Sass, I. (2011):<br />
3D-Modellierung der tiefengeothermischen Potenziale von Hessen – Eingangsdaten und<br />
Potenzialausweisung. – Z. dt. Ges. Geowiss., 162/4 [in review.].<br />
Saaty (1980): The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource<br />
Allocation. – 287 p., McGraw-Hill, New York.<br />
16-5 15:25 Rupf, Isabel<br />
REGIONAL/TRANSNATIONAL 3D MODELING IN THE UPPER RHINE GRABEN WITHIN THE<br />
INTERREG PROJECT GEORG<br />
RUPF, Isabel1 , ANDERS, Birte1 , BECCALETTO, Laurent2 , DRESMANN, Horst3 , NITSCH,<br />
Edgar1 , TESCH, Jörg4 , and ZUMSPREKEL, Heiko1 , (1) Landesamt für Geologie, Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe<br />
und Bergbau, RP Freiburg, Albertstr. 5, Freiburg i. Br, 79095, Germany, Isabel.Rupf@<br />
rpf.bwl.de, (2) Geology Division, BRGM-French <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, 3 av. Cl. Guillemin,<br />
Orléans, 45060, France, (3) Dept. Angewandte und Umweltgeologie, Institut für Geologie<br />
und Paläontologie, Universität Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Basel, 4056, Switzerland,<br />
(4) Landesamt für Geologie und Bergbau, Postfach 10 02 55, Mainz, 55133, Germany<br />
The EU project GeORG (Geopotentials <strong>of</strong> the deep Upper Rhine Graben) aims at a<br />
transnational digital 3D model and database allowing statements about deep geopotentials,<br />
e.g. geothermal energy, thermal and mineral waters, CO sequestration and storage <strong>of</strong><br />
2<br />
compressed air. The 3D model has a size <strong>of</strong> approx. 270 x 50 x 6 km.<br />
The Upper Rhine Graben (URG) is a complex rift and wrench system representing the<br />
central segment <strong>of</strong> the European Cenozic Rift System. The Cenozoic graben fill <strong>of</strong> the URG<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> sedimentary layers, salt walls and local volcanic rocks underlain by Mesozoic and<br />
late Paleozoic units. Due to changing kinematics, the URG is tectonically highly-deformed by<br />
normal faults and large strike-slip structures.<br />
Modeling <strong>of</strong> the complex block tectonics is one <strong>of</strong> the challenges to the project. Around 2000<br />
drillings, 5400 km 2D seismic reflection data, hydrogeological, and geothermal data sets and<br />
results <strong>of</strong> previous projects are used to generate and parametrize the 3D model. These input<br />
data sets have various sources and acquisition dates which have to be standardized and<br />
harmonized prior to further analysis.<br />
Seismic analysis and 3D modeling is performed <strong>with</strong> SeisVision and Gocad. As the input<br />
data have been measured <strong>with</strong> different methods (drillings in meter below well location,<br />
seismics in travel time), building a velocity model is essential for a combined analysis. Faults,<br />
well recognizable horizons, salt walls, and volcanic bodies are modeled directly in time domain<br />
<strong>with</strong> the help <strong>of</strong> seismic pr<strong>of</strong>iles and wells. Horizons <strong>with</strong> poor seismic impedance contrasts are<br />
added subsequent to time-depth-conversion <strong>of</strong> the model by means <strong>of</strong> thickness distributions.<br />
This is especially applied for Mesozoic units. After the modeling <strong>of</strong> surfaces all objects are<br />
transformed into a volume model and parametrized <strong>with</strong> hydrogeological and geothermal<br />
properties. The presentation focuses on the 3D modeling workflow.<br />
The final products <strong>of</strong> GeORG will comprise reports and publications <strong>with</strong> a wide range <strong>of</strong><br />
thematic maps and geological cross sections. The maps will be published as web services and<br />
mapserver applications on the GeORG website (www.geopotenziale.org). GeORG started in<br />
October 2008 <strong>with</strong> French, German and Swiss partners and is funded by the EU programme<br />
INTERREG IV A Upper Rhine.<br />
16-6 15:40 Etzold, Sven<br />
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRYWIDE HYDROGEOLOGICAL 3D<br />
DATABASE OF SAXONY<br />
ETZOLD, Sven1 , TORCHALA, Bernd1 , BLOCK, Carsten2 , and RICHTER, Jens2 ,<br />
(1) Beak Consultants GmbH, Am St. Niclas Schacht 13, Freiberg, 09599, Germany,<br />
sven.etzold@beak.de, (2) Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und<br />
Geologie, Halsbrücker Str. 31a, Freiberg, 09599, Germany<br />
In the scope <strong>of</strong> several projects, a 3D database storing the hydrogeological bodies was realised<br />
for the Saxonian State Authority for Environment, Agriculture and Geology. The two main<br />
targets <strong>of</strong> the projects are:<br />
1. Feasible and consistent storage <strong>of</strong> geometry and attributes <strong>of</strong> hydrogeological bodies <strong>of</strong> the<br />
whole federal state <strong>of</strong> Saxony, Germany.<br />
2. Fast analysis and visualisation by creating axis parallel cross sections including comprehensive<br />
tools for data query.<br />
Target 1 was succeeded by implementing a complex workflow containing the modelling<br />
using any 3D modelling s<strong>of</strong>tware by external contractors, the comprehensive error checking<br />
procedures, and import to the central database.<br />
Munich, Germany A21<br />
Monday
SESSION NO. 16<br />
To succeed target 2, an ArcGIS-Extension for visualization <strong>of</strong> 3D data and factual data was<br />
created.<br />
The information system consists <strong>of</strong> separated databases for 3D-, GIS- and factual data. The<br />
3D data will be stored in a regular raster (location) and real elevation. This data model allows<br />
the topological correct storage and best performance to construct axis parallel cross sections.<br />
Furthermore it is quite simple and therefore appropriate for import from and export to other 3D<br />
models.<br />
Especially the links between 3D-, GIS- and factual data assures the consistent data storage.<br />
The system was installed in 2010. Further functions and modules are currently being<br />
developed, e.g. an interface to 3D modelling systems (here: GOCAD) and 3D visualisation<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware (here: GEOCANDO).<br />
The presentation will explain the basic concept <strong>of</strong> the data model and the currently<br />
developed functions.<br />
16-7 15:55 Knobloch, Andreas<br />
PREDICTION OF RAINFALL-GENERATED SOIL EROSION PROCESSES WITH ARTIFICIAL<br />
NEURAL NETWORKS AND GIS<br />
KNOBLOCH, Andreas, NOACK, Silke, BARTH, Andreas, ZEIDLER, Matthias Karl,<br />
ETZOLD, Sven, and BENNEWITZ, Evelyn, Beak Consultants GmbH, Am St. Niclas<br />
Schacht 13, Freiberg, 09599, Germany, andreas.knobloch@beak.de<br />
Natural events such as rainfall-generated soil erosion processes are usually caused by<br />
complex interaction <strong>of</strong> factors. Due to the lack <strong>of</strong> data and knowledge about the details <strong>of</strong><br />
many geo-processes, mathematical and analytical models cannot be successfully applied<br />
<strong>with</strong> reasonable effort. Methods <strong>of</strong> artificial intelligence (artificial neural networks: ANN) on the<br />
other hand represent a reliable tool to analyse the causal relationships based on the available<br />
knowledge. This approach is working <strong>with</strong> a reasonable effort in terms <strong>of</strong> data processing,<br />
model design and computation time. The s<strong>of</strong>tware advangeo® was developed by Beak to<br />
enable ESRI ArcGIS users to apply methods <strong>of</strong> ANN on raster geodata.<br />
Advangeo® has been used in three different case studies to predict the probability <strong>of</strong><br />
extensive soil erosion, soil creeping and the formation <strong>of</strong> erosion gullies. The first two study<br />
areas, Klingenberg and Tharandt / Freital, are located in the Weisseritz catchment in Saxony,<br />
Germany. The third study site, Limpopo region, is located in the northeastern region <strong>of</strong> South<br />
Africa. In all three areas, precipitation events characterized by long durations and/or high<br />
intensities lead to the dislocation <strong>of</strong> soil material.<br />
The main controlling factors governing the soil erosion include terrain attributes (slope<br />
and flow accumulation; to a lesser extent aspect, pr<strong>of</strong>ile and plan curvature and flow length);<br />
percent composition <strong>of</strong> top soil (i.e. soil particle size – fine, medium, coarse); dip direction <strong>of</strong><br />
covering geological units and land use (e.g. arable land, pastures, forests, urban areas).<br />
For modeling, a Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) approach was used. The artificial neural network<br />
was trained <strong>with</strong> various learning algorithms, activation functions and parameters. Acceptable<br />
results were attained <strong>with</strong> the Resilient Back Propagation (RPROP) algorithm, in combination<br />
<strong>with</strong> a sigmoid activation function.<br />
Finally, the trained ANN model was used to plan erosion prevention measures. Landscape<br />
elements such as hedgerows were added into the model as barriers on slopes that were<br />
especially susceptible to erosional processes. The subsequent network run confirmed the<br />
successful mitigation <strong>of</strong> the predicted erosion processes. With this approach, prevention<br />
measures could be optimized (number and location <strong>of</strong> barriers), thereby facilitating the<br />
conservation <strong>of</strong> funds.<br />
16-8 16:10 Thapa, Prem B.<br />
SPATIAL INTEGRATION OF GEO-ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES FOR MODELLING OF<br />
LANDSLIDE HAZARD AND RISK, CENTRAL NEPAL HIMALAYA<br />
THAPA, Prem B., HOPPE, Andreas, and LEHNÉ, Rouwen J., Institut für Angewandte<br />
Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, Darmstadt,<br />
64287, Germany, thapa@geo.tu-darmstadt.de<br />
GIS-based comprehensive computations have been carried out to quantify landslide hazard<br />
and risk in the central Nepal Himalaya where an extreme weather event <strong>of</strong> 19–21 July<br />
1993 triggered a large number <strong>of</strong> landslides, debris flows and floods that caused extensive<br />
infrastructure damages and human fatalities. Spatial integration <strong>of</strong> geo-environmental<br />
variables has focused on digital elevation model, geo-lithology, slope gradient, land use and<br />
intense rainstorm. Database was acquired semi-automatically from different sources: existing<br />
digital data, image processing and field surveying. Characteristic features <strong>of</strong> landslides were<br />
evaluated based on frequency statistics and analytical combinations. Analysis reveals that most<br />
<strong>of</strong> the landslides were strongly triggered by topography and complex geological characteristics<br />
<strong>of</strong> the terrain; slope gradient and bed rock layering factors are statistically significant slope<br />
instability factors. Natural slope angle is the most distinct pre-disposing factor for likelihood,<br />
distribution and characteristics <strong>of</strong> landslides. The slope angles for landslide initiation varied<br />
from 15° to 35° <strong>with</strong> critical angle <strong>of</strong> 27°. Bedrock layering is another important explanatory<br />
variable which caused the spatial localization <strong>of</strong> slope failures.<br />
A multivariate model was developed to assess landslide hazard and risk by a logistic<br />
regression method that uses the input factors as independent variables and the presence/<br />
absence <strong>of</strong> landslides as a dependent variable. Results <strong>of</strong> the model have been optimised<br />
by adjusting the input variables in an iterative process. Cross verification <strong>of</strong> landslide hazard<br />
map pointed out those areas <strong>of</strong> high susceptible zones show significant indications <strong>of</strong> slope<br />
instability marked by landslides, erosion and subsidence. Good correlation exists between the<br />
areas predicted as ‘high’ probability <strong>of</strong> hazard and the known landslides. Areas in high to very<br />
high hazardous zones that are devoid <strong>of</strong> landslides indicate potential landslide zones. Risk<br />
probability <strong>of</strong> the study area exhibited that 15.4 per cent <strong>of</strong> population lives on highly hazardous<br />
landslide-prone areas. Blending infrastructure and settlement areas <strong>with</strong> the hazard/risk<br />
delineated map has enabled the assessment <strong>of</strong> buildings, highway and foot trails distribution<br />
according to different levels <strong>of</strong> vulnerability scenarios.<br />
A22 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
SESSION NO. 17, 08:30<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
S2. Plenary: Regional-Scale Processes: Plate<br />
Boundary Evolution and Deformation in Convergent<br />
Settings: The Alpine-Himalayan Collision Zone<br />
(LMU Fragile Earth Fund; German Science<br />
Foundation (DFG))<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, E 120<br />
(Grosse Aula)<br />
17-1 08:35 Schmid, Stefan M.<br />
ARCHITECTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE ALPINE-MEDITERRANEAN COLLISION ZONE<br />
SCHMID, Stefan M., Institut für Geophysik, Swiss Federal Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology (ETH),<br />
Sonneggstrasse 5, Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland, stefan.schmid@unibas.ch<br />
The Alps exhibit a subduction polarity opposite to most Mediterranean orogens. They<br />
exceptionally well preserve the crustal and lithosphere-scale architecture due to “hard” collision<br />
during Cretaceous to Cenozoic Adria-Europe plate convergence (Schmid et al. 2006; Handy<br />
et al 2010). The Dinarides-Hellenides further to the east exhibit a subduction polarity <strong>with</strong> Adria<br />
occupying a lower plate position. The Dinaridic-Hellenidic orogen started to form by obduction<br />
<strong>of</strong> very young oceanic lithosphere derived from the northern branch <strong>of</strong> Neotethys onto Adria<br />
in latest Jurassic times, i.e. at the same time the Alpine Tethys started to open (Schmid et al.<br />
2008). Massive roll back in the Aegean, starting in Late Eocene times, did not alter the polarity<br />
<strong>of</strong> subduction but led to extension in the upper plate at a rate that approximately equals rate <strong>of</strong><br />
subduction.<br />
The transition from subduction driven by overall Africa-Europe plate convergence (“hard<br />
collision”) to subduction induced by the negative buoyancy <strong>of</strong> the subducting slab (“s<strong>of</strong>t<br />
collision”) led to a more dramatic reorganization <strong>with</strong>in the Western Mediterranean realm<br />
starting in latest Eocene times. This reorganization led to the opening <strong>of</strong> large new oceanic<br />
domains in the Western Mediterranean while old branches <strong>of</strong> Alpine Tethys totally disappeared<br />
by subduction or obduction, and additionally, to a reversal <strong>of</strong> subduction polarity affecting the<br />
SW intra-oceanic prolongation <strong>of</strong> the former Alps (Handy et al 2010). Rollback subduction <strong>of</strong><br />
the Ligurian part <strong>of</strong> Alpine Tethys attached to the Adria microplate involved the formation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
eastward retreating Calabrian arc since about 35 Ma ago, linked to orogeny in the Apennines<br />
and Northern Africa. The westward retreating Gibraltar arc represents a second arc-trench<br />
system. These reorganizations were driven primarily by the pull <strong>of</strong> the gravitationally unstable,<br />
retreating oceanic parts <strong>of</strong> the Adriatic and African slabs during slow convergence <strong>of</strong> Africa and<br />
Europe.<br />
Handy, M. R., Schmid, S.M., Bousquet, R., Kissling, E. & Bernoulli, D., 2010. Earth-Science<br />
Reviews 102, 121–158.<br />
Schmid, S.M., Fügenschuh, B., Kissling, E. and Schuster, R., 2004. Eclogae geologicae<br />
Helvetiae 97: 93-117.<br />
Schmid, S.M., Bernoulli, D., Fügenschuh, B., Matenco, L., Schefer, S., Schuster, R., Tischler,<br />
M. & Ustaszewski, K., 2008. Swiss Journal <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, 101(1): 139-183.<br />
17-2 09:15 Spakman, Wim<br />
A TOMOGRAPHIC VIEW ON SUBDUCTION DYNAMICS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN-<br />
TETHYAN REALM<br />
SPAKMAN, Wim, Mantle Dynamics, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Utrecht University,<br />
Budapestlaan 4, Utrecht 3584 CD Netherlands, wims@geo.uu.nl<br />
Seismic travel-time tomography <strong>of</strong> upper and lower mantle structure has helped tremendously<br />
in advancing our understanding <strong>of</strong> subduction and collision processes all around the globe. This<br />
presentation concerns mantle structure related to subduction systems in the Mediterranean<br />
and Tethyan realm <strong>of</strong> which some have been active for more than 100 My. Although<br />
tomography provides our only means to obtain a 3D view on our planets interior, interpretation<br />
<strong>of</strong> a tomographic model is usually not straightforward and is not unique. Input from other earth<br />
science disciplines is needed to focus interpretations and built useful working hypothesis about<br />
linking deep structure to surface evolution. This has led to challenging views and hypotheses<br />
about the geodynamic evolution <strong>of</strong> the Mediterranean and Tethyan realm usually involving<br />
slab detachment or other slab rupture leaving slab remnants behind. In this presentation, an<br />
overview <strong>of</strong> results will be presented <strong>with</strong> some focus on the Mediterranean.<br />
17-3 09:55 Becker, Thorsten W.<br />
ON THE ROLE OF UPPER MANTLE FLOW IN THE ALPINE-HIMALAYAN COLLISION<br />
BECKER, Thorsten W., Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Southern California,<br />
3651 Trousdale Parkway, Zumberge Hall 117, Los Angeles, CA 90089-074, twb@<br />
usc.edu and FACCENNA, Claudio, Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università<br />
Roma Tre, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo 1, Roma, 00146, Italy<br />
Collisional belts are generated by the arrival <strong>of</strong> continental lithosphere into a subduction zone,<br />
leading to stacking <strong>of</strong> crustal slices during indentation. The Tethyan suture from the Bitlis to<br />
the Himalayas is a prime example where the Arabian and Indian plates collided <strong>with</strong> Eurasia<br />
during the Cenozoic, generating the highest mountain belts on Earth (Argand, 1924). While<br />
the kinematics <strong>of</strong> this process are well established, its dynamics are more uncertain. India<br />
and Arabia intriguingly keep advancing in spite <strong>of</strong> large collisional resisting forces. We present<br />
results from global mantle circulation computations that allow testing the role <strong>of</strong> deep mantle<br />
flow as a driving force for the kinematics <strong>of</strong> the Tethyan collisional belt. Using high resolution<br />
models, we can evaluate different boundary conditions, such as variations in plate boundary<br />
geometry and strength, and mantle density distributions as inferred from seismic tomography<br />
or slab models. We show that mantle flow provides an explanation for much <strong>of</strong> the observed<br />
dynamic topography and microplate motion in the Mediterranean mobile belt. These models<br />
highlight intriguing links between subduction, small-scale convection and surface tectonics,<br />
<strong>with</strong> implications for other settings such as the western United States. Our results also show<br />
that mantle drag exerted on the base <strong>of</strong> the lithosphere by a large-scale upwelling rooted<br />
underneath Africa is likely the main cause for the ongoing indentation <strong>of</strong> the Indian and Arabian<br />
plates into Eurasia.
SESSION NO. 18, 11:00<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
Special Session: Recent Megathrust Earthquakes<br />
and Tsunamis: Observations and Processes I<br />
(LMU Fragile Earth Fund; GSA International Section;<br />
GSA Structural Geology and Tectonics Division)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
18-1 11:05 Kopp, Heidrun<br />
SUBDUCTION SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FOREARC MORPHOLOGY: CONTROL ON<br />
SEISMOGENIC RUPTURE<br />
KOPP, Heidrun, Dynamics <strong>of</strong> the Ocean Floor, IFM-GEOMAR, Wischh<strong>of</strong>str. 1-3,<br />
Kiel 24148 Germany, hkopp@ifm-geomar.de<br />
Improving our understanding <strong>of</strong> what governs the magnitude, source region and recurrence<br />
interval <strong>of</strong> subduction zone earthquakes constitutes one <strong>of</strong> the most pressing issues in<br />
geosciences today. One <strong>of</strong> the problems we are facing results from the fact that large parts<br />
<strong>of</strong> the seismogenic zone and forearc are commonly submerged in deep water and difficult to<br />
access at the majority <strong>of</strong> margins. Marine geophysical techniques, which are able to image<br />
the complex structures in these settings <strong>with</strong> sufficient coherency and depth penetration,<br />
have evolved in recent years and may thus provide the observational foundation from which<br />
to assess the spatial and temporal variation <strong>of</strong> interplate seismicity. The 2004 Sumatra<br />
earthquake sparked many <strong>of</strong> the questions addressed here: why, along a single convergent<br />
margin, do some segments produce large megathrust events whereas other portions <strong>of</strong> the<br />
very same margin only nucleate earthquakes <strong>of</strong> moderate magnitude? How and why are<br />
devastating tsunamis generated in both segments? These observations implicate the notion<br />
that individual subduction zones or segments there<strong>of</strong> differ in their structure and geometry<br />
to induce such diverse behavior. Geophysical imaging shows margin segmentation to be far<br />
more complex than previously inferred. The Sunda accretionary wedge was a type-example<br />
<strong>of</strong> ‘steady-state’ accretion forming a uniform body <strong>of</strong> imbricate thrusts. However, the newly<br />
observed segmentation <strong>of</strong> structure across-strike correlates to mechanics that vary during an<br />
earthquake cycle. Furthermore, the recognition <strong>of</strong> splay faults and their potential role in tsunami<br />
excitation represents an important advance for hazard mitigation efforts. In addition, the impact<br />
<strong>of</strong> lower plate structural diversity on along-strike segmentation is documented. Comparative<br />
studies from subduction zones around the globe show the identified structures to be consistent<br />
in different margin settings.<br />
18-2 11:35 Rosenau, Matthias<br />
FAULT SYNCHRONIZATION AND THE LIKELIHOOD OF GIANT EARTHQUAKES ALONG<br />
SUBDUCTION MEGATHRUSTS<br />
ROSENAU, Matthias, Lithosphere Dynamics, GFZ Postdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam,<br />
14473, Germany, rosen@gfz-potsdam.de and ONCKEN, Onno, GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam,<br />
14473, Germany<br />
Subduction zone megathrust earthquakes may grow into giant M>9 events by unzipping the<br />
plate boundary fault along a length larger than its seismogenic thickness. Existing hypotheses<br />
on which physical properties control along strike rupture propagation have been falsified<br />
by nature: The giant 2004 Sumatra and 2011 Japan earthquakes occurred where slab age,<br />
subduction velocity and interplate roughness were regarded indicative <strong>of</strong> not generating giant<br />
events. Similarly, geometric features or creeping zones have been shown to not necessarily<br />
form a barrier to rupture propagation (e.g. during the 2010 Chile earthquake). The question<br />
<strong>of</strong> “why” therefore translates into the question <strong>of</strong> “how likely” a megathrust earthquake can<br />
grow into a giant event. Assuming that subduction zone type plate boundary faults are<br />
segmented into locked and creeping regions (potential asperities and barriers, respectively),<br />
we here argue that giant earthquakes occur more likely when neighboring fault segments are<br />
sufficiently synchronized in their seismic cycles to allow a concerted, multi-segment failure.<br />
We investigate the process <strong>of</strong> fault synchronization in the presence <strong>of</strong> stress transfer using<br />
analytical, statistical and analogue models <strong>of</strong> subduction zones. We newly define a proxy<br />
<strong>of</strong> synchronization: the degree <strong>of</strong> phase locking. The simulation results show that the latter<br />
correlates <strong>with</strong> static stress transfer between the fault segments which is a nonlinear function<br />
<strong>of</strong> asperity depth and distance. Accordingly, over few tens <strong>of</strong> simulated seismic cycles the<br />
segments can become transiently phase locked (i.e. highly synchronized failure <strong>of</strong> neighboring<br />
segments) for stress transfer as little as 1/1000 <strong>of</strong> coseimic stress drop. These observations are<br />
typical <strong>of</strong> “weakly coupled” oscillators elsewhere in physics and the values <strong>of</strong> “stress coupling”<br />
realized in the models correspond to natural asperity spacing <strong>of</strong> few tens <strong>of</strong> kilometers as<br />
is typically observed in subduction zones. We therefore argue that while giant earthquakes<br />
may theoretically occur in every subduction zone, they are more likely in those zones where<br />
asperities are narrowly spaced (< 100 km) and seismic cycles highly synchronized, both states<br />
potentially observable in nature by means <strong>of</strong> geodetic and paleoseismological methods.<br />
18-3 11:50 Carena, Sara<br />
SUBDUCTING-PLATE TOPOGRAPHY AND NUCLEATION OF GREAT AND GIANT<br />
EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE SOUTH AMERICA TRENCH<br />
CARENA, Sara, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geology, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich 80333 Germany, scarena@iaag.geo.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Earthquakes <strong>of</strong> M ≥8.5 along the South <strong>America</strong> trench commonly have epicenters close to the<br />
w<br />
intersection between the trench and the oceanic fracture zones and associated ridges on the<br />
subducting Nazca plate. The age difference in the ocean floor across fracture zones results in<br />
a bathymetric step. This step is preserved in the shallow part <strong>of</strong> the subducting plate, forming<br />
a lateral ramp that spans the full width <strong>of</strong> the subduction thrust seismogenic zone. Lateral<br />
ramps on subduction thrusts, like their equivalents on smaller thrusts in orogenic belts, are<br />
regions <strong>of</strong> increased mechanical coupling and thus likely nucleation sites for very large thrust<br />
events. Three such ramps along the South <strong>America</strong> trench that have the potential to nucleate<br />
M ≥8.5 earthquakes have not been involved in such events for at least 100-500 years. Only<br />
w<br />
a paleoseismological record significantly longer than the historically available 500 years and<br />
adequate geodetic observations would tell whether the typical long-term behavior <strong>of</strong> these<br />
ramps is aseismic creep, or infrequent giant earthquakes.<br />
SESSION NO. 18<br />
18-4 12:05 Müller, Dietmar<br />
GREAT EARTHQUAKES AND THE SUBDUCTION OF ASEISMIC RIDGES, VOLCANIC<br />
CHAINS AND FRACTURE ZONES<br />
MÜLLER, Dietmar and LANDGREBE, Thomas C.W., School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Sydney, Madsen Blg F09, Sydney, 2006, Australia, dietmar.muller@sydney.edu.au<br />
The unexpected 11 March 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan has reinvigorated a debate<br />
about the need to better understand earthquake supercycles on timescales <strong>of</strong> up to 1000<br />
years and more, which may defy prediction using traditional methods. Global digital data<br />
sets represent a promising source <strong>of</strong> information for a multi-dimensional earthquake hazard<br />
analysis. We combine the NGDC global Significant Earthquakes database <strong>with</strong> a global strain<br />
rate map, gridded ages <strong>of</strong> the ocean floor, and a recently produced digital data set for oceanic<br />
fracture zones, major aseismic ridges and volcanic chains to investigate the association <strong>of</strong><br />
earthquakes as a function <strong>of</strong> magnitude <strong>with</strong> age <strong>of</strong> the downgoing slab and convergence<br />
rates. Emphasis is placed on subduction zone segments that intersect <strong>with</strong> linear seafloor<br />
highs. We use a so-called Top-N recommendation method, a technology originally developed<br />
to search, sort, classify, and filter very large and <strong>of</strong>ten statistically skewed data sets on the<br />
internet, to analyse the association <strong>of</strong> subduction earthquakes sorted by magnitude <strong>with</strong><br />
key parameters. The Top-N analysis is used to progressively assess how strongly particular<br />
“tectonic niche” locations (e.g. locations along subduction zones intersected <strong>with</strong> aseismic<br />
ridges or volcanic chains) are associated <strong>with</strong> sets <strong>of</strong> earthquakes in sorted order in a given<br />
magnitude range. As the total number N <strong>of</strong> sorted earthquakes is increased, by progressively<br />
including smaller-magnitude events, the so-called recall is computed, defined as the number <strong>of</strong><br />
Top-N earthquakes associated <strong>with</strong> particular target areas divided by N. The resultant statistical<br />
measure represents an intuitive description <strong>of</strong> the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> a given set <strong>of</strong> parameters in<br />
accounting for the location <strong>of</strong> significant earthquakes on record. We find that different classes<br />
<strong>of</strong> subducting linear seafloor highs have vastly different effects in terms <strong>of</strong> their association<br />
<strong>with</strong> megathrust earthquakes, <strong>with</strong> fracture zones playing a much more significant role than<br />
aseismic ridges and volcanic chains. In addition we find that the age <strong>of</strong> the downgoing plate<br />
and convergence rates only weakly correlate <strong>with</strong> the magnitude <strong>of</strong> recorded earthquakes at<br />
intersection points between linear seafloor highs and subduction zones.<br />
18-5 12:20 López, Allan<br />
HOLISTIC FAULT REACTIVATION SCENARIOS LINKED TO THE LONG EXPECTED NEW<br />
EDITION OF THE NICOYA BIG ONE EARTHQUAKE, COSTA RICA<br />
LÓPEZ, Allan, Engineering Geology, I.C.E, UEN PYSA, Sabana Norte, San Josè 1000<br />
Costa Rica, alopezs@ice.go.cr<br />
Based on the recent short term recurrence <strong>of</strong> highly destructive earthquakes in NW Costa<br />
Rica (1900,1950,1990) several researchers have proposed a “big one“ Mw 7,6 event <strong>with</strong>in<br />
the Nicoya peninsula in NW Costa Rica where the smooth sea bottom <strong>of</strong> the east pacific rise<br />
originated Cocos plate subducts the Caribbean plate at a rate <strong>of</strong> 11cm/year towards N30°E<br />
along the 5/m.y. old Middle <strong>America</strong> trench. Ongoing controversy (forecast wrt prediction) is<br />
based mainly on the lack <strong>of</strong> reliable instrumental data needed to constrain the seismic cycle<br />
and generate a plausible model from representative databases although no doubt exist about<br />
its highly destructive potential. Recent studies also assigns high seismic hazard to some other<br />
regions <strong>with</strong>in the Caribbean plate-Panamá microplate, for example at southern Costa Ricanorthern<br />
Panamá where the triple junction <strong>of</strong> the Nazca-Cocos-Caribbean imposes a complex<br />
and quite active seismotectonic setting.<br />
To help decipher this context a fault reactivation scenario is here<strong>with</strong> presented built from<br />
a joint application <strong>of</strong> the Coulomb Failure Stress ( CFS) and Slip Tendency (ST) methods.<br />
The former yields a 3D vision <strong>of</strong> the affected crustal volumes <strong>with</strong> increased seismic hazard<br />
induced by the expected earthquake at the megatrust Nicoya interface and the latter the<br />
geomechanical likelyhood <strong>of</strong> induced displacements on known or suspected and outcropping<br />
or blind regional faults. The results indicate that the area to be affected is about 9.000 km2 , <strong>with</strong><br />
colateral damage to central Costa Rica <strong>with</strong> its dense concentration <strong>of</strong> social and economic<br />
infrastructure and the southern edge <strong>of</strong> Nicaragua. Vertical modeled displacements could be in<br />
the range <strong>of</strong> 0.22 m to 0.35 m.<br />
The thrust, strike-slip and normal regional structures to be reactivated by the transfer <strong>of</strong><br />
static Coulomb stresses are categorized and zoned while the ST confirms the same scenario.<br />
Incidence in the behavior <strong>of</strong> active volcanoes can not be ignored as demonstrated in the<br />
Pinatubo and Vesuvious volcanotectonic sequences. These results are a new insight, an<br />
original approach and a contribution to the evaluation <strong>of</strong> seismic hazards in Costa Rica and a<br />
suggested method to be applied elsewhere.<br />
18-6 12:35 Rieger, Stefanie<br />
VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT ABOVE A SUBDUCTION ZONE (SW CRETE): SPATIAL<br />
COINCIDENCE OF CO- AND INTERSEISMIC SURFACE UPLIFT — FROM HISTORIC DATA<br />
AND PERSISTENT SCATTERER INTERFEROMETRY ANALYSIS<br />
RIEGER, Stefanie1 , ADAM, Nico2 , and FRIEDRICH, Anke M. 1 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth<br />
and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Luisenstr. 37, Munich,<br />
80333, Germany, Stefanie.Rieger@iaag.geo.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Deutsches Zentrum für<br />
Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung, Oberpfaffenh<strong>of</strong>en,<br />
82234, Germany<br />
The occurrence <strong>of</strong> large earthquakes at subduction zones requires the accumulation<br />
and sudden release <strong>of</strong> large amounts <strong>of</strong> elastically stored energy, which builds up when<br />
the plate interface is locked. This leads to elastic bending and in turn to transient vertical<br />
surface displacement <strong>of</strong> both, the down-going and the upper plate during the seismic cycle.<br />
Quantification <strong>of</strong> this transient vertical deformation behaviour, therefore, provides important<br />
constraints on models <strong>of</strong> the “earthquake cycle”. We collected vertical displacement data on<br />
the island <strong>of</strong> Crete using radar interferometry. The island is an ideal test case to observe the<br />
interseismic vertical surface motion due to its proximity to the Hellenic subduction zone. The<br />
island was affected by large earthquakes in the past, e.g., in 365 AD a M > 8 earthquake<br />
S<br />
occurred along a reverse fault ~70 km SW <strong>of</strong> Crete, and induced sudden vertical uplift <strong>of</strong> the<br />
SW part <strong>of</strong> the island <strong>of</strong> up to 9 m. The recently developed Persistent Scatterer Interferometry<br />
(PSI) provides a new tool to quantify vertical motion <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s surface <strong>with</strong> millimeter<br />
accuracy and a wide spatial coverage <strong>of</strong> hundreds <strong>of</strong> kilometers. For the PSI method scatterers,<br />
which are stable over a long time, are observed. We used the observational PSI system (PSI-<br />
GENESIS) for wide areas, developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Data <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ERS-1 & -2 satellites were used for the PSI analysis. The results <strong>of</strong> the PSI observation show<br />
a surface uplift <strong>of</strong> up to 10 mm/yr <strong>of</strong> the SW part <strong>of</strong> the island. Surprisingly, the active uplift<br />
pattern coincides <strong>with</strong> the region that underwent co-seismic uplift <strong>of</strong> up to 9 m in 365 AD. Our<br />
preliminary findings are inconsistent <strong>with</strong> those expected based on currently accepted models<br />
<strong>of</strong> vertical surface displacement during the seismic cylcle, where opposite motion patterns<br />
would be predicted during the co-seismic versus the interseismic phase. A similar pattern has<br />
been observed for the Tohoku-Oki earthquake in March 2011. More generally, interseismic<br />
strain accumulation in SW Crete implies that the subduction zone interface is at least partly<br />
locked and hence may produce another large earthquake in the future.<br />
Munich, Germany A23<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 19<br />
SESSION NO. 19, 11:00<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T2A. Subduction and Collision Processes Through<br />
Time in the Mediterranean Area — From the Deep<br />
Mantle to the Surface I (GSA International Section,<br />
German Science Foundation (DFG))<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 021<br />
19-1 11:05 Faccenna, Claudio<br />
SUBDUCTION AND MANTLE DYNAMICS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN<br />
FACCENNA, Claudio, Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università Roma Tre,<br />
Largo San Leonardo Murialdo 1, Roma 00146 Italy, faccenna@uniroma3.it<br />
More than century <strong>of</strong> geological and geophysical studies have been devoted to understand the<br />
geodynamic evolution <strong>of</strong> the Mediterranean and <strong>of</strong> the Alpine belt, starting from the discovery<br />
<strong>of</strong> the large scale overthrust and <strong>of</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong> oceanic rocks in the Alps. During the<br />
last decades several geophysics and geological projects have been carried out and different<br />
models have been proposed to explain the evolution <strong>of</strong> the Alpine belt and <strong>of</strong> its surrounding<br />
deep oceanic-floored basins.<br />
Here, we present the Mediterranean as a test site to understand the linkage between surface<br />
tectonic structures and the style <strong>of</strong> mantle convection, combining different sets <strong>of</strong> data, such<br />
as past and present-day plate kinematics, tectonic evolution, mantle tomography to unravel<br />
the style and the history <strong>of</strong> subduction. The model validity is tested using experimental and<br />
numerical simulation. The result <strong>of</strong> this analysis allows a complete backtrack <strong>of</strong> the mantle flow<br />
field during the last 30 Ma, giving insight into fundamental process such as the style <strong>of</strong> mantle<br />
convection, including the interaction <strong>of</strong> the slab <strong>with</strong> the 660 km discontinuity, the disruption <strong>of</strong><br />
the slab, microplate formation and dynamic topography signal.<br />
19-2 11:25 Gutscher, Marc-Andre<br />
THE GIBRALTAR SUBDUCTION: A DECADE OF NEW GEOPHYSICAL DATA AND THE<br />
IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL KINEMATICS AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT<br />
GUTSCHER, Marc-Andre1 , DOMINGUEZ, Stephane2 , WESTBROOK, Graham3 , LE ROY,<br />
Pascal1 , ROSAS, Filipe4 , DUARTE, Joao4 , TERRINHA, Pedro5 , MIRANDA, Jorge Miguel6 ,<br />
GAILLER, Audrey7 , and SALLARES, Valenti8 , (1) Domaines Oceaniques UMR6538,<br />
CNRS, IUEM, Univ. Brest, Pl. N. Copernic, Plouzane, F-29280, France, gutscher@<br />
univ-brest.fr, (2) Geosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, 34000,<br />
France, (3) School <strong>of</strong> Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom, (4) Department <strong>of</strong> Geology,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal, (5) Dept. <strong>of</strong> Marine Geology, LNEG,<br />
Estrada da Portela, Zambujal - Alfragide, Amadora, 2720-866, Portugal, (6) Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Geophysics, University <strong>of</strong> Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal, (7) Commissariat à<br />
l’Energie Atomique, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, F-91297, France, (8) Marine Technology Unit,<br />
CMIMA-CSIC, Barcelona, 08003, Spain<br />
The Gibraltar arc in the Southern Iberia region is one <strong>of</strong> the most complex portions <strong>of</strong> the<br />
modern day Africa - Eurasia plate boundary. Geophysical data acquired in the past decade<br />
(seismic pr<strong>of</strong>iling, tomography, hypocenters and other seismological data) reveal a narrow<br />
subduction zone here, dipping steeply to the east. Recently acquired seismic refraction data<br />
<strong>of</strong>fshore SW Portugal indicate the presence <strong>of</strong> oceanic crust in the western Gulf <strong>of</strong> Cadiz.<br />
Travel-time tomography <strong>of</strong> the upper mantle images a steep, east dipping high-velocity body,<br />
which is continuous <strong>with</strong> Atlantic oceanic lithosphere. Recent studies <strong>of</strong> seismic anisotropy<br />
<strong>of</strong> the mantle from SKS splitting show arc-parallel “fast directions”, consistent <strong>with</strong> toroidal<br />
flow around this narrow subducting slab as it retreats to the W. The overall WSW transport<br />
direction is borne out by the W, NW and SW vergence <strong>of</strong> thrust anticlines in the accretionary<br />
wedge and by its general shape and symmetry axis. High-resolution bathymetric mapping<br />
performed in the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Cadiz reveal an asymmetric embayment at the deformation front<br />
where a 2 km high basement ridge (Coral Patch Ridge) has recently collided. Analog modeling<br />
successfully reproduces the current seafloor morphology and confirms the WSW transport<br />
direction <strong>of</strong> the Gibraltar backstop (in response to subduction roll-back). While subduction has<br />
slowed significantly (v
esponse to the apparent removal <strong>of</strong> the subducted slab has been recognized. We suggest<br />
that the extensional exhumation <strong>of</strong> the MBSM is the crustal response and provides a timing<br />
estimate <strong>of</strong> ~43 Ma <strong>of</strong> the detachment <strong>of</strong> the subducted Tethyan lithospheric slab beneath<br />
the Dinarides.<br />
19-7 14:00 Royden, Leigh H.<br />
SUBDUCTION ZONE DYNAMICS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: THEORY AND<br />
OBSERVATIONS<br />
ROYDEN, Leigh H., Dept. <strong>of</strong> Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, lhroyden@mit.edu<br />
The Mediterranean region contains multiple examples <strong>of</strong> young subduction systems that<br />
show rapid variation in the speed <strong>of</strong> subduction and trench retreat in both space and time.<br />
Theoretical modeling <strong>of</strong> similar subduction systems, where trench retreat rate is similar to<br />
subduction rate and upper plate – lower plate convergence rates are small, demonstrates that<br />
the predominate factor controlling subduction rate is the negative buoyancy <strong>of</strong> the subducting<br />
plate. Changes in subduction rate may occur <strong>with</strong>in 1-2 m.y. following entry <strong>of</strong> a different<br />
buoyancy foreland into the subduction zone. This is well illustrated by the Hellenic subduction<br />
system where the late Eocene to present history <strong>of</strong> the subduction system, and <strong>of</strong> the overlying<br />
orogenic belt, can be largely tied to the spatially-varying density <strong>of</strong> the subducting plate. This<br />
has led to a subduction system where rates have varied both in space and in time. There is<br />
also a good correlation between observed subduction rates and negative slab buoyancy in<br />
the Apennine system. However the very cessation in subduction rate following entry <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Adriatic continental foreland into the southern Apennine trench cannot be explained solely by<br />
an increase in buoyancy <strong>of</strong> the subducted plate. In addition to an increase in slab buoyancy,<br />
modeling indicates that a pathway(s) for flow <strong>of</strong> asthenosphere must be present at depth, so<br />
that asthenosphere may flow from the foreland side to the hinterland side <strong>of</strong> the slab, facilitating<br />
rapid cessation <strong>of</strong> the last part <strong>of</strong> the subduction process. Such pathways may be due to break<br />
<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> the slab, tears in the slab, or simply windows through the slab.<br />
19-8 14:20 Paul, Anne<br />
NEW S-WAVE VELOCITY MODEL AND ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS FOR THE UPPER<br />
MANTLE BENEATH THE AEGEAN AND ANATOLIA: IMAGES OF A VERY COMPLEX<br />
SUBDUCTION SYSTEM<br />
PAUL, Anne, SALAUN, Gwenaelle, and PEDERSEN, Helle, ISTerre, Université Joseph<br />
Fourier and CNRS, Maison des Geosciences, BP 53, Grenoble, F-38041, France,<br />
anne.paul@ujf-grenoble.fr<br />
The Aegean-Anatolia region is a key area to investigate the relations between surface<br />
expressions <strong>of</strong> a long-lived and still active deformation zone and the dynamics <strong>of</strong> the underlying<br />
mantle. However, high-resolution data on the upper mantle structure remain scarce, in<br />
particular beneath Anatolia. To better constrain the geometry at depth <strong>of</strong> the Hellenic – Cyprus<br />
subduction and image the structure <strong>of</strong> the upper mantle beneath Western and Central Anatolia,<br />
we analyzed records <strong>of</strong> ~150 broadband permanent and temporary seismic stations compiled<br />
in the database <strong>of</strong> the SIMBAAD project. The result is an unprecedented 3-D S-wave velocity<br />
model <strong>of</strong> the crust and upper mantle to 300 km depth in the area [35-42°N; 20-39°E]. The Moho<br />
depth model obtained from ambient noise tomography is used to constrain the inversion <strong>of</strong><br />
phase velocity measurements between 40-200s for upper mantle velocity. The upper mantle<br />
beneath Anatolia has low S wave velocities in the 50-200 km depth range, whereas most <strong>of</strong><br />
the Aegean mantle has higher S wave velocities related to the Hellenic slab. Subduction-like<br />
high velocity anomalies underlay the low velocity anomaly <strong>of</strong> the Anatolian upper mantle. As<br />
they appear in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Cyprus trench in the 80-km shallowest depth slice <strong>of</strong> our<br />
mantle velocity model, we interpret these high velocity anomalies as the traces <strong>of</strong> the Cyprus<br />
subduction. It is characterized by weaker anomalies <strong>of</strong> more intricate shape than the Hellenic<br />
slab beneath the Aegean. The Hellenic-Cyprus slab is split into 2 parts by a ~200-250-km<br />
wide low-velocity anomaly located beneath southwestern Anatolia which we interpret as a<br />
vertical (along-dip) tear. We also measured seismic anisotropy from SKS splitting at the ~150<br />
stations <strong>of</strong> our database. The location <strong>of</strong> the low velocity anomaly interpreted as a slab tear<br />
coincides <strong>with</strong> a sudden change in the orientation <strong>of</strong> the fast polarization direction <strong>of</strong> the split<br />
SKS phases. Fast split SKS waves have a fairly homogeneous N35 polarization in western and<br />
central Anatolia, except in the area <strong>of</strong> mantle low velocity anomaly in southwest Anatolia where<br />
the polarization turns to N145. We believe that this rotation documents a change in mantle<br />
flow associated <strong>with</strong> slab tear. Our new mantle model supplies a precise framework for future<br />
modeling <strong>of</strong> the contribution <strong>of</strong> mantle circulation to surface tectonics.<br />
19-9 14:40 Scherreiks, Rudolph<br />
A TIME-TRANSGRESSIVE OPHIOLITE-PLATFORM COLLISION (LATE MIDDLE JURASSIC<br />
TO EARLY CRETACEOUS, PELAGONIAN ZONE, EVVOIA, GREECE)<br />
SCHERREIKS, Rudolph, Geology, Bayerische Staatssammlung (retired), Schulstr. 29,<br />
Munich, 80634, Germany, r.scherreiks@hotlinemail.com, MELÉNDEZ, Guillermo,<br />
Departamento de Geología (Paleontología), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Saragossa,<br />
Spain, FERMELI, Georgía, Department <strong>of</strong> Historical Geology and Paleontology, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece, BAUMGARTNER,<br />
Peter O., Institut de Géologie et Paléontologie, Université de Lausanne, Anthopole,<br />
Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland, BOUDAGHER-FADEL, Marcelle, Dept <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences,<br />
UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, and BOSENCE, Dan, Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University <strong>of</strong> London, Egham, Surrey, TW200EX,<br />
United Kingdom<br />
A carbonate platform complex and an overthrust ophiolite nappe-pile are being investigated<br />
in the Pelagonian zone <strong>of</strong> the Hellenides. The carbonate platform evolved on top <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong><br />
the microplates that formed as Pangaea broke up. The ophiolite originated in an intervening,<br />
spreading branch <strong>of</strong> the Neotethys. The general opinion is that plate convergence took place<br />
during the Early and Middle Jurassic along an intra-oceanic subduction zone and the ophiolite<br />
nappes were emplaced onto the platform in the Early Cretaceous. However, the actual collision<br />
between slices <strong>of</strong> oceanic lithosphere and the Pelagonian carbonate platform began around<br />
the late Middle Jurassic <strong>with</strong> folding and thrusting and a 25 ma. period <strong>of</strong> seesaw-tectonics<br />
characterised by oceanic-crust and platform-exposures followed by platform drowning below<br />
the CCD and finally by distal granitic basement uplifts prior to the ophiolite emplacement.<br />
Sinemurian-Bathonian convergence<br />
During early plate convergence, the Pelagonian carbonate platform was incipiently drowned.<br />
Simultaneously, the oceanic plate and was uplifted above the CCD and served as a pedestal<br />
which harboured a piggy-back, pelagic, carbonate-platform.<br />
Bathonian-Callovian collision<br />
The collision between the Pelagonian carbonate platform and the ophiolite began <strong>with</strong><br />
folding, thrusting and uplifting, marked by a widespread unconformity <strong>with</strong> karstic dissolution<br />
and laterite deposits, having an ophiolitic geochemical signature.<br />
Oxfordian-Tithonian drowning<br />
A period <strong>of</strong> subsidence began <strong>with</strong> an Oxfordian transgression over the laterite and the<br />
deposition <strong>of</strong> shallow marine carbonates. Patch reefs and later “catch-up” pinnacle reefs<br />
temporarily survived initial drowning and shed debris into adjacent, basins. During the late<br />
Tithonian, the platform drowned below the CCD and became the site <strong>of</strong> carbonate-free<br />
radiolarite deposition.<br />
SESSION NO. 19<br />
Tithonian-Valanginian Turbidite and ophiolite emplacement<br />
Arkosic turbidites <strong>of</strong> granitic provenience were deposited over the Tithonian radiolarite prior<br />
to the final ophiolite emplacement. At the base <strong>of</strong> the ophiolite nappe-pile a tectonic mélange<br />
accumulated which is composed <strong>of</strong> material that was scraped <strong>of</strong>f the substrates over which the<br />
ophiolite had advanced.<br />
Recent counterparts <strong>of</strong> the collision described above can be found in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> Papua<br />
New Guinea.<br />
19-10 14:55 Gessner, Klaus<br />
IS THE MENDERES MASSIF IN TURKEY ONE BIG NEOGENE SHEAR ZONE?<br />
GESSNER, Klaus1 , MARKWITZ, Vanessa2 , GALLARDO, Luis2 , and RING, Uwe3 ,<br />
(1) Geothermal Centre <strong>of</strong> Excellence and Centre for Exploration Targeting, The University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia, Klaus.Gessner@uwa.edu.au, (2) Centre<br />
for Exploration Targeting, School <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environment, The University <strong>of</strong> Western<br />
Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Australia, (3) <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand<br />
The Menderes Massif in western Turkey exposes the deepest tectonic units <strong>of</strong> the Tethyan<br />
orogen in western Turkey, a composite nappe stack comprising Precambrian and Phanerozoic<br />
tectonic units that were assembled during Eocene to Oligocene crustal shortening. Within the<br />
orogen the Cycladic Blueschist unit can be correlated from the Aegean – where it overlies<br />
the External Hellenides – into western Turkey, where it overlies the Menderes nappes. This<br />
is a significant difference, as the pre-collision tectono-metamorphic history <strong>of</strong> the External<br />
Hellenides and the basement rocks in the Anatolides are very different. This change in<br />
structural evolution along strike <strong>of</strong> the Alpine orogen requires the existence <strong>of</strong> a structure at<br />
depth that separates the Aegean and Anatolia.<br />
Here we propose that a NE-trending lithosphere scale discontinuity exists between the<br />
Aegean Sea and western Turkey that has operated as a sinistral wrench zone since at least<br />
the Miocene. While this discontinuity does not represent a very obvious feature in the crustal<br />
architecture we argue that there are several lines <strong>of</strong> evidence that support our preposition.<br />
To this end we review published and new data regarding the local structure <strong>of</strong> the mantle as<br />
imaged by seismic tomography, the shape and structural evolution <strong>of</strong> the Menderes Massif,<br />
the distribution <strong>of</strong> Miocene to Recent hydrothermal fluid flow systems, the distribution <strong>of</strong><br />
earthquakes, and regional patterns in the age and chemistry <strong>of</strong> igneous rocks.<br />
We argue that – following Alpine crustal shortening – the wrench zone stretched, exhumed,<br />
denuded and fragmented the Menderes Massif in a kinematic framework that is consistent <strong>with</strong><br />
either a tear in the slab, and/or partial delamination <strong>of</strong> the lithosphere. Our model addresses<br />
some <strong>of</strong> the open questions in the regional geology, but also provides a hypothesis on how<br />
lithosphere discontinuities that are not at the scale <strong>of</strong> plate boundaries can control structural<br />
evolution in the crust.<br />
19-11 15:30 Reilinger, Robert<br />
SLOWING OF AFRICA-EURASIA CONVERGENCE PROVIDES A UNIFYING, DYNAMIC<br />
MECHANISM FOR MEDITERRANEAN/MIDDLE EAST TECTONICS<br />
REILINGER, Robert, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 54-326, Cambridge, MA 02139, reilinge@<br />
erl.mit.edu and MCCLUSKY, Simon, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences,<br />
Massachusetts Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 54-812, Cambridge,<br />
MA 02139<br />
We use geodetic and geologic observations to constrain the tectonic evolution <strong>of</strong> the Africa<br />
(AF)-Arabia (AR)-Eurasia (EU) plate system. Two phases <strong>of</strong> slowing <strong>of</strong> AF-EU convergence,<br />
each <strong>of</strong> which resulted in an ~ 50% decrease in the rate <strong>of</strong> convergence, coincided <strong>with</strong> the<br />
initiation <strong>of</strong> AF-AR continental rifting along the Red Sea and Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aden at 24 ± 4 Ma, and<br />
the initiation <strong>of</strong> oceanic rifting along the full extent <strong>of</strong> the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aden at 11 ± 2 Ma. In addition,<br />
both the northern and southern Red Sea (AF-AR plate boundary) underwent changes in the<br />
configuration <strong>of</strong> extension at 11 ± 2 Ma, including the transfer <strong>of</strong> extension from the Suez Rift<br />
to the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aqaba/Dead Sea fault system in the north, and from the central Red Sea basin<br />
(Bab al Mandab) to the Afar volcanic zone in the south. While AF-EU convergence slowed,<br />
the rate <strong>of</strong> AR - EU convergence remained constant <strong>with</strong>in the resolution <strong>of</strong> our observations,<br />
and is indistinguishable from the present-day GPS rate. The timing <strong>of</strong> the initial slowing <strong>of</strong><br />
AF-EU convergence (24 ± 4 Ma) corresponds to the initiation <strong>of</strong> extensional tectonics in<br />
the Mediterranean Basin, and the second phase <strong>of</strong> slowing to changes in the character <strong>of</strong><br />
Mediterranean extension reported at ~ 11 Ma. These observations are consistent <strong>with</strong> the<br />
hypothesis that changes in AF-EU convergence, and associated AF-AR divergence, are the<br />
fundamental cause <strong>of</strong> both Mediterranean and Middle East post-Late Oligocene tectonics.<br />
We speculate about the implications <strong>of</strong> these kinematic relationships for the dynamics <strong>of</strong><br />
AF-AR-EU plate interactions, and favor the interpretation that slowing <strong>of</strong> AF-EU convergence,<br />
and the resulting tectonic changes in the Mediterranean Basin and Middle East, resulted<br />
from a decrease in slab pull from the AR subducted lithosphere across the AR-AF, evolving<br />
plate boundary.<br />
19-12 15:50 Schildgen, Taylor F.<br />
SURFACE EXPRESSION OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SLAB DYNAMICS: THE<br />
PATTERN AND TIMING OF SURFACE UPLIFT AT THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF THE<br />
CENTRAL ANATOLIAN PLATEAU<br />
SCHILDGEN, Taylor F. 1 , COSENTINO, Domenico2 , STRECKER, Manfred R. 1 , and<br />
YILDIRIM, Cengiz3 , (1) Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität<br />
Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24, Haus 27, Potsdam, 14476, Germany, tschild@<br />
uni-potsdam.de, (2) Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi Roma Tre,<br />
Largo San Leonardo Murialdo, 1, Rome, 00146, Italy, (3) Remote Sensing, Deutsches<br />
GeoForschungsZentrum, Telgrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany<br />
The Central Anatolian plateau in Turkey borders one <strong>of</strong> the most complex tectonic regions<br />
on Earth, where collision <strong>of</strong> the Arabian plate <strong>with</strong> Eurasia in Eastern Anatolia transitions to<br />
a cryptic pattern <strong>of</strong> subduction <strong>of</strong> African beneath Eurasian plate, <strong>with</strong> concurrent westward<br />
extrusion <strong>of</strong> the Anatolian microplate. Topographic growth <strong>of</strong> the southern margin <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Central Anatolian plateau has proceeded in discrete stages that can be distinguished based<br />
on the outcrop pattern and ages <strong>of</strong> uplifted marine sediments. These units, together <strong>with</strong> older<br />
basement rocks and younger continental sedimentary fills, also record an evolving pattern <strong>of</strong><br />
fault deformation that can be used to test the likelihood <strong>of</strong> different possible uplift mechanisms<br />
through time.<br />
Late Miocene marine sediments blanket the SW plateau margin at ca. 1.5 km elevation, while<br />
they reach up to ca. 2.0 km elevation along the S and SE margins. We present biostratigraphic<br />
age constraints as young as ca. 7 Ma in age on newly-identified marine sediments on the<br />
SW plateau margin that lie 100 m stratigraphically higher than those previously described<br />
in the literature. Similarities to a previously dated section along the S plateau margin allow<br />
us to correlate the regions. Using the mapped pattern <strong>of</strong> Late Miocene marine sediments<br />
throughout the region, together <strong>with</strong> field observations <strong>of</strong> onlap surfaces and paleo-shorelines,<br />
we reconstructed the cumulative pattern <strong>of</strong> uplift since marine sediment deposition. The uplift<br />
pattern forms a broad anticline, <strong>with</strong> the greatest uplift focused along the modern plateau<br />
margin, and decreasing magnitudes toward the coast and toward the plateau interior. Inversion<br />
modeling <strong>of</strong> fault kinematic indicators measured throughout the region shows contractional<br />
Munich, Germany A25<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 19<br />
deformation that affects all units older than Late Miocene in age, while younger units are<br />
affected by extensional and transtensional deformation.<br />
The orientation <strong>of</strong> slab tears and a slab break-<strong>of</strong>f interpreted from P-wave tomography data<br />
appear to align <strong>with</strong> our reconstructed maximum magnitudes <strong>of</strong> post-Late Miocene surface<br />
uplift in the region. Together <strong>with</strong> our observations <strong>of</strong> the changing crustal stress regime, we<br />
interpret a close link between mantle processes and the modern surface topography along the<br />
southern margin <strong>of</strong> the Central Anatolian Plateau.<br />
19-13 16:05 Burchfiel, B. Clark<br />
THE BANGONG SUTURE IN SOUTHEAST TIBET: A EXTENDED CONTINENTAL MARGIN<br />
OPHIOLITE<br />
BURCHFIEL, B. Clark, Dept <strong>of</strong> Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, 54-1010 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, bcburch@mit.edu<br />
Mafic/ultramafic rocks and associated mélange units define the Bangong suture between the<br />
Lhasa and Qiangtang tectonic units, a suture that extends from western Tibet into SE China. In<br />
SE Tibet it contsist <strong>of</strong> at least three belts <strong>of</strong> mélange only two <strong>of</strong> which contain possible ophiolitc<br />
rocks. The northern most belt <strong>of</strong> mélange contains the largest mafic/ultramafic complex in SE<br />
Tibet where it contains pillow basalt unconformably overlain by deepwater Middle Jurassic<br />
limestone. The mafic/ultamafic rocks and enclosing mélange are unconformably overlain by<br />
redbeds <strong>of</strong> Upper Cretaceous age. To the south is a second belt <strong>of</strong> mélange <strong>with</strong> enclosed<br />
blocks <strong>of</strong> mafic/ultramafic rocks and serpentinite that trends NW into a belt <strong>of</strong> mélange but<br />
<strong>with</strong> only sedimentary blocks that finally ends farther NW into a broad area <strong>of</strong> Jurassic flysch.<br />
South <strong>of</strong> this belt are at least two areas <strong>of</strong> flysch <strong>with</strong> olistostromal blocks <strong>of</strong> only sedimentary<br />
rocks. None <strong>of</strong> these belts <strong>of</strong> rocks can be traced into one another and are truncated along their<br />
eastern sides by a major fault zone that juxtaposes them on the north against marine Mesozoic<br />
and Paleozoic strata <strong>of</strong> the Qiangtang tectonic unit that lacks evidence for a continental margin<br />
that might be expected adjacent to the Bangong oceanic (?) suture. This assemblage <strong>of</strong> rocks<br />
is interpreted as a rifted margin analogous to the Iberain-New Foundland margins adjacent to<br />
the present Atlantic Ocean, margins consisting <strong>of</strong> extended continental crust <strong>with</strong> grabens and<br />
ridges that lie inboard <strong>of</strong> the oceanic realm, a scenario fits the relations <strong>of</strong> a broad Bangong<br />
suture. The extended continental is crust underlain by mafic/ultramafic rocks in one or more<br />
grabens overlain by Jurassic and lower Cretaceous flysch before closing in mid-Cretaceous<br />
time. All these belts <strong>of</strong> grabens and ridges are truncated on their north and east side by a major<br />
strike-slip fault zone that juxtaposes the Qiangtang rocks against the extended continental<br />
margin rocks and the suture becomes cryptic farther to the southeast.<br />
SESSION NO. 20, 11:00<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T3C. Dynamic Impact Cratering in Nature,<br />
Experiment, and Model<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
20-1 11:05 Mayr, Sibylle I.<br />
COMPARISON OF PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IMPACTITES FOR FOUR<br />
METERORITIC IMPACT STRUCTURES<br />
MAYR, Sibylle I., Department Section Geophysics, Freie Universitaet Berlin,<br />
Malteserstrasse 74-100, Berlin, 12249, Germany, mayr@geophysik.fu-berlin.de,<br />
POPOV, Yuri, Schlumberger Moscow Research Center, Moscow, 119285, Russia,<br />
ROMUSHKEVICH, Raisa, Technical Physics and Rocks Physics, Russian State <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Prospecting University, Miklukho-Maklai Str., 23, Moscow, 117997, Russia, BURKHARDT,<br />
Hans, Geophysikalisches Institut, TU Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany, and WILHELM,<br />
Helmut, Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe,<br />
76187, Germany<br />
Combined petrophysical and geothermal investigations have been carried out on four impact<br />
structures: the Puchezh-Katunki impact structure (Vorotilovo borehole, Russia), the Ries impact<br />
structure (Noerdlingen-73 borehole, Germany), the Chicxulub structure (ICDP Yaxcopoil-1<br />
borehole, Mexico), and the Chesapeake impact structure (ICDP-USGS-Eyreville borehole,<br />
USA). Thermal properties were measured on densely sampled cores <strong>of</strong> the boreholes drilled<br />
into these impact structures using the optical scanning technique. For the cores <strong>of</strong> the Ries and<br />
the two ICDP boreholes additionally porosity and partly p-wave velocity were measured on the<br />
same cores. The physical properties can be correlated to shock metamorphism (target rocks)<br />
and allow to distinguish between different types <strong>of</strong> Lithic Impact Breccia and Suevites.<br />
For Puchezh-Katunki and Ries the target lithology is more or less homogeneous and<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> crystalline rocks. The investigated target rocks <strong>of</strong> these two impact structures<br />
display moderate, low shock metamorphism; and weak shock effects (“Shocked Target Rocks”).<br />
Here a decrease <strong>of</strong> porosity and an increase <strong>of</strong> thermal conductivity <strong>with</strong> depth is observed and<br />
can be correlated to shock metamorphism. The Chicxulub and Chesapeake impact structures<br />
have a complex target lithology, the wells cross displaced megablocks and the rocks <strong>of</strong> the<br />
wells show practically no indication for high temperature shock metamorphism, therefore no<br />
correlation <strong>with</strong> physical properties can be found, but they are influenced by lithology and<br />
geological history.<br />
For the Lithic Impact Breccia and Suevites the following distinction can be made: The<br />
various Suevites <strong>of</strong> Puchezh-Katunki, Ries and Chicxulub have high porosity and close values<br />
<strong>of</strong> thermal conductivity. Possibly this is due to deformation transformations caused by the<br />
impact load, which dominate over differences in mineralogical and chemical compositions.<br />
The Polymict Melt Breccia (Lower Suevite) <strong>of</strong> Chicxulub and Suevites and Lithic Breccia <strong>of</strong><br />
Chesapeake are characterized by lower porosity values, higher values <strong>of</strong> thermal conductivity<br />
and p-wave velocity compared to the above mentioned Suevites. These differences are possibly<br />
due to a higher content <strong>of</strong> rock clasts and diaplectic glasses next to differences in the texture<br />
and mineralogical composition.<br />
20-2 11:20 Wilhelm, Helmut<br />
THE THERMO-HYDRAULIC REGIME OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE<br />
WILHELM, Helmut1 , BURKHARDT, Hans2 , POPOV, Yuri3 , HEIDINGER, Philipp1 , MAYR,<br />
Sibylle I. 4 , ROMUSHKEVICH, Raisa5 , and GOROBTSOV, Denis5 , (1) Geophysical Institute,<br />
Karlsruhe Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany, helmut.<br />
wilhelm@kit.edu, (2) Geophysikalisches Institut, TU Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany,<br />
(3) Schlumberger Moscow Research Center, Moscow, 119285, Russia, (4) Department<br />
Section Geophysics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Malteserstrasse 74-100, Berlin, 12249,<br />
Germany, (5) Technical Physics and Rocks Physics, Russian State <strong>Geological</strong> Prospecting<br />
University, Miklukho-Maklai str., 23, Moscow, 117997, Russia<br />
The Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure (CBIS) was created approximately 35 Ma ago when<br />
a large comet or asteorite struck the coastal waters <strong>of</strong>f Virginia, USA, and intruded the<br />
unconsolidated sediments and even the granitic basement <strong>of</strong> the continental shelf. The impact<br />
A26 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
destroyed the existing Cretaceous and Eocene aquifers and excavated a crater which was filled<br />
<strong>with</strong> Cretaceous megablocks breccia, containing saltwater and brines, overlain by sedimentclast<br />
breccia which was deposited by ocean-resurge currents over the whole impact area. After<br />
the impact unconsolidated sediments were deposited again in the shallow waters forming a<br />
new system <strong>of</strong> aquifers and aquicludes. Due to the brines contained in the crater fill a 50 km<br />
wide saltwater wedge exists <strong>with</strong>in the Cretaceous aquifers around the crater. With increasing<br />
tendency, urbanisation and industrialisation lead to extraction <strong>of</strong> great amounts <strong>of</strong> freshwater<br />
from the coastal aquifers and so to a contamination hazard.<br />
High resolution temperature measurements in seven boreholes, <strong>with</strong>in and outside the<br />
impact crater, including the ICDP-CBIS borehole Eyreville, and laboratory investigations <strong>of</strong> core<br />
samples from these boreholes regarding their thermo-physical and hydraulic properties have<br />
provided a data set which yields information about vertical groundwater motion in the breccia<br />
crater fill and the Cretaceous and post-impact aquifers <strong>of</strong> the region. With a stationary cylindersymmetric<br />
thermo-hydraulic finite-element model <strong>of</strong> the CBIS region, the seven measured<br />
temperature pr<strong>of</strong>iles are simulated and interpreted <strong>with</strong> respect to the thermal and hydraulic<br />
conditions in the region. The vertical velocity components <strong>of</strong> groundwater in the aquifers,<br />
determined from the curvature <strong>of</strong> the measured temperature pr<strong>of</strong>iles, are in the range <strong>of</strong> 0.1 -<br />
0.2 m/year, whereas in the breccia crater fill the vertical heat transport is purely conductive in<br />
view <strong>of</strong> the linear temperature-depth variation.<br />
20-3 11:35 Artemieva, Natalia<br />
NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE CHICXULUB EJECTA<br />
ARTEMIEVA, Natalia, Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106,<br />
Tucson, AZ 85719, artemeva@psi.edu<br />
The K/Pg boundary marks the latest mass extinction on Earth and is widely recognized as a<br />
global ejecta layer from the Chicxulub impact crater. However, some properties <strong>of</strong> this layer<br />
(thickness, shocked quartz distribution, chemical composition) are inconsistent <strong>with</strong> the idea<br />
that ejecta was transported around the globe purely on a ballistic path.<br />
The Chicxulub impact is modeled <strong>with</strong> the 3D hydrocode SOVA complemented by the<br />
ANEOS equation <strong>of</strong> state for geological materials. In three separate stages the following<br />
processes are modelled: 1) the impact and initial ejection <strong>of</strong> materials; 2) the ballistic flight<br />
<strong>of</strong> ejecta on a spherical earth; and 3) ejecta re-entry into the atmosphere (at an altitude <strong>of</strong><br />
200 km re-entering tracers are replaced by real particles <strong>with</strong> a size-frequency distribution<br />
in accordance <strong>with</strong> their maximum shock pressure; the interaction <strong>of</strong> these particles <strong>with</strong> the<br />
atmosphere is modeled using a multi-phase approximation).<br />
Up to distances <strong>of</strong> 1000-1500 km from the crater, massive ballistic ejecta are deposited<br />
rapidly. At larger distances, the atmosphere/ejecta interaction becomes significant. Re-entering<br />
ejecta heat the upper atmosphere and create strong winds. These winds disperse small<br />
fragments (molten spherules and shocked quartz grains <strong>of</strong> < 1 mm in diameter) preferentially<br />
downrange. For two-three hours after the impact, these dispersed ejecta travel up to a few<br />
thousand km from their re-entry site (final deposition through the dense lower atmosphere<br />
or ocean may take days or weeks). This mechanism is much more intense than observed for<br />
volcanic aerosols in stable atmospheric flows. The results (ejecta thickness and composition)<br />
are compared <strong>with</strong> available geological data.<br />
We also estimate an amount <strong>of</strong> ejected climatically active gases (carbon dioxide, sulfur<br />
oxides, water vapor, methane), and discuss their influence on the Earth’s climate.<br />
20-4 11:55 de Niem, Detlef<br />
EJECTA FLOW PHENOMENA IN IMPACT CRATERING<br />
DE NIEM, Detlef, DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute <strong>of</strong> Planetary Research,<br />
Rutherfordstrasse 2, Berlin 12489 Germany, detlef.deniem@dlr.de<br />
Large meteorite impacts distribute spherules and other impactites as layers over areas much<br />
larger than the crater itself. Usually crater formation is analized numerically <strong>with</strong> methods for<br />
elastic-plastic flow. The long-distance mode <strong>of</strong> transport has been much debated but less<br />
investigated. To study these long-term ejecta flows, an Eulerian-Lagrangian algorithm for<br />
multiphase flow is used, coupling Lagrangian particulate phases to a higher-order Godunov<br />
method for the gas. A variable particle size such can easily be taken into account. Other<br />
technical aspects <strong>of</strong> the computer code such as the parallelization will be demonstrated.<br />
A substantial part <strong>of</strong> the initial kinetic energy remains as that <strong>of</strong> disperse solid and liquid<br />
droplet phases commonly called ejecta moving through the atmosphere. The ejecta flow also<br />
entrains gases <strong>of</strong> atmospheric and impact origin. Here the modeling effort is concentrated on<br />
realistic heat transfer, including real-gas effects and a drag function valid under a wide range<br />
<strong>of</strong> flow conditions. Simulation examples are provided for impact events from the size <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ries crater to that <strong>of</strong> Chicxulub or Sudbury. During the propagation <strong>of</strong> the ejecta curtain the<br />
flow changes from a laminar ballistic for the solid phase to a highly turbulent one. Secondary<br />
phenomena arise such as hot buoyant clouds <strong>of</strong> dust and gas after the passage <strong>of</strong> the main<br />
ejecta curtain. Similarity and dissimilarity to volcanic plumes will be discussed. Depending on<br />
the spatial scale <strong>of</strong> the impact and the size <strong>of</strong> particles, temperatures in secondary plumes may<br />
still exceed the melting point <strong>of</strong> silicates.<br />
20-5 12:10 Schulte, Peter<br />
TSUNAMI BACKWASH DEPOSITS WITH CHICXULUB IMPACT EJECTA AND DINOSAUR<br />
REMAINS FROM THE CRETACEOUS-PALAEOGENE BOUNDARY IN THE LA POPA BASIN,<br />
MEXICO<br />
SCHULTE, Peter, Geozentrum Nordbayern, Universität Erlangen, Schlossgarten 5,<br />
Erlangen, D-91056, Germany, schulte@geol.uni-erlangen.de, DEUTSCH, Alex,<br />
Institut f. Planetologie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Muenster, D-48149,<br />
Germany, SMIT, Jan, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan<br />
1085, Amsterdam, 1081HV, Netherlands, and SALGE, Tobias, Bruker Nano GmbH,<br />
Schwarzschildstrasse 12, Berlin, D-12489, Germany<br />
The La Popa basin in NE Mexico features outstanding, continuous 3D exposures <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary event deposit in shallow shelf environments pierced<br />
by salt stocks. In the area to the south-east <strong>of</strong> the El Papalote diapir, the K-Pg deposit consists<br />
<strong>of</strong> two superimposed sedimentary units and erosively overlies upper Maastrichtian sandsiltstones<br />
<strong>with</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t-sediment deformation structures. The basal unit 1 is an up to 8 m thick<br />
chaotic bed that discontinuously fills incised gutters and channels. Besides abundant silicic<br />
and carbonate ejecta spherules from the Chicxulub impact, this part includes sandstone<br />
boulders and abundant shallow-water debris (e.g., mud clasts, algae, bivalves, gastropods,<br />
vertebrate remains). Unit 1 is conformably overlain by unit 2. Distal to the diapir, unit 2 consists<br />
<strong>of</strong> a cm to dm-thick conglomeratic, bioclast and spherule-bearing sandstone bed. Closer to the<br />
diapir, unit 2 becomes a m-thick series <strong>of</strong> four to eight conglomeratic to fine-grained graded<br />
sandstone beds rich in shell debris and ejecta spherules. Unit 2 is conformably overlain by<br />
structureless sandstone beds that may mark the return to the pre-event depositional regime.<br />
The sedimentary characteristics <strong>of</strong> the K-Pg deposit support an origin by a short-term<br />
multiphase depositional event. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t-sediment deformation structures (e.g.<br />
liquefaction) below the event deposit suggests that earthquakes were the first to occur at<br />
La Popa. Then, shelf collapse and strong backflow from the first tsunami waves may have<br />
triggered erosion and deposition by violent ejecta-rich hyperconcentrated density flows (unit 1).<br />
Subsequently, a series <strong>of</strong> concentrated density flows resulting from tsunami backwash surges<br />
may have deposited unit 2. The specific depositional sequence and the Fe-Mg-rich as well as
Si-K-rich composition <strong>of</strong> the ejecta spherules both provide a critical link to the deep marine<br />
K-Pg boundary sites in the adjacent Burgos basin in NE Mexico and other K-Pg boundary sites.<br />
The presence <strong>of</strong> diverse dinosaur and mosasur bones and teeth in the event deposit is the first<br />
observation <strong>of</strong> such remains together <strong>with</strong> Chicxulub ejecta material. These findings indicate<br />
that dinosaurs lived in the area during the latest Maastrichtian and suggest that the tsunami<br />
waves not only eroded deltas and estuaries but the coastal plain as well.<br />
20-6 12:25 Ormö, Jens<br />
CATASTROPHIC WATER MOVEMENTS AT MARINE IMPACT EVENTS<br />
ORMÖ, Jens, Centro de Astrobiologia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial,<br />
Torrejon de Ardoz, 28850, Spain, ormo@inta.es, KING, David, Dept. Geology, Auburn<br />
Univ, Auburn, AL 36849, STURKELL, Erik, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden, and LEPINETTE, Alain, Centro de<br />
Astrobiologia, Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, 28850, Spain<br />
Over geological time, more than two-thirds <strong>of</strong> the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth has been covered by<br />
water. Consequently, most cosmic impacts have occurred <strong>with</strong>in the marine realm. Having a<br />
layer <strong>of</strong> water as part <strong>of</strong> the upper target greatly influences the cratering process, as well as the<br />
final crater geology and geomorphology. At water depths greater than the projectile’s diameter,<br />
the transient cavity is concentric and a steep water-cavity wall is standing outside the rim <strong>of</strong><br />
the seafloor crater. Development <strong>of</strong> this water cavity controls initial tsunami generation and<br />
the catastrophic resurge <strong>of</strong> seawater. Even at shallow water depths there will be development<br />
<strong>of</strong> outward-moving tsunami waves and the resurge in these instances may be prevented from<br />
entering the seafloor crater by an elevated rim.<br />
We report here on geological observations <strong>of</strong> two marine-target craters that represent<br />
both relatively deep open sea (Lockne, Sweden), and shallow, near-shore realm (Wetumpka,<br />
Alabama). Observations at both craters are combined <strong>with</strong> laboratory experiments and<br />
numerical simulation to better visualize and understand impact-related water effects.<br />
At Lockne (target water depth = projectile diameter), an initial, rim-wave tsunami forms from<br />
the collapse <strong>of</strong> the water cavity at the onset <strong>of</strong> resurge. Resurge deposits form the greater part<br />
<strong>of</strong> the crater infill and indicate the formation <strong>of</strong> a central water plume and subsequent “antiresurge”<br />
from its collapse. However, the anti-resurge seems not to have been able to pass the<br />
crater rim to generate a collapse-wave tsunami, which may have greater distal consequences<br />
than the rim-wave tsunami (cf. Wünnemann et al. 2007).<br />
At Wetumpka, however, the resurge deposits are relatively thin and fill only low-lying terrain<br />
inside and nearby the crater. These deposits have high matrix content and include materials<br />
transported to the near-shore impact site from a distant open-shelf area (i.e., glauconitic clayey<br />
sand). The seawater was expelled from a large area around the crater due to the deposition <strong>of</strong><br />
the ejecta layer generating an outward-moving tsunami. After a relatively longer time (versus<br />
Lockne), this wave turned back to form a shallow resurge. Its passage over the exposed<br />
seafloor would have resembled the recent muddy tsunami event in northern Japan.<br />
Ref. Wünnemann et al., 2007, MAPS 42(11), 1893-1903.<br />
20-7 12:40 Wünnemann, Kai<br />
COMPARISON OF TSUNAMI WAVES GENERATED BY METEORITE IMPACTS AND<br />
LANDSLIDES<br />
WÜNNEMANN, Kai1 , ELBESHAUSEN, Dirk1 , and WEISS, Robert2 , (1) Museum<br />
für Naturkunde, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany, kai.wuennemann@<br />
mfn-berlin.de, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University,<br />
College Station, TX 77843<br />
Tsunamis can be generated by a variety <strong>of</strong> different processes. Earthquakes are among the<br />
most frequent causes <strong>of</strong> tsunamis and their destructive power was recently demonstrated by<br />
the catastrophic events in Japan 2010 and Sumatra 2004. It can only be speculated about the<br />
frequency <strong>of</strong> tsunamis due to submarine slope failure as they take place <strong>of</strong>ten undetected, and<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> their occurrence is yet to be discovered. However, the frequency <strong>of</strong> such events is<br />
expected to be very high. In contrast to tsunamis from earthquakes submarine slope failures<br />
produce relatively short waves (wave periods up to minutes; earthquakes generate waves<br />
typically on the order <strong>of</strong> 30 min) <strong>with</strong> amplitudes that can be up to two orders <strong>of</strong> magnitude<br />
higher in the generation area. The wave characteristic <strong>of</strong> landslide-generated waves has<br />
much more in common <strong>with</strong> tsunamis that originated from the strike <strong>of</strong> a cosmic object in an<br />
ocean. With respect to likelihood <strong>of</strong> recurrence intervals meteorite impacts occur much less<br />
frequent but generate waves that are several orders <strong>of</strong> magnitude higher than waves caused<br />
by any other mechanism. We employ numerical modelling to simulate the wave characteristics<br />
generated by the Eltanin impact, which occurred 2.5 Ma years ago in the Bellinghausen Sea,<br />
South Pacific and compare the results <strong>with</strong> a suite <strong>of</strong> simulations <strong>of</strong> landslides. We varied<br />
important controlling parameters that affect the wave characteristic such as slide rheology and<br />
mass, slope angle, and water depth. In both cases the initial waves show dispersive and highly<br />
nonlinear effects in the near field (close to origin). In comparison to earthquakes the generated<br />
waves are very steep, decay relatively quickly, and may break during shoaling far away from<br />
the coastline. These facts lead us to the conclusion that waves generated by submarine mass<br />
failures and meteorite impacts cannot reach the coastline <strong>with</strong> destructive power that are<br />
thousands <strong>of</strong> kilometers away; they cannot have a global reach like the 2004 Sumatra tsunami<br />
had. However, the consequences for coastal regions nearby the generation area are much<br />
more severe due to the much larger wave amplitudes.<br />
20-8 14:00 Poelchau, Michael H.<br />
EXPERIMENTAL IMPACT CRATERING: THE MEMIN-PROJECT<br />
POELCHAU, Michael H. 1 , HOERTH, Tobias2 , SCHÄFER, Frank2 , WÜNNEMANN, Kai3 ,<br />
KENKMANN, Thomas1 , DEUTSCH, Alexander4 , and THOMA, Klaus2 , (1) <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Alberstraße 23b, Freiburg, 79104,<br />
Germany, michael.poelchau@geologie.uni-freiburg.de, (2) Ernst-Mach Institut, Freiburg,<br />
79104, Germany, (3) Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115,<br />
Germany, (4) Institut für Planetologie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10,<br />
Münster, D-48149, Germany<br />
The DFG-funded MEMIN research unit is focused on impact cratering experiments into<br />
geological materials. Several sets <strong>of</strong> experiments have been performed at the two-stage<br />
acceleration facilities <strong>of</strong> the EMI in Freiburg, Germany. Each campaign was set up to focus<br />
on different aspects <strong>of</strong> impact cratering, including studies on reproducibility and target<br />
heterogeneity, lithology, scaling, and pore space saturation. The innovative aspects <strong>of</strong><br />
these experiments are diverse instrumentation and detailed numerical modeling based on<br />
experimental observations. The instrumentation includes (i) high-speed cameras to observe<br />
and quantify the ejection process, (ii) different catchment assemblies to collect ejecta <strong>with</strong><br />
high spatial resolution, and (iii) ultrasound sensor systems to record pressure waves and<br />
fragmentation processes in the target during and after the experiment.<br />
In the experimental setup, spherical aluminum, steel and meteoritic iron projectiles between<br />
2.5 and 10 mm diameter were accelerated to velocities ranging from 2.5 to 8 km/s, impacting<br />
into dry and water-saturated sandstone targets. Pressure in the target chamber was varied<br />
between 100 and 0.1 mbar. Atmospheric effects on ejecta formation were observed <strong>with</strong> high<br />
speed cameras at up to 5*105 frames per second.<br />
Morphological evaluation <strong>of</strong> the impact craters <strong>with</strong> digital scanning methods reveals that<br />
cratering efficiency is reduced by open pore space in comparison to non-porous geological<br />
SESSION NO. 20<br />
materials. Saturation <strong>of</strong> the pore space <strong>with</strong> water on the other hand, leads to an increase in<br />
crater volume and cratering efficiency. Evaluation <strong>of</strong> the ejecta catchment assemblies shows a<br />
bimodal distribution <strong>of</strong> ejecta. A well defined outer ring <strong>of</strong> fine particles is distributed in relation<br />
to the early-stage formation <strong>of</strong> an ejecta cone, while larger debris particles are focused at<br />
the center <strong>of</strong> the catchment assembly, reflecting either late stage atmospheric interaction<br />
or relaxation processes. Analysis <strong>of</strong> ejecta particles also reveals varying degrees <strong>of</strong> shock<br />
metamorphism, including PDF formation. SEM measurements <strong>of</strong> the crater subsurface show<br />
that several different mechanisms <strong>of</strong> fracturing and grain comminution take place during<br />
cratering. Future campaigns will additionally focus on highly porous lithologies to better<br />
constrain porosity effects on cratering.<br />
20-9 14:15 Dufresne, Anja<br />
TRACING THE TRANSIENT CRATER IN IMPACT EXPERIMENTS<br />
DUFRESNE, Anja, POELCHAU, Michael H., and KENKMANN, Thomas, <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Alberstraße 23b, Freiburg, 79104,<br />
Germany, anja.dufresne@geologie.uni-freiburg.de<br />
Small-scale impact cratering experiments into sandstone targets were performed at the<br />
Fraunh<strong>of</strong>er Ernst-Mach Institute in Freiburg, Germany. Steel, iron meteorite and aluminium<br />
projectiles were accelerated to velocities <strong>of</strong> 2.5 up to 7.9 km/s, resulting in impact energies<br />
between 0.8 and 56 kJ. Morphological analyses <strong>of</strong> the resulting craters reveal an outer,<br />
shallow-dipping area, two central depressions and a fragile, white-coloured centre as<br />
characteristic features <strong>of</strong> all experiments into dry targets. However, late spallation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
brittle target material induces a certain degree <strong>of</strong> variability in crater shape and total crater<br />
volume. For a sensible comparison to experiments into other target materials and for scaling<br />
to natural impact craters, a comparable feature that is independent <strong>of</strong> late-stage spallation<br />
is needed. During the early cratering process, a transient crater forms <strong>with</strong> a shape that is<br />
initially unaffected by spallation effects. First results indicate that this transient crater can<br />
be well described by quadratic parabola fits to crater pr<strong>of</strong>iles. The results are compared to<br />
independently calculated geometric markers using the following methods: (i) extrapolating<br />
parabola radii to ejecta imprints on catcher systems, (ii) comparing the parabola slope to<br />
ejecta curtain angles and tracking ejecta particle trajectories on high-speed video images, and<br />
(iii) comparing weight fractions <strong>of</strong> grain size analyses to calculated transient crater volumes. As<br />
a first approximation, the transient crater volume is constrained to a volume <strong>of</strong> about 10-40% <strong>of</strong><br />
the final crater volume, depending on the method applied. Definite values and the application <strong>of</strong><br />
these methods for a comparison to experiments in other brittle and non-brittle target materials<br />
will be presented.<br />
20-10 14:30 Kowitz, Astrid<br />
SHOCK RECOVERY EXPERIMENTS AT LOW SHOCK PRESSURE WITH DRY SEEBERGER<br />
SANDSTONE<br />
KOWITZ, Astrid1 , SCHMITT, Ralf-Thomas1 , REIMOLD, Wolf Uwe1 , FRITZ, Jörg1 , and<br />
HORNEMANN, Ulrich2 , (1) Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on<br />
Evolution and Biodiversity at Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, Berlin,<br />
10115, Germany, astrid.kowitz@mfn-berlin.de, (2) Ernst-Mach-Institut, Am Klingelberg 1,<br />
Efringen-Kirchen, 79588, Germany<br />
Within the Multidisciplinary Experimental and Modelling Impact research Network (MEMIN)<br />
this project investigates shock effects in quartz in the low shock pressure range from < 5 to<br />
15 GPa, and the influence <strong>of</strong> porosity on progressive shock metamorphism. Shock recovery<br />
experiments at 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 GPa were carried out <strong>with</strong> dry Seeberger sandstone (grain<br />
size: 0.17 - 0.01 mm, porosity: ~18 vol.%) at the Ernst-Mach-Institute using a high-explosive<br />
device. For shock pressure determination Hugoniot data for Coconino sandstone were applied,<br />
as at present only incomplete Hugoniot data for Seeberger sandstone are available that<br />
indicate an error <strong>of</strong> ~1-2 GPa in shock pressure determination.<br />
At the microscopic scale the shocked Seeberger sandstone shows a near-complete closure<br />
<strong>of</strong> pore space. Locally, pores are filled <strong>with</strong> Al-Fe-rich, foamy melts after phyllosilicates (melt<br />
abundance increases <strong>with</strong> shock pressure). Some irregular intergranular fractures have been<br />
induced. Quartz grains <strong>of</strong> the unshocked sample show sharp and undulatory extinction under<br />
crossed polarizers, whereas the shocked samples display quartz grains <strong>with</strong> mainly undulatory<br />
extinction at 5 GPa and weak mosaicism at 7.5, 10, 12.5 GPa. All shocked samples show<br />
intense intragranular fracturing (irregular and subplanar), which significantly increases from 5 to<br />
7.5 GPa. At even higher pressures to 12.5 GPa, fracturing remains at a more or less constant<br />
level. At 5 GPa quartz grains usually display only one set <strong>of</strong> roughly planar fractures, whereas<br />
at 7.5, 10 and 12.5 GPa two or more sets could be observed. The samples shocked at 10 and<br />
12.5 GPa display locally isotropic areas in the optical microscope, which comprise diaplectic<br />
quartz glass in the center and deformed quartz in the rim based on Raman and SEM analysis.<br />
Our shock experiments have produced shock features as known from naturally shocked<br />
porous sandstone.<br />
Additionally, the sandstone cylinders shocked at 10 and 12.5 GPa display curved shear<br />
zones starting at the contacts <strong>of</strong> the sample cylinder <strong>with</strong> the surrounding ARMCO iron trap.<br />
Cataclastic microbreccias occur <strong>with</strong>in broader shear zones, whereas thin shear zones are<br />
filled <strong>with</strong> SiO melts. The shear zones are associated locally <strong>with</strong> quartz grains displaying<br />
2<br />
subplanar micr<strong>of</strong>eatures <strong>with</strong> strong similarity to planar deformation features (PDF).<br />
20-11 14:45 Grosse, Christian U.<br />
STUDY OF THE IMPACT CRATERING PROCESS BY MEANS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE<br />
TESTING TECHNIQUES ON A MODEL SPECIMEN<br />
GROSSE, Christian U. and MOSER, Dorothee, Non-destructive Testing, Technische<br />
Universität München, cbm, Baumbachstr. 7, München, 81245, Germany, grosse@tum.de<br />
There is need for a detailed investigation <strong>of</strong> the dynamic rock failure due to hypervelocity<br />
impact and for a better understanding <strong>of</strong> body-body collisions that are one <strong>of</strong> the most<br />
common physical processes <strong>of</strong> our solar system. These processes are studied in a project<br />
on a much smaller scale at dry and wet sandstone targets using a light-gas gun accelerator<br />
at the Fraunh<strong>of</strong>er-Institute for High-Speed Dynamics (Ernst-Mach-Institute, EMI) in Freiburg,<br />
Germany.<br />
Nondestructive testing techniques are a proper tool to investigate the damage and the<br />
fracture zone beneath experimentally produced craters three-dimensionally and <strong>with</strong> high<br />
spatial resolution. Methods based on ultrasound and acoustic emission techniques are<br />
developed and applied to detect inhomogeneities and cracks to characterize a target before,<br />
during and after impact. The fracturing underneath the crater following the impact is for<br />
example observed by the recording <strong>of</strong> the aftershocks in form <strong>of</strong> acoustic emissions. The<br />
characterization <strong>of</strong> the target before and after impact is done using ultrasound tomography.<br />
Preliminary results <strong>of</strong> the measurements are given.<br />
Munich, Germany A27<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 20<br />
20-12 15:00 Kenkmann, Thomas<br />
ANALOGUE EXPERIMENTS OF IMPACT CRATER COLLAPSE<br />
KENKMANN, Thomas and BURGERT, Patrick, Institut fuer Geowissenschaften -<br />
Geologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 23b, Freiburg, 79104,<br />
Germany, thomas.kenkmann@geologie.uni-freiburg.de<br />
Introduction: Except for very small impact craters, the shape <strong>of</strong> almost all craters is modified<br />
by gravity driven mass movements. To understand the kinematics <strong>of</strong> crater wall collapse in<br />
simple and complex craters we conducted analogue experiments <strong>with</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> materials<br />
(sand, sand+flour mixtures, glass beads) and recorded the particle displacements by means <strong>of</strong><br />
Particle Image Strainometry (PIS) [1].<br />
Experiments: The experimental setup consisted <strong>of</strong> a 50 cm box filled <strong>with</strong> the analogue<br />
material. A paraboloidal cavity mi-micking a transient crater was created either <strong>with</strong> a replica<br />
that was removed after filling <strong>of</strong> analogue material was completed or by a partly buried balloon.<br />
The gravitational instability <strong>of</strong> the cavity was induced by a piston installed beneath the cavity<br />
moving downward at constant velocity. In case <strong>of</strong> the balloon experiments, the cavity walls<br />
instantaneously collapsed when the balloon was punctured. Two cameras, installed at high<br />
angles to the target surface, recorded the collapse <strong>of</strong> the cavity. Pulsed LED flashes illuminated<br />
the setup. We used the Strain Master 3D s<strong>of</strong>tware package by La Vision to record changes in<br />
the position <strong>of</strong> material points. Scaling <strong>of</strong> material cohesion and density between experiment<br />
and nature resulted in a scaling factor <strong>of</strong> ~ 10 4 .<br />
Results: In the first set <strong>of</strong> experiments (using the replica), numerous slumps developed at<br />
the cavity rim and reached the cavity center. A slump <strong>of</strong>ten triggered the onset <strong>of</strong> subsequent<br />
adjacent flows. Slumps created lobate headscarps and superimposed onto each other at the<br />
bottom <strong>of</strong> the cavity, thereby filling the cavity. Additionally a system <strong>of</strong> circumferential tensile<br />
fractures formed outside the cavity. These concentric fissures allowed for slow creeping <strong>of</strong> the<br />
entire mass inside the concentric fissures into the cavity.<br />
The second set <strong>of</strong> experiments (exploding balloon, sand+flour) led to the simultaneous<br />
initiation <strong>of</strong> cohesive slumps along the steep rim. While moving inward these slumps<br />
subsequently disintegrated into granular flows due to oblique and frontal collision <strong>with</strong> other<br />
flows. The central portion <strong>of</strong> the crater floor is characterized by a rather turbulent and chaotic<br />
flow that resulted in a flattish morphology.<br />
References: [1] Kenkmann, T. and Burgert, P. 2011. 42 nd Lunar and Planetary Science<br />
Conference, #1511.<br />
20-13 15:15 Hecht, Lutz<br />
MELTING AND CHEMICAL PROJECTILE-TARGET INTERACTION IN HYPERVELOCITY<br />
AND LASER EXPERIMENTS<br />
HECHT, Lutz1 , EBERT, Matthias1 , DEUTSCH, Alexander2 , and KENKMANN,<br />
Thomas3 , (1) Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und<br />
Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, Berlin,<br />
D-10115, Germany, lutz.hecht@mfn-berlin.de, (2) Institut für Planetologie, Universität<br />
Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster, D-48149, Germany, (3) <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences,<br />
Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Alberstraße 23b, Freiburg, 79104, Germany<br />
The detection and identification <strong>of</strong> meteoritic components in impact-derived rocks are <strong>of</strong> great<br />
value for confirming an impact origin and for reconstructing the origin <strong>of</strong> extraterrestrial material<br />
that repeatedly stroke the Earth during its entire life time [1]. The processes <strong>of</strong> mixing projectile<br />
matter into target and impactite materials, however, are poorly understood. We present results<br />
from hypervelocity experiments that have been performed at the two-stage acceleration<br />
facilities <strong>of</strong> the Fraunh<strong>of</strong>er Ernst-Mach-Institute (Freiburg). In addition laser-induced melting<br />
experiments were done <strong>with</strong> a laser welding facility <strong>of</strong> the Technical University <strong>of</strong> Berlin. Our<br />
results are based on experiments using a Campo del Cielo iron meteorite as projectile and<br />
(quartz-rich) Seeberger Sandstone as target material.<br />
Both types <strong>of</strong> experiments show partials melting <strong>of</strong> target and projectile material. The melts<br />
are more or less heterogeneous depending on the relative proportions <strong>of</strong> minerals phases that<br />
were melted. During mixing <strong>of</strong> projectile and target melts the Fe <strong>of</strong> the projectile is preferentially<br />
partitioned into the silicate target melt over Ni and Co. The hypervelocity experminents<br />
produced shocked quartz <strong>with</strong> pdf’s (in the sandstone target), that are also enriched in Fe and<br />
Ni. Inter-element fractionation between projectile and target occurs in different impact stages.<br />
(A) After shock compression <strong>with</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> PDFs in Qtz, diaplectic glass or lechatelierite,<br />
and during early unloading,
the coal-bearing Pennsylvanian sequence, organic-rich shales in the Mississippian (Lower<br />
Carboniferous) and possibly also in the Pennsylvanian and Pre-Carboniferous.<br />
The goal <strong>of</strong> this study is to focus on the geodynamic evolution <strong>of</strong> the Muensterland region<br />
and use these results to calculate maturity levels, temperatures and other related parameters in<br />
a fully integrated numerical petroleum systems model.<br />
21-4 12:05 Le Bayon, Ronan<br />
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON VITRINITE REFLECTANCE: TOWARD A TOOL<br />
TO MODEL MATURATION AND METAMORPHIC CONDITIONS IN LOW TEMPERATURE<br />
METASEDIMENTARY TERRANES<br />
LE BAYON, Ronan and FERREIRO MÄHLMANN, Rafael, Institut für Geowissenschaften,<br />
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, Darmstadt, D–64287, Germany,<br />
rlebayon@geo.tu-darmstadt.de<br />
We carried out laboratory rate studies to elucidate and quantify the effects <strong>of</strong> time (t),<br />
temperature (T) and pressure (P) on vitrinite reflectance (VR). A series <strong>of</strong> confined system<br />
maturation experiments was conducted at various pressures and temperatures. Experiments<br />
were performed on xylite <strong>of</strong> swamp cypress and involved run lengths from 0 seconds to dozens<br />
<strong>of</strong> days.<br />
Our experimental results demonstrate temperature and heating time to be important<br />
variables that promote VR increase and therefore the maturation <strong>of</strong> Type III organic material.<br />
VR increases <strong>with</strong> time at each investigated pressure. Despite rapid initial kinetics, the increase<br />
in VR decelerates <strong>with</strong> time at each pressure. When VR < ~1.2-1.5%, increasing pressure<br />
reduces the rate <strong>of</strong> VR increase and hence retards the initial VR enhancement <strong>with</strong> time. The<br />
retarding effect <strong>of</strong> pressure on VR increase diminishes <strong>with</strong> enhancing VR. The retardation<br />
<strong>of</strong> VR increase is insignificant for geological maturation at T ≥ 300 °C because a VR <strong>of</strong> ~1.2-<br />
1.5% is attained in only a few hours or days. When VR > ~1.2-1.5%, increasing pressure<br />
counteracts the deceleration <strong>of</strong> VR increase <strong>with</strong> time and thus greatly enhances the increase<br />
in VR <strong>with</strong> time. The strong effect <strong>of</strong> the experimental heat-up on VR is obvious even for very<br />
short experiments and must be corrected in kinetic analysis. The evolution <strong>of</strong> VR <strong>with</strong> heating<br />
time, temperature and pressure from an initial VR <strong>of</strong> 0% is well described at the investigated<br />
experimental P–T conditions by our new power law rate equation<br />
VR(P, T, t) = (k(P, T) t) n(P, T) ,<br />
where the exponent n(P, T) and the rate constant k(P, T) depend on P and T. We regard this<br />
preliminary kinetic formulation as a step toward a general equation describing VR evolution as<br />
a function <strong>of</strong> time, pressure and temperature for Type III organic matter. This VR rate equation<br />
will be a useful tool to model VR in sedimentary basins and to estimate the P–T–t conditions<br />
in metamorphic terranes occurring in various tectonic settings (e.g., exhumed subducted<br />
terranes, collided terranes in orogenic wedges). This will aid to gain insight into geodynamic<br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> sedimentary and metamorphic terranes and to improve hydrocarbon generation<br />
modeling in sedimentary basins.<br />
21-5 12:20 Littke, Ralf<br />
HYDROCARBON GENERATION POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS OF<br />
THE CENTRAL CONGO BASIN, DRC<br />
LITTKE, Ralf1 , SACHSE, Victoria F. 1 , and DELVAUX, Damien2 , (1) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geology and<br />
Geochemistry <strong>of</strong> Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20,<br />
Aachen, 52056, littke@lek.rwth-aachen.de, (2) Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren,<br />
3080, Belgium<br />
The Central Congo Basin in the Democratic Republic <strong>of</strong> Congo is one <strong>of</strong> the largest<br />
intracratonic basins worldwide, but poorly investigated <strong>with</strong> respect to petroleum generation<br />
potential. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to characterize the hydrocarbon generation potential<br />
<strong>of</strong> various stratigraphic units in the Central Congo Basin. Therefore, outcrop and well samples<br />
(wells Samba and Dekese) covering various stratigraphic units were sampled, and analyzed<br />
using organic geochemical (i.e. GC-MS: biomarker parameters) and petrological (i.e. vitrinite<br />
reflectance measurements) methods. The research revealed two highly potential source rocks<br />
<strong>of</strong> Late Jurassic (Stanleyville formation) and Early Cretaceous (Loia formation) age in the<br />
north-eastern part <strong>of</strong> the Congo Basin. Organic carbon content is moderate to high (19 %),<br />
<strong>with</strong> dominating type I kerogen <strong>of</strong> excellent quality in the Stanleyville Formation and type I/II<br />
kerogen in the overlying Loia Formation. Based on biomarker analysis/n-alkane distribution<br />
a lacustrine, anoxic depositional environment can be assumed for these units. However,<br />
thermal maturity parameters such as biomarker ratios, vitrinite reflectance, T and PI values<br />
max<br />
characterized the organic matter <strong>of</strong> both formations as immature <strong>with</strong> respect to significant<br />
petroleum generation. Finally, vitrinite reflectance data was used to calibrate 1D models for<br />
wells Dekese and Samba, which give an overview about burial-, thermal-, and maturity history<br />
<strong>of</strong> the area. The model revealed for well Samba one significant main phase <strong>of</strong> subsidence<br />
which started in the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous and shifted the Stanleyville Formation to<br />
a depth <strong>of</strong> approx. 2 km. The base <strong>of</strong> the Loia Group, for which calibration data is available,<br />
reached a depth <strong>of</strong> ~ 1600 m. Highest temperatures which were calculated for the Stanleyville<br />
Formation thus reached approx. 120°C, for Loia Formation approx. 110°C.<br />
Both Stanleyville and Loia Formations can be regarded as excellent petroleum source rocks<br />
and could be part <strong>of</strong> a petroleum system if sufficient burial and maturation has occurred. We<br />
conclude that exploration for conventional oil should focus on positions in the basin where the<br />
Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous sequence has reached greater maturity than in case <strong>of</strong> the<br />
areas investigated here.<br />
21-6 12:35 Cramer, Bernhard<br />
PROJEKT NIKO: ERDÖL UND ERDGAS AUS TONSTEINEN – POTENZIALE FÜR<br />
DEUTSCHLAND<br />
LADAGE, Stefan1 , CRAMER, Bernhard2 , BERNER, Ulrich3 , OSTERTAG-HENNING,<br />
Christian4 , LUTZ, Rüdiger5 , and FRANKE, Dieter4 , (1) B1.4 Wirtschaftsgeologie der<br />
Energierohst<strong>of</strong>fe, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe (BGR), Stilleweg 2,<br />
Hannover, 30659, Germany, (2) Energy Resources, Federal Inst. for Geosciences and<br />
Natural Ressources, Stilleweg 2, Hannover, D-30655, Germany, bernhard.cramer@<br />
bgr.de, (3) Geochemistry <strong>of</strong> Petroleum and Coal, Federal Inst. for Geosciences and<br />
Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, Hannover, D-30655, Germany, (4) Bundesanstalt für<br />
Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe (BGR), Hannover, 30655, (5) Federal Institute for<br />
Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany<br />
Erdgas nimmt eine wichtige Rolle im heutigen breiten Energiemix Deutschlands ein. Für<br />
die kommenden Jahrzehnte wird Erdgas als Brücke zu der für die Zukunft angestrebten<br />
Deckung eines Großteils des Energiebedarfs durch erneuerbare Energien eine große<br />
Bedeutung zugesprochen. Deutschland versorgt sich mit Erdgas derzeit zu über 80% aus<br />
Importen. Aufgrund der fortschreitenden Erschöpfung der konventionellen heimischen Erdgas-<br />
Lagerstätten kann mit einem weiteren Anstieg der Erdgasimporte gerechnet werden.<br />
In den USA konnte durch die rasante Entwicklung bei der Aufsuchung und Produktion<br />
von Schiefergas in den letzten zehn Jahren, eine bevorstehende hohe Importabhängigkeit<br />
abgewendet werden. Auch hierzulande könnten bislang ungenutzte Potenziale in nichtkonventionellen<br />
Erdgasvorkommen existieren. Hierzu zählen insbesondere Kohleflözgas und<br />
Schiefergas (Shale Gas).<br />
Bislang liegen allerdings keine belastbaren Informationen zum tatsächlichen<br />
Rohst<strong>of</strong>fpotenzial von Schiefergas in Deutschland vor. Die Bundesregierung hat die Deutsche<br />
SESSION NO. 21<br />
Rohst<strong>of</strong>fagentur in der BGR daher beauftragt, das Potenzial an Schiefergas und Schieferöl in<br />
Deutschland zu ermitteln. Diese Arbeiten fließen darüber hinaus in eine globale Erhebung des<br />
Potenziales an nicht-konventionellem Erdgas in Zusammenarbeit mit dem US Geologischen<br />
Dienst (USGS) ein.<br />
Primäres Ziel des Forschungsprojektes Niko (Nicht-konventionelle KW) ist die Erfassung des<br />
heimischen Nutzungspotenzials von Erdöl und Erdgas aus Tonsteinen. Untersuchungsobjekt<br />
der Arbeiten sind dabei die Tonsteinformationen, die je nach Zusammensetzung des<br />
organischen Materials und der thermischen Reife entweder ein Erdgas- oder ein Erdölpotenzial<br />
aufweisen können. Mit sedimentologischen, geochemischen, petrographischen und<br />
strukturgeologischen Analysen werden die Tonsteine charakterisiert, ihr Erdgas- und<br />
das Erdölpotenzial bewertet und eine Ressourcenabschätzung durchgeführt. Neben der<br />
geowissenschaftlichen Untersuchung und der Quantifizierung der Potenziale werden<br />
zusammen mit wissenschaftlichen Partnerinstitutionen auch wirtschaftliche Aspekte betrachtet<br />
sowie neue technische Konzepte der Nutzung bewertet. Im Rahmen des Projektes werden<br />
zudem Aspekte der nachhaltigen Nutzung betrachtet.<br />
21-7 14:00 Suetnova, Elena I.<br />
THERMAL REGIME OF SEDIMENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ACCUMULATION OF<br />
MARINE GAS HYDRATES DURING THE HISTORY OF SEDIMENTATION<br />
SUETNOVA, Elena I., Russian Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences, Institute <strong>of</strong> the Physics <strong>of</strong> the Earth,<br />
RAS, B. Gruzinskay 10, Moscow 123995 Russia, elena_suetnova@mail.ru<br />
Localizations <strong>of</strong> methane hydrate in marine sediments are controlled by the combination <strong>of</strong><br />
the temperature and pressure conditions (which define the solubility pr<strong>of</strong>ile) and an adequate<br />
supply <strong>of</strong> methane. The base <strong>of</strong> the hydrate stability zone (HSZ) in marine sediments<br />
corresponds <strong>with</strong> the depth where the local temperature and pressure conditions coinside the<br />
conditions for three-phase equilibrium between water, free gas and hydrate.<br />
The effect <strong>of</strong> thermal regime <strong>of</strong> sedimentation on to hydrate accumulation is analyzed using<br />
numerical simulation in terms <strong>of</strong> the model including coupled processes <strong>of</strong> sediment heating,<br />
poro-viscoelastic compaction, and upward movement <strong>of</strong> porous fluids, and accumulation <strong>of</strong> gas<br />
hydrates from dissolved methane during sedimentation. Model calculations were performed<br />
using representative parameters <strong>of</strong> the system and under different thermal conditions <strong>of</strong><br />
sedimentation.<br />
It is numerically shown, that the resulting volume <strong>of</strong> hydrate depends on the methane<br />
solubility pr<strong>of</strong>ile, dimensionless filtration rate and the time duration. Comparative calculations<br />
show that, for the same final thicknesses <strong>of</strong> sediments, an increase in the temperature gradient<br />
in sediments leads to decreasing <strong>of</strong> hydrates saturation, <strong>with</strong> reducing the thickness <strong>of</strong> the HSZ<br />
and changing the gradient <strong>of</strong> methane solubility.<br />
These results can be accounted for by the fact that, the hydrates are accumulated in thinner<br />
HSZ for a less time during the history <strong>of</strong> marine sedimentation, leading to a smaller volume <strong>of</strong><br />
hydrates in pores in spite <strong>of</strong> higher methane solubility gradient.<br />
The results are useful for analysis <strong>of</strong> marine gas hydrate observations from geothermal point<br />
<strong>of</strong> view, because emphasize the complicated effect <strong>of</strong> geothermal gradient.<br />
21-8 14:15 Sachse, Victoria F.<br />
HYDROCARBON GENERATION POTENTIAL OF JURASSIC, CRETACEOUS AND EOCENE<br />
ORGANIC-MATTER RICH SEDIMENTS FROM MOROCCO<br />
SACHSE, Victoria F., LITTKE, Ralf, and HEIM, Sabine, Institute <strong>of</strong> Geology and<br />
Geochemistry <strong>of</strong> Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20,<br />
Aachen, 52056, Germany, sachse@lek.rwth-aachen.de<br />
Organic geochemical and petrological analysis has been carried out for sediments <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Tarfaya Basin, southern Morocco and for a Pliensbachian source rock from the Middle Atlas,<br />
due to missing Jurassic outcrops in the Tarfaya Basin. In order to obtain more information about<br />
hydrocarbon generation potential, cores from wells and outcrop samples covering a large area<br />
were collected. Organic and inorganic carbon as well as sulphur measurements, Rock-Eval<br />
pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance measurements and organic-geochemical analyses (GC/GC-MS)<br />
were carried out to obtain information on depositional environment, thermal maturity and<br />
hydrocarbon generation potential.<br />
High C contents were measured for Eocene sediments in the southern part <strong>of</strong> the Tarfaya<br />
org<br />
Basin (up to 7 %). C values <strong>of</strong> Santonian, Coniacian and Campanian range between 1 and<br />
org<br />
6 %, <strong>with</strong> increasing values towards the recent coast. Similar C values were also measured<br />
org<br />
for the Pliensbachian sample set (5 %). Highest values were measured for Cenomanian/<br />
Turonian black shales (up to 16 %). Most <strong>of</strong> the samples are representing a type-II kerogen,<br />
whereas some <strong>of</strong> the Late Turonian, Santonian and Eocene samples contain type-I kerogen.<br />
Kerogen type I/II was also assigned for the Pliensbachian samples. All <strong>of</strong> these sediments<br />
were deposited under marine, oxygen-depleted bottom waters, <strong>with</strong> favourable conditions<br />
for preservations <strong>of</strong> the organic matter (algae/phytoplankton). Eocene sediments revealed a<br />
higher influence <strong>of</strong> terrestrial organic matter mixed to the plankton-derived material. Maturity<br />
<strong>of</strong> the samples <strong>of</strong> the Tarfaya Basin is low, i.e. they are immature or at an early mature range,<br />
as reflected by vitrinite reflectance data, Rock-Eval pyrolysis T and specific biomarker<br />
max<br />
ratios. Despite their immature range, especially the Late Cretaceous can be regarded as<br />
unconventional petroleum source rocks due to their thickness, quality and quantity <strong>of</strong> organic<br />
matter. In contrast to the immature sediments <strong>of</strong> Tarfaya Basin, the Pliensbachian sediments<br />
act as effective petroleum source, and oil seeps were observed. This is supported by thermal<br />
maturity data and bulk kinetic parameters, which were included in a numerical 1D petroleum<br />
system model. Burial-, thermal-, and maturation histories were calculated, as well as timing and<br />
petroleum generation potential <strong>with</strong>in this source rock.<br />
21-9 14:30 Singh, Sahendra<br />
CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF EARTH AND ITS CONTROL ON GLOBAL SCALE OROGENIC<br />
GOLD METALLOGENY<br />
SINGH, Sahendra, VENKATESH, A.S., and CHANDAN, Karun Kumar, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Applied<br />
Geology, Indian School <strong>of</strong> Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, India, sahendrasingh02@gmail.com<br />
Crustal scale evolutionary processes are operating right from the very beginning <strong>of</strong> the<br />
evolutionary history <strong>of</strong> the earth. The implication <strong>of</strong> these processes in terms <strong>of</strong> crust mantle<br />
interaction has been the subject <strong>of</strong> research and discussion and has gained considerable<br />
importance among the geoscientists. However their implications on global scale metallogeny<br />
have been an issue <strong>of</strong> serious debate among the geoscientist for last few decades. The role <strong>of</strong><br />
crustal evolution is being exclusively studied for their metallogenetic significance. Now a day’s<br />
most <strong>of</strong> the ore deposits are being exclusively correlated <strong>with</strong> the plate margin activities where<br />
tectono-magmatic processes have operated to mobilize and enrich the mineral deposits. Since<br />
the activities along the plate boundary may be classified as occurring at crustal scale, it has a<br />
very important role to first bring the economically important element like gold from deep inside<br />
the earth along these crustal scale shear zone on an initial basis .Later on this process might<br />
have been repeated several times and further supplemented by various geological processes,<br />
operating at regional scale to from workable deposits. This paper deals <strong>with</strong> the Global scale<br />
crustal evolutionary processes and its role on the spatial and temporal distribution <strong>of</strong> gold<br />
mineralization on a province/deposit scale. It has been observed that almost all the global<br />
Precambrian/ Paleaeozoic/ Mesozoic and Cenozoic gold provinces can be spatially correlated<br />
to plate margins. It is also well evident that the gold deposits associated <strong>with</strong> a specific plate<br />
margin were formed during the time, when that particular region/plate margin was active. There<br />
Munich, Germany A29<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 21<br />
is sufficient reason to believe that the mobilization <strong>of</strong> gold in more that one phase was operative<br />
till the area was tectonically active on a crustal scale. The possibility <strong>of</strong> subsequent phase <strong>of</strong><br />
mobilization can be held for the further enrichment <strong>of</strong> gold deposits.<br />
21-10 14:45 Schäfer, Frauke<br />
GEOTHERMAL PROJECT GENESYS, HANNOVER: 3D RESERVOIR MODELING OF THE<br />
WEALDEN (BÜCKEBERG) FORMATION<br />
SCHÄFER, Frauke1 , HEINIG, Simone1 , and BAUMGARTEN, Henrike2 , (1) BGR,<br />
Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany, frauke.schaefer@bgr.de, (2) LIAG, Stilleweg 2,<br />
Hannover, 30655, Germany<br />
The GeneSys (Generated Geothermal Energy System) project in Hannover, Germany, aims at<br />
demonstrating that deep geothermal energy can be used in sedimentary basins <strong>with</strong> average<br />
heat flow, producing from tight sedimentary rocks. To enable sufficient water production rates,<br />
an artificial circulation system has to be generated in the target formation – in the form <strong>of</strong><br />
fractures. The goal is to heat the <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>of</strong> Geozentrum Hannover, housing three geoscientific<br />
institutions <strong>with</strong> some 1000 employees. To keep costs down, GeneSys aims at producing heat<br />
from a single well. A cyclic “huff-puff” concept is pursued, requiring a large water storage facility.<br />
This storage reservoir can be provided by the Wealden sandstones <strong>of</strong> the Lower Cretaceous<br />
Berriasian stage (also called Bückeberg Formation).<br />
The goal <strong>of</strong> this paper is to present a 3D reservoir model <strong>of</strong> the Wealden, as input for simulating<br />
the pressure evolution caused by cyclic injection and production <strong>of</strong> 100,000 m3 <strong>of</strong> water,<br />
through well Gross-Buchholz GT1 (GBGT1).<br />
The facies <strong>of</strong> the North German Wealden is lacustrine <strong>with</strong> very minor marine influence,<br />
deposited in the small, east-west trending Lower Saxony Basin. In the Hannover area, the<br />
facies is coastal to deltaic, <strong>with</strong> the nearest shoreline and sediment source towards the south.<br />
To constrain the facies distribution, information from 24 neighbouring hydrocarbon exploration<br />
wells has been incorporated in the model. No particular marker horizons could be correlated<br />
from well to well across the entire model, but a trend from more claystones at the bottom <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Wealden to more sandstones at the top is visible.<br />
These facies settings have been mimicked using Petrel’s “Truncated Gaussian With Trend”<br />
algorithm, using a high influence range. The constraint given by the wells forces lobe shaped<br />
sandstone-claystone distributions trending at high angles to the shoreface. Based on the facies<br />
distribution, petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability are then attached<br />
to each cell. These are available from well GBGT1, where porosity and permeability have<br />
been derived from log, lab and microscope analysis. Porosity is in the order <strong>of</strong> 15 - 18 % in<br />
the sandstones and 5 - 10 % in the claystones, while permeability is highly variable, <strong>with</strong> 2 -<br />
347 mD in the sandstones and 10 4 - 5 mD in the claystones.<br />
21-11 15:00 Stiller, Eva<br />
REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN MATURITY TRENDS AROUND DEEP GEOTHERMAL WELL<br />
GROSS-BUCHHOLZ GT-1, HANNOVER, LOWER SAXONY BASIN<br />
STILLER, Eva, JÄHNE, Fabian, BERNER, Ulrich, KUS, Jolanta, PLETSCH, Thomas,<br />
SCHEEDER, Georg, and CRAMER, Bernhard, Federal Institute for Geosciences and<br />
Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany, eva.stiller@bgr.de<br />
Geothermal well Groß-Buchholz GT-1 (GBGT-1), located at the city limits <strong>of</strong> Hannover, SE<br />
Lower Saxony Basin (LSB), penetrated lower Cretaceous to lower Triassic sediments down<br />
to a depth <strong>of</strong> 3900 m. The LSB is an active hydrocarbon-producing basin in a mature state<br />
<strong>of</strong> exploration. Well GBGT-1 affords the opportunity to investigate the major source rocks for<br />
almost all hydrocarbon accumulations <strong>of</strong> the LSB (Wealden Fm and Posidonia Shale) at the<br />
site <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbon generation and to understand the conditions leading to their maturation.<br />
To reconstruct the subsidence and heating history at GBGT-1 we determined the thermal<br />
maturity on more than 100 cuttings and core samples, using petrographic studies on organic<br />
particles (vitrinite reflectance) and bulk-rock geochemical analyses. The resulting maturity<br />
trends indicate a slightly increased maturity at the recent surface (0,4 0,6 %Ro). By reference<br />
to numerical 1D simulation, this can be explained for the vitrinite-trend as a consequence<br />
<strong>of</strong> about 1800 m <strong>of</strong> overlying Cretaceous sediments and a marginally increased heat-flow<br />
(~65 mW/m2), whereas a lesser overburden (c. 1000 m) and a strongly increased heat flow<br />
(~95 mW/m2) in the late Cretaceous yielded the best fit for the bulk-rock geochemical trend.<br />
For regional comparison, numerical simulations were carried out on data from two more<br />
wells to the north-east (Großburgwedel) and east (Hämelerwald) <strong>of</strong> GBGT-1. Although the<br />
three wells lie <strong>with</strong>in a distance <strong>of</strong> only 20 km from each other, they experienced strikingly<br />
different heating and subsidence histories: 700 m <strong>of</strong> Cretaceous overburden and an increased<br />
late Triassic heat flow were calculated for Hämelerwald and only 200 m <strong>of</strong> overburden and a<br />
heat flow peak in the early Cretaceous were determined for Großburgwedel.<br />
The resulting variations in the eroded sedimentary overburden can be explained <strong>with</strong> a<br />
variable magnitude <strong>of</strong> structural inversion and/or salt movement processes over short distances<br />
across the “Hannover Scholle” and the adjacent “Hildesheim Scholle”. Regional aspects <strong>of</strong><br />
deformation, including balanced sections across the study area, will be shown in a separate<br />
presentation (Jähne and Kley, this volume).<br />
21-12 15:35 Kruhl, Jörn H.<br />
FLUID FLOW AND QUARTZ CRYSTALLIZATION IN THE PFAHL SHEAR ZONE:<br />
DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE-SCALE FLUID PATHWAY TO A FOSSIL HYDROTHERMAL<br />
SYSTEM<br />
PROSSER, Giacomo1 , KRUHL, Jörn H. 2 , LIOTTA, Domenico3 , YILMAZ, Tim2 , and<br />
VOLLAND, Sabine2 , (1) Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università della Basilicata,<br />
Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, 85100, Italy, (2) Tectonics and Material Fabrics<br />
Section, Technical University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Arcisstr. 21, Munich, 80333, Germany, kruhl@<br />
tum.de, (3) Dipartimento di Geologia e Ge<strong>of</strong>isica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via<br />
Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy<br />
During the post-Hercynian activity <strong>of</strong> the Pfahl shear zone a 150 km long and 30-100 m thick<br />
almost continuous quartz dyke formed along the main fault zone, <strong>with</strong> a lenticular and partly<br />
symmetric structure. The main quartz dyke is surrounded by sheared granitoids and gneisses<br />
which are, to a large extent, transformed by metasomatic processes to kaolinite, chlorite and<br />
phyllosilicates.<br />
Four subsequent stages <strong>of</strong> quartz crystallization can be detected. (1) A homogeneous<br />
µm-sized, dark grey or red quartz mass <strong>with</strong> mm- to cm-sized angular wall-rock fragments,<br />
completely altered to kaolinite. (2) A µm-sized quartz mass <strong>with</strong> light grey to pink color, which<br />
contains fragments <strong>of</strong> the first quartz type. Both quartz generations form a mosaic texture <strong>with</strong><br />
random crystallographic orientation and partly intricate fluid inclusion structures, suggesting<br />
formation during two (or several) fragmentation episodes and from silica gel precursors that<br />
underwent recrystallization after precipitation. (3) A set <strong>of</strong> mm- to dm-wide quartz veins roughly<br />
parallel to the trend <strong>of</strong> the Pfahl zone, cross-cutting the two first generations <strong>of</strong> fine-grained<br />
quartz groundmass, in connection to intense fracturing and multiple fluid injection. (4) Steep,<br />
roughly N-S oriented mm- to dm-thick quartz veins, oblique to the general trend <strong>of</strong> the Pfahl<br />
and cross-cutting the earlier quartz masses and veins. The veins are partly open, due to<br />
incomplete quartz precipitation, and accompanied by cm- to dm-spaced fractures <strong>of</strong> the same<br />
orientation, <strong>with</strong> subhorizontal striations that locally indicate dextral shear sense, coherent <strong>with</strong><br />
the kinematics <strong>of</strong> the Pfahl shear zone.<br />
A30 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
The different types <strong>of</strong> quartz masses and veins allow to investigate the evolution <strong>of</strong> an<br />
important hydrothermal system that developed during the latest movements <strong>of</strong> the Pfahl shear<br />
zone. Early quartz formation by precipitation from supersaturated silica solutions was followed<br />
by quartz formation from decreasing saline hydrothermal fluids. Brecciation was favored by<br />
overpressure stages <strong>of</strong> fluid flow, leading to fracturing. Later en-echelon veins indicate evolution<br />
to less overpressured fluids <strong>with</strong> still less silica content.<br />
21-13 15:50 Fischer, Sebastian<br />
RESERVOIR SANDSTONE SAMPLES FROM THE KETZIN PILOT SITE DURING<br />
LONG-TERM CO2-EXPOSURE EXPERIMENTS - MINERALOGICAL CHANGES AND<br />
GEOCHEMICAL MODELLING<br />
FISCHER, Sebastian and LIEBSCHER, Axel, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German<br />
Research Centre for Geosciences, Centre for CO2 Storage, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam,<br />
D-14473, Germany, fischer@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
Rock core samples <strong>of</strong> the Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation from the Ketzin pilot CO2 storage site were exposed to pure CO and synthetic reservoir brine at simulated reservoir<br />
2<br />
P-T conditions <strong>of</strong> 5 MPa and 40 °C. Autoclaves were opened and samples were taken after<br />
15, 21, 24 and 40 months, respectively. The samples were analysed mineralogically and<br />
geochemically and compared to baseline data <strong>of</strong> untreated samples. XRD analyses <strong>with</strong><br />
Rietveld refinement show no significant mineralogical changes for the studied intervals. On<br />
freshly broken rock fragments <strong>of</strong> the CO -treated samples, corrosion textures were found on<br />
2<br />
plagioclase, K-feldspar and anhydrite surfaces. BSE images <strong>of</strong> the respective twin samples<br />
show (intensified) alterations <strong>of</strong> feldspar minerals. EMPA data display a change in plagioclase<br />
composition from intermediate to almost pure albite endmember compositions after CO2 exposure. Inorganic fluid data show, besides others, highly increased calcium, potassium and<br />
sulfate concentrations [1]. The experimental observations were reproduced using the reactive<br />
geochemical modeling code PHREEQC.<br />
The mineralogical-chemical measurements imply preferred dissolution <strong>of</strong> calcium out <strong>of</strong><br />
plagioclase next to dissolution <strong>of</strong> K-feldspar and anhydrite. Due to the heterogeneous character<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Stuttgart Formation, which formed in a fluvial environment [2], it is <strong>of</strong>ten difficult to<br />
distinguish between natural variability and CO -related changes. Additional data is needed to<br />
2<br />
interconnect the indicated changes during the experiments and to better understand CO -brine-<br />
2<br />
rock interaction occurring <strong>with</strong>in the Ketzin reservoir.<br />
[1] Wandrey, et al. (2011). Monitoring petrophysical, mineralogical, geochemical and<br />
microbiological effects <strong>of</strong> CO exposure – Results <strong>of</strong> long-term experiments under in situ<br />
2<br />
conditions. Energy Procedia 4, 3644-3650, doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.295.<br />
[2] Förster et al. (2006). Baseline characterization <strong>of</strong> the CO SINK geological storage site at<br />
2<br />
Ketzin, Germany. Environ Geoscience, 13, 3, 145-161.<br />
21-14 16:05 Steiner, Ulrich<br />
EXPOSITION TIMES AND KARSTIFICATION SIGNATURES OF THE MALM-<br />
AQUIFER IN SOUTHERN GERMANY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR RESERVOIR<br />
CHARACTERISATION<br />
STEINER, Ulrich1 , ELSNER, Martin2 , SCHUBERT, Achim3 , and SCHNEIDER, Michael1 ,<br />
(1) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Hydrogeology Group, Freie Universität Berlin,<br />
Malteserstr. 74-100, Berlin, 12249, Germany, usteiner@zedat.fu-berlin.de, (2) Lehrstuhl<br />
für Ingenieurgeologie, TU München, Arcisstraße 21, München, 80333, (3) Erdwerk Gmbh,<br />
Bonner Platz 1, München, 80803, Germany<br />
The deep Upper Jurassic Malm carbonates are the most important reservoir rocks for<br />
hydrothermal energy in Southern Germany. They consist <strong>of</strong> up to 600 m thick, locally<br />
dolomitised limestones. A mostly thick-bedded to massive platform facies can be distinguished<br />
from a marly thinner bedded basin facies. In exploration strategy, karstification is known to<br />
significantly increase the productivity <strong>of</strong> a well; hence its history is a crucial point in reservoir<br />
characterisation. It can help to better understand and interpret the Intra-Malm seismic signature<br />
and so, to better setup geological and hydrogeological models for fluid flow simulation and well<br />
path optimisation.<br />
The Malm crops out in the Suebian and Franconian Alb and dips gently southwards under<br />
the Tertiary Molasse Basin (North Alpine Foreland Basin) reaching a depth <strong>of</strong> more than<br />
5,000 m at the boundary to the alpine orogeny. The available data like seismic surveys, drilling<br />
reports and core material, geophysical borehole data and the hydraulic formation tests together<br />
<strong>with</strong> analogue outcrop studies support the reservoir properties assessment.<br />
Reservoir quality varies strongly, depending on sedimentary facies, diagenesis,<br />
dolomitisation, karstification, and tectonic impregnation. In the beginning <strong>of</strong> the hydrothermal<br />
exploration, a long-lasting exposition <strong>of</strong> the carbonates during the Cretaceous was assumed to<br />
drive an intense karstification at the top <strong>of</strong> the reservoir leading to an inherent higher productive<br />
zone. However, this has shown to be a simplification, since karstification features are present in<br />
the entire Malm, spatially related to faults and thick bedded to massive dolomites.<br />
During the Lower Cretaceous, several transgressions from the alpine helvetic shelf reached<br />
the area <strong>of</strong> the later basin. The extent <strong>of</strong> transgressions in the Upper Vanginian/Hauterivian,<br />
Upper Aptian/Albian, Upper Cenomanian/Turonian, Priabonian, Lower Kiscell, Upper Kiscell,<br />
and Eger were evaluated to propose a karstification history by dividing Southern Germany in<br />
at least ten exposition zones, lasting from about 7 Ma to more than 100 Ma. The karstification<br />
is characterized by signatures from well and seismic data for the central zone. This zone<br />
comprises the area around the city <strong>of</strong> Munich and is recently the most explored and exploited.<br />
21-15 16:20 Mitterer, Agnes<br />
NEW GENETIC ASPECTS OF “SILICEOUS EARTH” AND SIMILAR ROCKS IN SOUTHERN<br />
GERMANY<br />
MITTERER, Agnes1 , LEHRBERGER, Gerhard1 , GILG, H. Albert1 , and GÖSKE, Jürgen2 ,<br />
(1) Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie, Technische Universität München, Arcisstraße<br />
21, München, 80333, Germany, agnes.mitterer@tum.de, (2) ZWL Zentrum für<br />
Werkst<strong>of</strong>fanalytik, Hardstraße 39b, Lauf a.d. Pegnitz, 91207, Germany<br />
On the Mesozoic platform in Southern Germany the formation <strong>of</strong> silica rich fine grained rocks<br />
are frequently observed. The content <strong>of</strong> amorphous or nano-sized crystalline silica and clay<br />
minerals makes siliceous earth a unique material for polishing purposes or as filler in rubber<br />
etc. Formerly, the usage for ceramic production as a clayey material was common.<br />
Very similar rocks occur in different sites in Central Europe and they are called siliceous<br />
earth, tripel, opuka (in Czech Republic) or gaize (in France). They look quite similar, but<br />
only few investigations were conducted to distinguish them or characterize the conditions <strong>of</strong><br />
formation <strong>of</strong> these “strange” rocks. So far, siliceous sponges were regarded as a major source<br />
<strong>of</strong> the silica material and therefore the term “spongiolite” is widespread. So far, very little<br />
investigations were undertaken to characterize those materials by mineralogical means or by<br />
high resolution scanning electron microscopy.<br />
Investigations on siliceous earth from the Cretaceous deposits in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the town<br />
<strong>of</strong> Neuburg in Bavaria (Germany) revealed a very complex history <strong>of</strong> the formation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
siliceous earth. A detailed microcopic study <strong>of</strong> the material shows, that dissolution processes,<br />
reprecipitation and replacement processes occurred. Carbonatic material as well as silicic<br />
material such as quartz were dissolved and the whole original substances were replaced by<br />
nano-sized crystallized silica.
The formation occured obviously under very special chemical conditions, which favoured<br />
the dissolution and precipitation <strong>of</strong> silica very near together. Isotope analyses show, that the<br />
clay minerals formed under relatively moderate temperatures <strong>of</strong> 5-30 °C during the Upper<br />
Cretaceous to Middle Miocene.<br />
Typical for the occurences <strong>of</strong> siliceous rich formations are silicified blocks. They are very<br />
resistant to chemical weathering and are enriched on the surface. They can be regarded<br />
as “petrified” orginal material, from which the loose siliceous earth formed as a weathering<br />
product. The preserved structures and materials <strong>with</strong>in them are “keys” to the understanding<br />
<strong>of</strong> the earthy material.<br />
21-16 16:35 Weniger, Philipp<br />
EVALUATION OF THE SORPTIVE CO2 STORAGE POTENTIAL OF CLAY-RICH CAPROCK<br />
LITHOTYPES AND CLAY MINERALS<br />
WENIGER, Philipp1 , AMMAN, Alexandra1 , BERTIER, Pieter2 , BLUME, Jennifer1 ,<br />
BUSCH, Andreas1 , KROOSS, Bernhard M. 1 , RICK, Ines3 , and WASCHBÜSCH, Margret1 ,<br />
(1) Lehrstuhl für Geologie, Geochemie und Lagerstätten des Erdöls und der Kohle, RWTH-<br />
Aachen, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056, Germany, weniger@lek.rwth-aachen.de,<br />
(2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Clay and Interface Mineralogy (CIM), Aachen, 52056, Germany, (3) Applied<br />
Geophysik, Aachen, 52074, Germany<br />
Long-term underground carbon dioxide storage is being evaluated internationally as an<br />
option to reduce CO emissions that are considered to promote global warming. The long<br />
2<br />
term sealing efficency and retention potential <strong>of</strong> caprocks are a key criterion for the selection<br />
<strong>of</strong> appropriate underground CO storage sites. In the course <strong>of</strong> the CO2SEALS project,<br />
2<br />
which is incorporated into the GEOTECHNOLOGIEN1 R&D program, funded by the German<br />
Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) and the German Research Foundation<br />
(DFG), laboratory experiments have been performed to evaluate the sorptive CO storage<br />
2<br />
potential <strong>of</strong> different clay-rich caprock lithologies and “pure” clay minerals. High-pressure CO2 sorption experiments were conducted on 17 caprock samples from five different locations.<br />
Experiments were carried out on dry samples at 45°C and pressures up to 25 MPa. A positive<br />
correlation was found between the CO sorption capacity <strong>of</strong> shales and BET surface area as<br />
2<br />
well as illite/smectite content. No statistically significant correlation was found between CO2 sorption capacity and total organic carbon content (TOC). Sorption capacities <strong>of</strong> clay-rich<br />
shales ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mmol/g. Quarz-rich sandstones and calcite rich marl had only<br />
minor CO sorption capacities <strong>of</strong> 0.03 and 0.12 mmol respectively. The CO excess sorption<br />
2 2<br />
capacity <strong>of</strong> a dry sodium smectite (Na-WyS-2) was higher (0.4 mmol/g) than for a dry kaolinite<br />
(0.3 mmol/g). This is in accordance <strong>with</strong> the significantly higher BET surface area <strong>of</strong> smectite<br />
(32 m²/g) as compared to kaolinite (8 m²/g). Sorption measurements on smectite and kaolinite<br />
revealed significant differences in isotherm shapes, indicating substantially different sorption<br />
mechanisms for the two clays. Future experiments will address the influence <strong>of</strong> moisture<br />
content on CO sorption for smectite by moisturizing the sample at different relative humidity.<br />
2<br />
SESSION NO. 22, 11:00<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T5B. Natural Hazards, Catastrophes, and<br />
Risk Mitigation II (Munich Reinsurance Company)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 014<br />
22-1 11:05 H<strong>of</strong>fmann, Gösta<br />
EVIDENCE FOR THE 27TH NOVEMBER 1945 MAKRAN TSUNAMI ALONG THE<br />
SHORELINE OF OMAN<br />
HOFFMANN, Gösta1 , REICHERTER, Klaus2 , GRUETZNER, Christoph2 , and WIATR,<br />
Thomas2 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong> Applied Geosciences, German University <strong>of</strong> Technology in<br />
Oman, PO Box 1816, Athaibah, Muscat, 130, Oman, goesta.h<strong>of</strong>fmann@gutech.edu.om,<br />
(2) RWTH Aachen University, Neotektonik und Georisiken, Aachen, 52056, Germany<br />
Recent tsunami events like the Indian Ocean tsunami on 25th December 2004 and the<br />
Tôhoku earthquake and tsunami on 11th March 2011 resulted in large number <strong>of</strong> casualties<br />
and immense damage to infrastructure. These events underline the need for tsunami hazard<br />
assessment for any potentially vulnerable region. In most cases this can only be done by<br />
studying past tsunami records. The coastlines <strong>of</strong> the Sultanate <strong>of</strong> Oman are prone to various<br />
natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, landslides and tsunamis. The devastating effects<br />
<strong>of</strong> the cyclone Gonu, caused by flash floods and landslides in June 2007 illustrated the need<br />
to investigate the recurrence intervals <strong>of</strong> such events in order to assess the vulnerability and<br />
to mitigate damages. So far no scientific research concerning recurrence intervals <strong>of</strong> natural<br />
hazards has been carried out. However, different studies reveal past tsunami events in the<br />
Indian Ocean <strong>with</strong> possible effects for the coastline <strong>of</strong> Oman. As the population <strong>of</strong> Oman and<br />
the neighboring countries is concentrated along the coastline and large infrastructure projects<br />
are planned or completed a holistic scientific approach to decipher the geological record <strong>of</strong> past<br />
extreme events is overdue. On the 27th November 1945 an earthquake occurred in the Makran<br />
Subduction Zone <strong>of</strong>fshore Pakistan and triggered a tsunami. Up to 4 000 people were reported<br />
dead along the coastlines <strong>of</strong> NW India and Pakistan. There are almost no historical documents<br />
available for Oman for this period as the country was isolated <strong>with</strong> no international contacts<br />
until the 1970s, living conditions were poor and no modern technology was in use. We report<br />
geological and historical evidence for the tsunami along Oman’s coastline. These evidence<br />
are: (a) fine grained lagoon sediments which show distinct layers <strong>with</strong> allochtonous, <strong>of</strong>fshore<br />
species (mollusks and foraminifera); (b) boulder deposits encountered along cliff-coastlines and<br />
(c) eyewitness-reports <strong>of</strong> old people we interviewed.<br />
22-2 11:20 Scheucher, Lorenz E.A.<br />
TSUNAMI DEPOSITS, THEIR POSSIBLE APPLICATION FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND<br />
DIFFERENTIATION FROM STORM DEPOSITS<br />
SCHEUCHER, Lorenz E.A. 1 , VORTISCH, Walter1 , PILLER, Werner E. 2 , and SMOLKA,<br />
Anselm3 , (1) Department Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, University <strong>of</strong> Leoben,<br />
Leoben, 8700, Austria, lorenz.scheucher@unileoben.ac.at, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Graz, Heinrichstrasse 26, Graz, 8010, Austria, (3) Corporate Underwriting /<br />
GeoRisks, Munich Reinsurance Company, Munich, 80802, Germany<br />
Onshore tsunami deposits can provide useful information on the palaeotsunami history <strong>of</strong><br />
a coastal region, extending far beyond the range which is covered by historical records. In<br />
uninhabited areas such deposits <strong>of</strong>ten provide the only information on the local tsunami<br />
hazard. The main issue when studying (palaeo)tsunami deposits is their differentiation from<br />
storm surge deposits. Similar to tsunami, storm surges are also capable <strong>of</strong> transporting marine<br />
and coastal sediments to considerable distances inland and tend to form similar deposits<br />
(mostly sandy sediment layers and boulder accumulations). However, reconstruction <strong>of</strong> the<br />
palaeotsunami (and also palaeostorm) history for a coastal region essentially requires the<br />
unambiguous differentiation <strong>of</strong> tsunami and storm surge deposits.<br />
SESSION NO. 22<br />
Our studies include detailed observations <strong>of</strong> deposits <strong>of</strong> recent tsunami events (siltysandy<br />
sediment layers and boulders <strong>of</strong> uncommonly large size deposited by the Sumatra-<br />
Andaman Tsunami in the area <strong>of</strong> Khao Lak, Thailand) as well as the detection <strong>of</strong> historical<br />
and prehistorical tsunami deposits in the Dominican Republic. There, sandy sediment layers<br />
attributed to historically known tsunami (NE-coast: August 1946; SW-coast: October 1751)<br />
were observed. Concerning the fine-grained sediment layers, characteristics which definitely<br />
prove deposition by a tsunami were found in all cases. Sedimentary petrography and benthic<br />
foraminifers showed the influence <strong>of</strong> sediments from water depths which could not have been<br />
eroded and redeposited by storm waves. Additionally, distinct sedimentary structures (synsedimentary<br />
flame structure and rip-up clasts), for which a formation by storm waves is very<br />
unlikely, were observed in some cases.<br />
Giant boulders detected along the southern coast <strong>of</strong> the Dominican Republic are interpreted<br />
as tsunami deposits. Considering topographic position (height a.s.l., distance to the sea),<br />
morphological characteristics (dimensions; overturning, fragmentation during deposition<br />
and occasional stacking above each other in considerable distance from the shore) and<br />
hydrodynamic calculations, many <strong>of</strong> the boulders appear to be beyond the transport capability<br />
<strong>of</strong> storm waves.<br />
22-3 11:35 Gischler, Eberhard<br />
HOLOCENE SEA-LEVEL RISE, TSUNAMIS, AND ISLAND INSTABILITY IN THE MALDIVES<br />
(INDIAN OCEAN): AN EXAMPLE OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN LOW-LYING ISLAND<br />
NATIONS<br />
GISCHLER, Eberhard, Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Goethe University, Altenhoeferallee 1,<br />
Frankfurt am Main 60438 Germany, gischler@em.uni-frankfurt.de<br />
The Maldives are among the lowest and flattest countries in the world. The archipelago consists<br />
<strong>of</strong> 22 major atolls <strong>with</strong> 1.200 sand and rubble islands that rise no more than 5 m above mean<br />
sea level. The Maldives are inhabited by almost 400.000 people that live on some 300 islands.<br />
The large majority <strong>of</strong> inhabitants (>100.000) live in the capital Male, an island that measures<br />
only 5 km2. Drilling on a central Maldivian atoll margin nearby has shown that reefs grew <strong>with</strong><br />
rates <strong>of</strong> >15 m/kyrs in the early Holocene and kept pace <strong>with</strong> very high rates <strong>of</strong> sea-level rise.<br />
Sea-level rise decreased to ca. 2 m/kyr around 7-6 kyrs BP, and has been rising by
SESSION NO. 22<br />
To date prior to an investigation using D-InSAR these limiting effects usually are only<br />
estimated, sometimes leading to disappointing results when the actual radar images are<br />
analyzed. Therefore in the present work a GIS routine was developed, which based on freely<br />
available DEM data not only accurately predicts the areas in which layover and shadowing<br />
will occur, but also determines the measurable percentage <strong>of</strong> the movement for a given radar<br />
acquisition geometry. Additionally land cover classification data is used to assess the influence<br />
<strong>of</strong> the land cover to D-InSAR deformation measurements.<br />
Thus by using this new GIS application, in future it is possible to evaluate the usability <strong>of</strong><br />
D-InSAR landslide deformation measurements in a certain region quite accurately before the<br />
expensive actual radar records are ordered.<br />
22-6 12:20 Krautblatter, Michael<br />
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF ROCKFALLS IN THE LATE HOLOCENE -<br />
IMPLICATIONS FOR HAZARD AND RISK<br />
KRAUTBLATTER, Michael, Geography; Geomorphology and Environmental<br />
Studies, University <strong>of</strong> Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, Bonn 53115 Germany,<br />
michael.krautblatter@giub.uni-bonn.de<br />
The frequency and magnitude <strong>of</strong> rockfalls, rockslides and rock avlanches has been a major<br />
scientific interest since the beginning <strong>of</strong> the scientific observation <strong>of</strong> rock slope failure (Heim<br />
1932). However, it is still unclear what factors control magnitude and frequency spectra <strong>of</strong><br />
rock slope failure and to what degree they have change in the (Late) Holocene. Since different<br />
magnitudes pose very different types <strong>of</strong> hazards this is an important issue for the anticipation<br />
<strong>of</strong> potential risks.<br />
We use a very detailed inventory covering 600 years rock slope failure in the Wetterstein<br />
Mountains (Zugspitze area) to analyse what kind <strong>of</strong> informations and approaches could help<br />
to answer this question. This can also be related to the varying hazard potential that has been<br />
effected by rockfalls in the past, the present and the future caused by varying frequencies <strong>of</strong><br />
rainstorms and permafrost degradation.<br />
Here we show, that there is certain sedimentary and process-related evidence that the<br />
magnitude-frequency spectra <strong>of</strong> rockfalls have considerably changed in the Late Holocene.<br />
22-7 12:35 Thuro, Kurosch<br />
THE 2010 ROCK FALL EVENT IN STEIN AN DER TRAUN – CAUSES AND TRIGGERS<br />
THURO, Kurosch, Engineering Geology, Technische Universität München, Arcisstr.<br />
21, München, 80333, Germany, thuro@tum.de and BUNDSCHUH, Moritz, Center <strong>of</strong><br />
Geotechnics, Technische Universität München, Baumbachstraße 7, München, 81245,<br />
Germany<br />
On January 25th , 2010 at the village <strong>of</strong> Stein at the river Traun, at about 8 p.m. a 500 m3 large<br />
and 1,200 t heavy block was released from a conglomerate face obviously <strong>with</strong>out warning,<br />
destroying the family home below. Only two <strong>of</strong> four inhabitants could be saved out <strong>of</strong> the debris<br />
by means <strong>of</strong> a spectacular rescue operation through the local fire brigade.<br />
After this event the question arose, if the rock fall could have been foreseen or if such<br />
spontaneous incidents are abrupt and unpredictable.<br />
In this paper the conducted studies to reconstruct the processes leading to this event will<br />
be presented. These investigations included field mapping, geodetic survey, laserscanning<br />
<strong>of</strong> the rupture face, mineralogical analysis <strong>of</strong> sinter crust thin sections, inventory <strong>of</strong> the block<br />
dimensions and reconstruction <strong>of</strong> the collapse kinematics, analysis <strong>of</strong> the weather data prior to<br />
the event and a 2d finite element calculation (Phase2, rocscience) using the geometry <strong>of</strong> the<br />
overhanging conglomerate strata.<br />
In this case, it seems like there was no clear triggering event prior to the wall collapse.<br />
Instead, it could be proved by engineering geology mapping, mineralogical analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
the sinter crusts and numerical modelling, that the back scarp connected <strong>with</strong> a set <strong>of</strong><br />
discontinuities started to propagate several years ago already. Also supported by early<br />
photographs <strong>of</strong> the cracks in the brick walls <strong>of</strong> the endangered house in 1993 and 2006<br />
together <strong>with</strong> eye wittnesses, it could be shown, that the fracture propagation started tens <strong>of</strong><br />
years beforehand and the rock topple – rock fall took place after the last rock bond bridges<br />
finally were sheared through.<br />
Therefore it can be stated, that the rock fall <strong>of</strong> Stein could have been predicted, if the clear<br />
signs <strong>of</strong> damage would have been interpreted correctly and the failure process would have<br />
been fully understood.<br />
22-8 12:50 Krautblatter, Michael<br />
WHY THAWING PERMAFROST ROCKS CAN BECOME UNSTABLE<br />
KRAUTBLATTER, Michael, FUNK, Daniel, and DRÄBING, Daniel, Geography;<br />
Geomorphology and Environmental Studies, Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166,<br />
Bonn, 53115, michael.krautblatter@giub.uni-bonn.de<br />
The destabilisation <strong>of</strong> permafrost rocks is commonly attributed to changes in ice-mechanical<br />
properties (Davies et al. 2001). Changes <strong>of</strong> intact rock strength and their mechanical relevance<br />
for friction and critical/subcritical fracture propagation have not been considered yet. Yet<br />
compressive and tensile strength reduces by up to 50% when intact rock thaws (Mellor, 1973).<br />
This might play a key role for the onset <strong>of</strong> larger instabilities in thawing permafrost rocks.<br />
The presence <strong>of</strong> permafrost can increase shear stress due to altered hydrostatic pressure<br />
(i.e. perched water) and cryostatic pressure (i.e. ice segregation). The shear resistance <strong>of</strong><br />
ice-filled fractures responds to processes acting individually, in succession or in combination:<br />
(i) friction/fracture along rock-rock contacts, (ii) friction/fracture along rock-ice contacts,<br />
(iii) fracture/deformation <strong>of</strong> ice in fractures and (iv) deformation <strong>of</strong> frozen fill-material.<br />
Theoretically, we defined a failure criterion <strong>of</strong> an ice-filled rock fracture, based on a Mohr-<br />
Coulomb assumption, <strong>with</strong> cohesive rock bridges, contact <strong>of</strong> rough fracture surfaces, ductile<br />
creep <strong>of</strong> ice and <strong>with</strong> a representation <strong>of</strong> rock-ice “failure” mechanisms. This model helps to<br />
understand destabilisation in space and time.<br />
Empirically, we conducted friction tests on homogeneous fine-grained limestones (Zugspitze,<br />
Germany). In a temperature-controlled shearing box, we repeatedly tested mechanical<br />
properties <strong>of</strong> sand-blasted surfaces between +5° and –7°C. To better define changes in fracture<br />
toughness we analysed P-wave velocities <strong>of</strong> 40 freezing rock samples from alpine/arctic<br />
permafrost sites, assuming that changes in P-wave velocity correspond to changes in Mode I<br />
fracture toughness (Chang 2001).<br />
Models and experiments imply that thawing-related changes in rock-mechanical properties<br />
may significantly influence early stages <strong>of</strong> the destabilisation <strong>of</strong> larger thawing permafrost<br />
rocks irrespective <strong>of</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong> ice in the system. Only after the deformation accelerates<br />
to a certain velocity level (where significant strain is applied to ice-filled discontinuities) icemechanical<br />
properties outbalance the importance <strong>of</strong> rock-mechanical components.<br />
A32 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
SESSION NO. 23, 11:00<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T6A. Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth<br />
Sciences and Geoheritage I (GSA International<br />
Section, GSA Geoscience Education Division)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 119<br />
23-1 11:05 Dewey, John F.<br />
GEO-EDUCATION IN OUR UNIVERSITIES: A GLOBAL COMPARISON AND SOME<br />
LOOKING PROBLEMS<br />
DEWEY, John F., University College, Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH United Kingdom,<br />
jfdewey@ucdavis.edu<br />
The principal function <strong>of</strong> a university is scholarship, to provide a superb education, at the<br />
cutting edge, for the best young minds by the best older minds. Research is a natural<br />
consequence <strong>of</strong> this process; research and teaching are inextricable, one feeds upon the<br />
other. Modern universities world-wide <strong>with</strong> a few notable exceptions, are losing sight <strong>of</strong> this<br />
fundamental mission. Funding agencies compound the problem by their increasingly pro-active<br />
role in research design favoring big programs rather than the support <strong>of</strong> a clever individual.<br />
These factors are a serious problem for “small subjects” like geology. Much field-based<br />
geology can be done individually and very cheaply but the all-important overhead may be<br />
negligible. Tenure and promotion depend upon grants and publications. Most serious fieldbased<br />
research takes tough physical and intellectual effort over many years. Hence, there<br />
is an understandable move to the laboratory and numerical modeling, for which the rewards<br />
are more immediate. Classic geology departments are regarded as non-viable by university<br />
administrators. Consequently, there has been a rash <strong>of</strong> excisions, fusions, and name changes<br />
(Earth Science sounds so much more scholarly than geology!), especially in the UK, where<br />
the rot was started, in the late 1980’s by a disastrous top-down review <strong>of</strong> geology departments.<br />
This has led to a situation in which few geology/earth sciences departments in the UK teach a<br />
thorough course in basic geology that prepares the student for a geological career in academe<br />
or industry. Petroleum and mining companies complain that their new intake has a poor<br />
knowledge <strong>of</strong> basic geology and have to be retrained. Geology has been hijacked, deformed,<br />
and incorporated as a minor, lip-service, component into Earth Science. We need new classic<br />
yet modern geology departments in which students are taught to map and to know their rocks,<br />
minerals, and fossils.<br />
The position in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland, and continental Europe is<br />
substantially better, where both classic geology and modern earth sciences are taught in<br />
harmony. In North <strong>America</strong>, the situation is much more complex because <strong>of</strong> its great size and<br />
diversity. In the great 4-year colleges undergraduate geological education is superb and their<br />
graduates are greatly sought after by the top graduate schools.<br />
23-2 11:35 McKeever, Patrick<br />
THE GLOBAL GEOPARKS NETWORK: CELEBRATING EARTH HERITAGE, SUSTAINING<br />
LOCAL COMMUNITIES<br />
MCKEEVER, Patrick, <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> N Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court,<br />
Belfast BT95BF Ireland, patrickgsni@yahoo.ie<br />
The Global Network <strong>of</strong> National Geoparks was founded in 2004, following the model<br />
successfully established by the European Geoparks Network in 2000. It now comprises 77<br />
members in 26 nations across the world. The aim <strong>of</strong> the Global Geoparks Network is to protect<br />
and conserve the geological heritage <strong>of</strong> our planet but to do so in way where local communities<br />
can take ownership <strong>of</strong> these special places and where they can get some sustainable<br />
economic benefit from them. While allowing for the sustainable economic development <strong>of</strong><br />
geoparks, the network actively promotes geoconservation and explicitly forbids the destruction<br />
or sale <strong>of</strong> the geological value <strong>of</strong> a geopark. Global Geoparks are linked to UNESCO which<br />
<strong>of</strong>fers it’s ad-hoc support upon requests from individual member states. This presentation<br />
outlines the ethos <strong>of</strong> the Global Geoparks Network and describes the typical activities <strong>of</strong><br />
geoparks and how the network functions.<br />
23-3 12:05 Manning, Cheryl L.B.<br />
ENSURING SCIENCE LITERACY: INTEGRATION OF THE GEOSCIENCES IN SECONDARY<br />
EDUCATION<br />
MANNING, Cheryl L.B., Evergreen High School, 29300 Buffalo Park Road, Evergreen, CO<br />
80439, cmanning@jeffco.k12.co.us<br />
Earth is an awesome place: this alone should inspire us to integrate the study <strong>of</strong> our planet<br />
into science curricula. Instead, the geosciences are <strong>of</strong>ten neglected, and students learn only<br />
about biology, chemistry, and physics. This is unfortunate because the geosciences <strong>of</strong>fer both a<br />
foundation and a context for physical, natural and social sciences.<br />
Geoscience education explains the importance <strong>of</strong> natural resources to civilizations,<br />
technology, and economies and examines the consequences <strong>of</strong> unequal distribution <strong>of</strong> these<br />
resources. In a geoscience course, students examine their misconceptions about global climate<br />
change. Geoscience education helps students make sense <strong>of</strong> natural disasters by studying<br />
why they occur, the issues <strong>of</strong> disaster prediction, and the importance <strong>of</strong> engineering and the<br />
role <strong>of</strong> economics in surviving disasters. Geoscience education teaches systems-thinking by<br />
examining the interconnections <strong>of</strong> the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere.<br />
Through this, students also develop a sense <strong>of</strong> the immensity <strong>of</strong> time and space.<br />
By integrating a rich geoscience curriculum in secondary educational settings, we will<br />
create a more scientifically literate populace capable <strong>of</strong> making better decisions about natural<br />
resources and disasters and more aware <strong>of</strong> natural interconnections, time, and space.<br />
Hopefully, these people will also appreciate the wonder <strong>of</strong> our planet.<br />
23-4 12:25 Hecht, Lutz<br />
PROMOTION OF MINERALOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL TOPICS IN SCHOOL EDUCATION<br />
HECHT, Lutz, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und<br />
Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43,<br />
Berlin D-10115 Germany, lutz.hecht@mfn-berlin.de<br />
Apart from geography the geosciences are not subjects <strong>of</strong> German school education. Even<br />
in geography or natural science classes geoscience topics are rare, and teachers are mostly<br />
poorly skilled in modern geosciences. Additional problems arise from school literature that<br />
is full <strong>of</strong> outdated or even wrong information. This generally leads to an under-education <strong>of</strong><br />
German scholars in geosciences, which is fatal regarding our current and future problems <strong>of</strong><br />
natural hazards, mineral resources (incl. water) and energy, for example.
One way <strong>of</strong> transporting geoscience knowledge into school education is the introduction <strong>of</strong><br />
special activities <strong>of</strong>fered by geoscientists from research institutes, science centres and natural<br />
history museums. There are many examples <strong>of</strong> successful projects in Germany comprising<br />
field trips, summer schools, school labs, mobile labs etc. The Natural History Museum <strong>of</strong> Berlin<br />
(MfN) <strong>of</strong>fers various projects at their school lab called “Carl Zeiss Microscopy Center”. Scholars<br />
have the opportunity to explore the world <strong>of</strong> rocks, minerals, meteorites, and ores using<br />
different microscopes and tool boxes that cover subjects on the complexity, genesis and use<br />
<strong>of</strong> these natural materials. The projects are completed <strong>with</strong> tours to labs and collections. The<br />
involvement <strong>of</strong> “real” scientists and the close cooperation between scientists and teachers take<br />
part in the success <strong>of</strong> these school projects at the MfN.<br />
However, the number <strong>of</strong> scholars that may take pr<strong>of</strong>it from all these <strong>of</strong>f-school projects is<br />
fairly limited. Another issue should be a direct promotion <strong>of</strong> mineralogical and geological topics<br />
in regular school education. There are numerous possibilities to implement mineralogical<br />
and/or geological topics in subjects like general science, geography, chemistry, physics, and<br />
biology. The commission on geoscience education <strong>of</strong> the German Mineralogical <strong>Society</strong> (DMG)<br />
is currently running a new project to promote mineralogical and geological topics in school<br />
education. Examples will be discussed and cooperation between geoscience organisations<br />
is encouraged.<br />
23-5 14:00 Macadam, John D.<br />
PUTTING FLESH ON THE STONES - BRINGING EARTH SCIENCE TO LIFE FOR THE<br />
PUBLIC<br />
MACADAM, John D., Earthwords, Little Kirland House, Bodmin PL30 5BJ United Kingdom,<br />
john@earthwords.co.uk<br />
Communicating Earth Science is not rocket science – but then most <strong>of</strong> the public are neither<br />
rocket scientists nor Earth scientists. So we have to use appropriate language, language<br />
that the public understands, if we wish to communicate our ideas – and yes, our passion – to<br />
the public. One <strong>of</strong> the targets <strong>of</strong> IYPE, the International Year <strong>of</strong> Planet Earth, was “Outreach,<br />
bringing Earth sciences to everyone”. But too <strong>of</strong>ten material allegedly for non-geologists<br />
is full <strong>of</strong> jargon: quite suitable for geologists, amateur geologists and geology students but<br />
quite indigestible for the public – ‘normal people’. Of course the danger is that in simplifying –<br />
“dumbing down” – we lose scientific integrity.<br />
Over the years some excellent schemes have made Earth science accessible to nongeologists.<br />
Examples include work at the geological reserve in Haute-Provence, and the<br />
geological garden, the Géodrome, beside the Paris-Orleans motorway. More recent schemes<br />
include both Shetlands and North-West Highlands Geoparks in Scotland, and Naturtejo<br />
Geopark in Portugal. And on a very small scale the excellent Green Sandstone Museum in<br />
Soest. These schemes appear to work for a wide target audience, <strong>of</strong>ten using quite subtle<br />
techniques to provide information at different levels for different people.<br />
When planning interpretation for the public we can probably do no better than follow<br />
James Hutton – “no vestige <strong>of</strong> a beginning, no prospect <strong>of</strong> an end” – when he wrote in the<br />
eighteenth century that he hoped his ideas “might afford the human mind <strong>with</strong> information and<br />
entertainment”.<br />
23-6 14:20 Goodell, Laurel P.<br />
BRINGING HOMETOWN RELEVANCE TO GEOSCIENCE COURSES AND OUTREACH<br />
ACTIVITIES<br />
GOODELL, Laurel P., Department <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ<br />
08544, laurel@princeton.edu<br />
Increasingly available on-line data can be effectively used to bring a “hometown touch” to<br />
geoscience courses and outreach activities. This is particularly valuable at the introductory<br />
level where it instantly engages students in course material, but is effective for the advanced<br />
student as well. For example, many people have never really thought about the topography <strong>of</strong><br />
their hometowns and are fascinated to examine topographic maps that cover the area in which<br />
they grew up. The theory <strong>of</strong> plate tectonics becomes real as they see GPS data tracking near<br />
real-time plate motions <strong>of</strong> where they live. Flood frequency analysis is suddenly relevant when<br />
analyzing discharge records <strong>of</strong> familiar rivers. This is a valuable perspective for the geoscientist<br />
and non-geoscientist alike.<br />
Applications <strong>of</strong> the hometown perspective include: 1) Hometown topography: obtain<br />
topographic maps <strong>of</strong> hometown areas and use them for basic map exercises. Maps can usually<br />
be inexpensively ordered from a variety <strong>of</strong> sources or printed from downloadable digital scans.<br />
2) Hometown stream projects (http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/intro/activities/25138.<br />
html): choose streams <strong>of</strong> personal interest, and download data in order to analyze annual<br />
discharge patterns and perform flood frequency analyses. 3) Hometown plate motions: track<br />
plate motions using high-precision GPS data from hometown regions (http://sideshow.jpl.<br />
nasa.gov/mbh/series.html). 4) Hometown seismic data: examine recent and historical patterns<br />
<strong>of</strong> seismicity in hometown areas (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ or http://pods.binghamton.<br />
edu/~ajones/) or analyze recent earthquakes using data from seismic stations in or near<br />
hometowns (http://rev.seis.sc.edu/ or http://www.seis.sc.edu/gee/about). 5) Hometown climate<br />
change: download temperature records from hometown areas and analyze changes over time<br />
(http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/station_data/).<br />
At Princeton and other institutions that draw participants from a wide geographic area,<br />
learners get the added benefit <strong>of</strong> being able to compare characteristics <strong>of</strong> each other’s<br />
hometowns, thereby increasing the range <strong>of</strong> the group’s geographic and geologic experience.<br />
And even if participants are from similar areas, instructors can draw upon contrasting examples<br />
from other regions.<br />
23-7 14:40 Wefer, Gerold<br />
“SCIENCE IN DIALOGUE”, CENTER OF COMPETENCE FOR THE COMMUNICATION OF<br />
SCIENCE IN GERMANY<br />
WEFER, Gerold, MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Bremen, Leobener Str, Bremen 28359 Germany, gwefer@marum.de<br />
“Science in Dialogue” (German: Wissenschaft im Dialog – WiD) was founded in 1999 by the<br />
leading German science organizations as an initiative <strong>of</strong> the Stifterverband (Association for<br />
Promotion) <strong>of</strong> German science. Endowment foundations joined in later as partners. Crucial<br />
support for Science in Dialog is provided by the Federal Ministry <strong>of</strong> Education and Research.<br />
In the past 10 years “WiD” has developed many new formats for communication, for example,<br />
the “Summer <strong>of</strong> Science”, a large science festival that takes place in a different city each<br />
year, organized in cooperation <strong>with</strong> the local colleges, research institutes, civic initiatives and<br />
companies.<br />
The <strong>of</strong>ferings include interactive exhibits, workshops, discussion forums and much more.<br />
The exhibition ship MS WISSENSCHAFT has been making cruises since 2002 <strong>with</strong> interactive<br />
exhibits on board. With a show thematically linked to the respective “Year <strong>of</strong> Science”, the<br />
floating Science Center visits about around 30 cities nationwide. Many new dialogue formats<br />
are presented annually at the Science Communication forum. WiD also forms networks<br />
and passes on its ideas and experience to the supporting organizations as well as other<br />
establishments.<br />
SESSION NO. 23<br />
23-8 14:55 Ongley, Lois<br />
SERVICE LEARNING: MOVING SCIENTIFIC WORK INTO THE “REAL WORLD”<br />
ONGLEY, Lois, Environmental Analysis Program, Unity College, 90 Quaker Hill Rd, Unity,<br />
ME 04988, longley@unity.edu and OLIN, Jennifer, Unity College, 90 Quaker Hill Rd, Unity,<br />
ME 04988<br />
Geoscientists are generally “in the news” in the event <strong>of</strong> a natural disaster. Many people rarely<br />
consider the importance <strong>of</strong> the environmental and earth sciences in daily life. Scientists must<br />
interact <strong>with</strong> non-scientists in ordinary circumstances to encourage an understanding <strong>of</strong> what<br />
scientists can and cannot do. Service-learning is a pedagogy that can be used to bring the<br />
significance <strong>of</strong> scientific understanding to both students and community members. Current<br />
students will eventually become community members, so the more students involved in<br />
service-learning investigations, the better.<br />
Unity College is a very small environmentally-focused undergraduate institution in rural<br />
Maine <strong>with</strong> a student population <strong>of</strong> less than 600. Unity College has always been a big<br />
proponent <strong>of</strong> experiential education. As wide variety <strong>of</strong> towns, schools, land trusts, pond<br />
associations and other groups approach Unity College <strong>with</strong> project ideas, service-learning was<br />
an obvious choice as a pedagogical technique. One example <strong>of</strong> such work follows.<br />
Over the past four years Environmental Analysis students have been working on arsenic in<br />
drinking water systems. Students have performed literature reviews, evaluated field techniques<br />
for analysis <strong>of</strong> arsenic in water and looked for diurnal variation in arsenic concentrations in a<br />
domestic water well. A community science experiment allowed community members to evaluate<br />
arsenic remediation technologies. The “clients” for this work include the citizens <strong>of</strong> Unity, ME<br />
and Boron, CA. This work has been sponsored and/or funded by Unity College, the Town <strong>of</strong><br />
Unity, the Unity Barn Raisers, Chemists Without Borders and the <strong>America</strong>n Chemical <strong>Society</strong> –<br />
Mojave Desert Section. Some <strong>of</strong> this work is applicable to global water quality problems.<br />
23-9 15:10 Lehmann, Rainer<br />
GEOSCIENCES WITHIN THE GERMAN IPY EDUCATION PROGRAM COOLE KLASSEN –<br />
COOL SCHOOL CLASSES<br />
LEHMANN, Rainer, FWS Hannover-Bothfeld, Weidkampshaide 17, Hannover 30659<br />
Germany, rainer.lehmann@gmx.net<br />
Coole Klassen (Cool classes) is the German IPY education project which was initiated in<br />
2006 to guarantee a straight transfer <strong>of</strong> new polar science questions, methods and results into<br />
school lessons. One main focus is on geosciences. It is a nationwide, multidisciplinary network<br />
<strong>of</strong> interested teachers <strong>of</strong> the school subjects geography, biology, physics, chemistry and social<br />
sciences. The teachers work as multipliers and realize different polar projects <strong>with</strong> students.<br />
They learn from one another on meetings, workshops and via website. A very important subproject<br />
is that teachers work <strong>with</strong> scientists on polar expeditions and take an active part in the<br />
field or on the ship, mostly Polarstern. During their journey they write blogs and accomplish<br />
telephone conferences <strong>with</strong> school classes. After that they bring their experiences into the<br />
classrooms and develop new teaching materials. They give talks on national and international<br />
conferences and share their experiences <strong>with</strong> colleagues. Some contests have been taken<br />
place. There are partnerships between schools in Germany and polar regions. The program is<br />
sustainable and goes on in the Polar Teachers Working Group which was founded 2008 in the<br />
German <strong>Society</strong> for Polar Research (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Polarforschung, DGP).<br />
23-10 15:45 Catena, Anne N.<br />
HORIZONTALLY AND VERTICALLY INTEGRATED PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT<br />
PROGRAMS FOR SCHOOLTEACHERS<br />
CATENA, Anne N., Program in Teacher Preparation, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ<br />
08544, acatena@princeton.edu, BROWNE, Kathleen M., Science Education and Literacy<br />
Center, Rider University, 2083 Lawrenceville Rd, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, and GOODELL,<br />
Laurel P., Department <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544<br />
Formal pr<strong>of</strong>essional development is integral and mandatory for most schoolteachers in the<br />
United States. Princeton and Rider Universities in New Jersey collaborate in <strong>of</strong>fering QUEST<br />
and CONNECT-ED, two programs that are research-based models <strong>of</strong> effective pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
development. Both are designed to enhance teachers’ knowledge <strong>of</strong> science and mathematics<br />
through hands-on experiments and/or fieldwork, to develop skills for teaching inquiry-based<br />
instruction, and to support teachers <strong>with</strong> ideas and lessons for classroom use. Participating<br />
teachers work in small groups and establish close ties to their colleagues and to the faculty.<br />
QUEST, administered by Princeton University’s Program in Teacher Preparation, <strong>of</strong>fers<br />
subject-specific summer workshops led by faculty who focus on content at an adult level.<br />
Faculty are assisted by “lead teachers” who help participants transform the content into inquirybased<br />
classrooms lessons. QUEST continues during the school year <strong>with</strong> follow-up activities.<br />
CONNECT-ED is administered by Rider University’s Teaching and Learning Center, and<br />
is a response to calls for improvement in the coherency <strong>of</strong> K-12 science and mathematics<br />
education. To emphasize the vertical connections between grade levels, CONNECT-ED <strong>of</strong>fers<br />
Big Idea Modules (BIMs) developed by teams comprised <strong>of</strong> three teachers (representing<br />
elementary, middle and high school levels), a district administrator and a consortium scientist.<br />
BIM workshops are presented to other K-12 teachers in a variety <strong>of</strong> settings. In a BIM<br />
workshop, participants explore how concepts from different grade levels build understanding<br />
<strong>of</strong> selected big ideas in math and science. BIMs provide a rich, integrated learning experience<br />
that 1) models effective inquiry-based instruction, 2) addresses prior learning and builds<br />
towards future learning, 3) facilitates deeper understanding <strong>of</strong> concepts and connections, and<br />
4) encourages reconsideration <strong>of</strong> teaching strategies and district curricula.<br />
Financial support comes from the lead universities, outside grants, and the school districts<br />
<strong>of</strong> participating teachers. This broad base and the stability provided by Princeton and Rider<br />
University administrative support, has sustained 25 years <strong>of</strong> effective pr<strong>of</strong>essional development<br />
for K-12 schoolteachers.<br />
23-11 16:00 Bookhagen, Britta<br />
GEOLAB © - EIN DIDAKTISCHER LEHRBEHELF FÜR DEN SCHULUNTERRICHT<br />
SUMMESBERGER, Herbert, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, Wien, 1010,<br />
Austria and BOOKHAGEN, Britta, Museumspädagogik, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien,<br />
Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria, britta.bookhagen@googlemail.com<br />
GEOLAB © ist ein gruppendynamischer Lehrerbehelf für den interaktiven Schulunterricht.<br />
GEOLAB © eignet sich besonders für den ersten Kontakt mit dem Reich der Steine. Testserien<br />
an Schulen und bei der Museumspädagogik haben ergeben, dass die SchülerInnen am besten<br />
in Gruppen zu dritt arbeiten. Je nach Klassengröße werden daher 5-10 Sätze GEOLAB ©<br />
benötigt. GEOLAB © enthält 20 Minerale, Gesteine und Fossilien, eine Lupe, einen Magnet und<br />
eine Strichtafel. Das Schülerbeiheft mit einer Bestimmungstafel enthält eine Anleitung für eine<br />
Reihe von Versuchen. Spielerisch lernen die Kinder und Jugendlichen Minerale, Gesteine und<br />
Fossilien kennen und bestimmen. 29 Fragen können mit Hilfe der erworbenen Erkenntnisse<br />
beantwortet werden. Durch die vorgegebene Einteilung werden die Schüler ohne besonderen<br />
Druck darauf hingeführt, eine Sammlung, und GEOLAB © ist eine kleine Sammlung, in Ordnung<br />
zu halten. GEOLAB © ist ein verbessertes und auf europäische Verhältnisse zugeschnittenes<br />
Produkt des Wiener Naturhistorischen Museums und der Österreichischen Geologischen<br />
Gesellschaft, angelehnt an das amerikanische Vorbild der Serie „Hands-on-Science“.<br />
GEOLAB © versucht, Schülerinnen und Schülern Gefühl und erste Kenntnisse von dem Teil<br />
unserer Umwelt zu vermitteln, der von der Ökologie gelegentlich vernachlässigt wird. Ein Team<br />
Munich, Germany A33<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 23<br />
des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien unter der Mithilfe von Fachpädagogen zeichnet für die<br />
qualitätvolle Ausstattung. Die Arbeitsleistung ist nicht in die Kostenrechnung eingeflossen.<br />
23-12 16:15 Koenig, Gabriele<br />
WELTWISSEN KOMPAKT - WIE VERMITTELN BOTSCHAFTER AUS DER TAETIGEN WELT<br />
IHR WISSEN AN KINDER<br />
KOENIG, Gabriele, Kinder-Akademie Fulda, Mehlerstrasse 4, Fulda 36043 Germany,<br />
koenig@kaf.de<br />
Die Kinder-Akademie Fulda, das älteste eigenständige Kindermuseum der Bundesrepublik<br />
Deutschland ist dafür bekannt, dass es die Workshops für Kinder und Jugendliche von so<br />
genannten „Botschaftern aus der tätigen Welt“ leiten lässt. Im Verlauf der zwanzigjährigen<br />
Geschichte dieser Einrichtungen haben Experten unterschiedlichster Fachrichtungen an<br />
diesem Ort gewirkt: Architekten, Physiker, Mathematiker, Chemiker, Juristen, Künstler,<br />
Schauspieler und auch Geologen. Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass Kinder und Jugendliche<br />
diesen Gelegenheiten mit großer Offenheit und Neugierde begegnen. Unvoreingenommen,<br />
wissensdurstig vor allem aber unglaublich motiviert sind sie gewillt die Welt angeleitet durch<br />
Botschafter aus der tätigen Welt zu entdecken, sich auf neue unbekannte Wissensgebiete<br />
einzulassen.<br />
An Beispielen aus 17 Jahren Sommerakademie wird über die Vorgehensweise und die<br />
Erfahrungen berichtet.<br />
23-13 16:30 Huch, Monika<br />
COMMUNICATING GEOSCIENCES<br />
HUCH, Monika, Lindenring 6, Adelheidsdorf, 29352, Germany, mfgeo@t-online.de and<br />
GEIßLER, Lutz<br />
More and more geoscientists are working in one or the other way communicating geosciences<br />
- as journalists, managers <strong>of</strong> national geoparks, by leading excursions for scholars and<br />
adults. Mainly they work and organize themselves individually, very <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>with</strong>out or <strong>with</strong> few<br />
knowledge how to do their work appropriately.<br />
After a first meeting at the GeoDarmstadt2010, <strong>with</strong> very good response, for GeoMunich2011<br />
a follow-up workshop was organized to collect experiences in communicating geosciences.<br />
Since the workshop will be held just shortly before this session results are open and will be<br />
presented thereafter.<br />
SESSION NO. 24, 11:00<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T9. Special Session in Honour <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>. Paul Schmidt-<br />
Thomé’s 100th Anniversary<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 017<br />
24-1 11:05 Schmidt-Thomé, Michael<br />
PROF. DR. PAUL SCHMIDT-THOME, 100.GEBURTSTAG<br />
SCHMIDT-THOMÉ, Michael, Lauenburger H<strong>of</strong> 3, Hannover 30625 Germany,<br />
m.schmidt-thome@gmx.de<br />
Paul Schmidt-Thomé wurde am 16. Juli 1911 in Köln geboren.<br />
1930 studierte er in Freiburg und später in Bonn Geologie. Er promovierte 1936 mit der<br />
Arbeit „Stratigraphie und Tektonik der Alpenrandzone zwischen Wertach und Pfronten im<br />
Allgäu“ bei Cloos und M. Richter.<br />
Auf Empfehlung von Brinkmann, bei dem er Assistent in Hamburg war, ging Schmidt-<br />
Thomé 1938 nach Spanien , um im Auftrag des reichseigenen Bergbau-Konzerns MONTANA<br />
rüstungsrelevante Mineralrohst<strong>of</strong>fe zu prospektieren.<br />
In Bilbao heiratete er 1939 Bertha Fessler, eine Münchnerin, die er während seiner<br />
beruflichen Tätigkeit in Hamburg kennengelernt hatte. Im Verlauf der Ehe wurden vier Söhne<br />
und eine Tochter geboren.<br />
1941 kehrte er nach Deutschland zurück und wurde Assistent bei Stille an der Humboldt-<br />
Universität in Berlin; am Reichsamt für Bodenforschung legte er die geologische Staatsprüfung<br />
ab. 1942 habilitierte er sich bei Stille mit der Arbeit „Paläozoisches Grundgebirge und junges<br />
Deckgebirge im westlichen Zentralspanien“. 1943 wurde er bis zum Kriegsende erneut zur<br />
MONTANA nach Spanien abgeordnet.<br />
1946 erhielt Schmidt-Thomé eine Anstellung am Bayerischen Geologischen Landesamt in<br />
München. 1953 wurde er Extraordinarius für Geologie an der TU München, 1954 Ordinarius<br />
des dort neu eingerichteten Geologischen Instituts. Vier Rufe an andere Lehrstühle nahm<br />
er nicht an, um sich dem Auf- und Ausbau seines Instituts zu widmen, das er bis zu seiner<br />
Emeritierung im Jahr 1977 leitete.<br />
Gutachterreisen mit den unterschiedlichsten Themen führten ihn in die Mittelmehrländer,<br />
nach Nord- und Westafrika, Nord- und Südamerika und Südost-Asien.<br />
Von seinen 85 Publikationen sind hervorzuheben „Tektonik“, Band II, Lehrbuch der<br />
Allgemeinen Geologie“(1972) und sein Spätwerk „Helgoland”, Sammlung Geologischer Führer<br />
82 (1987).<br />
1979 bekam Schmidt-Thomé von der DGG die Hans-Stille-Medaille verliehen.<br />
Verständnis, Menschlichkeit, Hilfsbereitschaft und Respekt vor den Mitmenschen zeichneten<br />
Schmidt-Thomé besonders aus und brachten ihm national und international allseitige<br />
Anerkennung ein.<br />
Abschließend ist noch besonders hervorzuheben, dass Paul Schmidt-Thomé dieses weite<br />
und kräftezehrende Arbeitsspektrum ohne die unermüdliche und selbstlose Unterstützung<br />
seiner Frau Bertha kaum hätte erreichen und erfüllen können; ihr gebührt an dieser Stelle ganz<br />
besonderer Dank.<br />
24-2 11:15 Jerz, Hermann<br />
PAUL SCHMIDT-THOMES QUARTAERGEOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNGEN IM ISARTAL<br />
JERZ, Hermann, Eichleite 3, Gruenwald 81925 Germany, hjerz@yahoo.de<br />
Sie umfassen einen weiten Bogen von südlich München bis in die Gegend von Mittenwald,<br />
vom Alpenvorland bis zur oberen Isar.<br />
P.Schmidt-Thomé hatte zeitlebens eine große Vorliebe für das Quartär -<br />
wie auch aus vielen Lehrveranstaltungen bekannt. Wichtige Erfahrungen hat er bereits in<br />
den 5Oer Jahren während seiner Tätigkeit am Bayerischen Geologischen Landesamt und in<br />
der ersten Jahren nach seiner Berufung an die Technische Hochschule München gesammelt,<br />
u.a. bei seinen Geländeaufnahmen im Isargletschergebiet für die Kartenblätter Königsdorf,<br />
Sachsenkam, Bad Tölz, Lenggries, Vorderriß. Sie bildeten die Grundlage für verschiedene<br />
einschlägige Veröffentlichungen und Gutachten:<br />
-- Geschichte des Isartales, beispielhaft die Untersuchungen an der oberen Isar für das<br />
Sylvenstein-Staubecken (1953),<br />
A34 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
-- zur Entstehung (Übertiefung) der Alpentäler und Gletscherbecken (1953),<br />
-- Beobachtungen an Karen, z.B.im Vorkarwendel (1953),<br />
-- Quartäre Krustenbewegungen im Isartalbereich (1955),<br />
-- Hangrutschungen im Isartal (197O),<br />
-- Alt- und Jungpleistozän im Bereich des Isargletschers (196O).<br />
24-3 11:30 Zacher, Wolfgang<br />
THE NORTHEASTERN MARGIN OF THE EASTERN ALPS: FACIES AND TECTONIC<br />
DEVELOPMENTS<br />
ZACHER, Wolfgang, Clermontstrasse 6, Gauting 82131 Germany, wo-zacher@t-online.de<br />
A complete geological remapping <strong>of</strong> the northwestern margin <strong>of</strong> the Eastern Alps has led,<br />
together <strong>with</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> deep drilling, to new results about facies and tectonic developments<br />
<strong>of</strong> Molasse, Helveticum, Ultrahelveticum, Rhenodanubian Flysch and Calcareous Alps. In<br />
the southern Subalpine Molasse compression began <strong>with</strong> a conjugate shear system which<br />
was rotated by consequent folding into its present position. The Subalpine Molasse was then<br />
unrooted from its Helvetic underground and thrust more than 30 km northwards. Oil drillings<br />
in the unfolded Molasse have revealed that the facies <strong>of</strong> the rocks <strong>of</strong> the Helvetic domain<br />
(Quinten fm, “Gault”) is shifting northwards in eastern direction. The Landshut – Neuötting<br />
high, a Half horst trending NW-SE parallel to the western rim <strong>of</strong>t the Moldanubian Massif ist<br />
terminating the Helvetic domain to the East. The Helvetic domain, which ist E <strong>of</strong> the Rhine<br />
valley the continuation <strong>of</strong> the Swiss Säntis thrust sheet, shows a distinct telescoping effect<br />
in eastern direction <strong>with</strong> a remarkable decrease in width. The Cretaceous and Tertiary <strong>of</strong><br />
the southernmost Helvetic was scraped <strong>of</strong>f its underground and dispersed as incoherent<br />
Liebenstein thrust sheet <strong>with</strong> numerous Klippes as far N as the southern Molasse margin. Also<br />
the ultrahelvetic Flysch sediments <strong>of</strong> the Feuerstätter thrust sheet have been unrooted from<br />
their underground by the thrust <strong>of</strong> the Penninic Rhenodanubian Flysch and the sedimentary<br />
basin fill was thrust over the Helvetic zone. The Penninic Rhenodanubian Flysch trough was<br />
situated originally at the northern flank <strong>of</strong> the Brianconnais terrane (HESSE). In Vorarlberg<br />
and Allgäu the RDF consists <strong>of</strong> three thrust sheets, the two southern were thrust northwards<br />
out <strong>of</strong> sequence over the deeper Üntschen thrust sheet and the whole Helvetic zone. In a<br />
palinspastic section through the Northern Calcareous Alps the sedimentary history is shown<br />
and the later tectonic deformation into several thrust sheets is demonstrated, using the age <strong>of</strong><br />
the Cretaceous clastic sediments to dating the different tectonic thrusting phases.<br />
24-4 11:45 Sigl, Walter<br />
EISZEIT IM ROSENHEIMER LAND<br />
SIGL, Walter, Kohlröschenstr. 34, München 80995 Germany, dr.sigl@t-online.de<br />
Vor 20.000 Jahren, am Höhepunkt der letzten Eiszeit, lag das Rosenheimer Land unter<br />
haushohen Eismassen begraben. Die Zungen von Inn- und Chiemseegletscher hatten sich weit<br />
ins Alpenvorland hinein ausgebreitet.<br />
Dieser Film führt zurück in diese Zeit und verfolgt anhand von Realaufnahmen der<br />
Rosenheimer Landschaft und mit unterstützenden Computer-Animationen, wie die Eismassen<br />
nach und nach abschmolzen und die Landschaft freigaben, deren Formen sie wesentlich<br />
mitgestaltet hatten.<br />
24-5 12:00 Nickmann, Marion<br />
THE GEOLOGY OF THE SPITZINGSEE AREA – AN EXAMPLE FOR THE CONNECTION OF<br />
STRATIGRAPHY, TECTONICS AND ASPECTS OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY<br />
NICKMANN, Marion and THURO, Kurosch, Engineering Geology, Technische Universität<br />
München, Arcisstr. 21, München, 80333, Germany, nickmann@tum.de<br />
The area around the Lake Spitzing and the village <strong>of</strong> “Spitzingsee” (Oberbayern) is not only a<br />
popular region for hiking and skiing in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> Munich, but also gives excellent insights<br />
into the geological structure <strong>of</strong> the Bavarian Alps. Hardly in another area is the combination <strong>of</strong><br />
geological structure, utilization <strong>of</strong> surface, touristic development and slope instabilities more<br />
evident than here.<br />
The Spitzingsee area is situated <strong>with</strong>in the “Bavarian Synklinorium”, a double syncline<br />
system <strong>of</strong> the Lechtal nape, limited by wide dolomite zones in the north and the south. Caused<br />
by the folding <strong>of</strong> the sedimentary rocks the stratigraphy from Triassic to the lower Cretaceous<br />
is obvious in different facies types. The geological construction is connected closely <strong>with</strong> the<br />
relief, the vegetation and the utilization <strong>of</strong> man: Limestone and dolomite stick out as jagged,<br />
bare rocks and peaks and show the tectonic structure in an excellent way. In contrast on the<br />
s<strong>of</strong>t, weatherable marlstones develop fruitful, but very wet meadows <strong>of</strong>ten used as pastures<br />
and being suitable for touristic development by building hiking trails and skiing courses.<br />
With regard to the tectonic structure the Spitzingsee area is a key for the interpretation<br />
<strong>of</strong> folded mountain belts. Actual field mapping showed that the folded areas are not only<br />
dominated by overthrusting and diagonal faults. Also fractures vertical to the folding axis (so<br />
called A/C faults) are more important as up to now estimated appearing as numerous cross<br />
cutting N-S faults. Their development corresponds <strong>with</strong> changes <strong>of</strong> facies in the Kössen<br />
Formation and can be explained <strong>with</strong> the different deformation <strong>of</strong> bedded series rich <strong>of</strong><br />
marlstones on the one hand and massive limestones on the other hand.<br />
Typical for the alpine area are different types <strong>of</strong> slope instabilities as a result <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Pleistocene oversteepening <strong>of</strong> slopes. In unfavorable dipping conditions for example, the<br />
calcareous beds drift downslope on top <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t, weathered marl layers. Weathering processes<br />
continuously accumulate loose material, which may be transported down the slope in<br />
discrete events. Actual examples are the debris flow near the “Grundalm” and the “Krottenthal<br />
landslide”, a debris flow which caused wide attention in 1996.<br />
24-6 12:15 Schmidt-Thomé, Robert<br />
BEWERTUNG VON ELEMENTARRISIKEN IN DER VERSICHERUNGSWIRTSCHAFT<br />
SCHMIDT-THOMÉ, Robert, Risk Management, Versicherungskammer Bayern, München<br />
80530 Germany, robert.schmidt-thome@vkb.de<br />
Versicherungen gegen Elementargefahren wie Sturm und Hagel, regional auch<br />
Überschwemmung, gibt es bereits seit Jahren auf dem Versicherungsmarkt. Erst seit jüngerer<br />
Zeit wird die „Erweiterte Elementarschadendeckung“ angeboten. Darunter versteht man eine<br />
Versicherung gegen Naturkatastrophen wie Überschwemmung, Sturzflut, Lawinen, Erdrutsch,<br />
Erdfall, Erdbeben und Vulkanausbrüche.<br />
Naturkatastrophen haben häufig Kumulschäden zur Folge. Um Kumulschadenrisiken<br />
abzuschätzen, wird die Entwicklungstendenz von Naturkatastrophen daher auch unter<br />
Aspekten der Klimaentwicklung beobachtet. Fraglich bleibt, ob die beobachtbare Zunahme von<br />
Schäden, insbesondere von versicherten Schäden, als Folgen des Klimawandels anzusehen<br />
sind oder ob dies eher einer stetig wachsenden Risikoexposition und/oder einer höheren<br />
Versicherungsdichte geschuldet ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind Versicherer an einer breiten<br />
Risikostreuung interessiert. Um zusätzlich ein möglichst großes Risikokollektiv zu generieren,<br />
werden Elementarrisiken üblicherweise nur gebündelt versichert.<br />
Zur Bewertung von Elementarrisiken dienen Geoinformationssysteme. Für den Raum<br />
Deutschland wurde das Zonierungssystem für Überschwemmung, Rückstau und Starkregen<br />
entwickelt. ZÜRS weist Ausuferungszonen für Hochwasser aufsteigender statistischer<br />
Wiederkehrperioden aus. Dabei werden vier Gefährdungsklassen unterschieden, entsprechend
den Wiederkehrperioden einmal in 10 Jahren, einmal in 10 –50 Jahren, einmal in 50 – 200<br />
Jahren und seltener als 200 Jahre.<br />
Zur Kategorisierung der Sturm- und Erdbebenexposition dienen die Karten der einschlägigen<br />
DIN-Regelwerke. Georisikozonen für Erdrutsch und Erdfall werden auf Basis von Informationen<br />
der Geologischen Landesämter bzw. Landesämter für Umwelt ermittelt.<br />
Zur Risikoexposition von Gewerbe- und Industriebetrieben kann ein Geoinformationssystem<br />
allerdings nur allgemeine Informationen liefern. Komplexe Risiken dieser Art erfordern<br />
regelmäßig individuelle Bewertungen auf Basis von Orts- und Betriebsbesichtigungen. Dabei<br />
geht es nicht nur um Gebäude, sondern um Schäden an Inventar, Vorräten und Produkten, ggf.<br />
sind sogar Folgeschäden wie Produktions- und Lieferausfälle abzusichern.<br />
24-7 12:30 Schmidt-Thomé, Philipp<br />
NATURAL HAZARDS AND CLIMATE (CHANGE) ADAPTATION - EXAMPLES OF<br />
INTERDISCIPLINARY GEOSCIENCE - DECISION MAKER COOPERATION<br />
SCHMIDT-THOMÉ, Philipp, <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Finland, Betonimiehenkuja 4,<br />
Espoo 02150 Finland, philipp.schmidt-thome@gtk.fi<br />
The rising costs caused by natural hazards are <strong>of</strong>ten attributed to climate change impacts.<br />
Meanwhile it is currently not possible to prove climate change impacts as the cause for rising<br />
costs it is a fact that most <strong>of</strong> the increasing damages can be attributed to inappropriate landuse.<br />
The correct communication <strong>of</strong> climate change scenarios and their uncertainties are most<br />
crucial for later application <strong>of</strong> adaptation measures in decision making processes.<br />
Projects related to natural hazards, climate change and regional development conducted<br />
under the European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON) have supported the<br />
development <strong>of</strong> hazard and climate change oriented policy recommendations1; 2 . Regional<br />
Development projects in the Baltic Sea Region have been more concrete in stakeholder<br />
communication and have led to concrete decision making3; 4; 5 .<br />
The scenarios developed under these projects comprise, among others, sea level rise<br />
and changing flood prone areas, salinization <strong>of</strong> aquifers and drought impacts, all <strong>of</strong> which<br />
were analyzed in interdisciplinary cooperation. Examples <strong>of</strong> successful results comprise the<br />
mentioning <strong>of</strong> these projects in international documents (e.g. the Territorial Agenda <strong>of</strong> the<br />
European Union; the EU Green paper on climate change adaptation, 4th IPCC report). Several<br />
cities and municipalities have cooperated in the development <strong>of</strong> participatory process design for<br />
the development <strong>of</strong> adaptation measures. The mentioned projects have contributed to concrete<br />
decisions and actions to adapt to potential impacts <strong>of</strong> natural hazards and climate change.<br />
1Natural and technological hazards affecting the spatial development in Europe (http://www.<br />
gtk.fi/projects/espon)<br />
2Climate change and territorial effects on regions and local economies (www.espon-climate.<br />
eu)<br />
3Sea Level Change Affecting the Spatial Development <strong>of</strong> the Baltic Sea Region (http://www.<br />
gtk.fi/slr)<br />
4Developing Policies and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Region<br />
(http://www.astra-project.org)<br />
5Climate Change: Impacts, Costs and Adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region (http://www.<br />
baltcica.org)<br />
24-8 14:00 Schlager, Wolfgang<br />
HOW DEEP WERE THE HALLSTATT BASINS OF THE NORTHERN CALCAREOUS ALPS?<br />
SCHLAGER, Wolfgang, Earth & Life Sciences, Vrije Univ. Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085,<br />
Amsterdam, 1081HV, Netherlands, w.schlager@vu.nl, KRYSTYN, Leopold, Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Palaeontology, University <strong>of</strong> Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria, and KENTER, Jeroen A.M.,<br />
Chevron Energy Technology Company, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Rd, San Ramon, CA<br />
94583-232<br />
The Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) are the cradle <strong>of</strong> important stratigraphic and<br />
sedimentologic concepts but the intensive deformation <strong>of</strong> the allochthon frequently hampers<br />
reconstruction <strong>of</strong> depositional settings. The bathymetry <strong>of</strong> the Middle and Late Triassic Hallstatt<br />
Basins is a case in point. Since the 1960’s, two contrasting models have been applied. The<br />
deep-basin model assumes uniform subsidence between carbonate platforms and basins such<br />
that water depth is about equal to the difference in thickness between basins and platforms,<br />
i.e. 800 m or more. In the shallow-basin model, water depth is 200 m or less because the basin<br />
floor is assumed to have risen relative to the platforms, probably driven by salt-tectonics.<br />
The shallow-basin model is supported by well-preserved transitions between outer platform<br />
and marginal basin sediments. Middle-Triassic examples draw additional support from the fact<br />
that the thickness variation <strong>of</strong> the overlying Raibl Formation (Carnian) that levels the platformbasin<br />
relief, is much less than predicted by the deep-basin model. Support for the deep-basin<br />
model is provided by the analogy <strong>with</strong> the well-preserved Middle-Triassic platforms <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Dolomites in the Southern Alps and the Permian Capitan platform in the USA, both exhibiting<br />
800-meter high slopes and minimal differential movement between platform and basin.<br />
Recently, steep and over 600 m high clin<strong>of</strong>orms <strong>of</strong> Dachstein Limestone have been discovered<br />
at the Gosaukamm in the NCA. This shows that parts <strong>of</strong> the Hallstatt Basins were deep but<br />
does not exclude the possibility <strong>of</strong> a rise <strong>of</strong> the basin floor relative to the platforms. Slope<br />
bedding in the Dolomites and at Gosaukamm is mainly planar and close to the angle <strong>of</strong> repose<br />
<strong>of</strong> non-cohesive material. This geometry indicates that the platforms exported mainly sand and<br />
rubble <strong>with</strong> very little mud – in stark contrast to the mud-rich modern platforms <strong>of</strong> the Bahamas<br />
and the Caribbean. The steep slopes might serve as recorders <strong>of</strong> water stratification in the<br />
Hallstatt Basins using chemistry <strong>of</strong> marine carbonate cements and biota.<br />
24-9 14:30 Ortner, Hugo<br />
THRUSTING AND SEDIMENTATION: A MODEL FROM THE NORTHERN CALCAREOUS<br />
ALPS (NCA)<br />
ORTNER, Hugo, Geology and Paleontology, University <strong>of</strong> Innsbruck, Innrain 52,<br />
Innsbruck 6020 Austria, hugo.ortner@uibk.ac.at<br />
A ramp-flat model can be used to describe thrusting and coeval sedimentation in a deep<br />
marine environment: As the frontal part <strong>of</strong> a nappe climbs up a ramp, water depth above the<br />
area <strong>of</strong> structural thickening decreases. Isolated carbonate platforms or shortlived carbonate<br />
buildups develop on the evolving structure, shedding biogenic detritus into the surrounding<br />
areas. Further growth will uplift the nappe above the ramp and upper footwall flat above sea<br />
level. The nappe covers the upper footwall flat and ends deposition there. The synorogenic<br />
sedimentary successions <strong>of</strong> the western NCA can be compared to specific positions in such<br />
a model:<br />
Upper Footwall sedimentation: On the upper footwall flat below the thrusted units,<br />
conformable onset <strong>of</strong> synorogenic sedimentation records distant onset <strong>of</strong> contraction related to<br />
orogeny, and deposition <strong>of</strong> shallow water biogenic detritus shows the approaching nappe. The<br />
youngest sediments below the thrust record the local maximum age <strong>of</strong> thrusting. This situation<br />
is comparable to Aptian-Albian synorogenic sedimentation <strong>of</strong> the Tannheim and Losenstein<br />
Fms. on top <strong>of</strong> the Allgäu thrust sheet, which are overlain by the Lechtal thrust sheet, and to<br />
Albian-Cenomanian synorogenic sedimentation <strong>of</strong> the Lech Fm. on top <strong>of</strong> the southern Lechtal<br />
thrust sheet, which is overlain by the Inntal thrust sheet. The uppermost Lech Fm. locally<br />
contains shallow water detritus (“Urgonian”) transported by gravity flows and thereby records<br />
the destruction <strong>of</strong> carbonate buildups at the flanks <strong>of</strong> the approaching Inntal thrust sheet.<br />
SESSION NO. 24<br />
Thrust-sheet-top sedimentation: On top <strong>of</strong> the thrust unit, unconformable transgression <strong>of</strong><br />
terrestric sediments on deeply eroded older rocks records exhumation. Growth geometries in<br />
thrust-sheet-top deposits record internal shortening <strong>of</strong> the thrust sheet after emplacement. The<br />
Branderfleck Fm. on top <strong>of</strong> the northern Lechtal nappe and <strong>of</strong> the Gosau Group on top <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Inntal nappe are found in this structural position. Undisturbed synorogenic sedimentation will<br />
continue beyond the areas <strong>of</strong> active structural growth.<br />
A problem remains subsidence during shortening <strong>of</strong> the NCA. In the Cretaceous, the NCA<br />
were a foreland fold-and-thrust belt <strong>with</strong> respect to the closure <strong>of</strong> the Meliata ocean, but also in<br />
the hanging wall <strong>of</strong> the ?retreating Penninic subduction that caused subsidence.<br />
24-10 14:45 Niemeyer, Adelbert<br />
NEW OBSERVATIONS ON GEOMORPHOLOGY AND LOESS SEDIMENTS IN THE<br />
BAVARIAN MOLASSE BASIN – THE TERTIARY HILLS BETWEEN LANDSHUT AND<br />
REGENSBURG<br />
HOFFMANN, Markus1 , NIEMEYER, Adelbert2 , and FRIEDRICH, Anke M. 1 , (1) Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich,<br />
80333, Germany, (2) Erlus AG, Hauptstraße 106, Neufahrn / NB, 84088, Germany,<br />
Adelbert.Niemeyer@erlus.com<br />
For more than 50 years numerous geologists have worked on the observation and<br />
interpretation <strong>of</strong> the youngest part <strong>of</strong> Tertiary Hills in the Bavarian Molasse basin. This part<br />
is mostly covered <strong>with</strong> Pleistocene loess and loess loam. A widely accepted standard model<br />
explaining the shape <strong>of</strong> the landscape represents the results <strong>of</strong> this work. This landscape<br />
is dominated by NW-SE striking asymmetric hills and valleys. The model, based on climatic<br />
processes and particular on the aeolian loess deposition, can explain these hills. But an<br />
alternative mechanism to produce these structures is also possible, namely active faulting.<br />
In this study, we present new observations from field mapping, DEM analyses, resistivity<br />
tomography pr<strong>of</strong>iles and coring to underline this hypothesis. Observations are:<br />
(a) Individual Tertiary hills extend over a length scale from 0.5 to > 6 km, dominantly striking<br />
NW-SE and show steep slopes (6 to 24°) on their WSW flanks. The thickest loess deposits<br />
<strong>of</strong> up to 20 m are adjacent to these windward SW slopes. The NE slope is usually flatter and<br />
wider <strong>with</strong> only a thin loess cover <strong>of</strong> up to 4 m. The described hills are separated by narrow<br />
valleys (50 to 150 m wide). On the valley floor pediment wedges and fluvial deposits are <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
lacking. (b) Small rivers in some <strong>of</strong> the valleys exhibit sharp left-stepping bends <strong>with</strong> most<br />
prominent examples near the village <strong>of</strong> Neufahrn/NB. (c) Several linear, NW-SE striking, 2 to<br />
9 m high morphologic steps <strong>with</strong> a length <strong>of</strong> 0.5 to >10 km are observed 10 km south <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Danube river. (d) Further a Quarry log close to the Danube river flood plain near Schafhöfen<br />
reveal disturbed layers <strong>of</strong> Pleistocene fluvial sediments containing <strong>of</strong>fset sand lenses and s<strong>of</strong>t<br />
sediment deformation features.<br />
These observations can challenge the classic interpretation <strong>of</strong> aeolian deposition as the<br />
dominant process forming the Tertiary hills. Instead we suggest that tectonic activity during the<br />
Quaternary may have contributed to the geomorphology <strong>of</strong> this region.<br />
24-11 15:20 Sarnthein, Michael<br />
PEAK GLACIAL C-14 VENTILATION AGES SUGGEST MAJOR DRAW-DOWN OF CARBON<br />
INTO THE ABYSSAL OCEAN<br />
SARNTHEIN, Michael1 , SCHNEIDER, Birgit1 , and GROOTES, Pieter M. 2 , (1) Institut<br />
für Geowissenschaften, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, D 24098, Germany,<br />
ms@gpi.uni-kiel.de, (2) Leibniz Laboratory, Universität Kiel, Kiel, D 24098, Germany<br />
Ice core records <strong>of</strong> the past 800,000 years have clearly demonstrated glacial-interglacial<br />
atmospheric CO variations on the order <strong>of</strong> 100 ppm. During the last deglaciation, an estimate<br />
2<br />
<strong>of</strong> about 700 GtC is required to effect the rise in atmospheric CO together <strong>with</strong> land carbon<br />
2<br />
uptake, when the terrestrial biosphere was recovering from glacial conditions. The origin <strong>of</strong><br />
this carbon is usually attributed to oceanic carbon release, although the detailed mechanisms<br />
remained elusive, since an adequately old and carbon rich deep ocean reservoir seemed<br />
unlikely. Here we present evidence for changes in the deep-ocean carbon reservoir from a<br />
new ocean-wide, though still fragmentary 14C data set showing that during the Last Glacial<br />
Maximum (LGM) and parts <strong>of</strong> Heinrich stadial 1 (HS-1) the maximum 14C age difference<br />
between ocean deep waters and the atmosphere exceeded the modern values by ~1000 to<br />
1500 14C yr, in the extreme by up to 4500 yr. In the modern ocean the apparent 14C ventilation<br />
age <strong>of</strong> water masses below 2000 m water depth appears directly linked to the concentr ation<br />
<strong>of</strong> dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater, <strong>with</strong> an aging by ~400 yrs corresponding to a<br />
rise <strong>of</strong> ~60 µmol/kg DIC. This link is summarizing various independent effects <strong>of</strong> carbon supply,<br />
the ’solubility pump’ that includes the gradual aging <strong>of</strong> deep waters and the ’biological pump’<br />
that integrates plankton productivity, the local flux <strong>of</strong> organic carbon, and calcium carbonate<br />
dissolution. Applying the modern 14C-DIC relationship to the prolonged apparent residence time<br />
<strong>of</strong> LGM deep waters suggests that the deep ocean then was indeed able to absorb and store<br />
about 750 Gt DIC in addition to the modern carbon inventory.<br />
24-12 15:50 von Rad, Ulrich<br />
ANNUAL TO MILLENNIAL MONSOONAL VARIABILITY DURING THE PAST 75,000 YEARS<br />
RECORDED IN ARABIAN SEA SEDIMENTS: A REVIEW<br />
VON RAD, Ulrich, Bundesanstalt f. Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe (retired), Stilleweg 2,<br />
Hannover, 30655, Germany, u.vonrad@web.de and LÜCKGE, Andreas, Bundesanstalt f.<br />
Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe, Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany<br />
The Arabian Sea is a key area for addressing questions about the annual to millennial<br />
variability <strong>of</strong> the Indian monsoon. During the Late Holocene laminated (varved) sediments<br />
were deposited in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) <strong>of</strong>f Pakistan which can be correlated in<br />
all our cores and allow ultra-high-resolution paleoclimate studies. Varve counting, checked<br />
by AMS-14C dating, detailed lith<strong>of</strong>acies analysis, X-ray fluorescence scanning, flux rates from<br />
sediment traps, and the lamina-by-lamina-analysis <strong>of</strong> a five-year record (1993-1998) support<br />
our interpretation <strong>of</strong> the annual character <strong>of</strong> the varves.<br />
We used a high-resolution laminated sediment record from the OMZ <strong>of</strong>f Pakistan to<br />
investigate the Late Holocene climatic change in great detail. Independant proxies ( varve<br />
thickness, inorganic geochemical composition, alkenone-derived sea surface temperatures<br />
and oxygen isotopes <strong>of</strong> planktic foraminifera) reflect the monsoon-driven ”moisture history“<br />
in the northeastern Arabian Sea during the past 5000 years. Maximum precipitation during<br />
the enhanced NE monsoon around 3100-3200 y BP was followed by an onset <strong>of</strong> a gradual<br />
aridification around 3000 yrs BP which continued until about 2000 to 2200 y BP.<br />
Millennial changes <strong>of</strong> monsoonal intensity are also recorded in the Late Pleistocene<br />
sediments: Short-term “warm” interstadials (“Dansgard-Oeschger events”) alternate <strong>with</strong> cool<br />
stadials (“Heinrich events”) that can be correlated (by the Toba ashfall) <strong>with</strong> the same events in<br />
the ice cores from Greenland, and <strong>with</strong> many high-resolution climate records from subtropical<br />
northern hemisphere areas. Apparently, these synchronous teleconnections between the<br />
subtropical Indian Ocean and the high-latitude North Atlantic Ocean. are forced by the highfrequency<br />
varability <strong>of</strong> the atmospheric monsoon circulation.<br />
Munich, Germany A35<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 24<br />
24-13 16:20 Hesse, Reinhard<br />
LITHOLOGIC CHANGES IN LABRADOR SEA HEINRICH LAYERS AS A FUNCTION OF<br />
DISTANCE FROM THEIR HUDSON STRAIT ICE-STREAM SOURCE<br />
HESSE, Reinhard, Earth and Planetrary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University St,<br />
Montreal, QC H3G 1A9 Canada, Reinhard.Hesse@mcgill.ca<br />
During Late Pleistocene Heinrich events distinct, decimetre to centimetre thick layers <strong>of</strong> icerafted<br />
debris (IRD) were deposited in North Atlantic that are characterized by high detrital<br />
carbonate concentration, low foraminifera content, a high percentage <strong>of</strong> Neogloboquadrina<br />
pachyderma (sinistral) among the planktonic foraminifera, high magnetic susceptibility and high<br />
grey colour values. In the Labrador Sea, Heinrich layers (H-layers) reach meter thickness in<br />
some proximal core sites near the iceberg source <strong>of</strong>f the Hudson Strait ice stream (HSIS) and<br />
show low magnetic susceptibility and low grey levels on the colour scale. The great thickness<br />
<strong>of</strong> ice-proximal Labrador Sea H-layers is due to the supply <strong>of</strong> vast amounts <strong>of</strong> terrigenous<br />
sediments eroded from the country rocks underlying the north-eastern sector <strong>of</strong> the Laurentide<br />
Ice Sheet (LIS) and transported to the deep-sea by processes much more efficient than ice<br />
rafting involving sediment l<strong>of</strong>ting and low-density turbidity currents. Four distinct depositional<br />
facies termed Heinrich layers type I to IV have been differentiated: Type I H-layers occur <strong>with</strong>in<br />
300 km from the presumed HSIS terminus and consist <strong>of</strong> stacked thin layers <strong>of</strong> graded muds<br />
containing IRD. The graded muds spiked <strong>with</strong> IRD resulted from the deposition <strong>of</strong> fine-grained<br />
l<strong>of</strong>ted sediment that collected dropstones and –grains under the iceberg drift route. Sediment<br />
l<strong>of</strong>ting occurs when fresh-water generated turbidity currents rise buoyantly to the surface after<br />
having lost sediment by deposition. Type II and III H-layers on the levees <strong>of</strong> the Northwest<br />
Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel (NAMOC) and its tributary canyons occur at greater distance from<br />
the Hudson Strait outlet on the slope and rise south <strong>of</strong> the strait . They consist <strong>of</strong> alternations <strong>of</strong><br />
thin mud turbidites <strong>with</strong> intercalated laminae or layers <strong>of</strong> IRD, respectively. Type IV is made up<br />
<strong>of</strong> bioturbated hemipelagic muds <strong>with</strong> coarser IRD and occurs in regions between canyons not<br />
reached by spill-over turbidity currents and in the distal open ocean or on seamounts. Isopach<br />
maps for H-layers 1-3 give hints on the drift routes <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>of</strong>ted suspended sediment during its<br />
ascent to the surface and on iceberg drift directions in the Labrador Sea.<br />
SESSION NO. 25, 08:30<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T1D. The Mantle in 4-D: Links between Global Plate<br />
Reconstructions and Mantle Tomography (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
25-1 BTH 1 Shephard, Grace E.<br />
TESTING ABSOLUTE PLATE REFERENCE FRAMES AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE<br />
GENERATION OF GEODYNAMIC MANTLE HETEROGENEITY STRUCTURE<br />
SHEPHARD, Grace E. 1 , BUNGE, Hans-Peter2 , SCHUBERTH, Bernhard S.A. 3 , and<br />
MÜLLER, Dietmar1 , (1) School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09,<br />
Sydney, 2006, Australia, grace.shephard@sydney.edu.au, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth<br />
and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany,<br />
(3) GéoAzur, Université de Nice, Valbonne, France<br />
Absolute reference frames are a means <strong>of</strong> describing the motion <strong>of</strong> plates on the surface <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Earth over time, relative to a fixed point or “frame.” Multiple models have been proposed for the<br />
Cretaceous-Tertiary period, however, estimating the robustness and limitations <strong>of</strong> each model<br />
remains a significant limitation for refining both regional and global models <strong>of</strong> plate motion<br />
as well as fully integrated and time dependent geodynamic models. Here, we use a novel<br />
approach to compare five models <strong>of</strong> absolute plate motion in terms <strong>of</strong> their consequences<br />
for forward modelled deep mantle structure since at least 140 Ma. We show that the use <strong>of</strong><br />
hotspots, either fixed or moving, or palaeomagnetics, <strong>with</strong> or <strong>with</strong>out corrections for true-polar<br />
wander, leads to significant differences in palaeo-plate velocities and palaeo-plate boundaries.<br />
We present a global comparison <strong>of</strong> the absolute reference frames in terms <strong>of</strong> mantle structure,<br />
which we have filtered for comparison to seismic tomography. At very long wavelengths<br />
hotspot models best reproduce the mantle structure. However, when geometry and the match<br />
<strong>of</strong> smaller-scale subducted slab volumes are compared, a hybrid model based on moving<br />
hotspots after 100 Ma and palaeomagnetic data before (<strong>with</strong> no corrections for true-polar<br />
wander), best reproduces the overall mantle structure <strong>of</strong> slab burial grounds, even though no<br />
single model fits best at all mantle depths.<br />
25-2 BTH 2 Talsma, Aedon S.<br />
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SUBDUCTION HISTORY USING GLOBAL PLATE<br />
KINEMATIC MODELS<br />
TALSMA, Aedon S., HEINE, Christian, QUEVEDO, Leonardo, and MÜLLER, R. Dietmar,<br />
School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09, Sydney, 2006, Australia,<br />
aedon.talsma@sydney.edu.au<br />
Subduction <strong>of</strong> oceanic lithosphere is a main component <strong>of</strong> Earth’s mantle convection. The<br />
convergence rates and volumes <strong>of</strong> subducted oceanic lithosphere along subduction zones<br />
determine the amount <strong>of</strong> downwelling material entering the mantle and exert a primary control<br />
on the mantle-convection-induced surface deflection known as dynamic topography.<br />
Current approaches used to predict dynamic topography rely on either forward kinematic<br />
models based on the subduction history, or inverse tomographic approaches to model<br />
the mantle structure. Both these approaches require reasonable boundary conditions (i.e.<br />
plate kinematic models for forward approaches, reliable tomographic models for the inverse<br />
approach) in order to accurately model dynamic topography though time. However, anomalous<br />
plate velocities and plate motion directions caused by incorrect plate models or wrongly<br />
calculated plate crossovers for example, can lead to significant inconsistencies in kinematic<br />
models, leading to large errors.<br />
We present a novel workflow to calculate time integrated subducted volumes from<br />
lithospheric thickness and plate velocity arguments. Implicit in this workflow is a way to detect<br />
anomalous velocities and plate motion directions. Subducted volumes are time dependent,<br />
allowing the history <strong>of</strong> volumetric subduction to be easily assessed at first order <strong>with</strong>out the<br />
need <strong>of</strong> high performance computing. This relatively simple workflow allows quick quality<br />
control on plate kinematic models and allows dynamic topography amplitudes and timescales<br />
to be further investigated. We use this workflow to analyze subducted volumes both globally<br />
and at key regionally significant subduction zones in the Tethys, the Pacific and along the<br />
South <strong>America</strong>n margin.<br />
A36 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
25-3 BTH 3 Yeo, Logan L.G.<br />
ESTIMATING VERTICAL SURFACE MOTIONS THROUGH TIME USING<br />
PALEOGEOGRAPHIES<br />
YEO, Logan L.G., School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Building F09,<br />
Room 412, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, lune.yeo@sydney.edu.au, HEINE, Christian,<br />
Sydney, 2006, Australia, and MÜLLER, Dietmar, School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Sydney, Madsen Blg F09, Sydney, 2006, Australia<br />
The topography <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s surface is subject to constant change due to tectonic, surface<br />
processes and mantle-driven vertical motions. However, determining the individual contributions<br />
<strong>of</strong> different mechanisms for vertical motion change through geological history from the<br />
sedimentary record is extremely difficult due to a missing absolute reference base level.<br />
We reverse-engineered data from independent sets <strong>of</strong> paleogeographic maps using the<br />
GPlates s<strong>of</strong>tware to construct a set <strong>of</strong> time-dependent, global paleo-shorelines from the<br />
Jurassic to present day. We compute the amount <strong>of</strong> change in the lateral shoreline position<br />
between individual timesteps to derive spatio-temporal patterns <strong>of</strong> relative subsidence and<br />
uplift. Using stable cratonic blocks as our geographic base reference, we derive the tilting <strong>of</strong><br />
these blocks and compute hypsometric curves through the amount <strong>of</strong> flooding. For our analysis<br />
we utilize a global, self-consistent set <strong>of</strong> dynamic plate polygons, sediment thickness data, and<br />
a time-dependent collection <strong>of</strong> rift basins to discriminate between areas undergoing lithospheric<br />
deformation and stable continental regions. A geospatial proximity analysis is performed to<br />
determine the spatio-temporal relationship to adjacent plate boundary types.<br />
Based on the amount <strong>of</strong> change, we identify areas which undergo significant changes and<br />
examine these at a higher resolution using additional data (e.g. well data, outcrop, isopach<br />
maps) to determine the causes <strong>of</strong> these changes. We then attempt to quantitatively link our<br />
results to a volumetric analysis <strong>of</strong> subduction history based on global plate kinematic models to<br />
improve our understanding <strong>of</strong> spatio-temporal variations in mantle-driven dynamic topography.<br />
SESSION NO. 26, 08:30<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T2D. Evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic, Adjacent<br />
Continents, and Passive Continental Margins in<br />
General (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
26-1 BTH 32 Chust, Thomas<br />
INFLUENCE OF MINERALOGICAL THERMODYNAMICS ON MANTLE CONVECTION<br />
CHUST, Thomas1 , STEINLE-NEUMANN, Gerd1 , and BUNGE, Hans-Peter2 ,<br />
(1) Bayersiches Geoinstitut, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany, thomas.chust@unibayreuth.de,<br />
(2) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Munich (LMU),<br />
Theresienstrasse 41, Munich, 80333, Germany<br />
The mechanical and thermal behaviour <strong>of</strong> mantle convection is influenced, among other<br />
things, by material parameters <strong>of</strong> the polycrystalline aggregates. We have implemented<br />
a thermodynamic model <strong>of</strong> mineral phase assemblages and integrated it <strong>with</strong> a mantle<br />
convection simulation to study the impact <strong>of</strong> thermal versus chemical effects and different<br />
mineralogical datasets on the dynamic processes in the earth’s mantle. The parameters <strong>of</strong> the<br />
mass and energy balance equations in the convection model are controlled by the properties <strong>of</strong><br />
the stable phase assemblages obtained through Gibbs free energy minimization at any given<br />
pressure and temperature. We also compute elastic moduli <strong>of</strong> the mineral phases in order to<br />
enable comparison between our model and seismological observations during postprocessing.<br />
26-2 BTH 33 Anka, Zahie<br />
EVIDENCE OF A LARGE PALEO-POCKMARKED SURFACE IN THE ORANGE BASIN:<br />
IMPLICATIONS FOR AN EARLY EOCENE MASSIVE FLUID-ESCAPE EVENT OFFSHORE<br />
SOUTH AFRICA<br />
HARTWIG, Alexander1 , ANKA, Zahie1 , DI PRIMIO, Rolando1 , and ALBRECHT, Tony2 ,<br />
(1) Section 4.3. Organic Geochemistry, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German<br />
Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, zahie@<br />
gfz-potsdam.de, (2) Forest Oil Corporation, Denver, CO 80202<br />
Pockmarks, mud volcanoes, gas chimneys, pipe structures, and other seismic anomalies are<br />
widely accepted as evidence for fluid and gas migration and leakage processes. Some <strong>of</strong><br />
these expressions have been shown to exist along the West African continental margin (Gay<br />
et al., 2007; Anka et al., 2009). Evidence <strong>of</strong> fluid leakage processes, such as mud diapirs and<br />
seismic chimneys, have previously been identified in some areas <strong>of</strong> the Orange Basin, South<br />
Africa (Kuhlmann et al.). Here we present the integration <strong>of</strong> these results <strong>with</strong> our ongoing<br />
investigations on 3D seismic reflection data, which provides new insights into the timing and<br />
dynamics <strong>of</strong> fluid migration and seepage on the Orange Basin.<br />
The interpretation <strong>of</strong> 3D seismic data in the NW <strong>of</strong> the Orange Basin has led to the<br />
identification <strong>of</strong> a pockmark-covered horizon <strong>with</strong>in Paleogene slope sediments. The<br />
pockmarks have average sizes from 200 to 350 m. Their density increases upslope where they<br />
form interconnected structures similar to those described by Pilcher & Argent (2007) in the<br />
Congo basin. This pockmarked surface extends for an area <strong>of</strong> approximately 2800 km2 to the<br />
North <strong>of</strong> the basin and it occurs above a well constrained Cretaceous/Cenozoic unconformity<br />
and below a Miocene erosional surface. Possible driving factors for this massive release<br />
event are currently being investigated: (1) Cenozoic uplift, erosion, and/or Paleogene sealevel<br />
fluctuations, (2) Initiation and shifting <strong>of</strong> ocean currents during early Cenozoic, (3) Local<br />
increase in paleo-heatflow due to Paleocene/Eocene and Eocene/Oligocene volcanism, which<br />
could have triggered generation and subsequent seepage <strong>of</strong> thermogenic methane along<br />
existing migration pathways.<br />
References:<br />
Anka, Z., et al. 2009. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90090.<br />
Gay, A., et al. 2007. Marine Geology (244): 68-92.<br />
Kuhlmann, G. et al. 2010, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 27(4): 973-992.<br />
Pilcher, R. and Argent, J. 2007. Marine Geology 244, 15-32
26-3 BTH 34 Anka, Zahie<br />
SEISMO-STRATIGRAPHY AND 3D MODELLING OF HYDROCARBON LEAKAGE IN THE<br />
COLORADO BASIN, OFFSHORE ARGENTINA<br />
ANKA, Zahie 1 , LOEGERING, Markus J. 2 , RODRIGUEZ, Jorge F. 3 , MARCHAL, Denis 3 ,<br />
DI PRIMIO, Rolando 1 , VALLEJO, Eduardo 3 , and KOHLER, Guillermina 3 , (1) Section<br />
4.3. Organic Geochemistry, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre<br />
for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, zahie@gfz-potsdam.de,<br />
(2) Section 4.3 Organic Geochemistry, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research<br />
Centre for Geosciences, (now at: Fugro Robertson Ltd., Llandudno, LL30 1SA, United<br />
Kingdom, (3) Petrobras Energía S.A, Buenos Aires, Argentina<br />
The analysis <strong>of</strong> a dense 2D seismic reflection dataset and data from 12 exploration wells,<br />
allowed us to identified the main syn- and post-rift seismo-stratigraphic sequences, as well<br />
as a variety <strong>of</strong> liquid/gas hydrocarbon-leakage indicators, on the continental shelf and slope<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Colorado Basin.The sequence maps (twt) show a shifting configuration from the<br />
break-up unconformity (130 Ma) to the present-day seafloor. The break-up unconformity<br />
displays a central EW-elongated graben, which prevails on the overlying sequences up to<br />
the Miocene. Sedimentation during the basin sag phase (Aptian to Campanian) is mainly<br />
located in the central part <strong>of</strong> the basin. During the Paleocene there is a discrete eastward<br />
depocentre migration. An important transgression, accompanied by aggradation and decrease<br />
in sedimentation rate, sets on during the Eocene. A dramatic increase in sediment supply takes<br />
place from the Oligocene up to the Present, driving a depocentre migration to the outer part <strong>of</strong><br />
the basin.<br />
Mapping <strong>of</strong> paleo- and present-day hydrocarbon-leakage features, such as gas chimneys,<br />
mud volcanoes and seabed pockmarks, provided insights on the definition <strong>of</strong> potential<br />
migration pathways.We identified two populations <strong>of</strong> vertical seismic pipes, <strong>with</strong> diameters from<br />
100 m up to 2000 m. One population is concentrated in the central part <strong>of</strong> the basin and the<br />
pipes end <strong>with</strong>in the Eocene sequences. They seem linked to volcanic intervals drilled by wells.<br />
The other population is found on the slope <strong>of</strong> the basin, the pipes reach up to the seafloor<br />
and end in pockmark depressions or seabed mounds. 3D seismic reflection data show that<br />
these pockmarks, have diameters from 200 m to 900 m and are 20 m to 100 m depth. They<br />
located close to an array <strong>of</strong> slope submarine channels. A highly vertically-faulted interval has<br />
been identified <strong>with</strong>in the Campanian and Paleocene sequences. These faults correspond to<br />
a polygonal-fault system that could breach sealing sequences, allowing vertical or sub-vertical<br />
fluid flow.<br />
Results from a calibrated 3D migration model indicate that although pre-rift and early<br />
Cretaceous source rocks (SR) intervals would be depleted, there exists an active kitchen from<br />
the Aptian SR, which might be feeding the observed gas chimneys and seabed pockmarks on<br />
the slope <strong>of</strong> the basin.<br />
26-4 BTH 35 Karl, Markus<br />
THERMAL HISTORY, EXHUMATION, UPLIFT AND LONGTERM LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION<br />
OF THE WESTERN SOUTH ATLANTIC PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGIN, BRAZIL<br />
KARL, Markus1 , KOLLENZ, Sebastian1 , GLASMACHER, Ulrich A. 1 , FRANCO-<br />
MAGALHAES, Ana B. 2 , and HACKSPACHER, Peter2 , (1) Institute <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Heidelberg, INF 234, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany, Markus.Karl@<br />
geow.uni-heidelberg.de, (2) Departamento de Petrologia e Metalogenia Instituto de<br />
Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Rio Claro (SP),<br />
Rio Claro, Brazil<br />
Passive continental margins are important geoarchives related to mantle dynamics, the<br />
breakup <strong>of</strong> continents, lithospheric dynamics and other processes. The aim <strong>of</strong> the study is<br />
to quantify the temperature, exhumation, rock and surface uplift, and long-term dynamic<br />
topography evolution <strong>of</strong> the western South Atlantic passive continental margin (WASPCM)<br />
in the states <strong>of</strong> Paraná and Santa Catarina (Central Brazil) along different transects. Special<br />
emphasis were put on old reactivated fracture zones. Therefore several transects were sampled<br />
perpendicular and parallel to the margin in a high resolution <strong>with</strong> altitudes from sea level up to<br />
1400 m a.s.l. All togesther around 100 samples comprising sandstone, volcanic rock, granite,<br />
gneiss, were taken and proceeded to reveal apatite and zircon for apatite and zircon fission<br />
track and (U-Th-Sm)/He. Together <strong>with</strong> t-T path modelling these data are used to determine the<br />
dynamic topography evolution. The continental margin process-response systems are caused<br />
by the interaction between endogenic and exogenic forces that are related to the rift - drift<br />
“passive” continental margin evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic. Since the Lower Creatceous the<br />
data show three exhumation events <strong>with</strong> fast movements <strong>of</strong> blocks cutted by old major fracture<br />
zones. Compared to the old term “passive” continental margin these new data represent a<br />
complex and active evolution <strong>of</strong> the Southeastern passive continental margin in Central Brazil<br />
until today.<br />
26-5 BTH 36 Kollenz, Sebastian<br />
LONG-TERM LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION OF THE ATLANTIC PASSIVE CONTINENTAL<br />
MARGIN, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA<br />
KOLLENZ, Sebastian, Institute <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Heidelberg,<br />
Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany, Sebastian.Kollenz@<br />
geow.uni-heidelberg.de, GLASMACHER, Ulrich A., Institute <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Heidelberg, INF 234, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany, ROSSELLO, Eduardo A., Depto de<br />
Ciencias Geológicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales;, Universidad de Buenos<br />
Aires, Ciudad Universitaria. Pabellón 2, Primer Piso, Oficina 19, Ciudad Autónoma de<br />
Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina, and PEREYRA, Ricardo, Facultad de Ciencias<br />
Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA), Avenida Bolivia 5500, Salta, 4400,<br />
Argentina<br />
The project deals <strong>with</strong> the evolution <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic passive continental margin<br />
(SAPCM-A) in eastern Argentina. The aim is to quantify processes, like uplift-, exhumational<br />
and erosional events by using three different geochronometers.<br />
Combining apatite- and zircon-FT-data together <strong>with</strong> (U-Th-Sm)/He-data, it is possible to<br />
reconstruct the time-temperature-history (t-T-history) <strong>of</strong> each sample by using modelings<strong>of</strong>tware.<br />
The modeling-s<strong>of</strong>tware (HeFTy and PECUBE) leads to detailed information <strong>of</strong> the evolution <strong>of</strong><br />
the continental margin and therefore also to information to understand the recent Topography.<br />
Passive continental margins are important geoarchives, which store information about<br />
incidents related to mantle dynamics, break-up <strong>of</strong> continents and other <strong>of</strong> exogenic and<br />
endogenic forces.<br />
The SAPCM-A trends NE-SW and is linked to the SE-NW trending Salado-basin and<br />
the also SE-NW-trending Colorado-basin. These two basins are separated by the Sierras<br />
Septentrionales and the Sierras Australes, which both also trend NE-SW. FT-data, generated<br />
from samples from the different stratigraphic Lithologies <strong>of</strong> both <strong>of</strong> the two mountain-ranges will<br />
be combined <strong>with</strong> HeFTy- and PECUBE-models, to get new insights in the kinematic processes<br />
like cooling, exhumation/inversion, uplift rates and erosional events, which have taken place<br />
and formed the recent topography <strong>of</strong> the region. This area is also a key area to study the<br />
influence <strong>of</strong> Fracture Zones (transform faults, transfer zones) on the evolution <strong>of</strong> the SAPCM.<br />
The Sierras Septentrionales is a flat mountain system and is surrounded by the<br />
Pampean plain. The hills reach their maximum <strong>of</strong> about 500 m a.s.l. near Tandil. The Sierras<br />
Septentrionales is build up <strong>of</strong> proterozoic crystalline basement covered by sedimentary rocks<br />
(Demoulin et al, 2005). The Sierras Australes is a fold belt trending in NW direction and can<br />
be sectioned in two main orographic units (Cobbold et al, 1986; Harrington, 1947). These two<br />
SESSION NO. 26<br />
different units show different styles <strong>of</strong> deformation and different grades <strong>of</strong> metamorphism. The<br />
western part <strong>of</strong> the Sierras Australes is a very highly deformed unit and is build up <strong>of</strong> rocks<br />
from the lower greenschist facies (Cobbold et al, 1986). The eastern part shows much lower<br />
grades <strong>of</strong> deformation and metamorphism than the western part.<br />
26-6 BTH 37 Bauer, Friederike<br />
THERMOKINEMATIC MODELLING AND LONG-TERM LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION OF THE<br />
RWENZORI MTS IN EAST AFRICA<br />
BAUER, Friederike1 , GLASMACHER, Ulrich A. 1 , BAUMGÄRTNER, Jens1 , RING,<br />
Uwe2 , KARL, Markus1 , SCHUMANN, Andreas3 , and NAGUDI, Betty3 , (1) Institute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Heidelberg, INF 234, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany,<br />
friederike.bauer@geow.uni-heidelberg.de, (2) <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand, (3) Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, Makerere<br />
University, University Road, PO Box 706, Kampala, Uganda<br />
The Rwenzori Mts form a striking feature <strong>with</strong>in the Albertine Rift <strong>of</strong> the East African Rift<br />
System. They are located along the border <strong>of</strong> the Democratic Republic <strong>of</strong> the Congo (DRC)<br />
and Uganda, and extend for about 120 km NS and 50 km EW. The Rwenzoris are built up by a<br />
dissected Precambrian metamorphic basement block that has been uplifted to heights <strong>of</strong> more<br />
than 5 km. Major questions related to the Rwenzori Mts refer to i) the timing <strong>of</strong> their formation;<br />
if their uplift has to be entirely ascribed to rift movements in Neogene times or if they represent<br />
an old basement block that formed a mountain high long before, and ii) the evolution <strong>of</strong> their<br />
formation; if they were uplifted as a single coherent block or if exhumation occurred at different<br />
times and at different places.<br />
The presented study seeks to determine the thermal, surface uplift and denudation history<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Rwenzori Mts using apatite fission-track (AFT) in combination <strong>with</strong> zircon (ZHe) and<br />
apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe) analysis for thermokinematic modelling. The resulting age data<br />
and track length distributions indicate a very complex cooling history that affected the Rwenzori<br />
Mts since at least the Mesozoic, <strong>with</strong> modelled tT-paths reflecting a protracted cooling history<br />
for the Rwenzori Mts: i) Accelerated cooling in Permo-Triassic and Jurassic time, followed by ii)<br />
a long period <strong>of</strong> constant and slow cooling, than succeeded by iii) renewed accelerated cooling<br />
in Neogene times. Since Miocene differentiated erosion and rock uplift movements affected<br />
the Rwenzori Mts, <strong>with</strong> more pronounced surface uplift along the western flank. The final<br />
rock uplift <strong>of</strong> the central and northern Rwenzoris that partly led to the formation <strong>of</strong> the recent<br />
topography must have been fast and in the near past (Pliocene to Pleistocene). Erosion could<br />
not compensate for the latest rock uplift, resulting in Oligocene to Miocene AHe ages.<br />
Samples from the southern Rwenzori Mts, however, reveal Carboniferous to Permian AFT<br />
ages, pointing to an earlier onset <strong>of</strong> cooling in this area and demonstrating once more the very<br />
complex cooling history <strong>of</strong> the Rwenzoris.<br />
Thermokinematic modelling, applied to samples from different parts <strong>of</strong> the working area allow<br />
to better constrain the cooling history <strong>of</strong> the Rwenzori Mts and surrounding Albertine Rift and<br />
will be discussed in the frame <strong>of</strong> this presentation.<br />
26-7 BTH 38 Maystrenko, Yuriy P.<br />
LITHOSPHERE-SCALE 3D STRUCTURAL MODEL OF THE SOUTHWEST AFRICAN<br />
PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGIN<br />
MAYSTRENKO, Yuriy P. 1 , SCHECK-WENDEROTH, Magdalena1 , HARTWIG, Alexander2 ,<br />
ANKA, Zahie2 , WATTS, Antony B. 3 , and HIRSCH, Katja K. 4 , (1) Section 4.4 Basin<br />
Analysis, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences,<br />
Telegrafenberg C4, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, yuram@gfz-potsdam.de, (2) Section 4.3<br />
Organic Geochemistry, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for<br />
Geosciences, Telegrafenberg B, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, (3) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth<br />
Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PR, United Kingdom, (4) Mærsk<br />
Olie og Gas AS, Crawpeel Road Altens, Aberdeen, AB12 3LG, United Kingdom<br />
The Southwest African continental margin is a passive volcanic margin where the Early<br />
Cretaceous continental break-up resulted in the formation <strong>of</strong> oceanic lithosphere <strong>with</strong>in the<br />
Atlantic Ocean. To understand the present-day structure <strong>of</strong> the Southwest African margin, a 3D<br />
structural model has been constructed. This lithospheric-scale 3D model includes eight layers:<br />
(1) Sea water, (2) Cenozoic, (3) base Turonian-base Cenozoic, (4) base Aptian-base Turonian,<br />
(5) pre-Aptian sediments, (6) crystalline crust, (7) high-velocity/high-density lower crustal body<br />
and (8) lithospheric mantle.<br />
During the model construction, the structural depth maps from Stewart et al. (2000) have<br />
been used for the Walvis and the Luderitz basins. For the Orange Basin, the main dataset<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> structural depth maps from Hartwig et al. (2010). A 3D lithospheric-scale model <strong>of</strong><br />
the Southwest African margin (Hirsch et al., 2009) was the main data source for the crystalline<br />
crust and the upper mantle.<br />
The Cenozoic is characterized by two zones <strong>of</strong> thick sediments <strong>with</strong>in the Walvis Basin and<br />
the northern part <strong>of</strong> the Orange Basin. The thickness distribution <strong>of</strong> the Turonian-base Cenozoic<br />
interval indicates that the major depocentres are located <strong>with</strong>in the Orange Basin. The Orange<br />
Basin is also characterized by thick Aptian-Turonian sediments. The thickness pattern <strong>of</strong> pre-<br />
Aptian sediments is relatively complex, showing pronounced thickness maxima in the Orange<br />
Basin.<br />
The high-velocity/high-density lower crustal body has a NW-SE elongated shape restricted<br />
to the axial part <strong>of</strong> the margin. In general, the thickness <strong>of</strong> the crust and <strong>of</strong> the lithosphere<br />
decreases towards the oceanic crustal domain <strong>with</strong> some local variations.<br />
References<br />
Hartwig, A. et al.., 2010. Characterization <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbon generation and migration dynamics<br />
based on seismic interpretation and basin modeling: an integrated study <strong>of</strong> the Orange Basin,<br />
South Africa. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90108, AAPG International Convention and<br />
Exhibition, Calgary, Canada.<br />
Hirsch, K.K. et al., 2009. A lithospheric 3D temperature study from the South Atlantic. EGU<br />
General Assembly: Geophysical Research <strong>Abstracts</strong>, Vol. 11, EGU2009-8053, Vienna, Austria.<br />
Stewart, J. et al, 2000. Three-dimensional subsidence analysis and gravity modelling <strong>of</strong> the<br />
continental margin <strong>of</strong>shore Namibia. Geophys. J. Int., 141, 724-746.<br />
26-8 BTH 39 Gruetzner, Jens<br />
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES AT THE ARGENTINE CONTINENTAL MARGIN<br />
SINCE THE OLIGOCENE<br />
GRUETZNER, Jens1 , UENZELMANN-NEBEN, Gabriele1 , and FRANKE, Dieter2 ,<br />
(1) Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26,<br />
Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany, Jens.Gruetzner@awi.de, (2) Bundesanstalt für<br />
Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe (BGR), Hannover, 30655, Germany<br />
Sedimentary processes on the Argentine margin are largely controlled by the interaction <strong>of</strong> the<br />
seafloor <strong>with</strong> northward flowing Antarctic water masses (Antarctic Intermediate Water, AAIW;<br />
Circumpolar Deep Water, CDW; Antarctic Bottom Water, AABW) and southward flowing North<br />
Atlantic Deep Water (NADW).<br />
A complex contourite drift system on the southern Argentine slope and rise consists <strong>of</strong> two<br />
major sectors: A submarine canyons and channels sector in the north mainly shaped by downslope<br />
processes and an escarpment and terraces sector in the south dominated by along-slope<br />
sediment deposition and erosion. Based on regional correlation <strong>of</strong> seismic reflection pr<strong>of</strong>iles a<br />
seismostratigraphic model for the sedimentary development <strong>of</strong> the area is developed. Seven<br />
Munich, Germany A37<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 26<br />
seismic units from regional reflector AR4 (~34 Ma) upward are identified and mapped. The<br />
shape and location <strong>of</strong> depocentres provide indications for major transport and depositional<br />
processes.<br />
From ~34 to 17 Ma sediments in both sectors were mainly deposited on the continental<br />
slope and formed the Piedra Buena Terrace (2000-3000m water depth today). The depocenter<br />
stretching along the continental slope and narrowing to the North indicates that sediment<br />
was likely delivered by a contour following northward directed current that was flowing in the<br />
depth range <strong>of</strong> todays Lower Circumpolar Deepwater (LCDW). Seaward <strong>of</strong> the depocenter<br />
sedimentation was moderate (canyons sector) to very low (terraces sector) indicating nondeposition<br />
or erosion over quite long time intervals.<br />
A major change in deposition after 17 Ma is indicated by generally decreased deposition<br />
in the canyons sector and eastward shifted depocenters in the terraces sector which can be<br />
explained by a change in AABW circulation that was more confined to the western flank <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Valentine Feilberg Terrace. Changes in depositional style during growth <strong>of</strong> this terrace reflect<br />
a sequence <strong>of</strong> flow variations: 1. Low bottom current activity during the Mid-Miocene Climatic<br />
Optimum (~17-14 Ma). 2. A current reorganization through the emergence <strong>of</strong> LCDW ocuured<br />
at ~14-12 Ma. 3. Moderate flow speed <strong>of</strong> LCDW and AABW from ~12-6 Ma. 4. Strengthening <strong>of</strong><br />
bottom flow after 6 Ma due to a general change in deep water mass organization following the<br />
closure <strong>of</strong> the Panamanian gateway.<br />
26-9 BTH 40 Muedi, Thomas<br />
SYN-BREAK-UP DYKE GEOMETRY AND DISTRIBUTION AT THE INCIPIENT NAMIBIAN<br />
MARGIN – EXAMPLES FROM THE HENTIES BAY-OUTJO DYKE SWARM<br />
MUEDI, Thomas1 , WIEGAND, Miriam2 , TRUMBULL, Robert3 , DE WITT, Maarten1 ,<br />
and GREILING, Reinhard2 , (1) University <strong>of</strong> Cape Town, Capetown, 11111, South<br />
Africa, ttmuedi@gmail.com, (2) University <strong>of</strong> Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, 76133, Germany,<br />
(3) GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, D-14473, Germany<br />
Mafic dyke swarms are major components <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic Large Igneous Province,<br />
which originated during the Cretaceous break up <strong>of</strong> Africa-South <strong>America</strong>. This contribution<br />
presents data on the dyke geometry and spatial distribution from the major Henties Bay-Outjo<br />
dyke swarm (HOD) in coastal and inland NW Namibia at the African margin, based on the<br />
mapping <strong>of</strong> dykes on digital aerial and satellite images. The dykes were emplaced in the crust<br />
at the NE-SW trending, Neoproterozoic Damara mobile belt. The dominant NE-SW strike <strong>of</strong> the<br />
HOD indicates the influence <strong>of</strong> the Damara Belt structural grain at a regional scale, but locally<br />
the dykes crosscut basement foliations and lithologic contacts. Coast-parallel dyke trends<br />
are also common. Statistics <strong>of</strong> dyke thickness, length, and distance between individual dykes<br />
are evaluated, in order to show potential clustering or fractal distribution <strong>of</strong> dyke fractures.<br />
These analyses will allow conclusions on fracturing processes <strong>of</strong> the lithosphere during dyke<br />
emplacement.<br />
26-10 BTH 41 Wiegand, Miriam<br />
DYKES EMPLACED INTO BASEMENT AND COVER ROCKS AT THE INCIPIENT NAMIBIAN<br />
MARGIN – STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC FABRICS<br />
WIEGAND, Miriam1 , STOLLHOFEN, Harald2 , TRUMBULL, Robert3 , and GREILING,<br />
Reinhard1 , (1) University <strong>of</strong> Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, 76133, Germany, miriam.wiegand@<br />
kit.edu, (2) University <strong>of</strong> Erlangen, North Bavarian Center <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Erlangen,<br />
11111, (3) GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, D-14473, Germany<br />
The major Henties Bay-Outjo dyke swarm (HOD) in coastal and inland NW Namibia at<br />
the African continental margin is part <strong>of</strong> the South Atlantic Large Igneous Province, which<br />
originated during the early Cretaceous break-up <strong>of</strong> Africa-South <strong>America</strong>. The HOD is oriented<br />
NE-SW and intruded the crystalline basement <strong>of</strong> the NE-SW trending, Neoproterozoic Damara<br />
mobile belt. There are only a few known locations, where the dykes <strong>of</strong> the HOD are associated<br />
<strong>with</strong> erosional remnants <strong>of</strong> sedimentary cover rocks <strong>of</strong> lower Jurassic age. The results <strong>of</strong><br />
detailed magnetic and fabric studies <strong>of</strong> these latter dykes are compared <strong>with</strong> earlier results on<br />
the HOD dykes in the crystalline basement, in order to determine potential differences in flow<br />
fabrics and emplacement history.<br />
The samples were studied microscopically (microstructure, opaque mineralogy) and<br />
magnetic properties determined (bulk susceptibility, anisotropy <strong>of</strong> magnetic susceptibility<br />
(AMS), hysteresis, NRM). Microscopic studies and kappa-T measurements identify magnetite<br />
and titanomagnetite as the dominant magnetic minerals. Two main AMS fabric types (normal<br />
and inverse) can be recognized, which are comparable to those reported earlier from mafic<br />
dykes <strong>of</strong> the Ponta Grossa dyke swarm in Brasil. At least the normal fabric type provides<br />
information on flow fabrics. Steep AMS long axes indicate subvertical magma flow, and<br />
shallow long axes subhorizontal flow. Dyke emplacement was a complex and localized process<br />
<strong>with</strong> multiple sites <strong>of</strong> vertical magma flow and lateral spreading. The analysis <strong>of</strong> the recently<br />
sampled dykes will allow a broader view and better-founded conclusion about magma flow<br />
directions and emplacement mechanisms in the dyke swarm.<br />
26-11 BTH 42 Glasmacher, Ulrich A.<br />
SUBSIDENCE/ INVERSION OF THE CONGO BASIN, REVEALED BY FISSION-TRACK AND<br />
(U-TH-SM)/HE DATA<br />
GLASMACHER, Ulrich A. 1 , BAUER, Friederike1 , and DELVAUX, Damien2 , (1) Institute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Heidelberg, INF 234, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany,<br />
ulrich.a.glasmacher@geow.uni-heidelberg.de, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Geology and Mineralogy,<br />
Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium<br />
The Congo Basin is one <strong>of</strong> the largest basins in the World <strong>with</strong> very little knowledge on the<br />
geological evolution as well as the oil and gas potential. In the past, oil seeps are recorded in<br />
the central part <strong>of</strong> the basin. Four sides in the Congo basin have been drilled so far. The cores<br />
<strong>of</strong> the two drill sides Dekese and Samba are located at the Musée royal de l’Afrique Centrale,<br />
Belgium. In a reconnaissance survey, we sampled both drill cores in a nearly even spacing<br />
<strong>of</strong> ~ 150 m covering the whole stratigraphy from Albian to Proterozoic. The red and green to<br />
grey sandstone samples were prepared by usual heavy minerals separation technique. Most<br />
<strong>of</strong> the samples revealed enough apatite and zircon grains for the two thermochronometric<br />
techniques fission track and (U-Th-Sm)/He. The time-temperature (t-T) evolution for the two drill<br />
locations were modeled by using the determined thermochronological data <strong>with</strong>in the s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
code HeFTy. We tested various geological evolutionary constrains. Both techniques provide us<br />
information on the thermal and exhumation <strong>of</strong> the possible source area and on the drill location<br />
by themselves.<br />
A38 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
SESSION NO. 27, 08:30<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T2A. Subduction and Collision Processes Through<br />
Time in the Mediterranean Area — From the Deep<br />
Mantle to the Surface (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P2 (E106, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
27-1 BTH 4 Bartel, Esther Maria<br />
STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE WESTERN DRAU RANGE, EASTERN ALPS: A<br />
DEXTRAL PRECURSOR OF THE PERIADRIATIC FAULT?<br />
BARTEL, Esther Maria, NEUBAUER, Franz, and HEBERER, Bianca, Dept. Geography<br />
and Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria,<br />
EstherMaria.Bartel@stud.sbg.ac.at<br />
Depending on rheology, strike-slip systems migrate <strong>with</strong>in orogens. However, this fact received<br />
surprisingly little attention. We show an example from the Drau Range (DR), which is separated<br />
from the Periadriatic (PA) fault in the S by the Gailtal metamorphic complex. The DR comprises<br />
an Upper Carboniferous to Cretaceous cover sequence squeezed in between the Gailtal<br />
basement in the S and the Kreuzeck basement in the N. The DR is tectonically isolated from<br />
other Austroalpine and South Alpine cover units. Triassic facies relationships exist to the<br />
western Northern Calcareous Alps, which implies significant sinistral displacement along an<br />
unknown ca. E-trending fault. Major strike-slip faults border the DR: the ENE-trending sinistral<br />
Drautal fault in the NW, the dextral NW-trending Isel and Möll faults in the N and E.<br />
Within the DR, large tight high-amplitude, ca. E-trending, N-vergent folds prevail and indicate<br />
dominant N–S shortening. In the central and western part, the fold structure is overprinted<br />
by the DR South Margin (DRSM) fault representing a crustal-scale first-order strike-slip fault<br />
subparallel to the PA fault. The DRSM fault juxtaposes Permian-Lower Triassic siliciclastics to<br />
Middle Triassic to Jurassic carbonates, and incorporates major shear lenses <strong>of</strong> metamorphic<br />
basement rocks. Dislocation and counter-clockwise rotation <strong>of</strong> fold structures, including a<br />
prominent syncline <strong>with</strong> Jurassic formations, occurred along NW-trending splay faults. The<br />
Drautal fault is younger than the DRSM. A prominent WNW-trending sinistral strike-slip duplex<br />
(Pittsberg wedge) <strong>with</strong> more than 10 km lateral <strong>of</strong>fset has an uncertain age-relationship<br />
to the DRSM. A conjugate shear system indicating N-S shortening displaces the DRSM.<br />
The youngest visible structures are the NW-trending Isel and Möll Valley faults, which are<br />
interpreted as Riedel shears to the PA fault.<br />
We discuss the tectonic significance <strong>of</strong> the DRSM together <strong>with</strong> other, hitherto not<br />
considered strike-slip faults (e.g. E-trending Bleiberg fault) along the southern margin <strong>of</strong> the<br />
DR and propose a tentative model: The DR is an original extension <strong>of</strong> the Mesozoic units<br />
now exposed 80 km to the W (Penserjoch), which was later disrupted by the Drautal and<br />
subsequently by the PA fault. In this case, the DRSM fault would represent a dextral precursor<br />
<strong>of</strong> the PA fault.<br />
27-2 BTH 5 Bartel, Esther Maria<br />
ON THE EDGE OF A PLATE: THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC MICROPLATE AND ITS<br />
INTERACTION WITH THE EASTERN ALPS AND DINARIDES<br />
HEBERER, Bianca, NEUBAUER, Franz, BARTEL, Esther Maria, GENSER, Johann,<br />
and WAGNER, Reinhard, Dept. Geography and Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg,<br />
Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria, EstherMaria.Bartel@stud.sbg.ac.at<br />
We study the large-scale expression <strong>of</strong> the Oligocene to Recent motion <strong>of</strong> the Adriatic<br />
microplate towards the Eastern Alps and Dinarides. Late Miocene (?) to Recent subduction<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Adriatic microplate beneath the Friuli orocline <strong>of</strong> the Eastern Alps and NW Dinarides<br />
has been proposed. Rotation <strong>of</strong> the Adriatic microplate indicates decoupling from the internal<br />
Alpine-Dinaridic mountain ranges. Initially, the Periadriatic fault, and then the Fella-Sava-<br />
Zumberek fault system – a prime candidate for guiding rotation since the Pliocene - decoupled<br />
the plates. Fault and striae data indicate mostly NW-SE to NNW-SSE strike-slip compression.<br />
This is consistent <strong>with</strong> ongoing seismicity, which shows spatiotemporal segmentation into<br />
three areas (W, central, SE) <strong>with</strong> the present-day main activity in the central N Friuli - W<br />
Julian Alps. Based on new structural and thermochronological data in conjunction <strong>with</strong> a large<br />
body <strong>of</strong> existing data, we propose that some sectors <strong>of</strong> the internal Southalpine unit and NW<br />
Dinarides just reached very low- to low-grade metamorphic conditions during likely Eocene<br />
times followed by differential uplift and erosion <strong>of</strong> several km. In the internal Southalpine and<br />
Dinarides, existing apatite fission-track ages are partly between 7 and 30 Ma (Southalpine unit)<br />
and ca. 42–33 Ma (Dinaric belt) (Stefani et al. 2008, J. Sediment. Res. 77, 867–887 and refs)<br />
and mostly show post-depositional thermal overprint at minimum 110°C, decreasing towards<br />
the foreland. As a principal result <strong>of</strong> structural, thermochronological and sedimentological<br />
observations we find: (1) a Mid-Late Miocene stage <strong>of</strong> surface uplift, intra-orogenic subsidence<br />
<strong>of</strong> sedimentary basins reflecting intra-orogenic crustal-scale folding, and (2) a Late Pliocene-<br />
Pleistocene stage <strong>of</strong> convergence, which led to overall surface uplift in the orogen and<br />
pronounced subsidence in the foreland basin. The two stages <strong>of</strong> convergence resulted from<br />
different orogen-foreland basin coupling which was weak in the earlier stage and strong in the<br />
later stage, as reflected by subsidence in the associated foreland basin.<br />
27-3 BTH 6 Bernroider, Manfred<br />
PETROLOGY OF MAGMATIC AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS IN THE PERMIAN-LOWER<br />
TRIASSIC HASELGEBIRGE OF THE AUSTRIAN EASTERN ALPS: GEODYNAMIC<br />
IMPLICATIONS<br />
BERNROIDER, Manfred, NEUBAUER, Franz, and SCHORN, Anja, Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Geography and Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, Salzburg, 5020,<br />
Austria, manfred.bernroider@sbg.ac.at<br />
The evaporite mélanges <strong>of</strong> the Haselgebirge Formation exposed in the central Northern<br />
Calcareous Alps (Moosegg, Weitenau, Hallstatt) comprises a wide range <strong>of</strong> dm- to m-sized<br />
tectonic blocks <strong>of</strong> magmatic and metamorphic rocks. Some metagabbro clasts contain<br />
a partly altered magmatic mineral assemblage including plagioclase, clinopyroxene and<br />
titanomagnetite. The rims are partly replaced by a fine-grained mixture <strong>of</strong> chemically<br />
unresolvable amphiboles, opaques and other minerals. The metamorphic assemblage <strong>of</strong><br />
other pseudomorphs contains phengitic white mica (Early Variscan Ar-Ar ages) and Na-rich<br />
amphiboles (winchite). Due to a lack <strong>of</strong> foliation, the assemblage is interpreted as locean<br />
floor metamorphism. Other samples <strong>of</strong> meta-biotite-diorite/-gabbro contain plagioclase,<br />
kaersutite, and Ti-rich biotite as primary minerals, and actinolite, chlorite and epidote in a<br />
metamorphic assemblage. Biotite ArAr ages range from 270 to 248 Ma. In some <strong>of</strong> these<br />
rocks, we also found a magnesio-hornblende/actinolite associated <strong>with</strong> opaque minerals<br />
in the core <strong>of</strong> kaersutite, which possibly represents a pseudomorph after clinopyroxene.<br />
Idiomorphic glaucophane <strong>with</strong> small phengite-rich white mica, resp. rims <strong>of</strong> phengitic white
mica around biotite indicative for static high-pressure conditions during formation were also<br />
observed. Na-rich amphiboles (mainly magnesio-riebeckite) are particularly important in many<br />
metamorphic rocks as well as infill <strong>of</strong> extensional gashes, particularly in dolomite lenses. As<br />
a working hypothesis, we postulate formation <strong>of</strong> Na-rich amphiboles by interaction between a<br />
brine and rock at an elevated temperature.<br />
The new data indicate a magmatic suite in the Alpine Haselgebirge, which is dominated by<br />
mildly alkaline rocks. The phengitic white mica and glaucophane <strong>of</strong> meta-gabbro suggest a<br />
phase <strong>of</strong> post-Permian blueschist metamorphism. We speculate that part <strong>of</strong> the blocks preserve<br />
remnants <strong>of</strong> a Mesozoic subduction zone <strong>of</strong> a rift-related continental margin sequence.<br />
The work was founded by FWF-project P22,728 Polyhalit.<br />
27-4 BTH 7 Favaro, Silvia<br />
TECTONICS OF THE EASTERN TAUERN WINDOW - AUSTRIA<br />
FAVARO, Silvia1 , HAWEMANN, Friedrich1 , SCHARF, Andreas1 , GIPPER, Peter1 ,<br />
HANDY, Mark R. 1 , and SCHMID, Stefan2 , (1) Institut fuer Geologische Wissenschaften,<br />
Freie Universitaet Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, Berlin, 12249, Germany, silviafavaro@<br />
zedat.fu-berlin.de, (2) ETH Zürich, Institut f. Geophysik, Sonneggstrasse 5, Zürich, 8092,<br />
Switzerland<br />
The eastern Tauern Window (TW) exposes the following top to bottom sequence <strong>of</strong> nappes:<br />
Austroalpine units; Glockner Nappe (GN, derived from the Valais branch <strong>of</strong> Alpine Tethys); Rote<br />
Wand-Seidlwinkl (RS) isoclinal fold nappe <strong>with</strong> normal and inverted stratigraphic sequences<br />
<strong>of</strong> the most distal European margin; GN refolded around RS; and Sonnblick basement and<br />
cover (SO). The SO unit is the highest nappe <strong>of</strong> the Venediger Duplex (VND) derived from<br />
the European continental margin. The contact <strong>of</strong> the GN <strong>with</strong> the RS is a D1 thrust that was<br />
subsequently folded into an isoclinal D2 antiform, which we tentatively interpret as a crustalscale,<br />
N-facing sheath fold. We further observe that the GN underlying the RS is in thrust<br />
contact <strong>with</strong> the SO, but that in the Mallnitz area the RS is missing between the GN and its D1<br />
contact <strong>with</strong> the VND. There, this folded contact is cut by D3 thrusts and further deformed by<br />
the D4 Hochalm Dome.<br />
From existing and own maps, we discern the following deformation events: (D1) thrusting <strong>of</strong><br />
the GN onto the RS; (D2) isoclinal folding <strong>of</strong> the D1-detached RS and overlying GN brought the<br />
GN into the inverted limb <strong>of</strong> an D2 antiform whose core comprises the RS unit; (D3) formation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the VND whereby the previously stacked and folded RS-GN composite unit overlies the<br />
ro<strong>of</strong> thrust <strong>of</strong> this duplex structure; (D4) doming (Sonnblick, Hochalm), tight folding (Mallnitz<br />
Synform) and sinistral shearing as part <strong>of</strong> the Katschberg Shear Zone system (KSZ, Scharf<br />
et al., this vol); (D5) dextral brittle strike slip faulting along the Mölltal Line overprints D4<br />
structures, but does not extend NW-ward into the central TW. D1 – D2 are inferred to have<br />
occurred during Eocene subduction and exhumation <strong>of</strong> the European margin and adjacent GN,<br />
based on a correlation <strong>of</strong> D1 and D2 schistosities and stretching lineations <strong>with</strong> late Eocene<br />
(42-32 Ma) HP mineral assemblages in the RS. D3 is attributed to incipient collision <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Adriatic margin (upper plate) and previously accreted RS and GN units <strong>with</strong> the European<br />
margin (lower plate). D4 doming and lateral E-W extension accommodated by the KSZ is a<br />
response <strong>of</strong> the thick orogenic wedge both to Neogene indentation <strong>of</strong> the Adriatic plate and to<br />
ESE-directed pull <strong>of</strong> the retreating European slab in the Carpathians. Exhumation between 25<br />
and 17 Ma was caused by significant erosional unro<strong>of</strong>ing.<br />
27-5 BTH 8 Genser, Johann<br />
TIMING OF PENNINIC–AUSTRO-ALPINE KINEMATICS FROM 39AR/40AR DATING FROM<br />
THE NE TAUERN WINDOW, EASTERN ALPS<br />
GENSER, Johann, Dept. Geography and Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg,<br />
Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg A-5020 Austria, johann.genser@sbg.ac.at<br />
The Penninic–Austro-Alpine boundary represents the main Alpine suture in the Eastern Alps.<br />
In the region <strong>of</strong> the north-eastern Tauern Window, the Austro-Alpine nappes are characterised<br />
by an overall inverted Alpine metamorphic gradient from medium grade in the Middle Austro-<br />
Alpine (MAA) to low grade conditions in the Lower Austro-Alpine (LAA) nappes. Thrusting in<br />
the AA units is to the W, predating metamorphic peak conditions in the higher Bundschuh<br />
nappe, but is essentially syn-metamorphic in the deeper MAA Aineck and the LAA nappes. The<br />
Penninic nappes show an increase in metamorphism from top to bottom from low to medium<br />
grade conditions.<br />
39 40 Ar/ Ar-dating <strong>of</strong> mainly white mica from the Bundschuh nappe gave ages from ca. 130 to<br />
105 Ma <strong>with</strong> some partially reset ages. From the deeper Aineck nappe, mica growing in the<br />
main foliation gave ages from 90-85 Ma, discordant mica ages around 80 Ma. In Mesozoic<br />
metasediments <strong>of</strong> the LAA unit, there is a general decrease in ages from ca. 75 Ma in higher<br />
to 50 Ma in lower nappes. Basement rocks preserve Permian white mica ages. Mica from the<br />
uppermost Penninic sequence display ages from 45 to 22 Ma, dependent primarily on lithology.<br />
Most ages cluster around 30 Ma.<br />
As a result, thrusting in the AA units occurred over a long time-span. Alpine thrusting in the<br />
highest unit and cooling to about 400 °C predate 100 Ma. In the next lower unit thrusting could<br />
have persisted until ca. 85 Ma. The attainment <strong>of</strong> higher peak temperatures in higher nappes<br />
<strong>of</strong> the AA unit and subsequent thrusting onto progressively cooler units <strong>of</strong> the same megaunit<br />
point to continuous accretion <strong>of</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> the footwall to the hanging wall. This progressive<br />
accretion explains the observed inverted metamorphic gradient <strong>with</strong>out the need to invoke<br />
inverted temperature gradients. As there is no age break going down the nappe stack, also<br />
accretion <strong>of</strong> the LAA units and initiation <strong>of</strong> subduction <strong>of</strong> the Penninic oceanic lithosphere<br />
was a continuous process. The main deformation in the higher Penninic parts, related to their<br />
subduction and intra-Penninic stacking is pre- to syn-metamorphic. Hence the oldest age from<br />
that unit give a minimum age for N-directed shearing, the oldest ductile deformation. Ages <strong>of</strong><br />
about 22 Ma place a lower age limit on ensuing WNW-directed shearing, occurring at about<br />
peak metamorphic conditions.<br />
27-6 BTH 9 Scharf, Andreas<br />
EXHUMATION-RELATED STRUCTURES AT THE EASTERN MARGIN OF THE TAUERN<br />
WINDOW (EASTERN ALPS)<br />
SCHARF, Andreas1 , FAVARO, Silvia1 , HANDY, Mark R. 1 , and SCHMID, Stefan2 , (1) Institut<br />
für geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteser Str.74-100, 12249,<br />
Berlin, 12249, Germany, scharfa@zedat.fu-berlin.de, (2) ETH Zürich, Institut f. Geophysik,<br />
Sonneggstrasse 5, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland<br />
The Katschberg Shear Zone (KSZ) comprises a 3-5 km thick mylonite belt whose penetrative<br />
foliation (Sm) swings around a series <strong>of</strong> coeval antiforms (Hochalm, Sonnblick Domes) and a<br />
synform (Mallnitz). The eastern segment <strong>of</strong> the KSZ is a low-angle, SE-dipping, top-E to –SE<br />
ductile normal fault capped by a 10-100 m wide zone <strong>of</strong> cataclasites known as the Katschberg<br />
Normal Fault (KNF). At the N and S terminations <strong>of</strong> the KNF, the ductile KSZ acquires an<br />
orogen-parallel orientation <strong>with</strong>in calc-schist (Bündnerschiefer <strong>of</strong> the Glockner Nappe). There,<br />
it lacks a cataclastic overprint and is characterized by a moderately to steeply dipping Sm <strong>with</strong><br />
subhorizontal stretching lineations. The northern, E-W-trending branch exhibits dextral sense<br />
<strong>of</strong> shear, whereas the southern branch is sinistral and strikes NW-SE, i.e. subparallel to the<br />
brittle Mölltal Fault <strong>with</strong> predominantly dextral shear-sense indicators that overprint the Sm.<br />
The kinematic continuity <strong>of</strong> top-E to SE normal faulting along the KNF <strong>with</strong> ductile dextral and<br />
sinistral strike-slip motions at its ends, combined <strong>with</strong> the coincidence <strong>of</strong> the KNF <strong>with</strong> the<br />
SESSION NO. 27<br />
greatest amount <strong>of</strong> tectonic omission around the Hochalm Dome indicate that N-S-shortening,<br />
strike-slip shearing and orogen-parallel normal faulting were broadly coeval.<br />
The kinematics <strong>of</strong> the KSZ indicates that units in the Tauern Window underwent exhumation<br />
by both extensional unro<strong>of</strong>ing and erosional denudation. Cooling ages constrain the KSZ to<br />
have formed between 25 and 17 Ma. Exhumation began <strong>with</strong> orogen-parallel extension, <strong>with</strong><br />
initially flat-lying branches at the N and S ends <strong>of</strong> the KNF. As N-S shortening increased,<br />
these branches steepened and accommodated predominantly strike-slip motion. The steep<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> the KSZ represent stretching faults, <strong>with</strong> <strong>of</strong>fset along them decreasing from E to W.<br />
This coincides <strong>with</strong> a decrease <strong>of</strong> N-S shortening and E-W extension towards the center <strong>of</strong><br />
the Tauern Window. Dextral motion along the brittle Mölltal Fault post-dated the KSZ which<br />
ceased at about 17 Ma. The KSZ may pre-date a substantial part <strong>of</strong> the N-S to NE-SW directed<br />
indentation <strong>of</strong> the Adriatic microplate that was accommodated by continued and more intense<br />
upright folding in the W part <strong>of</strong> the Tauern Window, as well as by strike-slip motions along the<br />
Periadriatic Line and the SEMP line.<br />
27-7 BTH 10 Schorn, Anja<br />
TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE UPPER PERMIAN TO LOWER TRIASSIC<br />
HASELGEBIRGE EVAPORITIC MÉLANGE AND OF ITS MAGMATIC SUITES: EVIDENCE<br />
FROM THE MOOSEGG QUARRY IN THE CENTRAL NORTHERN CALCAREOUS ALPS<br />
(AUSTRIA)<br />
SCHORN, Anja, NEUBAUER, Franz, BERNROIDER, Manfred, and GENSER, Johann,<br />
Dept. Geography and Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg,<br />
A-5020, Austria, anja.schorn2@stud.sbg.ac.at<br />
The Permian-Lower Triassic Haselgebirge Fm. plays a key role in (1) the origin <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Haselgebirge bearing nappes, (2) the potentially primary or tectonic inclusion <strong>of</strong> magmatic<br />
and metamorphic rocks revealing tectonic processes not preserved in other units, and (3) the<br />
debated mode <strong>of</strong> gravity-driven or tectonic emplacement.<br />
According to fluid inclusion studies by Spötl et al. (1998, Sedimentology, v. 45, p. 1019 –<br />
1044), the Haselgebirge sulphates experienced a relatively high temperature > 240 °C. A<br />
large variety <strong>of</strong> sulphatic fabrics is preserved <strong>with</strong>in the Moosegg quarry. Dominant gypsum/<br />
anhydrite bodies are tectonically mixed <strong>with</strong> subordinate lenses <strong>of</strong> dark dolomite, dark-grey<br />
and red shales, pelagic limestones, marls and dm - to m - sized tectonic clasts and boudins<br />
<strong>of</strong> plutonic rocks as well as metamophic and altered volcanic rocks. We found widespread<br />
biotite-bearing meta-gabbro, various types <strong>of</strong> epidote-rich and commonly kaersutite-bearing<br />
meta-diorite, meta-monzonite, rare ultramafic rocks as well as meta-dolerite and rare schistose<br />
metamorphites. The 40Ar/ 39Ar biotite ages from nine meta-gabbros and meta-diorites <strong>with</strong><br />
variable composition and fabrics range from 248 to 270 Ma (e.g., 251.2 ± 1.1 Ma) indicating a<br />
Permian age <strong>of</strong> cooling after magma crystallization. The chemical composition <strong>of</strong> the epidotediorites,<br />
meta-monzonite and biotite-gabbros indicate an alkaline trend. We interpret the<br />
plutonic and volcanic rocks to represent a rift-related magmatic suite. The meta-dolerites show<br />
a MORB-origin. These, together <strong>with</strong> a high variety <strong>of</strong> Permian to Jurassic sedimentary rocks,<br />
were incorporated during nappe emplacement forming the sulphatic Haselgebirge mélange.<br />
40 39 Ar/ Ar white mica ages from two schistose metamorphites yield ages <strong>of</strong> 349 Ma to 378 Ma<br />
and prove the Variscan age <strong>of</strong> pressure-dominated metamorphism. They are in the range <strong>of</strong><br />
detrital white mica ages reported from the underlying Rossfeld Fm. (von Eynatten et al., 1996,<br />
Geology, v. 24, p. 691–694) indicating a close source-sink relationship.<br />
According to our new data, the Haselgebirge-bearing nappe was transported over the Lower<br />
Cretaceous Rossfeld Fm., which includes many clasts derived from the Haselgebirge Fm. and<br />
its exotic blocks deposited in front <strong>of</strong> the incoming nappe comprising the Haselgebirge Fm.<br />
27-8 BTH 11 Ortner, Hugo<br />
GEOMETRY, SEQUENCE AND AMOUNT OF THRUSTING IN THE SUBALPINE MOLASSE<br />
OF AUSTRIA AND BAVARIA<br />
ORTNER, Hugo1 , FÜGENSCHUH, Bernhard1 , ZERLAUTH, Michael2 , and HINSCH,<br />
Ralph3 , (1) Geology and Paleontology, University <strong>of</strong> Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck,<br />
6020, Austria, hugo.ortner@uibk.ac.at, (2) alpS GmbH, Grabenweg 68, Innsbruck, 6020,<br />
Austria, (3) RAG Austria, Schwarzenbergplatz 16, Vienna, 1015, Austria<br />
The Subalpine Molasse (SM) is the most external tectonic unit <strong>of</strong> the Alps extending from<br />
Geneva (Switzerland) to west <strong>of</strong> Salzburg (Austria), where it disappears into the subsurface.<br />
From western Austria eastward, continental, coarse-grained conglomerates grade into deep<br />
marine marls. We investigate the influence <strong>of</strong> this facies transition on tectonic style and<br />
observed amount <strong>of</strong> shortening in four cross sections.<br />
1 In western Austria thick coarse-grained continental conglomerates (>3km) overlie marine<br />
marls, which form the regional detachment. Ramp-flat geometries formed in the SM. The frontal<br />
structure is a triangle zone at depth <strong>with</strong> a hinterland-facing fold compensating movement on<br />
the passive ro<strong>of</strong> thrust <strong>of</strong> the triangle. All structures were steepened during late contraction.<br />
2 In western Bavaria the continental unit is sandstone-dominated, and overlies thick marine<br />
marls. An upright detachment fold takes up the movement <strong>of</strong> the passive backthrust <strong>of</strong> the<br />
frontal triangle zone. The perfectly round detachment folds <strong>of</strong> the SM are crosscut by several<br />
straight out-<strong>of</strong>-sequence thrusts, that postdate the triangle zone and folding.<br />
3 In central Bavaria (TRANSALP section) thick marine marls (>1km) are overlain by<br />
brackish sandstones and marls. The frontal structure is a thrust that splays toward the surface.<br />
Detachment folds <strong>of</strong> the SM are crosscut by younger thrusts. To prevent 6km <strong>of</strong> marine marls in<br />
the section below the detachment folds, a Helvetic/Flysch thrust wedge is introduced.<br />
4 East <strong>of</strong> the last surface outcrops <strong>of</strong> the SM, sandy to conglomeratic channel fills are<br />
intercalated into deep marine marls. The competent units form a duplex buried by Miocene<br />
sediments.<br />
The age <strong>of</strong> shortening is constrained by growth strata above the frontal triangle to Late<br />
Burdigalien and younger, and postdates the youngest sediments (9Ma). Shortening decreases<br />
from 32km (64%) in the west to the east 11km (55%) in the SM. In the easternmost section<br />
young shortening is insignificant, whereas Oligocene shortening is 8km (46%).<br />
The end <strong>of</strong> foreland propagation <strong>of</strong> the Alpine wedge might be related to onset <strong>of</strong> major<br />
orogen-parallel extension. As break-back thrusting starts earlier in the east, also orogenparallel<br />
extension should have progressed from east to west. However, the sections 1 and 2 are<br />
outside the area affected by Miocene stretching.<br />
27-9 BTH 12 Gutscher, Marc-Andre<br />
THE STRUCTURE AND RECENT DEFORMATION OF THE EXTERNAL CALABRIAN ARC<br />
(ACCRETIONARY WEDGE): IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT<br />
GALLAIS, Flora1 , GUTSCHER, Marc-Andre1 , GRAINDORGE, David1 , CHAMOT-ROOKE,<br />
Nicolas2 , and KLAESCHEN, Dirk3 , (1) Domaines Oceaniques UMR6538, CNRS, IUEM,<br />
Univ. Brest, Pl. N. Copernic, Plouzane, F-29280, France, gutscher@univ-brest.fr, (2) Dept.<br />
<strong>of</strong> Geology, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, F-75231, France, (3) Dynamik des<br />
Ozeanbodens, IFM-GEOMAR, Leibnitz Institute <strong>of</strong> Marine Sciences, Wischh<strong>of</strong>strasse 1-3,<br />
Kiel, D-20148, Germany<br />
Subduction <strong>of</strong> the Ionian Sea lithosphere beneath Calabria and E Sicily has shaped the<br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> Southern Italy since 5 Ma. We present reprocessed 96-channel seismic reflection<br />
data acquired during the PRISMED survey (1993), and ARCHIMEDE survey (1997), both<br />
onboard R/V Le Nadir crossing the Ionian Abyssal Plain and the deep <strong>of</strong>fshore portions <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Calabrian accretionary wedge (“External Calabrian arc”).<br />
Munich, Germany A39<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 27<br />
Our seismic data provide clear images <strong>of</strong> the the toe <strong>of</strong> the accretionary wedge (from the<br />
Ionian abyssal plain across the deformation front). Here, the base <strong>of</strong> the Messinian evaporites<br />
serves as a weak detachment above which the entire Messinian salt and the overlying Plio-<br />
Quaternary (PQ) sediments are accreted. Repeated imbricated thrusting and some backthrusting<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the Calabrian wedge allows a doubling <strong>of</strong> the thickness <strong>of</strong> the salt layer <strong>with</strong>in<br />
30 km <strong>of</strong> the deformation front. Pre-stack depth migration <strong>of</strong> seismic line PM01 allows deeper<br />
imaging <strong>of</strong> the entire frontal wedge (post-Messinian) as well as the boundary to the older<br />
internal Calabrian wedge (pre-Messinian in age).<br />
To the east <strong>of</strong> the Malta Escarpment (East Sicily), another major tectonic structure is imaged<br />
by the Archimede pr<strong>of</strong>iles. The structure <strong>of</strong>fsets the top <strong>of</strong> the Pre-Messinian deposits and the<br />
underlying units by 0.5 - 1 sTWT increasing from S to N. This N150°E oriented lithospheric<br />
scale fault is interpreted as a tear fault (“STEP” fault) which has allowed the roll-back <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ionian slab. Syn-tectonic sedimentation <strong>of</strong> Plio-Quaternary units above this fault suggest<br />
ongoing deformation related to this tear fault. Together <strong>with</strong> folding <strong>of</strong> Plio-Quaternary strata at<br />
the toe <strong>of</strong> the wedge, including Augias mega-turbidite dated at 3500 BP, this suggests ongoing<br />
activity <strong>of</strong> the subduction system. Available GPS data suggest slow eastward motion (3-4mm/<br />
yr) <strong>of</strong> Calabrian stations in a Nubia fixed reference frame, consistent <strong>with</strong> slab roll-back and<br />
capable <strong>of</strong> driving E vergent deformation in the accretionary wedge. Slip along the shallow NW<br />
dipping subduction fault plane <strong>of</strong>fers a possible explanation for the 1693 Catania earthquake<br />
and tsunami. The seismogenic potential <strong>of</strong> the subduction zone and a better understanding <strong>of</strong><br />
typical earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals bear strongly on hazard assessment<br />
for Southern Italy.<br />
27-10 BTH 13 Bondar, Roman<br />
THE PALEOTENSION FIELDS RESEARCH OF FORE-MARMAROSH NAPPES (UKRAINIAN<br />
CARPATHIANS)<br />
GAYDUK, Taras, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Problems <strong>of</strong> the Carpathians Geology, The Institute <strong>of</strong> Geology<br />
and Geochemistry <strong>of</strong> Combustible Minerals <strong>of</strong> NAS <strong>of</strong> Ukraine, 3a, Naukova Str, Lviv,<br />
79060, Ukraine, BONDAR, Roman, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Deep-Seated Fluids Geochemistry, The<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Geology and Geochemistry <strong>of</strong> Combustible Minerals <strong>of</strong> NAS <strong>of</strong> Ukraine, 3a,<br />
Naukova Str, Lviv, 79060, Ukraine, romanbondar@mail.ua, and YAREMOVYCH, Mykhaylo,<br />
Dept. <strong>of</strong> Problems <strong>of</strong> the Carpathians Geology, The Institute <strong>of</strong> Geology and Geochemistry<br />
<strong>of</strong> Combustible Minerals <strong>of</strong> NAS <strong>of</strong> Ukraine, 3a, Naukova Str, 3a, Naukova Str, Lviv, 79060,<br />
Ukraine<br />
In this paper presented some aspects <strong>of</strong> flysch and volcanic rocks jointing researches <strong>with</strong>in<br />
the south-eastern part <strong>of</strong> Ukrainian Carpathians – Rakhiv, Burkut and Chorna Gora nappes<br />
(Ceahlau and Audia nappes in Romanian Carpathians). This nappes is a result <strong>of</strong> Fore-<br />
Marmarosh accretionary wedge forming during subduction in Early Cretaceous. Within black<br />
flysch <strong>of</strong> Burkut nappe observed here fragments <strong>of</strong> oceanic crust – the so called Trostyanets<br />
volcanogenic complex.<br />
Field observations was analysed by the program FaultKinWin (Kornel University, USA).<br />
The field types <strong>of</strong> the paleotension were determined by a table (Sherman, 1989) in which is<br />
regulated interdependence between directions <strong>of</strong> main tensions axes and morphologic-genetic<br />
types <strong>of</strong> faults in the earth crust is set.<br />
There are the cleavage fissures directed from northwest to southeast and from north to south<br />
prevailed <strong>with</strong>in the limits <strong>of</strong> this region, what coincides <strong>with</strong> reaching <strong>of</strong> main discontinuous<br />
thrusts in region. In most cases fissures are characterized by a sub vertical batice. It should<br />
be noted that the degree <strong>of</strong> development <strong>of</strong> fissures is rather uneven, <strong>of</strong> which the little<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>issures as well the large (from first centimeters to first ten meters) were morphologically<br />
observed.<br />
Flysch formations <strong>of</strong> Burkut nappe characterized by northern direction <strong>of</strong> the pressure axis<br />
<strong>with</strong> shifting and sliding type <strong>of</strong> the tension field determined. The frontal part <strong>of</strong> Burkut nappe<br />
characterised by movable and upthrust type <strong>with</strong> a clearly defined sliding component. Volcanic<br />
rocks <strong>of</strong> Trostyanets complex characterised by shifting and sliding tension type. The axis <strong>of</strong><br />
pressure is directed to the northeast.<br />
Analysis <strong>of</strong> the paleotension fields separately for sedimentary (flysch) and volcanogic<br />
formations <strong>of</strong> region we come to the conclusion, that lithological composition <strong>of</strong> the rocks<br />
does not have a clear influence on the direction <strong>of</strong> main axes <strong>of</strong> tension. Considerably more<br />
influence on the local fields <strong>of</strong> tensions has the distance to the front <strong>of</strong> thrust and availability<br />
<strong>of</strong> transversal faults <strong>of</strong> different order. The considerable diversion <strong>of</strong> main axes directions<br />
<strong>of</strong> the local fields tension is explained as the uneven distributing <strong>of</strong> paleotension during the<br />
overtrusting.<br />
The tectonophysical researches <strong>of</strong> Fore-Marmarosh nappes can largely shed light on the<br />
geodynamic evolution <strong>of</strong> the Eastern Carpathians as a whole.<br />
27-11 BTH 14 Talsma, Aedon S.<br />
CONSTRAINING ABSOLUTE PLATE MOTIONS WITH SUBDUCTED SLABS - LESSONS<br />
FROM THE AEGEAN TETHYS<br />
TALSMA, Aedon S. 1 , MÜLLER, Dietmar1 , SETON, Maria1 , BUNGE, Hans-Peter2 ,<br />
SCHUBERTH, Bernhard S.A. 3 , and SHEPHARD, Grace E. 1 , (1) School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09, Sydney, 2006, Australia, aedon.talsma@<br />
sydney.edu.au, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximillian<br />
University, Munich, 80333, Germany, (3) GéoAzur, Université de Nice, Valbonne, France<br />
Subduction <strong>of</strong> the ancient Tethys Ocean underneath the Eurasian margin is both complex<br />
and long-lived, <strong>of</strong>fering a unique insight into subduction history and absolute plate motion.<br />
Tomographically fast material inferred to represent subducted slabs is observable in multiple<br />
P- and S-wave models between depths <strong>of</strong> 1900-2150km. <strong>Geological</strong> evidence <strong>of</strong> the onset<br />
<strong>of</strong> this subduction is apparent in the Vardar ophiolite complex, which obducted between 166-<br />
176 Ma, linking the deep mantle <strong>with</strong> the surface in the geological past. This information <strong>of</strong>fers<br />
additional absolute plate motion constraints independent <strong>of</strong> hotspot and palaeomagnetic data,<br />
and combined <strong>with</strong> plate kinematic-mantle convection models provides us <strong>with</strong> the means<br />
to test alternative absolute reference frames. We connect a rheological model <strong>of</strong> the mantle,<br />
plate motions, and dynamic plate boundaries from three alternate absolute reference frames,<br />
including a published subduction reference frame, to test the implied subduction history against<br />
known mantle structure. We find that while none <strong>of</strong> the models reproduce the interpreted<br />
Aegean Tethys slab in the correct latitudinal position, the subduction reference frame approach<br />
based on aligning surface geological evidence <strong>of</strong> subduction above tomographically interpreted<br />
slabs better reproduces the longitudinal extent <strong>of</strong> Tethyan material beneath the southern<br />
Eurasian margin at mid mantle depths (~1000km). Furthermore, the subduction reference<br />
frame reproduces slabs globally at this depth, producing better fits than hybrid palaeomagnetic<br />
approaches in the Indian Tethys, East Australia, the Caribbean and North <strong>America</strong>, indicating<br />
that the longitudinal corrections <strong>of</strong> 2-4° at the corresponding time (40-50 Ma) are robust. At<br />
greater depths however, we find the longitudinal corrections <strong>of</strong> the subduction reference frame<br />
model to be too large, indicating that regional rather than global sinking rates, and iterative<br />
geodynamic models should be used to increase model robustness.<br />
A40 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
27-12 BTH 15 Meinhold, Guido<br />
PROVENANCE STUDIES IN NORTHERN GREECE<br />
MEINHOLD, Guido, Department <strong>of</strong> Sedimentology & Environmental Geology, Geoscience<br />
Center, University <strong>of</strong> Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, Goettingen, 37077, Germany,<br />
guido.meinhold@geo.uni-goettingen.de, FREI, Dirk, Central Analytical Facility &<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602,<br />
South Africa, and KOSTOPOULOS, Dimitrios, Department <strong>of</strong> Mineralogy and Petrology,<br />
National and Kapodistrian University <strong>of</strong> Athens, Panepistimioupoli, Zographou, Athens,<br />
15784, Greece<br />
The Internal Hellenides are part <strong>of</strong> the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt and attracted many<br />
geologists in recent times since the discovery <strong>of</strong> ultrahigh-pressure rocks in the Rhodope<br />
Massif about ten years ago. Much work has been done during the last decade to unravel<br />
the age and temperature/pressure history <strong>of</strong> the metamorphic rocks <strong>of</strong> the Rhodope Massif,<br />
which consists <strong>of</strong> two units: a lower tectonostratigraphic unit <strong>of</strong> Carboniferous–Permian age<br />
(Thracia Terrane) and an upper tectonostratigraphic unit <strong>of</strong> Jurassic–early Cretaceous age<br />
(Rhodope Terrane), separated by a suture zone. The adjacent unit to the west <strong>of</strong> the Rhodope<br />
Massif is the Serbo-Macedonian Massif, which comprises Palaeozoic metasedimentary and<br />
metaigneous rocks, intruded by Triassic rift-related granites. Further west and southwest<br />
follows the Vardar suture zone, including rocks <strong>of</strong> the controversial Circum-Rhodope Belt<br />
(CRB), which is the focus <strong>of</strong> this presentation. The tectonostratigraphic relationship between<br />
the CRB and the high-grade metamorphic rocks has been the subject <strong>of</strong> long discussions.<br />
The CRB comprises low-grade metamorphosed Triassic and Jurassic sedimentary rocks<br />
fringing the high-grade metamorphic rocks <strong>of</strong> the Serbo-Macedonian and Rhodope massives<br />
in northern Greece. Main outcrops are found in the easternmost part <strong>of</strong> the Vardar suture zone<br />
in the Chalkidiki peninsula (Melissochori Formation; formerly Svoula flysch) and in Thrace<br />
(Makri Unit and Melia Formation). Studying the age and provenance <strong>of</strong> these sediments is<br />
important for understanding the palaeotectonic history <strong>of</strong> the Vardar Zone (including the CRB)<br />
since the sediments there record a Neotethyan cycle <strong>of</strong> ocean basin opening and closure.<br />
Novel geochemical and isotopic data allow a critical re-evaluation <strong>of</strong> these sediments <strong>with</strong><br />
regard to their age, provenance and geotectonic setting. The rocks record earliest Mesozoic<br />
intracontinental rifting followed by Early Jurassic rifting and opening <strong>of</strong> a Neotethyan ocean<br />
branch, Middle–Jurassic intraoceanic subduction and attendant volcanic-arc magmatism<br />
and ophiolite obduction leading to final ocean basin closure. Polyphase tectonics and<br />
metamorphism complicate palinspastic reconstructions.<br />
27-13 BTH 16 Ehrhardt, Axel<br />
IMPLICATIONS OF THE CONTINENT-CONTINENT COLLISION BETWEEN THE<br />
ERATOSTHENES SEAMOUNT AND CYPRUS<br />
EHRHARDT, Axel1 , HÜBSCHER, Christian2 , SCHNABEL, Michael1 , and DAMM, Volkmar1 ,<br />
(1) Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe, Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655,<br />
Germany, Axel.Ehrhardt@bgr.de, (2) Institute for Geophysics, University <strong>of</strong> Hamburg,<br />
Bundesstrasse 55, Hamburg, D-20146, Germany<br />
The Eratosthenes Seamount (ESM) is located in the Eastern Mediterranean south <strong>of</strong> Cyprus.<br />
It is considered to represent a continental fragment <strong>of</strong> the former African-Arabian continental<br />
margin. In the late Miocene the subduction <strong>of</strong> the African-Arabian Plate below the Anatolian<br />
Plate turned to continent-continent collision when the ESM collided <strong>with</strong> the island <strong>of</strong> Cyprus.<br />
This altered the tectonic pattern <strong>of</strong> the entire Eastern Mediterranean. Since the ESM blocks<br />
the northward drift <strong>of</strong> the African Plate south <strong>of</strong> Cyprus, wrench faults have to compensate<br />
the ongoing the northward motion <strong>of</strong> the African-Arabian Plate (around 1cm/year). The Baltim<br />
Hecateus Line (BHL) separates the ESM on its eastern side from the deep Levantine Basin.<br />
The BHL belongs to a set <strong>of</strong> extensional fault systems that were formed during the Triassic<br />
formation <strong>of</strong> the Levantine Basin.<br />
A set <strong>of</strong> recent multichannel seismic 2D lines (MCS), acquired <strong>with</strong> the R/V Maria S. Merian<br />
(MSM14-2) in 2010, will be presented here. The NW-SE trending lines show a transformal to<br />
transpressional nature <strong>of</strong> the Baltim Hecateus Line and North <strong>of</strong> the Eratosthenes Seamount<br />
compressional structures are imaged. We propose that the BHL was reactivated as a transform<br />
fault during the incipient collision <strong>of</strong> the ESM <strong>with</strong> the island <strong>of</strong> Cyprus in order to compensate<br />
the northward motion <strong>of</strong> the African-Arabian Plate. At the eastern rim <strong>of</strong> the ESM the BHL<br />
coincides <strong>with</strong> a prominent bathymetric escarpment.<br />
27-14 BTH 17 Spurlock, Stuart<br />
REMNANTS OF THE ARABIAN-NUBIAN SHIELD IN PERMOTRIASSIC SEDIMENTS OF<br />
CRETE: CONSTRAINTS FROM U-PB ZIRCON AGES OF PROTEROZOIC GRANITOIDS<br />
SPURLOCK, Stuart, DÖRR, Wolfgang, and ZULAUF, Gernold, Goethe Universität,<br />
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt a.M, 60438, Germany,<br />
fishersp@stud.uni-frankfurt.de<br />
The nappe stack <strong>of</strong> Crete is the result <strong>of</strong> southward accretion <strong>of</strong> basement and cover rocks<br />
during the Alpine orogenic cycle. The basement complexes <strong>of</strong> Crete provide not only insight<br />
concerning the Alpidic event, but also help to decipher Hercynian and Pan-African geodynamic<br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> the Mediterranean. A beachside outcrop east <strong>of</strong> Sitia in eastern Crete exposes<br />
an imposing felsic orthogneiss-olistolith suspended in meta-tuffites <strong>of</strong> the Permotriassic<br />
Chamezi Beds (Tyros Unit). Although the contact between the Tyros Unit and the underlying<br />
Pre-Alpine Basement Unit is tectonic, it is likely that andesitic magmas and pyroclastics <strong>of</strong><br />
the Chamezi Beds were originally deposited atop the basement unit. U-Pb ID-TIMS analyses<br />
<strong>of</strong> zircon originating from the orthogneiss-olistolith deliver a protolith age <strong>of</strong> 600±7 Ma, as<br />
well as inherited ages at 674±17, 720±2.5, and 2038±28 Ma. 600±7 Ma is an age <strong>of</strong> great<br />
significance for eastern Mediterranean geology: it is the first Pan-African granitoid to be dated<br />
in Crete. Recent age constraints for granitoids <strong>of</strong> the Arabian-Nubian Shield in Aswan, SE<br />
Egypt fit perfectly <strong>with</strong> the analyses conducted. The Aswan Monumental Granite reveals a<br />
protolith age <strong>of</strong> 605.9 ± 2.2 Ma (U-Pb zircon, Finger et al., 2008). These ages pre-date the<br />
Cambrian basement <strong>of</strong> eastern Crete. Along <strong>with</strong> previous data concerning distribution <strong>of</strong><br />
detrital and inherited zircons in eastern Mediterranean crystalline complexes, existing models<br />
<strong>of</strong> Mediterranean geodynamic evolution have been refined. The Neoproterozoic orthogneissolistolith<br />
presents the long sought pro<strong>of</strong> that the Minoan Terranes not only once constituted<br />
a coherent unit <strong>with</strong> Gondwana, but have also not drifted far since then. The presence <strong>of</strong><br />
Proterozoic basement in the Permotriassic Chamezi Beds proves that Gondwana and the<br />
Minoan Terrane Cimmeria were in contact during deposition.<br />
FINGER, F., DÖRR, W, GERDES, A., GHARIB, M., DAWOUD, M., (2008) U-Pb zircon ages<br />
and geochemical data for the Monumental Granite and other granitoid rocks from Aswan,<br />
Egypt: implications for the geological evolution <strong>of</strong> the western margin <strong>of</strong> the Arabian Nubian<br />
Shield. – Mineral. Petrol., Springer.
27-15 BTH 18 Zulauf, Gernold<br />
CARBONIFEROUS TO TRIASSIC FELSIC MAGMATISM IN THE EXTERNAL HELLENIDES<br />
OF CRETE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE PRE-ALPINE OROGENY AND<br />
PALEOGEOGRAPHY IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN<br />
ZULAUF, Gernold 1 , DÖRR, Wolfgang 1 , and KRAHL, Jochen 2 , (1) Goethe Universität,<br />
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt a.M, 60438, Germany,<br />
g.zulauf@em.uni-frankfurt.de, (2) Agnesstr. 45, München, 80798<br />
In late Paleozoic/early Mesozoic times the Paleotethys was forming a highly mobile oceanic<br />
ream that was pinching into the supercontinent Pangea separating Gondwana from Eurasia.<br />
Progressive subduction <strong>of</strong> oceanic lithosphere and collision <strong>of</strong> intervening microplates led<br />
to the closure <strong>of</strong> the Paleotethys, whereas rifting caused the opening <strong>of</strong> the Neotethys. The<br />
role <strong>of</strong> the External Hellenides inside this collision vs. rifting scenario is currently highly<br />
debatable. Evidence for Carboniferous and Permian crustal stacking and related Barroviantype<br />
metamorphism is given by U-Th-Pb ages <strong>of</strong> metamorphic monazites, separated from<br />
pre-Alpine basement exposed on Crete (ca. 330 and ca. 260 Ma). We present new U-Pb TIMS<br />
zircon ages <strong>of</strong> felsic gneisses which yield additional constraints on the timing <strong>of</strong> orogenic<br />
activity in the External Hellenides.<br />
A metaryolithe <strong>of</strong> the Rogdia beds <strong>of</strong> the Talea Ori <strong>of</strong> central Crete yielded a concordant age<br />
at 300.3 ±0.9 Ma interpreted as emplacement age. Inherited zircons yielded concordant ages<br />
at ca. 305 and ca. 336 Ma.<br />
A rhyolite pebble in a metaconglomerate <strong>of</strong> the lowermost Achlada beds <strong>of</strong> the Talea Ori<br />
yielded a concordant age at 242 ±1.6 Ma.<br />
A felsic gneiss pebble from a metaconglomerate <strong>of</strong> the Tyros Unit <strong>of</strong> eastern Crete (Chamezi<br />
beds) yielded a concordant age at 290.7 ±2.0.<br />
A rhyolite layer inside Carnian sediments <strong>of</strong> the Tyros unit (Toplou beds), yielded a<br />
concordant age at 228 ±1.7 Ma which is interpreted as the emplacement age. Inherited zircons<br />
yielded concordant ages at 307.4 ±1.2 and 361.2 ±1.2 Ma.<br />
The new ages determined from felsic gneisses <strong>of</strong> Crete, together <strong>with</strong> published<br />
emplacement ages obtained from metagranitoids <strong>of</strong> Kithira, suggest continuous magmatic<br />
activity from late Devonian to middle Triassic times. Triassic orogenic activity and related<br />
exhumation <strong>of</strong> deep-seated basement is also indicated by (1) Proterozoic (meta)granitoid<br />
pebbles in the Tyros unit, (2) Middle Triassic 39Ar-40Ar cooling ages <strong>of</strong> white mica <strong>of</strong> basement<br />
gneisses, and (3) a Middle Triassic gap in sedimentation <strong>of</strong> the Tyros unit.<br />
The new emplacement ages as well as the inherited Upper Devonian age are similar to<br />
emplacement and inherited ages determined from felsic gneisses <strong>of</strong> the Pelagonian unit<br />
suggesting that both units have a close relation in late Paleozoic/early Mesozoic times.<br />
SESSION NO. 28, 08:30<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T3C. Dynamic Impact Cratering in Nature,<br />
Experiment, and Model (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P4 (D183, Thomas Mann Halle, 1st floor)<br />
28-1 BTH 1 Melero Asensio, Irene<br />
GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY OF THE PROPOSED MÅLINGEN MARINE-TARGET CRATER,<br />
SWEDEN<br />
MELERO ASENSIO, Irene, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Centro de<br />
Astrobiología, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, 28850, Spain, meleroai@cab.inta-csic.<br />
es, ORMÖ, Jens, Centro de Astrobiologia, Torrejon de Ardoz, 28850, Spain, and<br />
STURKELL, Erik, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Gothenburg, Gothenburg,<br />
40530, Sweden<br />
Målingen is a 1km wide circular structure situated about 15km to SW <strong>of</strong> the similar age, 8km<br />
wide Lockne impact crater, Sweden. At the time <strong>of</strong> the Lockne impact the area was covered by<br />
a >500m deep sea. Sedimentary breccias occur in the central parts <strong>of</strong> the Malingen structure in<br />
both outcrop and drill core and show similarities to the resurge deposits at Lockne. The ongoing<br />
Geophysical survey will provide data for a geophysical modeling that will aid the geological<br />
studies to determine the dimensions and shape <strong>of</strong> the Målingen structure. In turn, the<br />
geophysical/geological models will be used as constrains for numerical simulations to evaluate<br />
the potential impact formation <strong>of</strong> this structure and its relation <strong>with</strong> the Lockne impact crater.<br />
The ongoing geophysical survey comprises gravity and magnetic measurements <strong>with</strong><br />
portable field equipment (i.e. gravimeter and proton magnetometer). They are complemented<br />
<strong>with</strong> geological mapping, a core drilling to 149m depth at the center <strong>of</strong> the structure, detailed<br />
leveling, and lab/field susceptibility measurements <strong>of</strong> lithologies in outcrops and drillcore. The<br />
gravity data were obtained along two roads crudely oriented N-S and E-W intersecting the<br />
apparent center <strong>of</strong> the structure. The resulting Bouguer anomaly map shows a general gravity<br />
low over the interior <strong>of</strong> the structure as well as a concentric pattern <strong>of</strong> weak lows outside the<br />
apparent topographical rim. The magnetic survey covers the whole structure and extends to a<br />
distance <strong>of</strong> about one diameter outside the apparent rim where the terrain allows it. Similarly<br />
to the gravity data there appears a concentric pattern <strong>of</strong> low magnetic anomalies at some<br />
distance outside the topographic rim.<br />
The gravity low over the interior <strong>of</strong> the structure and low magnetic anomalies are consistent<br />
<strong>with</strong> the magnetic and gravity signature <strong>of</strong> bowl shaped, simple impact craters described in<br />
literature. The distribution <strong>of</strong> the low anomalies from the gravity and magnetic surveys suggest<br />
a circular disturbance zone larger than the apparent structure, possibly due to fracturing. The<br />
concentric pattern may be a consequence <strong>of</strong> the putative impact occurring at relatively deep<br />
water, thus obtaining a point <strong>of</strong> explosion at relatively higher level in the target than at an equal<br />
sized land-target crater.<br />
28-2 BTH 2 Kenkmann, Thomas<br />
GEOLOGY OF THE COMPLEX IMPACT STRUCTURE SERRA DA CANGALHA, BRAZIL<br />
KENKMANN, Thomas, Institut fuer Geowissenschaften - Geologie, Albert-Ludwigs-<br />
Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 23b, Freiburg, 79104, Germany, thomas.kenkmann@<br />
geologie.uni-freiburg.de, VASCONCELOS, Marcos A.R., Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil, CROSTA, Alvaro P., Geology and<br />
Natural Resources, Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Campinas, PO Box 6152,<br />
Campinas, 13081-970, Brazil, and REIMOLD, Wolf Uwe, Mineralogie, Museum für<br />
Naturkunde - Leibniz-Institute at Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, Berlin,<br />
10115, Germany<br />
Serra da Cangalha is a complex impact structure <strong>with</strong> a crater diameter <strong>of</strong> 13,700 m and a<br />
central uplift diameter <strong>of</strong> 5,800 m, situated at the border between Tocantins and Maranhao<br />
states <strong>of</strong> Brazil (centered at 8°05’S/46°52’W). New findings <strong>of</strong> shatter cones, planar fractures,<br />
feather features, and possible planar deformation features are presented. Several ring-like<br />
features that are visible on remote sensing imagery are caused by selective erosion <strong>of</strong> tilted<br />
SESSION NO. 28<br />
strata. The target at Serra da Cangalha is composed <strong>of</strong> Devonian to Permian sedimentary<br />
rocks, mainly sandstones that are interlayered <strong>with</strong> siltstone and claystones. NNE-SSW and<br />
WNW-ESE striking joint sets were present prior to the impact and also overprinted the structure<br />
after its formation. As preferred zones <strong>of</strong> weakness, these joint sets partly controlled the<br />
shape <strong>of</strong> the outer perimeter <strong>of</strong> the structure and, in particular, affected the deformation <strong>with</strong>in<br />
the central uplift. Joints in radial orientation to the impact center did not undergo a change<br />
in orientation during tilting <strong>of</strong> strata when the central uplift formed. These planes were used<br />
as major displacement zones. The asymmetry <strong>of</strong> the central uplift, <strong>with</strong> preferred overturning<br />
<strong>of</strong> strata in the northern to western sector, may suggest a moderately oblique impact from a<br />
southerly direction. Buckle folding <strong>of</strong> tilted strata, as well as strata overturning, indicates that<br />
the central uplift became gravitationally unstable at the end <strong>of</strong> crater formation. We roughly<br />
estimate ~500 m <strong>of</strong> erosion since the time <strong>of</strong> impact. This estimate is based on the preserved<br />
shock features in the central uplift that suggest peak shock pressures <strong>of</strong> not more than 10 GPa,<br />
and the apparent lack <strong>of</strong> allochthonous breccias fill in the crater moat. If the estimate <strong>of</strong> erosion<br />
is correct, the original crater diameter would have been 14-14.5 km.<br />
28-3 BTH 3 Arp, Gernot<br />
NEW EVIDENCE FOR IMPACT-INDUCED HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY IN THE MIOCENE<br />
RIES IMPACT CRATER, GERMANY<br />
ARP, Gernot1 , KOLEPKA, Claudia1 , SIMON, Klaus2 , KARIUS, Volker3 , JUNG, Dietmar4 ,<br />
NOLTE, Nicole5 , and HANSEN, Bent T. 5 , (1) Georg-August-Universität Göttingen,<br />
Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Abt. Geobiologie, Goldschmidtstraße 3, Göttingen,<br />
D-37077, Germany, garp@gwdg.de, (2) Georg-August-Universität Göttingen,<br />
Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Abt. Geochemie, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen,<br />
D-37077, Germany, (3) Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches<br />
Zentrum, Abt. Sedimentologie, Goldschmidtstraße 3, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany,<br />
(4) Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Geologischer Dienst, Hans-Högn-Straße 12, H<strong>of</strong>/<br />
Saale, 95030, Germany, (5) Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches<br />
Zentrum, Abt. Isotopengeologie, Goldschmidtstraße 3, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany<br />
Post-impact hydrothermal activity has been reported from a number <strong>of</strong> terrestrial impact<br />
craters, from large impact structures 200-250 km in diameter to smaller craters only 1.8 km<br />
in diameter. Nonetheless, hydrothermal activity in the 24 km-sized Ries Impact Crater, one<br />
<strong>of</strong> the best investigated impact structures on Earth, has poorly been constrained. To date,<br />
mineralogical investigations point to a restriction <strong>of</strong> hydrothermal activity to the impact-melt<br />
bearing breccia, i.e. the crater-fill suevite. The formation <strong>of</strong> hydrous clay minerals in the fallout<br />
suevite, previously assigned to hydrothermal alteration, however, can alternatively be explained<br />
by late meteoric diagenesis. Here, we present new petrographic and geochemical data that<br />
indicate a post-impact hydrothermal activity in the Ries basin more extended than previously<br />
assumed. Specifically, carbonates <strong>of</strong> the Erbisberg, a spring mound located upon the Inner<br />
Crystalline Ring <strong>of</strong> the crater, shows streamer carbonates and cement crust stromatolites<br />
not seen in any <strong>of</strong> the previously investigated sublacustrine soda lake spring mounds <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ries basin. Indeed, the fabric <strong>of</strong> the streamer carbonates, composed <strong>of</strong> subhorizontal slightly<br />
undulating tubes encrusted by dendroid arrays <strong>of</strong> calcite crystals, is almost identical to presentday<br />
streamer carbonates <strong>of</strong> hydrothermal springs. With respect to REE pattern, cement crust<br />
stromatolites show flat pattern, while streamer carbonates either were enriched in HREE due<br />
to diagenetic dissolution and reprecipitation, or exhibited flat REE pattern <strong>with</strong> a minor positive<br />
Eu anomaly. A post-impact calcite vein from brecciated gneiss <strong>of</strong> the subsurface crater floor<br />
finally revealed a flat REE pattern <strong>with</strong> a clear positive Eu-anomaly, considered to indicate<br />
hydrothermal remobilisation <strong>of</strong> Eu2+ from plagioclase. The chemostratigraphic position <strong>of</strong> the<br />
travertine mound, as indicated by 87Sr/ 86Sr values <strong>of</strong> mound margin carbonates <strong>with</strong> lacustrine<br />
components, suggests that the mound was active during deposition <strong>of</strong> the laminite unit <strong>of</strong><br />
the basinal succession, i.e., at least several thousands <strong>of</strong> years after the impact event. A<br />
65-m-deep research drilling in May 2011 by the Bavarian <strong>Geological</strong> Survey now provides the<br />
possibility to investigate hydrothermal and microbial signatures from the crystalline basement<br />
throughout the travertine mound.<br />
28-4 BTH 4 Prescher, C.<br />
SHOCK EXPERIMENTS ON ANHYDRITE AND NEW CONSTRAINTS ON THE IMPACT-<br />
INDUCED SOX RELEASE AT THE K-PG BOUNDARY<br />
PRESCHER, C., Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95440,<br />
Germany, Clemens.Prescher@Uni-Bayreuth.de, LANGENHORST, Falko, Institut für<br />
Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Burgweg 11, Jena, D-07749 Jena,<br />
Germany, DEUTSCH, Alex, Institut f. Planetologie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-<br />
Str. 10, Muenster, D-48149, Germany, and HORNEMANN, Ulrich, Ernst-Mach-Institut,<br />
Am Klingelberg 1, Efringen-Kirchen, 79588, Germany<br />
In context <strong>of</strong> the ~190-km-seized Chicxulub impact crater, the “smoking gun <strong>of</strong> the K-Pg<br />
mass extinction”, large amounts <strong>of</strong> CO2 and SOX were presumably released from the more<br />
than 3-km-thick platform sediments that formed the upper part <strong>of</strong> the target. The instantaneous<br />
input <strong>of</strong> these gaseous species likely changed composition and radiative balance <strong>of</strong><br />
at-mosphere and climate at the K-Pg boundary. Published values for the actual re-leased<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> these gases vary by several orders <strong>of</strong> magnitude (see compilation in Agrinier et al.<br />
2001, Ivanov and Deutsch 2002), mainly due to problems in constructing equations <strong>of</strong> state<br />
(EOS) and phase diagrams relevant for shock compression and unloading <strong>of</strong> the phases <strong>of</strong><br />
interest as well as due to limitations in experiments.<br />
In this context, we have performed six shock experiments at nominal peak shock pressures<br />
<strong>of</strong> 12.5, 20, 33, 46.5, 64, and 85 GPa using polycrystalline anhydrite discs embedded in<br />
ARMCO-Fe sample containers and the shock reverberation technique. The recovered samples<br />
were analysed by means <strong>of</strong> X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy<br />
(TEM). The X-ray diffraction patterns recorded on all samples are compatible <strong>with</strong> the anhydrite<br />
structure; extra-peaks have not been observed. Peak intensities decrease and peak broadening<br />
increases progressively in the pressure range from 0 to 46.5 GPa. At higher pressures, peak<br />
broadening diminishes and the X-ray diffraction pattern <strong>of</strong> the 85 GPa sample resembles<br />
essentially that <strong>of</strong> unshocked, well-crystallized anhydrite. Related structural changes at<br />
the nanoscale include in the pressure regime up to 20 GPa “cold” deformation phenomena<br />
such as cracks and deformation twins. Dislocation density increases up to 33 GPa and the<br />
strain increases up to 46.5 GPa. In the pressure range from 46.5 to 85 GPa high post-shock<br />
temperatures yielded annealing <strong>of</strong> the deformation features. Increasing density and size <strong>of</strong><br />
voids in the anhydrite samples shocked at 64 and 85 GPa indicate partial decomposition <strong>of</strong><br />
anhydrite. Recalculation <strong>of</strong> the peak-shock pressure in the experiments to a more realistic<br />
natural loading path indicates the onset <strong>of</strong> degassing <strong>of</strong> anhydrite in the pressure range <strong>of</strong> 30<br />
to 41 GPa.<br />
28-5 BTH 5 Poelchau, Michael H.<br />
FEATHER FEATURES IN QUARTZ: STRUCTURAL AND TEXTURAL INSIGHTS FROM FIRST<br />
TEM AND EBSD MEASUREMENTS<br />
POELCHAU, Michael H., TRULLENQUE, Ghislain, and KENKMANN, Thomas, <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Alberstraße 23b, Freiburg, 79104,<br />
Germany, michael.poelchau@geologie.uni-freiburg.de<br />
Feather features (FFs) are a recently discovered deformational feature in quartz that has been<br />
found in 26 confirmed impact craters so far. FFs consist <strong>of</strong> a main planar fracture (PF) that<br />
Munich, Germany A41<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 28<br />
has been sheared during shock compression and from which short, parallel lamellae emanate<br />
in one direction, typically at an angle <strong>of</strong> 50-60°. Analysis <strong>of</strong> multiple sets <strong>of</strong> FFs in natural<br />
samples shows that all FF lamellae <strong>with</strong>in a sample trend in roughly the same direction, while<br />
the sheared PFs form conjugate sets at ~90° angles. The principal axis <strong>of</strong> stress <strong>of</strong> the shock<br />
wave is therefore assumed to lie at a 45° angle to the conjugate sets and parallel to the FF<br />
lamellae. Thus FFs can be used as indicators for the orientation <strong>of</strong> differential stress <strong>with</strong>in the<br />
shock wave.<br />
Although the generation <strong>of</strong> FFs as a shear-induced structure is clear in principle, details<br />
<strong>of</strong> their formation are not yet completely understood. Specifically, the quartz grain’s lattice is<br />
commonly distorted near the shear fracture, visible as an undulatory extinction pattern under<br />
the microscope. In conventional structural geology, the orientation <strong>of</strong> this lattice distortion forms<br />
as the result <strong>of</strong> “dragging” <strong>of</strong> material along the shear plane. Surprisingly, FFs show the exact<br />
opposite orientation.<br />
EBSD measurements are currently being performed on FFs to analyze lattice deformation<br />
at a high resolution. Based on these initial results, we suggest that lattice deformation along<br />
the PF is caused by elastic lattice strain accumulated during shearing in the shock wave,<br />
which is then rapidly released during unloading, resulting in the opening <strong>of</strong> the FF lamellae<br />
as extensional fractures (mode I) while rotating the lattice between two individual lamellae,<br />
causing additional mode II in-plane shear along the lamellae and resulting in a distortion<br />
pattern visible in EBSD measurements. Preliminary TEM analyses show that the junctions <strong>of</strong><br />
the FF lamellae <strong>with</strong> the PF are filled <strong>with</strong> vesicular amorphous material. Further EBSD and<br />
TEM work is planned to give more detailed insights into the kinematics <strong>of</strong> dynamic fracturing<br />
and shearing. A deeper understanding <strong>of</strong> this process can potentially be used to constrain<br />
and differentiate fracturing mechanisms in shock waves from fracturing in lower-dynamic,<br />
tectonic regimes.<br />
28-6 BTH 6 Grokhovsky, Victor<br />
THE FAILURE OF METEORITES IN IMPACT TESTS: THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURE AND<br />
TEMPERATURE<br />
GROKHOVSKY, Victor1 , GLADKOVSKY, Sergey2 , KOZLOVSKIKH, Ekaterina1 ,<br />
and PYATKOV, Anton1 , (1) Physico-Technical, Ural Federal University, Mira St, 19,<br />
Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia, grokh47@mail.ru, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Engineering Science <strong>of</strong><br />
the Ural Branch <strong>of</strong> RAS, Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russia<br />
There are few data about mechanical properties and behavior <strong>of</strong> meteoroids under shock load,<br />
yet these properties are crucial to understanding how to deal <strong>with</strong> asteroidal and cometary<br />
threat. In addition meteoroids were loaded dynamically during mutual impact action, interaction<br />
<strong>with</strong> atmosphere and earth surface. However, previously the majority <strong>of</strong> strength data were<br />
obtained from compressive tests while only few experimental results in this field were related<br />
to tensile tests. In this work we present the numerical results on impact strength and crack<br />
propagation resistance <strong>of</strong> both different meteoritic materials and ice.<br />
Dynamic tests were performed using instrumented Tinius Olsen IT542 impact test machine<br />
at 300–77 K. Samples were prepared from monocrystalline and polycrystalline fragments <strong>of</strong><br />
octahedrite Sikhote-Alin IIAB, impact-reheated meteorite Dronino (Iron-ung), ataxite Chinga<br />
IVB, chondrite Tsarev L5 and ice. SEM JEOL JSM-66490LV and TESCAN VEGA were used for<br />
fracture surface analysis <strong>of</strong> studied fragments. The SEM pictures were quantitatively processed<br />
using image analysis system SIAMS 700.<br />
The highest values <strong>of</strong> impact strength (2210 kJ/m2 and 2070 kJ/m2 ) and maximum <strong>of</strong><br />
crack propagation energy were obtained for Chinga and Dronino iron meteorites which had<br />
submicroscopical (α+α +γ) and duplex (α+α ) structures, respectively. Decrease <strong>of</strong> the test<br />
2 2<br />
temperature down to 77 K led to decrease <strong>of</strong> impact strength values down to 47 kJ/m2 for<br />
Dronino and 1170 kJ/m2 for Chinga meteorites. Monocrystalline Sikhote-Alin meteorite samples<br />
demonstrated brittle transcrystalline fracture surface mode while polycrystalline Sikhote-Alin<br />
samples were characterized by intercrystalline fracture mechanism. In this case fracture<br />
energy was less than that for Tsarev L5 chondrite. The performed study clears up that the<br />
process <strong>of</strong> meteoritic materials failure is strongly affected by their chemical composition, type<br />
<strong>of</strong> microstructure and test temperature. It may be a result <strong>of</strong> different values <strong>of</strong> impact strength,<br />
impact testing parameters (ratio <strong>of</strong> crack initiation, propagation and total fracture energy) along<br />
the side <strong>with</strong> fracture mechanism transfer from ductile to brittle transcrystalline mode. This work<br />
was supported in part by the RFBR grant No 10-05-96047-r-ural-à.<br />
SESSION NO. 29, 08:30<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T3D. Induced Seismicity – From Observation to<br />
Geomechanical Understanding (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
29-1 BTH 27 Chernyavski, Vladimir M.<br />
MODELING OF THE TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF EFFECTIVE STRESS, PORE PRESSURE,<br />
COMPACTION, FILTRATION, AND GROWING OF GAS HYDRATES IN THE CASE OF<br />
THE SEQUENTIAL ACCUMULATION OF SEDIMENTARY LAYERS WITH DIFFERENT<br />
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES<br />
CHERNYAVSKI, Vladimir M., Institute <strong>of</strong> Mechanics, Lomonosov Moscow State University,<br />
Michurinskii pr. 1, Moscow, 119192, Russia, vcherniavski@gmail.com and SUETNOVA,<br />
Elena I., Institute <strong>of</strong> Physics <strong>of</strong> the Earth, Russian Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences, B. Gruzinskaya<br />
10, IFZ, Moscow, 123995, Russia<br />
The processes <strong>of</strong> the evolutions <strong>of</strong> the effective stress, compaction, and fluid and gas filtrations<br />
in the permeable sedimentary rocks during their sequential accumulation are described in the<br />
frame <strong>of</strong> a poro-visco-elastic (Maxwell-type) constitutive law. But such a process is disturbed<br />
by the precipitation and accumulations <strong>of</strong> a species in its P-T stability zones. This processes<br />
lead to decreasing <strong>of</strong> porosity and permeability. Mathematical model <strong>of</strong> coupled processes<br />
<strong>of</strong> sediment compaction, pore fluid and gas migration and pore feeling by precipitation is<br />
developed.<br />
Mathematical formulation <strong>of</strong> physical problem <strong>of</strong> low-viscosity fluid- gas flow in a deformable<br />
poro-visco-elastic matrix <strong>with</strong> moving boundary consists <strong>of</strong> the system <strong>of</strong> nonlinear partial<br />
differential equations <strong>with</strong> appropriate boundary conditions. Because the permeability<br />
nonlinearly depends upon porosity, and the effective pressure gradient is interrelated <strong>with</strong><br />
deformation <strong>of</strong> sediment matrix under the loading, the dynamic <strong>of</strong> fluid is controlled by the<br />
behavior <strong>of</strong> deformable matrix.<br />
Calculations <strong>with</strong> parameters that are <strong>with</strong>in the framework <strong>of</strong> the available geophysical data<br />
show that the accumulation <strong>of</strong> sedimentary layers <strong>with</strong> a permeability or viscosity differing from<br />
that <strong>of</strong> the main basin fill leads <strong>with</strong> time to the formation, deep <strong>with</strong>in the basin, <strong>of</strong> layers that<br />
have a higher porosity and a different overhydrostatic pore pressure as compared <strong>with</strong> the<br />
surrounding layers. The lower-viscosity layer <strong>of</strong> sediment is compacted more rapidly, thereby<br />
creating an obstacle for the pore fluid and gas motion toward the surface. Subsequently, as the<br />
A42 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
overlying sedimentary layers accumulate, the compaction process leads to the formation <strong>of</strong> two<br />
zones above and below the lower-viscosity layer, in each <strong>of</strong> which the porosity decrease <strong>with</strong><br />
increasing depth becomes more pronounced <strong>with</strong> time. The pore pressure in the lower zone<br />
increases more rapidly than in the upper one due to a rapid porosity decrease in the lowerviscosity<br />
layer. On model examples shown as a sequential accumulation <strong>of</strong> porous sediments<br />
<strong>with</strong> different viscosity quantitatively affects on the evolution and contemporary values <strong>of</strong><br />
effective stress, pore pressure, fluid and gas filtration and accumulation <strong>of</strong> gas hydrates in<br />
the pores.<br />
29-2 BTH 28 Eckert, Andreas<br />
CO2 INJECTION IN ANTICLINE RESERVOIRS: STRUCTURAL INFLUENCES ON MAXIMUM<br />
SUSTAINABLE PORE PRESSURE AND SEISMICITY RELATED TO FAULT REACTIVATION<br />
ECKERT, Andreas, PARADEIS, Matthew, and AMIRLATIFI, Amin, Petroleum Engineering,<br />
Missouri University <strong>of</strong> Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, eckertan@mst.edu<br />
Anticline structures are one <strong>of</strong> the most common structural traps for hydrocarbon reservoirs<br />
and are thus becoming prime targets for geologic CO sequestration into saline formations.<br />
2<br />
The injection <strong>of</strong> CO into geologic formations increases the formation pore pressure and<br />
2<br />
induces geomechanical risks such as fracture reactivation or the generation <strong>of</strong> new fractures.<br />
This will result in seismicity and lastly generate preferred fluid flow pathways along which<br />
dissolved CO may escape into the atmosphere. In order to assess these geomechanical risks<br />
2<br />
a thorough simulation coupling fluid flow through porous media and geomechanics <strong>of</strong> a realistic<br />
representation <strong>of</strong> the formation <strong>of</strong> interest is required.<br />
In this study we use a one-way coupling approach transferring pore pressure results<br />
from a reservoir simulator to geomechanical models using finite element analysis. From<br />
the mechanical finite element models, we initially determine the maximum sustainable pore<br />
pressure before CO injection. Our geomechanical models show that structural parameters<br />
2<br />
such as anticline amplitude and wavelength, layer thickness and intra-bedding friction under<br />
various stress regimes have a significant impact on the maximum sustainable pore pressure in<br />
the reservoir.<br />
After injection we study the spatial and temporal CO plume evolution in the reservoir<br />
2<br />
and transfer the resulting pore pressures back to the geomechanical models. We include a<br />
preferably oriented fault in the model and propose 2 procedures to simulate fault reactivation.<br />
Our models show that CO induced pore pressure increase can trigger reactivation <strong>of</strong> pre-<br />
2<br />
existing structures and based on the resulting fault slip the resulting seismic magnitudes can<br />
be estimated.<br />
29-3 BTH 29 López, Allan<br />
TRIGGERED SEISMICITY EXPECTED IN HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS CLOSE TO THE<br />
SUBDUCTION ZONE IN COSTA RICA<br />
LÓPEZ, Allan, Engineering Geology, I.C.E, UEN PYSA, Sabana Norte, San Josè 1000<br />
Costa Rica, alopezs@ice.go.cr<br />
The tectonic stress field imparted by the subducting Cocos plate on the Caribbean plate along<br />
the central pacific region in southern Costa Rica and the changes in the associated fluid<br />
pressure and friction during impoundment and drawdown <strong>of</strong> hydropower reservoirs, determine<br />
the reactivation <strong>of</strong> faults and pre-existing discontinuities and the formation <strong>of</strong> new ones. The<br />
geomechanical attributes <strong>of</strong> the present day stress field, the rockmass properties and the ways<br />
in which they are combined according to the local and regional geological structure, lithology<br />
and rock matrix in association <strong>with</strong> the prevailing tectonic regimes, control the likelihood <strong>of</strong><br />
fault reactivation. Some variables such as impoundment-drawdown rates and speeds can be<br />
modified, but it can not be done for the subduction related and background seismicity. In this<br />
context adequate modeling <strong>of</strong> the reactivation must take into consideration the stress and fluid<br />
pressures required to start the hydr<strong>of</strong>racturing, opening and sliping <strong>of</strong> faults networks.<br />
In one <strong>of</strong> the analyzed cases in a reservoir <strong>with</strong> a maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 162 meters in Tertiary<br />
turbidites crosscrossed by NW dextral active faults and reverse NWW structures <strong>with</strong>in a stress<br />
field <strong>with</strong> a subhorizontal σ trending towards N22°E, the hydr<strong>of</strong>racturing must be at least 9.<br />
1<br />
02652e + 006 Pa to start and 4. 82652e + 006 Pa to open the existing faults. The Slip Tendency<br />
analysis indicates that only the reverse faults dipping less than 15 ° are prone to reactivate<br />
under the stated conditions while the dextral shears shall move when their strikes are in the<br />
range <strong>of</strong> N40°W to N10°E. The sensitivity <strong>of</strong> these variables in a scenario <strong>with</strong> a major seismic<br />
event has been shaped by a Coulomb Stress Failure modeling, which indicated that the stress<br />
transfer induced by a maximum credible Mw 6,5 earthquake <strong>with</strong> inverse geometry and 30%<br />
<strong>of</strong> dextral component would not increase the seismic hazard at any depth in the area <strong>of</strong> direct<br />
influence <strong>of</strong> the reservoir.<br />
29-4 BTH 30 Haghi, Amir Hossein<br />
EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESERVOIR FLUID FLOW EFFECT ON FIELD<br />
STRESS; A NEW APPROACH TO ALLEVIATE INDUCED SEISMICITY IN HYDROCARBON<br />
RESERVOIRS<br />
HAGHI, Amir Hossein, Research Center <strong>of</strong> Petroleum University <strong>of</strong> Technology, Tehran,<br />
1453953153, Iran, amirh886@yahoo.com, KHARRAT, Riyaz, Petroleum University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Technology, Tehran, 1453953153, Iran, and ASEF, M.R., Geology, Tarbiat Moalem<br />
University, Tehran, 1453953153, Iran<br />
Annually, natural and artificial earthquakes cause irreparable damages for human communities.<br />
Induced seismicity which refers to human-made shocks and tremors that alters the stresses<br />
state on the Earth’s crust, invigorates in form <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbon reservoir-induced seismic that is<br />
related to operations <strong>with</strong> changing reservoir stress states. As it is provided in many references<br />
and research projects, reservoir stress field is a strong function <strong>of</strong> reservoir pore pressure.<br />
Hence long term production and injection scenarios or stimulation activities influence the stress<br />
state <strong>of</strong> reservoir based on time and place in the reservoir span.<br />
Among all indicated parameters including long term production-injection operations,<br />
stimulation, and reservoir pressure variations in time and place, there is another key parameter<br />
named fluid flow rate which could be controlled by us to calm down stress disruption and thus<br />
alleviate induced seismicity magnitude in hydrocarbon reservoirs. During reservoir stimulation,<br />
long term production- injection, the only parameter which is altered dramatically and caused<br />
some hazards is the fluid flow rate in the well and all situations in reservoir. Reservoir pressure<br />
is a strong function <strong>of</strong> fluid flow rate and thus filed stress could be formulized based on that in<br />
reservoir as well.<br />
In this approach using diffusivity equation in reservoir space and solving it <strong>with</strong> analytical and<br />
numerical methods, reservoir pressure is related to fluid flow in all distance from the producing<br />
well to reservoir boundary for all times steps. Accordingly, reservoir stress state could be<br />
formulated based on production flow rates. During single or multi wall production, sensitive<br />
locations around the flowing wells have the biggest chance for induced seismicity. Regarding<br />
that flow rate is the only attainable tool in order to control the intensity <strong>of</strong> stress confliction,<br />
this method proves numerically “How much dividing the producing fluid flow into several ways<br />
will lessen the chance <strong>of</strong> stress confliction and induced seismicity in Hydrocarbon Reservoir<br />
Spaces”.<br />
The accuracy <strong>of</strong> this method is confirmed using production data and numerical models <strong>of</strong> two<br />
giant hydrocarbon fields located in western section <strong>of</strong> Persian Gulf, Southern Iran.
29-5 BTH 31 Urpi, Luca<br />
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF PORE PRESSURE DIFFUSION IN A GEOTHERMAL<br />
RESERVOIR STIMULATION TREATMENT<br />
URPI, Luca, ZIMMERMANN, Günter, and BLÖCHER, Guido, Reservoir Technologies,<br />
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, urpi@<br />
gfz-potsdam.de<br />
A numerical porous media model is used to understand mechanisms involved in seismic events<br />
taking place during injection <strong>of</strong> high volume <strong>of</strong> water in deep rock formation.<br />
For low productive reservoirs, stimulation treatments are an option to increase the fluid flow<br />
thus achieving a significant rate <strong>of</strong> production or injection. One <strong>of</strong> the most effective ways to<br />
increase flow is by injection <strong>of</strong> fluid at high pressure. To perform hydraulic fracturing injection <strong>of</strong><br />
water at pressures higher than tectonic minimum stress is necessary to fracture the formation.<br />
Different studies linked variation in pore pressure and shearing mechanisms seismicity, due<br />
to reduction in normal stress promoted by an increase in fluid pressure. Among many cases<br />
is the Matsushiro (Japan) research well, the Rangley earthquake control experiment and<br />
more recently the enhanced geothermal system (EGS) site in Basel. Various events related to<br />
impounding <strong>of</strong> water reservoirs shows correlation <strong>with</strong> pore pressure diffusion, too.<br />
Pore pressure diffusion is the most relevant effect far from the injection point that can be<br />
seen during the stimulation time frame (usually days or weeks). Pore pressure can itself<br />
promote increase in permeability <strong>of</strong> the formations, leading to preferential diffusion pathways.<br />
Understanding the interaction between pore pressure and natural faults and fractures can help<br />
to develop better treatments, mitigating undesired and potentially harmful seismicity.<br />
Diffusion <strong>of</strong> pore pressure in an heterogeneous medium has been investigated in this study<br />
<strong>with</strong> a finite element method, approximating conditions <strong>of</strong> hydraulic fracturing that took place<br />
in a geothermal field, comparing the model results <strong>with</strong> temporal and spatial distribution <strong>of</strong> the<br />
recorded events.<br />
The eventual goal is to find a way to model pore pressure diffusion in a complex environment<br />
including tectonic stresses and rock properties heterogeneities.<br />
29-6 BTH 32 Megies, Tobias<br />
MICROSEISMIC ACTIVITY IN LOW-HAZARD GEOTHERMAL SETTINGS IN SOUTHERN<br />
GERMANY<br />
MEGIES, Tobias and WASSERMANN, Joachim, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental<br />
Sciences, Geophysics, LMU Munich, Theresienstrasse 41/IV, Munich, 80333, Germany,<br />
megies@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de<br />
In the last few years several geothermal power plants have taken up production in southern<br />
Germany and many more are currently in exploration or construction stages. In addition to<br />
providing favorable production conditions, the Bavarian Molasse Basin is being considered<br />
as generally aseismic <strong>with</strong> very sparse and weak seismicity. The seismic hazard going along<br />
<strong>with</strong> production is therefore being considered negligible and in the past no particular efforts for<br />
seismic monitoring were made.<br />
In 2008, however, an unexpected Ml 2.3 event south <strong>of</strong> Munich which was felt by local<br />
residents attracted public attention. The event was located in the general vicinity <strong>of</strong> a<br />
geothermal plant that took up production about half a year earlier. In the last two years a<br />
temporary network was set up that recorded more than 80 events <strong>with</strong> magnitudes mainly<br />
ranging from Ml -0.5 to 1.5.<br />
Absolute hypocenters are located using the local network. A high resolution 3-D P-wave<br />
velocity model is constructed from data <strong>of</strong> a dense 3-D seismic survey. An S-wave velocity<br />
model is compiled from converted shear waves, an old survey <strong>with</strong> shear wave excitation<br />
and cluster analysis <strong>of</strong> Vp/Vs ratios. Results show the hypocenters close to the bottom <strong>of</strong> the<br />
injection well.<br />
Based on event cluster analysis, hypocenters are relocated applying a nested master-slave<br />
relative location technique. The results are compared to structural information on the main fault<br />
systems derived from the 3-D seismics data. Source mechanisms are determined for selected<br />
events.<br />
Still, the exact extent <strong>of</strong> the man-made influence on the seismicity remains arguable. Events<br />
below magnitude 1.5 could not be detected and located prior to the production stage <strong>of</strong> the<br />
geothermal plant in the main network <strong>of</strong> the local earthquake service Erdbebendienst Bayern.<br />
Questions also remain as to the unique features <strong>of</strong> this geothermal site in comparison <strong>with</strong><br />
others not far away that do not produce notable induced seismicity.<br />
Within the framework <strong>of</strong> the ongoing MAGS project, further field experiments are conducted<br />
to address these open questions and test some working hypotheses. At two geothermal<br />
projects in comparable settings pre-production data is acquired in local seismometer networks<br />
to facilitate a comparison <strong>of</strong> possible microseismicity during production stages <strong>with</strong> natural<br />
background microseismicity.<br />
SESSION NO. 30, 08:30<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T3B. The Challenge <strong>of</strong> Understanding Continental<br />
Intraplate Earthquakes (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
30-1 BTH 41 Kusters, Dimitri<br />
MULTI-SCALE SPACE AND TIME VARIATIONS OF EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES<br />
KUSTERS, Dimitri1 , CAMELBEECK, Thierry2 , and LECOCQ, Thomas1 , (1) Seismology,<br />
Royal Observatory <strong>of</strong> Belgium, av. circulaire 3, Uccle, Brussels, 1180, Belgium,<br />
dimitri.kusters@oma.be, (2) Royal Observatory <strong>of</strong> Belgium, Brussels, 1180, Belgium<br />
We show results <strong>of</strong> an ongoing project that aims to provide a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the space<br />
and time variation <strong>of</strong> seismic activity in Western Europe.<br />
Within plates, assessment <strong>of</strong> earthquake hazards relies mainly on the assumption that past<br />
earthquakes delineate areas where future seismicity will occur (Kafka, 2007). The “cellular<br />
seismology” used to test this assessment has only been tested on relatively short time spans<br />
earthquake catalogues. We applied this method on the Belgian catalogue (from 1985 to<br />
present-day). This catalogue has low magnitude completeness (M> 2) and results seem to<br />
confirm this assumption.<br />
What about longer time scale? We compiled a long time span earthquake catalogue<br />
(from 1247 to present-day) to apply this method on Western Europe seismicity. Primary<br />
results show divergence <strong>with</strong> the short time scale ones. The paleoseismicity model (Ebel,<br />
Bonjer, & Oncescu, 2000) assumes that actual seismicity indicates past large earthquakes.<br />
It describes a long time span behavior <strong>of</strong> intraplate seismicity. Fundamentally both models<br />
are not incompatible. They might just be the expression <strong>of</strong> two different time scale structures.<br />
This might be underlined by multifractals analysis. Multifractals characteristics <strong>of</strong> the temporal<br />
SESSION NO. 31<br />
distribution <strong>of</strong> earthquake might indicate different scaling regimes bringing evidence <strong>of</strong> the<br />
complexity and randomness <strong>of</strong> the earthquake occurrences process.<br />
The different methods have been applied to both catalogues and results are compared in<br />
order to estimate the cover time scale ranges.<br />
30-2 BTH 42 Popotnig, Angelika<br />
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE POTENTIALLY ACTIVE HLUBOKA FAULT IN THE<br />
NEAR-REGION OF THE NPP TEMELIN (BUDEJOVICE BASIN, SOUTHERN BOHEMIAN<br />
MASSIF)<br />
POPOTNIG, Angelika1 , HOMOLOVA, Dana1 , and DECKER, Kurt2 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University <strong>of</strong> Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090,<br />
Austria, angelika.popotnig@chello.at, (2) Center for Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Vienna,<br />
Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria<br />
The NW-striking Hluboká-Fault System is a potentially active fault in the southern Bohemian<br />
Massif forming a “disputed seismic source” in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the nuclear power plant <strong>of</strong> Temelin.<br />
The Variscan fault was repeatedly activated in Mesozoic to post-Miocene times forming the NE<br />
margin <strong>of</strong> the Budějovice Basin, which is filled <strong>with</strong> up to 340m thick Cretaceous to Miocene<br />
sediments. Part <strong>of</strong> the fault is characterized by a prominent linear morphological scarp.<br />
Quantitative morphological indices compare the scarp <strong>of</strong> the potentially active fault <strong>with</strong><br />
slopes, which are not fault-controlled. Analyses use morphological parameters <strong>of</strong> small<br />
ephemeric tributaries <strong>of</strong> the Vltava River, which are all similar <strong>with</strong> respect to their catchments,<br />
hydrological conditions and location in crystalline basement rocks. Morphological differences<br />
in valley shapes are therefore likely to result from different amounts <strong>of</strong> uplift <strong>of</strong> the catchments<br />
<strong>with</strong> respect to the Vltava River. All parameters were measured from a 10m resolution DEM<br />
and digital topographic maps 1:10.000. Additional field measurements were made at locations<br />
where the resolution <strong>of</strong> the digital data is insufficient.<br />
Data show an extremely low mountain-front sinuosity <strong>of</strong> the hillslope forming the footwall<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Hluboká Fault characterizing a very straight mountain front at the fault. The values are<br />
significantly smaller than those observed at the other analysed mountain-piedmont junctions.<br />
Analyses <strong>of</strong> streams use the ratio <strong>of</strong> valley floor width to valley height (Vf), stream-length<br />
gradients (SL), thalweg sections and basin elongation ratios. The mountain slope at the fault<br />
scarp shows deep and narrow V-shaped valleys <strong>with</strong> streams that are actively incising probably<br />
responding to continuous uplift. Vf and SL values are generally lower than those obtained from<br />
drainages not crossing the fault. Marked differences are further evident from thalweg sections.<br />
The creeks <strong>of</strong>f the fault generally show simple concave-up pr<strong>of</strong>iles while streams crossing the<br />
fault show marked convex-up knickpoints close to the fault.<br />
In conclusion, the quantitative geomorphologic data consistently indicate that the crystalline<br />
massif in the footwall <strong>of</strong> the Hluboká Fault is actively uplifting <strong>with</strong> respect to the Budějovice<br />
Basin in the hangingwall <strong>of</strong> the fault.<br />
30-3 BTH 43 Homolova, Dana<br />
MAPPING AND DATING QUATERNARY TERRACES OF THE VLTAVA RIVER FOR<br />
ASSESSING THE ACTIVITY OF THE HLUBOKÁ FAULT IN THE NEAR-REGION OF THE NPP<br />
TEMELIN (BUDEJOVICE BASIN, SOUTHERN BOHEMIAN MASSIF)<br />
HOMOLOVA, Dana1 , LOMAX, Johanna2 , FIEBIG, Markus2 , and DECKER, Kurt1 ,<br />
(1) Department <strong>of</strong> Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University <strong>of</strong> Vienna,<br />
Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, A-1090, Austria, dana.homolova@univie.ac.at, (2) Institute for<br />
Applied Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU),<br />
Peter-Jordan-Strasse 70, Vienna, A-1190, Austria<br />
Dating and correlating fluvial terraces on both sides <strong>of</strong> the Hluboká Fault in Southern Bohemia<br />
intends to provide data on the long-term vertical displacement at the fault. The Budejovice<br />
Basin is a sedimentary basin <strong>with</strong>in the Bohemian Massif filled <strong>with</strong> Cretaceous and Miocene<br />
sediments covered by Quaternary fluvial and colluvial deposits. Forming its NE margin, the<br />
NW-striking Hluboká Fault is separating the Budejovice Basin (hanging wall) from the Variscan<br />
crystalline basement (foot wall).<br />
The Vltava River enters the Budejovice Basin in the south and leaves it after crossing the<br />
Hluboká Fault in the north. During the Pleistocene, the river accumulated clastic sediments<br />
forming terraces <strong>of</strong> different horizontal and vertical extent in the basin as well as in adjacent<br />
areas south and north <strong>of</strong> it. Since there is no data concerning the numerical age <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Quaternary sediments, luminescence dating is used as the key method for building a late<br />
Pleistocene stratigraphy <strong>of</strong> the fluvial deposits in this area.<br />
Currently available data is derived from more than 60 outcrops, hand drillings and 30 shallow<br />
boreholes. Stratigraphic correlations rely on more than 20 luminescence ages. Additionally,<br />
archive data from more than 1000 drilling reports from the Czech <strong>Geological</strong> Survey (Ge<strong>of</strong>ond)<br />
in combination <strong>with</strong> a high-resolution DEM was used to create a model <strong>of</strong> the terrace bodies in<br />
the basin.<br />
Results from field mapping in combination <strong>with</strong> borehole data show 5 terrace levels in the<br />
crystalline basement northeast <strong>of</strong> the Hluboká Fault (foot wall) and at least 4 levels <strong>with</strong>in<br />
the Budejovice Basin (hanging wall). For the lowermost terrace level in the hanging wall it<br />
was possible to create a consistent stratigraphy <strong>with</strong> ages ranging from about 80 ka to the<br />
Holocene. The top <strong>of</strong> this terrace forms the present flood plain <strong>of</strong> the river. In the foot wall <strong>of</strong><br />
the fault, time-correlated terrace sediments (~20 and 70 ka) are found at positions several<br />
metres above the current flood plain. The upper terrace levels are out <strong>of</strong> the dating range <strong>of</strong> the<br />
method.<br />
In sum, the occurrence <strong>of</strong> fluvial sediments <strong>of</strong> similar age at different elevations as well as<br />
differences in the number and relative elevation <strong>of</strong> terraces on both sides <strong>of</strong> the Hluboká Fault<br />
point to vertical movements along this fault during the Pleistocene.<br />
SESSION NO. 31, 08:30<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T4. Energy Resources in Sedimentary Basins<br />
(Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P4 (D183, Thomas Mann Halle, 1st floor)<br />
31-1 BTH 7 Colombani, Jean<br />
HOW TO ACCESS TO THE PURE DISSOLUTION RATE OF RAPIDLY DISSOLVING<br />
MINERALS?<br />
COLOMBANI, Jean, Laboratoire PMCN, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, bat. Brillouin,<br />
la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622 France, jean.colombani@univ-lyon1.fr<br />
The knowledge <strong>of</strong> the dissolution rates <strong>of</strong> rapidly dissolving minerals, like sulfates or<br />
carbonates, in aqueous solutions is <strong>of</strong> foremost importance in the study <strong>of</strong> the weathering <strong>of</strong><br />
rocks, <strong>of</strong> karst formation, <strong>of</strong> the quality <strong>of</strong> drinking water, <strong>of</strong> the spreading <strong>of</strong> pollutants, … In<br />
Munich, Germany A43<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 31<br />
the case <strong>of</strong> minerals containing the calcium ion, like gypsum or calcite, their dissolution rate is<br />
also crucial in the investigation <strong>of</strong> the geological storage <strong>of</strong> CO 2 .<br />
In standard dissolution experiments (batch, rotating disk, …), the mineral is dissolving in<br />
stirred water. So the dissolution kinetics is mixed <strong>with</strong> diffusive and convective contributions.<br />
For hard minerals, dissolution is so slow that it drives the whole kinetics. But for s<strong>of</strong>ter minerals,<br />
dissolution, diffusion and convection timescales are <strong>of</strong> the same order <strong>of</strong> magnitude and their<br />
respective contributions can be difficult to disciminate.<br />
As an example, we have collected dissolution rates <strong>of</strong> gypsum in water measured by<br />
various methods found in the literature. The deduced dissolution rate constants span over<br />
several decades. Therefore we have analysed the hydrodynamics <strong>of</strong> the experimental setups,<br />
eliminated the diffusive and convective contributions and deduced from them the pure surface<br />
reaction rate constant <strong>of</strong> gypsum in water. It appears to be much smaller than expected<br />
from the literature results. An holographic interferometry experiment, performed in still water,<br />
is carried out and enables to measure directly this rate constant. Both values agree <strong>with</strong>in<br />
experimental uncertainty, which confirms the unexpected small value <strong>of</strong> the dissolution rate<br />
constant <strong>of</strong> gypsum, and give clues to understand the discrepancy between the reported<br />
values <strong>of</strong> calcite dissolution rate.<br />
31-2 BTH 8 Maldini, Faldo<br />
OBLIGATORY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO MAXIMIZE THE USING OF ENERGY<br />
RESOURCES IN DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY. STUDY CASE: GEOTHERMAL IN INDONESIA<br />
MALDINI, Faldo, University <strong>of</strong> Indonesia, Depok 12620 Indonesia,<br />
faldo.maldini@gmail.com<br />
Today the world faces a serious problem about energy. Energy that usually created from<br />
fossil like oil is decreased day by day. It also gives impact to the environment because <strong>of</strong> the<br />
emission. Many countries agree that they will make green energy system that will be used in<br />
each country. It is also happened in Indonesia. From now, the world needs a renewable energy<br />
that also clean and friendly for the environment.<br />
Indonesia has abundant natural resources. One <strong>of</strong> renewable energy that Indonesia has<br />
is geothermal energy. Indonesia has 40% resource if we compare it <strong>with</strong> the other country<br />
resource around the world. It is equal to 27500 Mwe for electricity power. Geothermal also<br />
become friendly to the environment because the emission is small.<br />
Now, Indonesia’s Government has vision “25/25” for geothermal energy. It means that the<br />
energy mix for Indonesia for the year 2025 is 25%. In fact, the geothermal still use for 3%<br />
for today. Then, the use <strong>of</strong> geothermal energy system is still not independently builds from<br />
Indonesia. Indonesia still joins the other company from abroad to produce geothermal energy.<br />
There is potential problem that will be happened because the bad system <strong>of</strong> geothermal<br />
management. We should learn from oil management. Indonesian has gotten from this natural<br />
resources is very limited.<br />
Now, the production <strong>of</strong> geothermal is on the move. We see that the companies from<br />
abroad are still take part to produce geothermal energy system <strong>with</strong> Indonesia’s company,<br />
PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy. We can classify the threats which are coming from the<br />
existence condition in two categories: (1) the problems that rise from the imperfectness<br />
policy; (2) The problems that rise from system technically used: engineering, processing,<br />
and producing the geothermal energy today and for the future. . To prevent and deal <strong>with</strong> the<br />
problems, there are three classifications <strong>of</strong> solutions that should be done: (1) The application <strong>of</strong><br />
transfer technology <strong>with</strong> four types that will be clearly inform in the fourth chapter <strong>of</strong> this paper;<br />
(2) Improvement the education quality and capability to use technology that support Indonesia’s<br />
student; (3) The support and believe from the government <strong>with</strong> this country capability.<br />
31-3 BTH 9 Obst, Karsten<br />
POTENTIAL ECONOMIC USE OF MIDDLE BUNTSANDSTEIN SALINE AQUIFERS IN<br />
MECKLENBURG-WESTERN POMERANIA (NE GERMANY)<br />
OBST, Karsten and BRANDES, Juliane, Geologischer Dienst, LUNG M-V,<br />
Goldberger Str. 12, Güstrow, D-18273, Germany, karsten.obst@lung.mv-regierung.de<br />
Clastic sediments <strong>of</strong> the Middle Buntsandstein are widely distributed in the eastern part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
North German Basin. Several sandstone horizons are intercalated <strong>with</strong> silt- and claystones.<br />
They form a multi-layered system <strong>of</strong> saline aquifers (Detfurth formation to Solling formation).<br />
The potential <strong>of</strong> these aquifers for geothermal heat production and geological storage <strong>of</strong> natural<br />
gas or carbon dioxide varies regionally.<br />
The sandstones <strong>of</strong> the Middle Buntsandstein are fine- to medium-grained <strong>with</strong> clay content<br />
higher than 10 % in average. They show good reservoir properties at the north-eastern margin<br />
<strong>of</strong> the basin, e.g. porosities between 15-30 % and mean permeabilities <strong>of</strong> about 500 mD.<br />
Towards the central basin areas in the SW, the porosities <strong>of</strong> the sandstones are reduced either<br />
due to higher silt and clay content or by secondary cementation <strong>of</strong> the pore space. Changing<br />
facies conditions and burial effects led to rather low permeabilities
them an erosive deposition <strong>of</strong> mesozoic shales and sandstones alternancy <strong>of</strong> 8 kilometers in<br />
extention; tertiary and quaternary sedimentary prism are almost 10 Km in thickness. The age <strong>of</strong><br />
uplift <strong>of</strong> the ridge is eocene andine orogeny, the mechanism is astenospheric domming in the<br />
Guyana Craton NW border.<br />
In a former fieldtrip the author caracterized the oil productive basin <strong>of</strong> Middle Magdalena<br />
Basin, in Bolivar State, Cantagallo Town, recently destroyed by floods in Magdalena river basin.<br />
The camp in a known oil reservoir since the 1920´s decade by Texas Oil Co. An study on the<br />
soil sand horizon composition shown an important presence in gold mineral (Sylvanite, an<br />
AuAgTe4 mineral probably oxidized) and Platinum, in a mixture <strong>with</strong> Quartz and K-Ba Rich<br />
Muscovite. Those minerals where evaluated in powder in the d X-Ray difractometer.<br />
In the evaluation <strong>of</strong> the material the metallic brigthness were the most important clue for<br />
identification.<br />
In the X-Ray Diphractometry analysis the material were compared <strong>with</strong> other minerals<br />
pattern like mica, oxides, carbonates and some other, but the dimensions <strong>of</strong> the chrystalline<br />
cell match <strong>with</strong> platinum pattern and sylvanite one time the quartz signal were eliminated in the<br />
background filter and the mean mica K-Ba Muscovite were identified.<br />
The dimensions measured <strong>of</strong> the chrystaline shell <strong>of</strong> Platinum, Pt in A (Armstrongs) are<br />
2.28034 A; 1.97123 A; 1.39476 A (until 1.37113 A).<br />
31-8 BTH 14 Lutz, Rüdiger<br />
PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELING IN THE GERMAN NORTH SEA<br />
LUTZ, Rüdiger1 , KURKOW, Alexej1 , BERNER, Ulrich2 , and FRANKE, Dieter1 ,<br />
(1) Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe (BGR), Hannover, 30655,<br />
Germany, Ruediger.Lutz@bgr.de, (2) Geochemistry <strong>of</strong> Petroleum and Coal, Federal Inst.<br />
for Geosciences and Natural Ressources, Stilleweg 2, Hannover, D-30655, Germany<br />
Germanys North Sea sector (German Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ) covers an area <strong>of</strong><br />
around 35,000 km2 . Despite about 80 exploration wells which were drilled since 1964 oil and<br />
gas is produced from only two fields: The Mittelplate oil field in the Wadden Sea and the gas<br />
field A6/B4 in the northwestern part <strong>of</strong> the German Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) at the<br />
Danish Border, respectively. At BGR we are currently mapping the northwestern area, the<br />
so-called “Entenschnabel”. Once finished it will be included in the 3D model <strong>of</strong> the central<br />
German North Sea forming one homogenous geological model <strong>of</strong> the German EEZ. This<br />
model serves as a structural input for various 1D, 2D and 3D petroleum system models, which<br />
investigate the evolution <strong>of</strong> the German North Sea and the key petroleum system elements. We<br />
will present the present status <strong>of</strong> the project including 1D models and 2D models <strong>of</strong> the central<br />
German North Sea.The final 3D model will be publically available and can be used by industry<br />
and academia for investigations <strong>of</strong> e.g. license areas supplemented by proprietary data or tests<br />
<strong>of</strong> new kinetic data sets in a geological model. This work is carried out <strong>with</strong>in the framework<br />
<strong>of</strong> the GPDN project (Geopotenzial Deutsche Nordsee), a joint project <strong>of</strong> the Federal Institute<br />
for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), the State Authority for Mining, Energy and<br />
Geology (Lower Saxony, LBEG) and the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency <strong>of</strong><br />
Germany (BSH) together <strong>with</strong> industry and academic partners.<br />
31-9 BTH 15 Gast, Sascha<br />
GROUNDWATER PROTECTION IN THE NORTH GERMAN BASIN FROM THE OTHER SIDE<br />
OF VIEW - THE RUPELIAN CLAY FORMATION AS THE UNDERLAYING SEAL<br />
GAST, Sascha, WIRTH, Holger, FISCHER, Marina, and KUHLMANN, Gesa, Federal<br />
Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Branch <strong>of</strong>fice Berlin, Wilhelmstr. 25-30,<br />
Berlin, 13593, Germany, sascha.gast@bgr.de<br />
In northern Germany, the Palaeogene clay formation is the most important geological seal<br />
horizon between the under laying saltwater aquifers and the overlaying occupied ground-water<br />
aquifers. In context <strong>of</strong> utilisation <strong>of</strong> the deeper underground, the expanse <strong>of</strong> the Rupelian clay<br />
formation is described and the reprocessed isobath map <strong>of</strong> the “Base Rupelian as effective<br />
seal” is displayed. Exemplarily the correlation between the distribution <strong>of</strong> the clay formations<br />
and the Groundwater salinisation will be shown. The influence <strong>of</strong> salt tectonics and Quaternary<br />
erosion on the distribution and thickness <strong>of</strong> the Rupelian is discussed and revised.<br />
31-10 BTH 16 Gast, Sascha<br />
MINERALOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON LOWER TRIASSIC CLASTIC SEDIMENTS.<br />
OUTCROP STUDIES AS A TOOL TO REFINE THE SEAL CHARACTERISTICS<br />
GAST, Sascha1 , KUHLMANN, Gesa1 , SCHMIDT, Michael2 , and PÖLLMANN, Herbert2 ,<br />
(1) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Branch <strong>of</strong>fice Berlin,<br />
Wilhelmstr. 25-30, Berlin, 13593, Germany, sascha.gast@bgr.de, (2) Martin-Luther-<br />
University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Von Seckendorff-Platz 3, Halle,<br />
06124, Germany<br />
The uppermost part <strong>of</strong> the lower Triassic „Buntsandstein“ is termed Röt–Folge. The Karsdorf-<br />
Quarry located in north-eastern Germany is the type-section <strong>of</strong> the Karsdorf-subformation<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the Röt interval. Since the Röt-Folge can be regarded as a potential seal-formation in<br />
CCS technology, we aim to refine the knowledge <strong>of</strong> the Röt lithology and its petrophysical<br />
properties. Therefore sediments taken 9 samples from the Karsdorf Quarry have been<br />
investigated for their mineralogy, grain size distribution as well as their petrophysical<br />
parameters.<br />
The finely grained clastic sediments are mostly reddish to brownish in colour. The majority<br />
<strong>of</strong> the 40 m thick succession is thin bedded and in the lower part <strong>of</strong> the Quarry the beds are<br />
irregular cut by gypsum layers. The so called “Doppelquarzit” bed as the most significant bed<br />
has been used to reconstruct the stratigraphic position <strong>of</strong> the whole succession and the two<br />
prominent calcareous sandstone-beds therein are the coarsest beds in the section.<br />
To investigate the interaction between potential seal-rocks and a CO2-rich fluid, the selected<br />
rocks will be altered under simulated “in-situ” conditions in a laboratory autoclave system. For<br />
these experiments synthetic formation brine has been used. Due to the high temperature in<br />
the autoclave CO will be in supercritical state throughout the experiment. The fluids and rock<br />
2<br />
samples remain in the autoclave system for about two weeks and are investigated thereafter for<br />
possible changes due to the exposure to CO and brine.<br />
2<br />
Here we show first results on rock behaviour from the analyses <strong>of</strong> the mostly clayey and<br />
siltey sediments together <strong>with</strong> the results on (clay) mineralogy, XRF analyses as well as grain<br />
size analysis that has been used to determine the petrophysical parameters besides direct<br />
measurements before and after treatment. Initial porosities range between 0.94 and 15.01 % .<br />
<strong>with</strong> a carbonate content between 1.8 and 41.3 % by weight.<br />
31-11 BTH 17 Pletsch, Thomas<br />
FLUID ENTRAPMENT AND RELEASE FROM SEDIMENTS INTRUDED BY VOLCANIC<br />
SILLS, NEWFOUNDLAND MARGIN<br />
PLETSCH, Thomas1 , KUS, Jolanta1 , PETSCHICK, Rainer2 , and CRAMER, Bernhard1 ,<br />
(1) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2,<br />
Hannover, 30655, Germany, thomas.pletsch@bgr.de, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geoscience, Goethe-<br />
Universität Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany<br />
Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1276A, at the toe <strong>of</strong> the SE facing Newfoundland Margin,<br />
provided access to more than 600 m <strong>of</strong> mid-Cretaceous, deep-marine, organic-rich<br />
mudstones <strong>with</strong> two intercalated volcanic sills near the base <strong>of</strong> the hole. A 10 m basaltic<br />
SESSION NO. 31<br />
sill, dated as 105 Ma, was recovered at 1612 m below seafloor. Another sill, at least 17 m<br />
thick and recovered some 100 m deeper in the section, is 8 M.y. younger than the upper sill.<br />
Undercompacted, plastic, high-porosity sediments recovered from between the two sills yielded<br />
elevated concentrations <strong>of</strong> gaseous hydrocarbons.<br />
Metamorphic minerals and textures characterise the narrow contact zones between sills<br />
and host sediment. Further away from the narrow metamorphic contact zones, the thermal<br />
aureole <strong>of</strong> the sills is recorded by unusual gradients in the alteration <strong>of</strong> organic and mineral<br />
components. In the poorly compacted, gas-bearing interval, however, organic maturity<br />
indicators reach a minimum where clay mineral assemblages indicate substantial alteration<br />
This discrepancy may be related to the unusually elevated porosity: Whereas overlying<br />
sediment was compacted to a porosity around 20%, porosity values up to 44% were retained in<br />
the gas-bearing interval. Pore-water overpressure may have delayed the maturation <strong>of</strong> organic<br />
matter whereas mineral transformation was probably favoured by ion supply from alteration<br />
near the underlying sill through the open pore framework.<br />
Elevated concentrations <strong>of</strong> gaseous hydrocarbons were likely generated at the lower sill<br />
contact or in the underlying sedimentary section. Numerical simulation suggests that pore<br />
pressure build-up beneath the upper sill is strong enough to overcome its tensile strength.<br />
Mineralised veins <strong>with</strong>in the metamorphic contact zone are thought to have precipitated from<br />
fluids that escaped from the compartment between the sills when pressure exceeded the<br />
strength <strong>of</strong> the overlying seal.<br />
The intercalation <strong>of</strong> undercompacted sediments <strong>with</strong> sills creates a high-amplitude seismic<br />
reflector that covers much <strong>of</strong> the proximal Newfoundland Basin. We expect that sills and<br />
adjacent, normally compacted shales, created extensive, vertically stacked fluid barriers. Where<br />
pressure build-up was sufficient, fracturing <strong>of</strong> the sills allowed for intermittent fluid release,<br />
wheras other sills may remain unbreached.<br />
31-12 BTH 18 Özer, Cigdem<br />
PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE ARGENTINE CONTINENTAL MARGIN – DATA<br />
COMPILATION AND PSEUDO-WELL SIMULATION<br />
ÖZER, Cigdem1 , PLETSCH, Thomas1 , LUTZ, Rüdiger1 , FRANKE, Dieter1 , and<br />
BRANDES, Christian2 , (1) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources<br />
(BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, cigdem.oezer@bgr.de, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geology,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Hannover, Callinstraße 30, Hannover, 30176, Germany<br />
The undrilled and underexplored passive continental margin <strong>of</strong>f Argentina and Uruguay is<br />
characterised by seaward-dipping reflector (SDR) sequences which are interpreted to be<br />
dominantly effusive volcanics. Early Cretaceous rifting and breakup <strong>of</strong> the southern South<br />
Atlantic were accompanied, on its western side, by short-term, but widespread emplacement <strong>of</strong><br />
60-120 km wide SDR wedges along the continent-ocean boundary. These voluminous bodies<br />
may have had an influence on regional petroleum systems through the dissipation <strong>of</strong> their<br />
heat, their impact on the subsidence <strong>of</strong> adjacent basins, their potential sealing capacities, or<br />
through their characteristic internal geometry and the intercalation <strong>of</strong> potential reservoir facies.<br />
The structural similarity <strong>of</strong> the Argentine margin <strong>with</strong> hydrocarbon-producing volcanic rifted<br />
margins, such as those <strong>of</strong>fshore Norway or Namibia, has stimulated comparisons regarding<br />
their resource potential.<br />
This study is part <strong>of</strong> a project that aims at providing quantitative estimates <strong>of</strong> the in-place<br />
petroleum (oil and gas) volumes along the Argentine Margin. Ideally, this should procede via<br />
the calculation <strong>of</strong> potentially generated, migrated and trapped petroleum volumes and via a<br />
statistical evaluation <strong>of</strong> the certainties involved. For this purpose, quantitative input data are<br />
required. Gross volumes <strong>of</strong> potential source rock and reservoir lithologies are drawn from own<br />
seismic data, but other data (e.g. TOC, HI, maturity, porosity, seal integrity) are unknown from<br />
the target area. Consequently, this study relies heavily on indications from basins that are taken<br />
to be analogous <strong>with</strong> respect to the subsidence, sedimentary and paloceanographic evolution<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Argentine margin.<br />
Source rock data from adjacent and remote basins <strong>with</strong> supposedly analogous depositional<br />
and thermal histories were compiled and used to simulate pseudo-wells along the Argentine<br />
margin. Preliminary results point to the existence <strong>of</strong> viable petroleum systems related to source<br />
rocks from pre-rift and early post-rift sequences known from adjacent basins.<br />
31-13 BTH 19 Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena<br />
COUPLED TRANSPORT OF HEAT AND FLUID IN FAULTED POROUS MEDIA<br />
CACACE, Mauro1 , SCHECK-WENDEROTH, Magdalena2 , KAISER, Björn Onno1 ,<br />
CHERUBINI, Yvonne1 , NOACK, Vera2 , and LEWERENZ, Björn2 , (1) University <strong>of</strong><br />
Potsdam, am Neuen Palais 10, Potsdam, 14469, Germany, (2) Section 4.4 Basin<br />
Analysis, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences,<br />
Telegrafenberg C4, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, leni@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
Sedimentary basins host a significant portion <strong>of</strong> the world’s economic mineral and energy<br />
resources. Formation <strong>of</strong> these resources involves the interaction <strong>of</strong> different and likely coupled<br />
processes including groundwater flow, mechanical deformation, mass and energy transfer.<br />
Understanding the dynamics <strong>of</strong> flows and related physical processes in sedimentary basins<br />
is essential for a correct assessment <strong>of</strong> their geothermal potential. The major challenge is to<br />
understand the coupling between processes occurring in a common geological framework but<br />
having inherent different spatial and temporal scales. Numerical (mathematical) models provide<br />
useful tools to analyse all these aspects and to be predictive for a correct assessment <strong>of</strong><br />
geothermal resources especially in areas where data acquisition is demanding. An integrated<br />
approach is presented which combines geological and geophysical observations <strong>with</strong><br />
numerical techniques to unravel these challenges and to investigate the thermal field and fluid<br />
flow system in the Northeast German Basin (NEGB).<br />
31-14 BTH 20 Kunkel, Cindy<br />
VARIATIONS IN AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS AND -EVOLUTION OF THE GERMAN<br />
BUNTSANDSTEIN FACIES OF THE THURINGIAN BASIN, EAST GERMANY<br />
KUNKEL, Cindy, BEYER, Daniel, HILSE, Ulrike, AEHNELT, Michaela, VOIGT, Thomas,<br />
PUDLO, Dieter, and GAUPP, Reinhard, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Institute for<br />
Geoscience, Jena, 07749, Germany, Cindy.Kunkel@uni-jena.de<br />
The Lower Triassic Buntsandstein is a major aquifer in Thuringia and adjacent areas in central<br />
Germany. In the Thuringian Basin the investigation <strong>of</strong> its reservoir characteristics is part <strong>of</strong> a<br />
BMBF sponsored project on integrated fluid dynamics in sediment basins (INFLUINS).<br />
The aquifer sediments are composed <strong>of</strong> fluvial, eolian and lacustrine facies which exhibit<br />
differences in reservoir quality. These differences are linked <strong>with</strong> facial and mineralogical<br />
controls causing regional to small scale variations <strong>of</strong> reservoir properties. In order to<br />
understand reservoir property differences and their linkage to fluid flow pattern an investigation<br />
<strong>of</strong> facies and diagenesis <strong>of</strong> the sandstones was undertaken comparing infiltration areas in<br />
outcropping Buntsandstein at the north-western basin margin (Eichsfeld) and subsurface<br />
Buntsandstein in wells in the basin center (area <strong>of</strong> Erfurt).<br />
In the basin center the Lower Buntsandstein is dominated by lacustrine deposits, the<br />
Middle Buntsandstein by fluvial sediments <strong>with</strong> some eolian sandstones in the lower part and<br />
massive fluvial channel and sandflat sandstones in the upper part. At basin margins a strong<br />
increase <strong>of</strong> eolian deposits occurs as well as thickness reductions and erosion in the Middle<br />
Buntsandstein, but increasing thickness in the lowermost Lower Buntsandstein and the highest<br />
Middle Buntsandstein. Preferential pathways <strong>of</strong> fluid migration occur in intervals dominated by<br />
Munich, Germany A45<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 31<br />
well-sorted fluvial and eolian sediments. Thereby sandstones <strong>with</strong> minor amounts <strong>of</strong> cements<br />
show high permeabilities, whereas low permeabilities are commonly related to the almost<br />
total filling <strong>of</strong> the primary porespace by authigenic minerals. Investigations on pore space<br />
geometries (abundance and interconnectivity <strong>of</strong> small and large pores) and grain surfaces<br />
allow an advanced understanding <strong>of</strong> reservoir properties and reactive surfaces in these rocks.<br />
In the basin center permeability <strong>of</strong> Lower Buntsandstein is low, whereas permeabilities in the<br />
Middle Buntsandstein formation are strongly enhanced. At the margin <strong>of</strong> the Thuringian Basin<br />
the influence <strong>of</strong> meteoric water is strongly affecting dissolution and alteration <strong>of</strong> minerals.<br />
Investigations <strong>of</strong> fluid pathways and diagenesis form the basis for later modelling <strong>of</strong> reservoir<br />
evolution and fluid flow <strong>with</strong>in the Thuringian Basin.<br />
31-15 BTH 21 Luick, Holger<br />
NEW POTENTIALS FOR STORING GREEN ENERGY USING PUMPED-STORAGE<br />
POWER-PLANTS<br />
LUICK, Holger1 , NIEMANN, André2 , PERAU, Eugen3 , WAGNER, Hermann Josef4 , and<br />
SCHREIBER, Ulrich1 , (1) Faculty <strong>of</strong> Biology, <strong>Geological</strong> Section, University <strong>of</strong> Duisburg-<br />
Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, Germany, Holger.Luick@uni-due.de,<br />
(2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Hydraulic Engineering, University <strong>of</strong> Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5,<br />
Essen, 45141, Germany, (3) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geotechnical Engineering, University <strong>of</strong> Duisburg-<br />
Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, Germany, (4) LEE Energy Systems and<br />
Energy Economics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801,<br />
Germany<br />
It may be that by 2050, 100% <strong>of</strong> electrical power will be produced by renewables[1] in<br />
Germany. Following different scenarios, about 2/3 <strong>of</strong> this power will be generated from<br />
temporarily variable sources such as wind energy and photovoltaics. Therefore high-capacity<br />
energy storages will be needed for a constant supply <strong>with</strong> electrical energy using renewable<br />
resources[2].<br />
Pumped-storage power plants (PSPP) are the most promising state-<strong>of</strong>-the-art technique<br />
making it possible to store sufficient amounts <strong>of</strong> energy in order to secure a constant supply <strong>of</strong><br />
electricity even for highly developed countries. Traditionally pumped-storage power plants are<br />
constructed in areas characterized by a specific topography. In Norway, for instance, PSPPs<br />
have already gained a capacity <strong>of</strong> 82 TWh, which is about 70 % <strong>of</strong> the Norwegian total annual<br />
consumption <strong>of</strong> electrical energy <strong>of</strong> 116 TWh (2008)[3]. In Germany PSPPs have a capacity<br />
<strong>of</strong> 40 GWh relating to a total consumption <strong>of</strong> electrical energy <strong>of</strong> 735 TWh (2008)[4], which<br />
is about 0,005 %. Germany not having such a distinct topography, engineers have to look for<br />
alternative differences in altitude.<br />
Using anthropogenic altitude differences could be a contribution to the increase <strong>of</strong><br />
PSPP capacity. These can be found in a) abandoned coal mines, e.g. in the Ruhr District,<br />
b) abandoned open-cast mining (lignite mining, e.g. Rheinisches Braunkohlerevier), c)<br />
deep <strong>of</strong>fshore regions and seafloor areas characterized by steep slopes, e.g. parts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Mediterranean Sea. Additionally geothermal energy can be used in coal mines to maximize<br />
efficiency and also ECBM (Enhanced Coal Bed Methane) techniques using microorganisms<br />
can be applied.<br />
Localisation, quantification and technical aspects <strong>of</strong> realisation <strong>of</strong> these so called subsurface<br />
pumped-storage power plants are the main aims <strong>of</strong> a multidisciplinary cooperation <strong>of</strong><br />
the University <strong>of</strong> Duisburg-Essen and the Ruhr-University Bochum. The research project is<br />
funded by the Meractor Research Center Ruhr, an initiative <strong>of</strong> the Stiftung Mercator and the<br />
Universitätsallianz Metropole Ruhr.<br />
__________________________<br />
[1] Umweltbundesamt, 2010<br />
[2] Umweltbundesamt, 2010<br />
[3] Statistisk sentralbyrå, 2011<br />
[4] Umweltbundesamt, 2010<br />
31-16 BTH 22 Heim, Sabine<br />
A PYROLYTIC STUDY OF GAS GENERATION FROM LIGNITES: GEOCHEMICAL<br />
CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC MATTER<br />
HEIM, Sabine, KROOSS, Bernhard M., and LITTKE, Ralf, Lehrstuhl für Geologie,<br />
Geochemie und Lagerstätten des Erdöls und der Kohle, RWTH Aachen University,<br />
Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056, Germany, heim@lek.rwth-aachen.de<br />
Lignite samples from different regions, depositional environments and facies types were<br />
selected to investigate the petrography and geochemistry <strong>of</strong> low rank sedimentary organic<br />
matter. In continuation <strong>of</strong> previous research, this study attempted to assess the fate <strong>of</strong> nitrogen<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the sedimentary nitrogen cycle, and evaluate qualitative and quantitative aspects <strong>of</strong> the<br />
thermal N generation from different nitrogen-containing precursor entities.<br />
2<br />
In a first screening phase, open system non-isothermal pyrolysis experiments were<br />
performed for a systematic comparison <strong>of</strong> gas liberation processes. Generation rates <strong>of</strong> N and 2<br />
CH , shapes and intensities <strong>of</strong> pyrolytic peaks were found to represent sensitive indicators <strong>of</strong><br />
4<br />
the chemical composition <strong>of</strong> sedimentary organic matter.<br />
Pyrograms <strong>of</strong> peat as well as higher rank coals reflect the increase in thermal maturity and<br />
the associated changes in chemical composition <strong>of</strong> the organic matter from predominantly<br />
low to higher thermal stability. The positions and shapes <strong>of</strong> pyrolytic N generation peaks are<br />
2<br />
related to the chemical conversion processes. Thermally less stable nitrogen precursors as well<br />
as some thermally stable precursor structures are present in peat. With increasing maturation,<br />
only the thermally more stable structures survive.<br />
Quite unexpectedly the pyrograms <strong>of</strong> lignites do not match the N liberation trends observed<br />
2<br />
for peat to higher rank hard coal but show distinct discontinuities. Obviously, the structure<br />
<strong>of</strong> nitrogen precursors in lignites is severely altered as compared to the peats. Furthermore<br />
there are also significant differences between the different lignite deposits. Thus, the liberation<br />
pattern and the chemical composition appear to be strongly influenced by the depositional<br />
environment and/or low-temperature thermal conversion processes in sedimentary basins.<br />
Future investigations on the chemical composition <strong>of</strong> the nitrogen-containing organic matter<br />
will comprise step-wise <strong>of</strong>f line pyrolysis <strong>with</strong> subsequent GC/MS analysis <strong>of</strong> the volatile<br />
products in order to elucidate the changes in chemical composition <strong>of</strong> organic nitrogencontaining<br />
compounds.<br />
31-17 BTH 23 Riße, Andreas<br />
MINERAL ALTERATIONS CAUSED BY OXIDISING ACCESSORY GASES IN THE<br />
GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2<br />
HEESCHEN, Katja, RIßE, Andreas, STADLER, Susanne, OSTERTAG-HENNING,<br />
Christian, and RÜTTERS, Heike, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe<br />
(BGR), Hannover, 30655, andreas.risse@bgr.de<br />
The German project COORAL (“CO Purity for Capture and Storage”) investigates the effects<br />
2<br />
<strong>of</strong> accessory gases during the processes <strong>of</strong> carbon sequestration, i.e., power generation,<br />
capture, transport, injection and CO geological storage. At BGR we concentrate on<br />
2<br />
geochemical experiments at in-situ pressure-temperature conditions to elucidate the occuring<br />
geochemical processes after injection <strong>of</strong> CO into saline aquifers. To understand the occuring<br />
2<br />
mineral alterations it is essential to investigate fluid-rock interactions that include the minerals<br />
<strong>of</strong> potential storage formations, CO and accessory gases that occur in the captured CO gas<br />
2 2<br />
stream. The latter will contain minor amounts <strong>of</strong> gases such as O , N , NO , SO , CO, and H S.<br />
2 2 x x 2<br />
A46 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
However, quantitative data on mineral alterations due to these accessory gases are scarce at<br />
relevant conditions.<br />
The experiments at BGR are carried out using static batch reactors equipped <strong>with</strong> chemically<br />
inert flexible gold-titanium-cells. The investigated mineral phases are carefully crushed, sorted<br />
and cleaned natural mono-minerals whereas the natural formation water is simplified to a Na-Cl<br />
solution (150 g NaCl /l). A first set <strong>of</strong> experiments on carbonates in pure water or salt solution<br />
allowed testing the laboratory set-up and adjusting the modelling environment using the<br />
numerical code PHREEQC. While experimental data <strong>with</strong>out CO 2 addition are well represented<br />
by thermodynamic simulations, discrepancies occur between measured and simulated data<br />
in the presence <strong>of</strong> CO 2 . Duplicate dolomite-brine-CO 2 experiments exhibited a very good<br />
reproducibility showing release rates for both, Mg and Ca, between 2*10 10 mol s 1 cm 2 at the<br />
very beginning and 4*10 13 mol s 1 cm 2 just before approaching steady state.<br />
The main target <strong>of</strong> the ongoing experiments is a) to continue the work on the carbonates<br />
using a binary gas mixture <strong>of</strong> CO 2 –SO 2 thus looking into effects caused by an increased acidity<br />
and the presence <strong>of</strong> SO 4 and b) to investigate the effects <strong>of</strong> accessory O 2 on redox sensitive<br />
minerals, especially clay minerals.<br />
SESSION NO. 32, 15:30<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
S4. Plenary: <strong>Geological</strong> Research for Our Health<br />
(2011 - Year <strong>of</strong> Science in Health Research)<br />
(GSA Geology and Health Division, LMU Fragile<br />
Earth Fund)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 014<br />
32-1 15:40 Matschullat, Jörg<br />
GEOSCIENCES AND HUMAN HEALTH<br />
MATSCHULLAT, Jörg, Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Centre,<br />
TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Brennhausgasse 14, Freiberg 09599 Germany,<br />
joerg.matschullat@ioez.tu-freiberg.de<br />
Medical Geology or Medical Mineralogy and Geochemistry is an emerging field <strong>of</strong> our science<br />
that seems to develop largely unnoticed by many in the community. Is it really new? Does it<br />
address important issues? Do we need to “invent” yet another term for a research area in the<br />
geosciences?<br />
These questions shall be addressed rather from a down to earth perspective than from a<br />
semantic and theory-<strong>of</strong>-science background. The review <strong>of</strong> current works will help to better<br />
understand and appreciate the topic and ideally to attract some more smart minds into this<br />
fascinating field <strong>of</strong> activity.<br />
The year 2011 welcomes the 7th billion human and we expect the 9th billion person to be<br />
born around 2050. Such unprecedented population growth, combined <strong>with</strong> an increasing<br />
urbanisation, soil degradation etc. inevitably leads to mounting challenges for human health<br />
and wellbeing. The rising density <strong>of</strong> urban life, jointly <strong>with</strong> aging societies in many countries<br />
and extended life expectancies, require a broad array <strong>of</strong> expertise that the geosciences can<br />
deliver. Keywords for some <strong>of</strong> the topics that require intense attention and new solutions, range<br />
from artificial limbs, endo- and exoskeleton parts to smarter soil use <strong>with</strong> distinct support<br />
for agricultural production, food processing, and water management. Geosciences are in<br />
the centre <strong>of</strong> such challenges and can contribute greatly to minimize risks and to support a<br />
sustainable development for mankind.<br />
Suggested reading<br />
Dissanayake CB, Chandrajith R (eds; 2010) Introduction to medical geology. Springer<br />
Finkelman RB, Skinner HCW, Plumlee GS, Bunnell JE (2001) Medical geology. Geotimes<br />
11, 2001<br />
Komatina MM (ed; 2004) Medical geology 2: Effects <strong>of</strong> geological environments on human<br />
health. Elsevier<br />
Sahai N, Schoonen MAA (eds; 2006) Medical mineralogy and geochemistry. Rev Mineral<br />
Geochem 64: 332 p.<br />
Sahai N (guest ed, 2007) Medical mineralogy and geochemistry. Elements 3, 6: 71 p.<br />
Selinus O, Finkelman RB, Centeno JA (eds; 2010) Medical geology. Springer<br />
Selinus O, Alloway B, Centeno JA, Finkelman RB, Fuge R, Lindh U, Smedley P (2005)<br />
Essentials <strong>of</strong> medical geology – impacts <strong>of</strong> the natural environment on public health. Elsevier<br />
Skinner HCW, Berger AR (eds; 2003) Geology and health – closing the gap. Oxford<br />
University Press<br />
32-2 16:15 Skinner, Catherine<br />
CONNECTING THE SILENT HAZARDS IN THE GEOENVIRONMENT: GEOCHEMISTRY<br />
AND BIOCHEMISTRY<br />
SKINNER, Catherine, Department <strong>of</strong> Geology and Geophysics, Yale University,<br />
Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, catherine.skinner@yale.edu<br />
The 92 naturally occurring elements on earth are found as inorganic and organic chemicals<br />
in rocks, soils, waters and air. They are also essential components <strong>of</strong> biomineralized life forms<br />
whose persistence implies specialized biochemical characteristics and mechanisms that insure<br />
survival. Their existence and aggregation have influenced elemental distribution over billions <strong>of</strong><br />
years. Humans, now the dominant force changing the geo-environment, require the same basic<br />
inputs as any species: air, water and food <strong>with</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> our society’s innovations all <strong>of</strong> which<br />
impact the environment. Buildings, cars, and e-mail enhance our ability to transport not only<br />
ourselves but our food, water and thoughts, but also have caused global redistribution <strong>of</strong> the<br />
elements, and changes that may influence our health.<br />
Today, elemental variations, anomalies, are noted on all continents. Some are considered<br />
“Silent Hazards” (invisible, odorless, tasteless) and in such small amounts that only highresolution<br />
analyses permit detection and accurate measurements. Any relationship <strong>with</strong><br />
morbidity or mortality requires painstaking procedures coupled <strong>with</strong> experimental data to<br />
address competing and /or complicating causation co-factors.<br />
Integration <strong>of</strong> geo- and biological scientists, medical and community health pr<strong>of</strong>essionals<br />
may lead to interpretations <strong>of</strong>ten confounded by differences in the human subjects and their<br />
life styles. The effects <strong>of</strong> genetics, metabolism, age, food intake, and exposures in distinct<br />
geographic localities are not easily determined nor can they be applied uniformly and globally.<br />
Meta analyses including experimental and clinical studies reinforce our willingness to establish<br />
levels <strong>of</strong> permissible exposure and usually in workplace environments. However, it may take<br />
years to show that restriction or elimination <strong>of</strong> a particular <strong>of</strong>fending element or compound and<br />
require additional scientific investigations as well as international cooperation.<br />
The notoriety <strong>of</strong> some diseases or elements may eventually lead to establishment <strong>of</strong><br />
scientifically based national public health standards the first step in assuring better global<br />
health.
32-3 16:50 Manning, Andrew H.<br />
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER QUALITY IN MINERALIZED<br />
WATERSHEDS<br />
MANNING, Andrew H. 1 , TODD, Andrew S. 2 , and VERPLANCK, Philip L. 1 , (1) U.S.<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> Survey, P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225-0046, amanning@<br />
usgs.gov, (2) U.S. <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225<br />
A unique long-term water chemistry dataset has been compiled for Upper Snake Creek, a<br />
stream draining a mineralized alpine watershed in the Front Range <strong>of</strong> Colorado, USA. Trace<br />
metal (mainly zinc) and sulfate concentrations in stream water at baseflow have increased by<br />
a factor <strong>of</strong> two to three over the past three decades. Although small mines are located in the<br />
watershed, they are abandoned and no mining or mine-remediation activities have occurred<br />
during this period. A similar increase in sulfate concentration has been observed in another<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the Colorado Rockies in lakes <strong>with</strong>in mineralized watersheds also free <strong>of</strong> recent mining<br />
activity. These trends are concerning because mineralized watersheds are common throughout<br />
the mountains <strong>of</strong> the western US, and further water quality degradation could negatively impact<br />
downstream drinking water resources and aquatic ecosystems. Climate change is a potential<br />
cause, but specific links between climate and the natural production <strong>of</strong> low-pH, metal-rich<br />
ground and surface water (acid-rock drainage) in mineralized watersheds is poorly understood.<br />
In this study, we employ the code TOUGHREACT to perform schematic numerical flow and<br />
reactive transport simulations to evaluate the relative importance <strong>of</strong> different climatic and<br />
hydrologic variables in the oxidation <strong>of</strong> sulfides in the subsurface in unmined settings. Inverse<br />
modeling techniques are used to quantify the sensitivity <strong>of</strong> acid-rock drainage production rates<br />
to various parameters. Preliminary results suggest that water-table depth, recharge rate, and<br />
the magnitude <strong>of</strong> seasonal water-table fluctuations are <strong>of</strong> primary importance. Climate change<br />
scenarios involving increasing temperature and decreasing snowpack, as predicted for much<br />
<strong>of</strong> the western US, may thus portend further water quality degradation in many mineralized<br />
watersheds due to decreasing groundwater recharge and falling water tables.<br />
32-4 17:10 Knappett, Peter S.K.<br />
TRANSPORT OF FECAL BACTERIA FROM PONDS TO AQUIFERS IN RURAL<br />
BANGLADESH: THE ROLE OF ADJACENT SEDIMENT GRAIN SIZE<br />
KNAPPETT, Peter S.K., Institute for Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Center for<br />
Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany, peter.<br />
knappett@helmholtz-muenchen.de, MCKAY, Larry, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Planetary<br />
Sciences, The University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410,<br />
LAYTON, Alice C., Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee,<br />
Knoxville, TN 37996, WILLIAMS, Daniel E., Center for Environmental Biotechnology,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee, 676 Dabeny-Beuhler Hall, 1416 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN<br />
37931, AHMED, K.M., Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Dhaka, Ramna, Dhaka,<br />
1000, Bangladesh, CULLIGAN, Patricia J., Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics,<br />
Columbia University, Room 626, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, MAILLOUX,<br />
Brian, Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, 404 Altschul, New<br />
York, NC 10027, EMCH, Michael, Department <strong>of</strong> Geography, University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina<br />
at Chapel Hill, Saunders 308, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, SERRE, Marc L., Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina at Chapel Hill,<br />
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3220, and VAN GEEN, A., Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory <strong>of</strong><br />
Columbia Univ, 61 Rte. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964<br />
Widespread fecal contamination observed in shallow aquifers in Bangladesh is suspected to<br />
contribute to high rates <strong>of</strong> diarrheal disease. In Bangladesh and other developing countries,<br />
ponds that receive untreated latrine effluent represent potential point sources <strong>of</strong> fecal<br />
contamination to drinking water wells emplaced <strong>with</strong>in shallow aquifers. This may be especially<br />
important during the monsoon when ponds tend to rapidly fill <strong>with</strong> contaminated run<strong>of</strong>f water<br />
and then drain into the ground. To test the hypotheses that ponds are sources <strong>of</strong> fecal bacteria<br />
to groundwater, nine transects <strong>of</strong> monitoring wells radiating away from four ponds were<br />
installed in a shallow sandy aquifer underlying a village in rural Bangladesh. Sediment coring<br />
revealed that two <strong>of</strong> these ponds were emplaced <strong>with</strong>in fine-grained sand, one was in fine,<br />
silty sand and one was in silt. Eight <strong>of</strong> the nine transects were sampled monthly for cultured<br />
E. coli from September 2008 through October 2009. E. coli was detected only at very low<br />
concentrations (800 MPN/100 mL) and molecular E.<br />
coli and Bacteroidales (>100,000 copies/100 mL) were found in monitoring wells in the aquifer<br />
adjacent to the two ponds emplaced <strong>with</strong>in clean sand. In June <strong>of</strong> 2009, water levels in all four<br />
ponds were artificially raised by 16 to 63 cm to simulate early monsoon flooding conditions<br />
and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were monitored at least once a week in four transects, one<br />
adjacent to each pond. Increases in FIB concentrations up to 7 meters away from two ponds<br />
were accompanied by increases in lateral hydraulic gradient. This only occurred adjacent to<br />
ponds emplaced <strong>with</strong>in clean sand, whereas FIB concentrations were very low or not-detected<br />
next to ponds emplaced <strong>with</strong>in silty sand or silt. Thus, whether ponds are point sources <strong>of</strong> fecal<br />
contamination depends sensitively on the grain size <strong>of</strong> sediments immediately adjacent to<br />
the ponds.<br />
32-5 17:25 Kipry, Judith<br />
BACTERIALLY INDUCED FERRIC MINERAL PRECIPITATION IN ACID MINE WATERS<br />
KIPRY, Judith1 , GÖTZ, Andreas2 , WIACEK, Claudia1 , SCHMAHL, Wolfgang2 , and<br />
SCHLÖMANN, Michael1 , (1) TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute <strong>of</strong> Bioscience,<br />
Environmental Microbiology, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg, 09599, Germany, judith.kipry@<br />
ioez.tu-freiberg.de, (2) LMU München, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences,<br />
Section <strong>of</strong> Applied Crystallography and Material Science, Theresienstraße 41/II, München,<br />
80333, Germany<br />
Ferric minerals are typically found in acid mine waters. These waters are characterized by low<br />
pH and high concentration <strong>of</strong> heavy metals e.g. iron. Acidophilic bacteria play an important role<br />
during mineral precipitation since chemical iron oxidation is negligible under acidic conditions.<br />
In addition to the supply <strong>of</strong> ferric ions for mineral precipitation iron oxidizing bacteria might<br />
function actively in mineral precipitation.<br />
We investigated two different species <strong>of</strong> iron oxidizing bacteria: first the acidophilic iron<br />
oxidizer Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, and second the moderately acidophilic iron oxidizer<br />
Thiomonas sp. and we analyzed their role during ferric mineral precipitation in acid mine<br />
waters. Both species differ in their way <strong>of</strong> iron oxidation and mineral precipitation. The analyses<br />
<strong>of</strong> chemical parameters during cultivation experiments <strong>of</strong> acidophilic and moderately acidophilic<br />
iron oxidizing bacteria suggested that iron oxidation and mineral formation occurred nearly<br />
simultaneously in Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and consecutively in Thiomonas sp.. Electron<br />
microscopic investigations revealed no direct interactions between Leptospirillum ferrooxidans<br />
cells and the precipitated mineral, whereas a partial incrustation <strong>of</strong> Thiomonas sp. cells could<br />
be observed. XRD indicated that goethite and lepidocrocite were produced in presence <strong>of</strong><br />
Thiomonas sp.. The precipitated mineral in experiments <strong>with</strong> Leptospirillum ferrooxidans was<br />
mainly composed <strong>of</strong> schwertmannite, a secondary metastable iron(III)-oxyhydroxysulfate <strong>with</strong><br />
a hedgehog like structure. Schwertmannite hedgehogs were <strong>of</strong>ten found in environmental<br />
samples. So far we suggested that the hedgehogs are incrusted bacteria cells. The present<br />
data demonstrate that the hedgehog like structure is the result <strong>of</strong> the oxidation rate and<br />
consequently <strong>of</strong> the supply <strong>of</strong> ferric ion and independent from the presence <strong>of</strong> bacterial cells.<br />
SESSION NO. 33<br />
SESSION NO. 33, 14:00<br />
Tuesday, 6 September 2011<br />
T3B. The Challenge <strong>of</strong> Understanding Continental<br />
Intraplate Earthquakes<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
33-1 14:00 Nasir, Asma<br />
HOW COMPLETE ARE HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE RECORDS IN CENTRAL EUROPE?<br />
NASIR, Asma1 , LENHARDT, Wolfgang A. 2 , HINTERSBERGER, Esther1 , and DECKER,<br />
Kurt3 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong> Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University <strong>of</strong> Vienna,<br />
Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria, asma.nasir@univie.ac.at, (2) Geophysics, ZAMG,<br />
Hohe Warte 38, Vienna, 1190, Austria, (3) Center for Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Vienna,<br />
Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria<br />
In Central Europe, a long settlement history provides the advantage <strong>of</strong> a long record <strong>of</strong><br />
historical seismic catalogues in a region characterized by low to medium seismicity. However,<br />
uncertainties <strong>with</strong> respect to intensity, reliability, homogeneity, and location accuracy provide<br />
a major challenge to prepare those catalogues for usage in seismic hazard assessment.<br />
Especially the incompleteness <strong>of</strong> historical records affects the determination <strong>of</strong> a and b<br />
parameters <strong>of</strong> Gutenberg-Richter (GR) relation which are crucial elements for earthquake<br />
recurrence interval estimations.<br />
Mainly two different approaches have been proposed for checking completeness <strong>of</strong> seismic<br />
catalogues: Temporal course <strong>of</strong> earthquake frequency (TCEF), generally used in Europe, and<br />
the completeness method proposed by Stepp (1972), based on statistical analysis <strong>of</strong> mean<br />
earthquake recurrence interval for varying time windows. We compared systematically the<br />
effects <strong>of</strong> those different methods on the GR relation, as well as the influence <strong>of</strong> removing foreand<br />
aftershocks.<br />
For this purpose, we created a new composite catalogue for Austria and the Vienna Basin,<br />
based on four different earthquake catalogues <strong>of</strong> different record length. The new composite<br />
catalogue includes data from surrounding regions such as the Vienna Basin outside Austria<br />
and a buffer region 100km outside the boundary <strong>of</strong> the Austria and Vienna basin. The<br />
composite catalogue covers data between 1048 - 2009AD. This newly compiled composite<br />
catalogue has been declustered manually using magnitude-dependent space and time<br />
windows.<br />
The derived a and b-parameters depend strongly on the completeness method we used.<br />
To avoid the ambiguities related to different local intensity magnitude conversions, the<br />
completeness checks are made for intensity. Stepp method seems to be more reliable because<br />
it does not include the highest intensity (I = X), because the observation period is too short for<br />
constraining a stable recurrence interval. On the other hand TCEF includes higher intensity<br />
classes for estimation <strong>of</strong> a and b-parameters <strong>of</strong> GR relation. Both completeness methods<br />
have been applied also on Vienna Basin source zone, a subset <strong>of</strong> the composite catalogue.<br />
Comparison shows that completeness <strong>of</strong> the entire dataset is apparently overestimated,<br />
especially for smaller intensities.<br />
33-2 14:15 Hintersberger, Esther<br />
AN UPDATED APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING PALEO-EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDES FROM<br />
MULTIPLE TRENCH OBSERVATIONS<br />
HINTERSBERGER, Esther, Department <strong>of</strong> Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria, esther.hintersberger@univie.ac.at<br />
and DECKER, Kurt, Center for Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Vienna, Althanstrasse 14,<br />
Vienna, 1090, Austria<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the major contributions <strong>of</strong> paleoseismology to seismic hazard assessment are<br />
paleoearthquake magnitudes. Especially in regions <strong>with</strong> low or moderate seismicity,<br />
paleomagnitudes are normally much larger than those <strong>of</strong> historical earthquakes. Biasi &<br />
Weldon (2006) proposed a probabilistic magnitude estimate given one observed displacement,<br />
taking into account the natural variability <strong>of</strong> surface displacement along a fault. However, in<br />
case <strong>of</strong> more observation points (i.e. trench sites) per fault, single-event displacements at<br />
different locations can be correlated and result in a larger set <strong>of</strong> observed displacements for<br />
each earthquake. This can be used to narrow down the possible magnitude range associated<br />
<strong>with</strong> the generating earthquake. Extrapolating the approach <strong>of</strong> Biasi and Weldon (2006),<br />
the single-observation probability density functions (PDF) are assumed to be independent<br />
<strong>of</strong> each other, since observations <strong>of</strong> each trench do not depend on the findings <strong>of</strong> other<br />
trenches. Following this line, the common PDF for all observed displacements generated<br />
by one earthquake is the product <strong>of</strong> all single-displacement PDFs. In order to test this idea<br />
to practicability, we used the results <strong>of</strong> a paleoseismological investigation <strong>with</strong>in the Vienna<br />
Pull-Apart Basin (Austria), where 3 trenches were opened along the normal Markgrafneusiedl<br />
Fault (MGNSF). Even if the Vienna Basin is characterized by low to medium seismicity (Mmax<br />
= 5.3/Imax = 8), there is no historical seismicity recorded along the MGNSF. However, our<br />
studies provide evidence for at least 5 major earthquakes <strong>with</strong> M > 6.0 along the MGNSF<br />
during the last ~ 100 ka. Using events that are observed <strong>with</strong>in all 3 trench sites, we derived<br />
common magnitude PDFs for each set <strong>of</strong> observed displacements related to a single event.<br />
As expected, the final magnitude PDFs are narrower than those <strong>of</strong> the single-event magnitude<br />
PDFs. In addition, they are dominated by the largest observed displacement, especially <strong>with</strong><br />
respect to the lowest magnitude that could have generated all observed displacements. In total,<br />
this approach seems to be a suitable method to combine observations from different locations<br />
to one magnitude value accounting for the natural variances <strong>of</strong> observed along-strike surface<br />
displacement. Reference: Biasi & Weldon (2006), BSSA 96, pp. 1612-1623.<br />
33-3 14:30 Berberich, Gabriele<br />
GEOBIOSCIENCE: RED WOOD ANT MOUNDS AS BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR<br />
NEOTECTONIC EARTHQUAKE-BEARING FAULT SYSTEMS<br />
BERBERICH, Gabriele, Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Duisburg-Essen,<br />
Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen, 45141, Germany, gabriele.berberich@uni-due.de and<br />
SCHREIBER, Ulrich, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Biology, <strong>Geological</strong> Section, University <strong>of</strong> Duisburg-Essen,<br />
Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, Germany<br />
The volcanic West Eifel (Germany) is part <strong>of</strong> the Variscan folded Rhenoherzynikum that was<br />
tectonically sheared in Mesozoic and Cenozoic times according to multiple changes <strong>of</strong> principal<br />
stress directions. The current stress field <strong>with</strong> a NW-SE-trending main stress direction opens<br />
pathways for geogenic gases. At the same time, Variscan faults that are part <strong>of</strong> a conjugated<br />
shear system, are reactivated. In the 1990s, equidistant neotectonic W-E-trending strike-slip<br />
fault systems were identified in coalmines <strong>of</strong> the Ruhr Carboniferous. The question was if<br />
it is possible to identify these fault systems also in areas <strong>with</strong>out any mines or outcrops by<br />
bioindicators as red wood ants (RWA, genus Formica).<br />
RWA have a strong affinity for gas-permeable earthquake-bearing neotectonic fault systems.<br />
There are first indications, that geogenic gases ascending from faults play a decisive role.<br />
Munich, Germany A47<br />
Tuesday
SESSION NO. 33<br />
Whether the higher CO 2 concentrations provided by these faults create an optimal mound<br />
climate and supports the respiration system are discussed.<br />
In the West Eifel, a comprehensive investigation <strong>of</strong> an area <strong>of</strong> 1,140 km² and about 490<br />
km² forest area was successfully conducted and the correlation between RWA mound sites<br />
and neotectonic fault systems established (Berberich 2010). The results show linear arrays<br />
and clusters <strong>of</strong> more than 2,900 RWA mounds. The linear distribution correlates <strong>with</strong> strikeslip<br />
fault systems documented by quartz, ore veins and slickensides. The clusters represent<br />
intersections <strong>of</strong> two dominant fault systems and can be correlated <strong>with</strong> voids caused by crustal<br />
block rotation.<br />
Due to the sub-recent volcanism, numerous mineral springs arise on the fault systems. Gas<br />
analysis <strong>of</strong> CO 2 , Helium and Radon <strong>of</strong> soil air and mineral springs reveal limiting concentrations<br />
for the distribution <strong>of</strong> mounds and colonisation. The almost complete absence <strong>of</strong> mounds in<br />
the core area (159 km²) <strong>of</strong> the Quaternary volcanic field is striking. Occasionally occurring H 2 S<br />
in the fault systems that is toxic at miniscule concentrations to the ants might be the reason.<br />
Viewed overall, the results are showing a strong dependence <strong>of</strong> the distribution <strong>of</strong> RWA<br />
mounds on the neotectonic faults in the Eifel.<br />
Berberich, G. (2010): Identifikation junger gasführender Störungszonen in der West- und<br />
Hocheifel mit Hilfe von Bioindikatoren. Dissertation. Essen, 2010.<br />
33-4 14:45 Stein, Seth<br />
MIGRATING EARTHQUAKES AND FAULTS SWITCHING ON AND OFF: A COMPLEX<br />
SYSTEM VIEW OF INTRACONTINENTAL EARTHQUAKES<br />
STEIN, Seth, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, 1850 Campus<br />
Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-2150, seth@earth.northwestern.edu, LIU, Mian, Department <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, Univ <strong>of</strong> Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, and CALAIS, Eric,<br />
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906<br />
Intracontinental seismic zones have traditionally been treated like slowly deforming (< 2 mm/yr)<br />
plate boundaries. In that model, one expects steady deformation focused in narrow zones,<br />
such that the past rates and locations shown by geology and the earthquake record would be<br />
consistent <strong>with</strong> present and future deformation and seismicity. However, data from China, North<br />
<strong>America</strong>, NW Europe, and Australia reveal a different picture: earthquakes migrate between<br />
faults, which remain inactive for long periods and then have pulses <strong>of</strong> activity. A 2000-year<br />
record from North China shows that large (M>7) earthquakes migrated, <strong>with</strong> none repeating on<br />
the same fault segment. In addition, GPS studies in the New Madrid and other intracontinental<br />
seismic zones still fail to detect significant strain accumulation, also in contrast <strong>with</strong> a slow plate<br />
boundary-type model.<br />
This time- and space-variable behavior arises because in mid-continents tectonic loading is<br />
slow and stress in the crust is strongly influenced by mechanical interaction among a network<br />
<strong>of</strong> widespread faults. Slow loading also causes aftershock sequences to continue for hundreds<br />
<strong>of</strong> years, much longer than at plate boundaries. As a result, the past earthquake history can be<br />
a poor predictor <strong>of</strong> the future. Conventional seismic hazard assessment, which assumes steady<br />
behavior over 500-2500 years, can overestimate risks in regions <strong>of</strong> recent large earthquakes<br />
and underestimate them elsewhere. For example, the May 2008 Sichuan earthquake occurred<br />
on a fault system that was considered to be at low level <strong>of</strong> hazard, due to the lack <strong>of</strong> recent<br />
seismicity and low slip rates.<br />
In contrast to a plate boundary fault that gives quasi-periodic earthquakes, the interacting<br />
fault networks in midcontinents predict complex variability <strong>of</strong> earthquakes. Approaching<br />
intracontinental seismic zones as a complex system is necessary to improve our understanding<br />
<strong>of</strong> midcontinental tectonics, the resulting earthquakes, and the hazards they pose.<br />
33-5 15:00 Liu, Mian<br />
FAULT INTERACTION AND EARTHQUAKES: INSIGHTS FROM NUMERICAL MODELING<br />
LIU, Mian, Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, Univ <strong>of</strong> Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO<br />
65211, lium@missouri.edu and LUO, Gang, Bureau <strong>of</strong> Economic Geology, Jackson School<br />
<strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713<br />
In broad plate boundary zones such as the San Andreas Fault, the tectonic loading from<br />
relative plate motion is accommodated by a system <strong>of</strong> mechanically coupled faults. Similar<br />
fault coupling in mid-continents is suggested by the migrating earthquakes and complementary<br />
moment release between widespread fault systems in North China and other regions. To<br />
investigate the mechanical coupling between faults over thousands <strong>of</strong> years <strong>with</strong> multiple<br />
seismic cycles, we developed a three-dimensional viscoelastic-plastic finite element model<br />
that simulates stress evolution in the crust <strong>with</strong> a system <strong>of</strong> faults. Synthetic earthquakes on<br />
these faults, occurring when stress reaches predefined plastic yield strength, are simulated by<br />
certain amount <strong>of</strong> plastic strain or stress drop on the ruptured fault planes. We have applied<br />
this model to explore fault interaction in southern California and eastern Tibetan Plateau. In<br />
southern California, the Pacific-North <strong>America</strong> relative plate motion is mainly accommodated<br />
by the subparallel San Andreas Fault and the San Jacinto Fault. Our results show that the<br />
cluster <strong>of</strong> nine magnitude 6-7 earthquakes on the San Jacinto fault in the past 300 years may<br />
have significantly reduced the loading rate on the southern San Andreas Fault, which has<br />
been seismically quiescent during this period and is anticipated to produce a big earthquake.<br />
Similarly in eastern Tibetan Plateau, we find that the variations <strong>of</strong> seismicity on the fast-slipping<br />
Xianshuhe fault may influence the loading rate on the adjacent Longmanshan fault, which<br />
produced the 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake.<br />
33-6 15:35 Madritsch, Herfried<br />
SEISMOLOGICAL INDICATION AND GEOMORPHIC EVIDENCE FOR QUATERNARY TO<br />
RECENT SHORTENING ALONG THE NORTHWESTERN ALPINE FRONT (EASTERN<br />
FRANCE)<br />
MADRITSCH, Herfried, Nagra, Hardstrasse 73, Wettingen, 5430, Switzerland,<br />
herfried.madritsch@nagra.ch, FABBRI, Olivier, Universitè de Franche Comté,<br />
Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement - UMR 6249, Route de Gray 16, Besançon, 25030,<br />
France, PREUSSER, Frank, Stockholm University, Institute for Physical Geography,<br />
Svante Arrhenius väg 8, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden, and SCHMID, Stefan, ETH Zürich,<br />
Institut f. Geophysik, Sonneggstrasse 5, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland<br />
Along the northwestern Alpine front in eastern France the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene<br />
thin-skinned Jura fold-and-thrust belt encroached onto the Eo-Oligocene Rhine-Bresse Transfer<br />
Zone, a central segment <strong>of</strong> the European Rift system that developed along a Late Paleozoic<br />
trough system. Until recently this region was characterized by remarkably low seismic activity,<br />
in particular when compared to the neighbouring southern Upper Rhine Graben. In February<br />
2004 the area was shook by a M 4.8 earthquake. The epicenter <strong>of</strong> this comparatively strong<br />
L<br />
seismic event was located near the city <strong>of</strong> Besançon at approx. 15 km depth and revealed the<br />
first reliable transpressional focal mechanism in the wider region otherwise predominated by<br />
strike-slip and normal faulting mechanisms.<br />
These new seismological indications prompted multidisciplinary field investigations, including<br />
subsurface analyses and paleotopographic reconstructions. The results indicate that along this<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the Alpine front, contractional deformation did not cease after the Early Pliocene but<br />
continued during the Quaternary and is most probably still ongoing. Most remarkably, paleomeanders<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Doubs River were found to be folded along an anticline axis <strong>with</strong>in the city<br />
center <strong>of</strong> Besançon recording Late Quaternary fold growth that is associated <strong>with</strong> a minimum<br />
A48 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
rock uplift <strong>of</strong> 13 m. Local rock uplift rates related to Quaternary folding estimated from OSLdating<br />
<strong>of</strong> oxbow lake deposits measure 0.17 ± 0.05 mm a 1 .<br />
Considering the regional seismicity depth distribution it is apparent that active deformation<br />
along the front <strong>of</strong> the Jura fold-and-thrust belt is no longer entirely thin-skinned but involves a<br />
thick-skinned component, possibly the inversion <strong>of</strong> Paleozoic crustal discontinuities that appear<br />
to have governed the tectonic evolution <strong>of</strong> the region since Early Cenozoic times. Indeed, the<br />
earthquake <strong>of</strong> Besançon may represent a first seismological indication for ongoing tectonic<br />
underplating in northern Alpine foreland (Madritsch et al. 2010 and references therein).<br />
Reference:<br />
Madritsch, H., Preusser, F., Fabbri, O., Bichet, V., Schlunegger, F., Schmid, S.M. (2010):<br />
Late Quaternary folding in the Jura Mountains: Evidence from synerosional folding <strong>of</strong> fluvial<br />
meanders. Terra Nova 22, 147-154.<br />
.<br />
33-7 15:50 Vanneste, Kris<br />
SUMMARY OF PALEOSEISMIC RESEARCH ON A BORDER FAULT OF THE ROER VALLEY<br />
RIFT SYSTEM, BELGIUM<br />
VANNESTE, Kris, VERBEECK, Koen, and CAMELBEECK, Thierry, Royal Observatory <strong>of</strong><br />
Belgium, Brussels, 1180, Belgium, kris.vanneste@oma.be<br />
The Roer Valley Rift System (RVRS), a system <strong>of</strong> NW-SE oriented normal faults in the border<br />
area <strong>of</strong> Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany, was one <strong>of</strong> the first tectonic structures in<br />
intraplate Europe north <strong>of</strong> the Alps where paleoseismic investigations were conducted. Early<br />
investigations focused on the Bree fault scarp, a portion <strong>of</strong> the SW border fault that is well<br />
expressed in the morphology in Belgium, and provided evidence that large surface-rupturing<br />
earthquakes <strong>with</strong> magnitudes <strong>of</strong> M =6.3 or larger have occurred during the Holocene and<br />
W<br />
late Pleistocene. At one site, six paleoearthquakes were identified, five <strong>of</strong> which occurred in<br />
the past ~125 kyr. This indicates that deformation in the RVRS is a near-continuous process.<br />
Over the past several years, we extended the investigation to the adjacent section <strong>of</strong> the<br />
fault in the Belgian Maas River valley. The surficial sediments in this area are much younger<br />
(mainly late Weichselian to Late Glacial), and thus record less cumulative <strong>of</strong>fset. Consequently,<br />
the geomorphic expression <strong>of</strong> the fault is subdued. Using electric-resistivity tomography and<br />
ground-penetrating radar, we were able to identify the fault in the shallow subsurface, and<br />
we found evidence for a left stepover a few hundreds <strong>of</strong> meters wide. Two trenches were<br />
excavated south <strong>of</strong> this stepover. We found evidence for a late Holocene paleoearthquake in<br />
both trenches. Radiocarbon and OSL dating constrain the event between 2.5 ± 0.3 and 3.1 ±<br />
0.3 kyr, and between 2790 ± 20 and 3770 ± 50 calibrated years before AD 2005, respectively.<br />
Thin-section analysis confirmed our identification <strong>of</strong> the prefaulting soil and the overlying<br />
scarp-derived colluvium, which are primary coseismic evidence. In both trenches this event<br />
is associated <strong>with</strong> liquefaction, including a series <strong>of</strong> sand blows and a gravel dike. These<br />
features are compelling evidence for strong co-seismic shaking. In one trench, we identified<br />
a second paleoearthquake which was OSL-dated between 15.9 ± 1.1 and 18.2 ± 1.3 ka kyr.<br />
The ages obtained for the two paleoearthquakes in the Maas River valley are in relatively<br />
good agreement <strong>with</strong> those obtained on the Bree fault scarp. This raises the possibility that the<br />
investigated border fault defines a single, 30-km-long rupture segment, capable <strong>of</strong> producing<br />
M =6.7 earthquakes.<br />
W<br />
33-8 16:05 Kübler, Simon<br />
EVIDENCE OF COSEISMIC SURFACE RUPTURING IN THE LOWER RHINE EMBAYMENT:<br />
A POSSIBLE SOURCE FOR THE 1756 DÜREN EARTHQUAKE<br />
KÜBLER, Simon1 , FRIEDRICH, Anke M. 1 , and STRECKER, Manfred R. 2 , (1) Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Luisenstrasse 37,<br />
Munich, 80333, Germany, kuebler@iaag.geo.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Earth and<br />
Environmental Science, University Potsdam, K.-Liebknecht-Str.24/25, Haus 27, Golm-<br />
Potsdam, 14476, Germany<br />
Intraplate earthquakes pose a significant hazard in populated regions like central Europe. While<br />
the locations <strong>of</strong> potentially active faults are well known, our data base about the recurrence <strong>of</strong><br />
earthquakes on these faults is rudimentary. The current debate ranges from slip dominated by<br />
large seismogenic ruptures to slip dominated by aseismic creep. Field evidence in support <strong>of</strong><br />
the former is sparse, and hence, some authors concluded that many faults in central Europe<br />
deform by slow aseismic creep rather than by large, ground rupturing earthquakes.<br />
We report new results from a paleoseismic study across the Schafberg fault in the area <strong>of</strong><br />
Germany’s largest historical earthquake (1756 AD, M 6.2 ± 0.2) that clearly revealed field<br />
L<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> significant damage <strong>of</strong> the earth’s near-surface layers due to seismogenic faulting.<br />
At the trench site the fault is covered by < 5 m-thick Holocene fluvial gravel and flood deposits<br />
overlaying Lower Devonian shale. Our mapping revealed a surface <strong>of</strong>fset <strong>of</strong> ~ 1m and a narrow<br />
zone <strong>of</strong> localized deformation expressed by abundant fractures <strong>with</strong> aligned and broken clasts<br />
extending vertically throughout the entire gravel unit. We mapped 237 fractured clasts and the<br />
long-axis orientation <strong>of</strong> ~ 10.000 clasts, which defines a ~ 10 m-wide deformation zone that<br />
coincides <strong>with</strong> the surface <strong>of</strong>fset.<br />
We interpret these features as the result <strong>of</strong> coseismic deformation at the near-surface end<br />
<strong>of</strong> the rupture, and we rule out slow deformation due to aseismic creep as governing process<br />
to cause rupturing <strong>of</strong> pebbles this close to the surface. Preliminary radiocarbon data bracket<br />
the event horizon to Latest Holocene age, which may correspond to the 1756 event. Further<br />
analyses are in progress.<br />
We identified coseismic deformation at the Untermaubach site, because special conditions<br />
produced a number <strong>of</strong> features not normally observed in other fault exposures. The thin<br />
sedimentary cover (< 5 m) above basement rocks and the high water table may have<br />
played an important role in producing this unusual deformation pattern. Our results imply<br />
that seismogenic surface ruptures in continental interiors may be more common than<br />
previously thought.<br />
33-9 16:20 Beidinger, Andreas<br />
GEOMETRICAL FAULT SEGMENTATION AND ACTIVE KINEMATICS OF THE VIENNA<br />
BASIN STRIKE-SLIP FAULT<br />
BEIDINGER, Andreas, Center for Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Vienna, Althanstrasse<br />
14, Vienna, 1090, Austria, andreas.beidinger@univie.ac.at, DECKER, Kurt, Center<br />
for Earth Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria, and<br />
ROCH, Karl Heinz, Institute <strong>of</strong> Geodesy and Geophysics, Vienna University <strong>of</strong> Technology,<br />
Gusshausstrasse 27-29, Vienna, 1040, Austria<br />
Active faulting in the Vienna Basin area is characterized by slow crustal movements <strong>with</strong> slip<br />
rates <strong>of</strong> c. 1-2 mm/yr and moderate earthquakes <strong>with</strong> focal depths situated between 12 to<br />
3 km, which are concentrated along the sinistral Vienna Basin strike-slip fault system. The fault<br />
system extends from the Eastern Alps through the Vienna Basin into the West Carpathians. It<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> several segments, which differ both in their kinematic and seismotectonic properties.<br />
Mapping <strong>of</strong> industrial 2D seismic, geomorphological data, GPR studies and Quaternary<br />
basin analysis proves that active deformation uses Miocene faults. This is shown in detail for<br />
the negative flower structure <strong>of</strong> the Lassee Fault Segment, which shows virtually no seismic<br />
energy release during the last 4 centuries. The flower structure developed during the Middle<br />
and Upper Miocene and consists <strong>of</strong> en-echelon arranged Riedel-type splay faults, which merge<br />
into a major branch line at the top <strong>of</strong> the principle displacement zone (PDZ) in approximately
3.5-5.5 km depth. The array <strong>of</strong> Quaternary fault scarps at the surface reflects the complex fault<br />
geometries <strong>of</strong> the Riedel-type splay faults <strong>of</strong> the reactivated Miocene flower structure at greater<br />
depth. The overlying Quaternary Lassee Basin is confined by en-echelon, right-stepping fault<br />
scarps coinciding <strong>with</strong> the NW and SE boundaries <strong>of</strong> the flower strucuture. High-resolution<br />
GPR measurements at a scarp, which coincides <strong>with</strong> a fault zone at the SE boundary <strong>of</strong> the<br />
flower structure, mapped at least four distinct surface-breaking faults along this scarp.<br />
Further mapping <strong>of</strong> the top <strong>of</strong> the PDZ at seismogenic depth in the SW- and NE-continuation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Lassee Segment depicts several releasing and non-releasing bends along the sinistral<br />
fault system, which are delimited by significant fault bends <strong>of</strong> 20° - 35° degrees. NE- and NNE-<br />
striking segments such as the Lassee Segment <strong>with</strong> releasing geometries are associated <strong>with</strong><br />
Quaternary basins, whereas ENE-striking non-releasing segments are oriented parallel to<br />
the displacement vector. The significant fault bends delimiting the geometrical fault segments<br />
are regarded to act as impediments during dynamic rupture propagation. Hence, the inferred<br />
fault segment dimensions can be used for constraining the maximum fault surfaces, which can<br />
break during single earthquakes.<br />
33-10 16:35 Stepancikova, Petra<br />
LATE QUATERNARY FAULTING ON THE SUDETIC MARGINAL FAULT; BÍLÁ VODA SITE<br />
(BOHEMIAN MASSIF)<br />
STEPANCIKOVA, Petra1 , NYVLT, Daniel2 , HOK, Jozef3 , and HARTVICH, Filip1 , (1) Institute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Rock Structure and Mechanics, Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences <strong>of</strong> the Czech Republic,<br />
V Holesovickach 41, Prague, 182 09, Czech Republic, petstep@centrum.cz, (2) Brno<br />
Branch, Czech <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, Leitnerova 22, Brno, 65869, Czech Republic, (3) Dept.<br />
<strong>of</strong> Geology and Paleontology, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska<br />
dolina, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovakia<br />
The Sudetic Marginal Fault (SMF) is a part <strong>of</strong> the WNW-striking Elbe Fault System and is<br />
situated in the north-eastern limit <strong>of</strong> the Bohemian Massif (central Europe). For a length<br />
<strong>of</strong> 130 km the SMF controls the pronounced mountain front <strong>of</strong> the Sudetic Mountains. The<br />
SMF does not show present-day seismicity and the historic earthquakes recorded <strong>with</strong>in the<br />
fault zone had epicentral intensity estimated to reach only I =4-7 (MSK). These intensities<br />
0<br />
would correspond to macroseismic magnitude M =3-4.9, so the earthquakes were not large<br />
M<br />
enough to create the morphology. Thus, the study <strong>of</strong> a potential presence <strong>of</strong> large prehistoric<br />
earthquakes responsible for the origin <strong>of</strong> the mountain front was carried out.<br />
Five trenches across the SMF were performed at the locality Bílá Voda (Czech Republic) in<br />
order to study the mountain front. The trenches revealed subvertical fault zone (striking 135°-<br />
150°/75°NE) <strong>with</strong> a flower structure suggesting strike-slip movements, which divides Paleozoic<br />
crystalline rocks (phyllites, gneisses, granitic aplite) on the footwall from Late Quaternary<br />
colluvial deposits mostly overlaying warped Miocene sediments on the hanging-wall. These<br />
colluvial deposits close to the fault show characteristics <strong>of</strong> fault-derived colluvial wedges and<br />
their ages constrained by OSL and radiocarbon dating range from 9.5 ka to 2.6 ka. Along <strong>with</strong><br />
deformed overlaying banded layers dated as ca 2.6 ka to 0.8 ka they suggest at least four to<br />
five large morphogenic earthquakes during late Quaternary (Holocene). The youngest recorded<br />
faulting (probably horizontal movement <strong>with</strong> a vertical compression component), which<br />
deformed the banded layers displays the vertical component around 35 cm. The amount <strong>of</strong><br />
this youngest movement is in accordance <strong>with</strong> the authors´ published results from the previous<br />
trenching at the site Vlčice u Javorníka, and based on the empirical relationship ‘magnitude<br />
versus maximum vertical displacement’, the minimum moment magnitude on the SMF is<br />
expected to be M 6.3. However, as the prevailing movements here are horizontal, further<br />
trenching parallel to the fault is a subject <strong>of</strong> further work to specify the amount <strong>of</strong> horizontal<br />
<strong>of</strong>fset and the related slip-rate.<br />
33-11 16:50 Keller, G. Randy<br />
THE SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA AULACOGEN: 300 MILLION YEARS OF INTRAPLATE<br />
TECTONIC INVERSION INCLUDING REPEATED EPISODES OF HOLOCENE<br />
REACTIVATION<br />
KELLER, G. Randy1 , AL-REFAEE, Hamed2 , HOLLAND, Austin3 , LUZA, Kenneth V. 3 ,<br />
and GILBERT, M.C. 2 , (1) Mewbourne College <strong>of</strong> Earth and Energy, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, grkeller@ou.edu, (2) School <strong>of</strong> Geology and Geophysics,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd, Norman, OK 73019, (3) Oklahoma <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Survey, University <strong>of</strong> Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd St, Energy Center, Rm. N-131, Norman,<br />
OK 73019-0628<br />
The structural framework <strong>of</strong> southern Laurentia was established in the early Cambrian as the<br />
Rodinian supercontinent broke up. The Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen extends across the<br />
southwestern U. S. and is a classic example <strong>of</strong> an intraplate rift that failed during this Cambrian<br />
rifting and was massively inverted in the Carboniferous. The scale <strong>of</strong> Cambrian magmatic<br />
modification <strong>of</strong> the middle and upper crust was very large and was followed by the formation<br />
<strong>of</strong> a 3 km deep post-rift basin, which was in turn followed by a huge (up to 15 km) structural<br />
inversion The result is the 15 km deep Anadarko basin that is floored by igneous and basement<br />
rocks that outcrop in adjacent uplifts and a major intracratonic structure that is ~1500 km long.<br />
The Meers Fault is located on the adjacent Wichita uplift and is the only documented Holocene<br />
fault scarp in the North <strong>America</strong>n mid-continent region. It is the southernmost element <strong>of</strong> the<br />
complex and massive (>10 km <strong>of</strong> throw) frontal fault zone that forms the boundary between<br />
the Anadarko basin, which is the deepest intra-continental basin in the United States, and<br />
the uplifted igneous rocks exposed in the Wichita Mountains. The most recent movement<br />
occurred 1100-1300 years ago <strong>with</strong> an earlier movement 2,000-2,900 years ago and an even<br />
earlier event in the middle-Pleistocene. There is as much as 5 m <strong>of</strong> vertical displacement and<br />
probably appreciably more left-lateral strike slip displacement on the fault. Motion on the Meers<br />
Fault represents continued activity on one <strong>of</strong> the largest structural features in North <strong>America</strong>.<br />
Recently released images from an industry 3-D seismic reflection survey suggest that the<br />
Meers fault is located on a major deep-seated structure and is potentially an inverted normal<br />
fault <strong>of</strong> Cambrian age.<br />
SESSION NO. 34<br />
SESSION NO. 34, 08:30<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
S3. Plenary: Local-Scale Processes: Local Events<br />
<strong>with</strong> Global Impact (Volcanic Eruptions)<br />
(LMU Fragile Earth Fund)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, E 120<br />
(Grosse Aula)<br />
34-1 08:35 Neuberg, Juergen W.<br />
MULTIDISCIPLINARY VOLCANO MONITORING PROGRAMS AND THEIR USE IN RISK<br />
ASSESSMENT<br />
NEUBERG, Juergen W., Institute <strong>of</strong> Geophysics & Tectonics, The University <strong>of</strong> Leeds,<br />
School <strong>of</strong> Earth & Environment, Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom, J.Neuberg@<br />
see.leeds.ac.uk<br />
Volcano seismology is at the core <strong>of</strong> any monitoring program on dormant and active volcanoes<br />
alike, but its full potential can only be developed if seismological methodology is combined<br />
<strong>with</strong> other techniques regarding both monitoring and modeling. Therefore, we shall set modern<br />
volcano seismology in a wider volcanological context and demonstrate how much can be<br />
gained in understanding <strong>of</strong> volcanic processes through multi-disciplinary approaches.<br />
The second aspect <strong>of</strong> this talk addresses the impact volcanological research has for endusers<br />
in volcano observatories and other institutions charged <strong>with</strong> volcano monitoring and risk<br />
assessment. Which monitoring techniques and models from the huge pool <strong>of</strong> research results<br />
are actually useful to guide volcanic forecasting and risk mitigation on different timescales? We<br />
shall discuss achievements and challenges, and ask what future volcanological research might<br />
address.<br />
34-2 09:05 Walter, Thomas R.<br />
VOLCANO DEFORMATION MONITORING: INNOVATIONS AND SCALES, NOISE AND DATA<br />
WALTER, Thomas R., Physics <strong>of</strong> the Earth, GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam 14478 Germany,<br />
twalter@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
Local volcano eruptions may lead to cross border natural disasters, as last documented<br />
during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption. Although such events <strong>of</strong>ten arise from a cascade<br />
<strong>of</strong> processes, volcano deformation data acquired before the eruption provided an important<br />
information source about the state <strong>of</strong> activity before eruption onset. In many cases, deformation<br />
measurements even successfully contributed to eruption forecast. Here I firstly discuss the<br />
lessons learned from such well monitored volcano activities, and outline the state <strong>of</strong> the art<br />
technical advancements <strong>of</strong> data gathering. Deformation observations may be on high spatial<br />
scale, or on high temporal scale, though only few methods combine high spatial and temporal<br />
scales. Many <strong>of</strong> the methods are expensive and complex, thus not pragmatic for most volcano<br />
observatories. Methods such as GPS, differential satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) and<br />
their time series (SBAS and PSI), levelling and innovative optical and microwave sensing from<br />
space and the ground are reviewed, and their potential for improved volcano monotoring and<br />
hazard assessment discussed.<br />
34-3 09:35 Papale, Paolo<br />
TOWARDS A GLOBALLY CONSISTENT DYNAMIC PICTURE OF PRE-ERUPTION VOLCANO<br />
DYNAMICS<br />
PAPALE, Paolo, LONGO, Antonella, SACCOROTTI, Gilberto, and MONTAGNA, Chiara,<br />
Sezione di Pisa, Istituto Nazionale di Ge<strong>of</strong>isica e Vulcanologia, Via della Faggiola 32,<br />
Pisa, 56126, Italy, papale@pi.ingv.it<br />
Understanding the processes and dynamics characterizing underground magmatic bodies,<br />
and their relationships <strong>with</strong> recorded geophysical signals, is necessary for the implementation<br />
<strong>of</strong> robust early warning systems and short-term volcanic hazard forecast. That understanding<br />
requires a multi-disciplinary approach where virtually all branches <strong>of</strong> volcanology concur to the<br />
definition <strong>of</strong> a consistent and physically sound dynamic picture <strong>of</strong> the volcanic system. Past<br />
eruptive histories, magma and fluid geochemistry, petrology, and geophysical/geochemical<br />
surveys provide constraints to the underground system in terms <strong>of</strong> size, geometries, presence<br />
<strong>of</strong> multiple reservoirs, composition <strong>of</strong> magmas involved, volatile species, characteristics <strong>of</strong><br />
country rocks, etc. Laboratory determinations and modeling <strong>of</strong> relevant magma/rock properties<br />
provide constitutive equations at the P-T conditions encountered up to several km in the<br />
crust, together <strong>with</strong> knowledge <strong>of</strong> the basic physics characterizing Earth materials at different<br />
dynamic states. Physical and mathematical modeling <strong>of</strong> transport phenomena in multiphase<br />
fluids <strong>with</strong> phase changes, and numerical solution <strong>of</strong> the resulting system <strong>of</strong> non-linear<br />
partial differential equations, allow a time-space description <strong>of</strong> the processes characterizing<br />
movements <strong>of</strong> magmas in deep volcanic regions, including mixing <strong>of</strong> compositionally diverse<br />
magmas. Integration <strong>of</strong> time-space mass distribution, and dynamic coupling <strong>with</strong> rock<br />
elasto-dynamics, leads finally to the determination <strong>of</strong> micro-gravity anomalies and ground<br />
displacement dynamics in the quasi-static and seismic frequency bands. First applications<br />
to real volcanoes covering a range <strong>of</strong> magma compositions, volatile contents, size and<br />
geometrical complexity <strong>of</strong> the magmatic system, allow an evaluation <strong>of</strong> the different roles<br />
<strong>of</strong> several quantities in determining magma dynamics and associated signals. All <strong>of</strong> the<br />
results obtained so far concur to suggest that i) simple point-source or homogeneous source<br />
assumptions commonly employed in signal inversion analyses can lead to substantial<br />
misinterpretations, and that ii) correlated ground displacement and gravity oscillations in the<br />
Ultra-Long-Period frequency range (> or >> 100 s) can be diagnostic <strong>of</strong> on-going magma<br />
convection dynamics.<br />
34-4 10:05 Cashman, Katharine V.<br />
THE LONG SHADOW OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS: THE ORIGIN AND IMPACT OF<br />
VOLCANIC ASH<br />
CASHMAN, Katharine V., Dept. <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, Univ. <strong>of</strong> Oregon, Eugene, OR<br />
97403 1272, cashman@uoregon.edu<br />
The April 2010 eruption <strong>of</strong> Eyjafjallajokull volcano, Iceland, highlighted the hazards posed to<br />
air traffic by even small explosive volcanic eruptions. It also highlighted gaps in our knowledge<br />
<strong>of</strong> ash generation, particularly the particle size range expected for different eruption conditions.<br />
Challenges to addressing this question include both documenting the total grain size<br />
distribution (TGSD) <strong>of</strong> past eruptions and relating grain size distributions to processes that<br />
operate during magma ascent and eruption. Recent detailed studies <strong>of</strong> several well constrained<br />
pyroclastic fall deposits have partially addressed the first challenge, and show that the TGSD <strong>of</strong><br />
magmatic fall deposits is closely linked to eruption style: energetic silicic Plinian and subplinan<br />
eruptions commonly produce fall deposits where > 50% <strong>of</strong> the erupted mass is ≤ 100µm in<br />
Munich, Germany A49<br />
Wednesday
SESSION NO. 34<br />
size, while mafic Strombolian and Hawaiian eruptive deposits are dominated by clast sizes <strong>of</strong><br />
> 10-100 mm. These differences can be explained by different fragmentation mechanisms: in<br />
low crystallinity silicic systems, fragmentation is brittle and controlled by local stresses caused<br />
by rapid expansion <strong>of</strong> individual bubbles or bubble clusters; in mafic systems, fragmentation<br />
is ductile and controlled by instabilities in the liquid phase – bubble expansion serves mainly<br />
to accelerate the liquid. More poorly understood are controls on fragmentation in eruptions<br />
that are intermediate in both intensity and composition. Pyroclasts from these eruptions <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
have moderately to highly microcrystalline groundmass textures and correspondingly variable<br />
bulk vesicularities; notably, mean clast size is typically at least an order <strong>of</strong> magnitude larger<br />
than individual bubble and crystal sizes and pyroclast shapes range from angular (brittle)<br />
to rounded (ductile). External shape, in turn, controls the abrasiveness <strong>of</strong> the ash particles.<br />
Understanding the relationships among conditions <strong>of</strong> magma ascent, internal clast textures,<br />
external clast shape, and fragmentation processes represents an important step for improving<br />
our understanding <strong>of</strong> hazards posed by volcanic ash.<br />
SESSION NO. 35, 11:00<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
Special Session: Recent Megathrust Earthquakes<br />
and Tsunamis: Observations and Processes II<br />
(LMU Fragile Earth Fund; GSA International Section;<br />
GSA Structural Geology and Tectonics Division)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 016<br />
35-1 11:05 Strasser, Michael<br />
MEGASPLAY FAULT AND SUBMARINE LANDSLIDE HISTORY IN THE NANKAI TROUGH,<br />
SW JAPAN<br />
STRASSER, Michael, MARUM - Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen 28359 Germany, mstrasser@marum.de<br />
Data and results from the ongoing Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Nankai Trough<br />
Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE), which eventually attempts to drill, sample, and<br />
instrument the seismogenic zone to yield insights into processes responsible for earthquakes<br />
and tsunamis <strong>of</strong>fshore SW Japan, provide an extensive base for evaluating both long-term and<br />
short-term tectonic processes controlling evolution and current state <strong>of</strong> this subduction margin,<br />
as it relates to the present-day earthquake and tsunami activity.<br />
Here, I review recent NanTroSEIZE achievements and present own results from 3D seismic<br />
data interpretation and IODP coring <strong>of</strong> slope-apron and slope-basin stratigraphic successions<br />
in the shallow megasplay fault zone area to document the tectono-stratigraphic development <strong>of</strong><br />
the Quaternary Nankai accretionary wedge, the origin and evolution <strong>of</strong> the margin-dominating<br />
megasplay fault system and its relation to earthquakes, submarine landslides and tsunamis.<br />
The stratigraphic succession <strong>of</strong> the slope basin spans ~ 2 Myrs and comprises intercalated<br />
intervals <strong>with</strong> evidence for significant sediment remobilization periods, which are in phase <strong>with</strong><br />
enhanced activity along the megasplay fault. A remarkable 1 Myrs old lithological transition<br />
between a sandy turbidite sequence below and ash-bearing hemipelagites intercalated <strong>with</strong><br />
mass-transport deposits (MTDs) above, documents a prominent change in sediment delivery<br />
and routing pattern in the study area. This correlates to a significant shift in the sediment´s<br />
depocentre <strong>with</strong>in the Kumano Basin following ~300 kyr <strong>of</strong> extensive landward tilting <strong>of</strong> the<br />
outer forarc basin sediments, which has been interpreted to represent a major period <strong>of</strong> motion<br />
along the megasplay that formed the modern fault geometry.<br />
Submarine mass movement is a dominant ongoing process, as evidenced by surficial slump<br />
scars and sub-recent MTDs recovered in IODP cores. This, as well as the occurrence <strong>of</strong> a<br />
thin mud-breccia layer related to the 1944 Tonakai earthquake indicates that slope sediments<br />
deformation structures and MTDs not only provide long-term records <strong>of</strong> the structural<br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> the megasplay fault system but also may record the recent seismic activity <strong>of</strong> large<br />
megathrust rupture events.<br />
35-2 11:25 Mori, Jim<br />
THE GREAT 2011 TOHOKU, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE (MW9.0): AN UNEXPECTED EVENT<br />
MORI, Jim, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji,<br />
Kyoto 611-0011 Japan, mori@eqh.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp<br />
On March 11, 2011, the northeast coast <strong>of</strong> Honshu experienced the largest historical<br />
earthquake for Japan (Mw9.0). Based on about 400 years <strong>of</strong> historical records that included<br />
18 M7 to 8 earthquakes, there was thought to be fairly good knowledge <strong>of</strong> the expected sizes<br />
and locations <strong>of</strong> expected large events in the Tohoku region <strong>of</strong> Japan. So this event was a<br />
shocking surprise to the seismological community. The unprecedented size <strong>of</strong> the earthquake<br />
caused very large tsunamis that inundated coastal regions, which were probably among the<br />
best tsunami-prepared regions in the world. Tsunami heights <strong>of</strong> 15 to 30 meters topped sea<br />
walls that were typically about 10 meters high. The effects <strong>of</strong> the tsunami were amplified<br />
by large subsidence <strong>of</strong> much <strong>of</strong> the coastal areas by up to 2 meters. Most <strong>of</strong> the extensive<br />
damage (US$200 to 300 billion) and loss <strong>of</strong> lives (over 27,000) that occurred on the east coast<br />
<strong>of</strong> Honshu were due to the tsunami and not the strong shaking.<br />
The sequence started <strong>with</strong> a M7.2 foreshock on March 9 and followed by the mainshock<br />
two days later. In hindsight, that aftershock activity <strong>of</strong> the foreshock was unusually high. The<br />
mainshock epicenter was located about 40 km southwest <strong>of</strong> foreshock epicenter. There have<br />
been at least four large M7 aftershocks in the immediate aftershock region.<br />
The mainshock has triggered other earthquake activity across Japan <strong>with</strong> increases<br />
in seismicity in many regions, including 13 volcanoes. There have been at least 8 crustal<br />
earthquakes in the M5.0 to M6.7 range outside <strong>of</strong> the immediate aftershock zone, which are<br />
apparently related to the Tohoku earthquake. These events are likely due to both static and<br />
dynamic stress changes caused by the mainshock.<br />
The society and infrastructure <strong>of</strong> Japan is struggling to recover from the widespread effects<br />
<strong>of</strong> this earthquake. Power shortages, nuclear power plant issues, and the large number <strong>of</strong><br />
displaced people have caused severe problems for the country.<br />
35-3 11:55 Atakan, K.<br />
ON THE SLIP DISTRIBUTION OF THE TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE OF MARCH 11, 2011,<br />
JAPAN<br />
ATAKAN, K. and RAEESI, M., Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Science, University <strong>of</strong> Bergen,<br />
Allegt.41, Bergen, N-5007, Norway, Kuvvet.Atakan@geo.uib.no<br />
The slip distribution during the Tohoku earthquake <strong>of</strong> March 11, 2011 (M =9.0), has been<br />
W<br />
a subject <strong>of</strong> debate for many authors. Existing slip distributions all agree on the location <strong>of</strong><br />
the shallow asperity which caused presumably the largest slip during the earthquake. This is<br />
claimed to be associated <strong>with</strong> the low-frequent part <strong>of</strong> the seismic energy which fit reasonably<br />
A50 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
well <strong>with</strong> the extensive GPS data as well as the tsunami wave. However, there is a continuing<br />
discussion on whether the co-seismic slip extended down-dip rupturing also the smaller<br />
asperities at depths close to the termination <strong>of</strong> the contact zone.<br />
Our slip inversion fit well <strong>with</strong> the shallow large asperity, which continue down-dip to<br />
intermediate depths through a neck-like structure. Additionally, we see clearly the role played<br />
by the foreshock on the 9 th <strong>of</strong> March, where a smaller asperity at intermediate depths ruptured<br />
causing static stress increase in the hypocentral area <strong>of</strong> the mainshock. This was probably the<br />
triggering mechanism for the March 11 mega-thrust event. Apart from this, the mega-thrust<br />
co-seismic slip probably did not cause any significant slip at intermediate depths. This is also<br />
confirmed by both the distribution <strong>of</strong> the aftershocks, as well as the location <strong>of</strong> the previous<br />
large earthquakes (7+) in this region.<br />
An independent set <strong>of</strong> data provides important clues on the location <strong>of</strong> the most significant<br />
asperities along the subduction-interface where there is presumably strong coupling. The<br />
trench parallel gravity and topography anomalies have previously been used for mapping the<br />
location <strong>of</strong> asperities. Recently, use <strong>of</strong> trench parallel Bouguer anomaly (TPBA), was used to<br />
enhance that picture, delineating the location <strong>of</strong> strongly coupled areas more precisely. Using<br />
this methodology we find that there is a perfect match between the positive TPBA and the<br />
location <strong>of</strong> the shallow up-dip asperity as obtained by several authors. However, the smaller<br />
down-dip asperities do not seem to be affected by the co-seismic slip yet. The importance <strong>of</strong><br />
the TPBA should be investigated further because it may provide independent evidence on<br />
the location <strong>of</strong> the asperities along the subduction zones prior to the occurrence <strong>of</strong> the megathrust<br />
events and hence will enable us to better estimate the likelihood and the extent <strong>of</strong> these<br />
infrequent but disastrous earthquakes.<br />
35-4 12:15 Kennett, Brian<br />
STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON THE MW 9.0 2011 OFFSHORE-TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE<br />
KENNETT, Brian, Research School <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, The Australian National University,<br />
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Brian.Kennett@anu.edu.au, GORBATOV, Alexei,<br />
Geoscience Australia, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia, and KISER, Eric, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Earth and<br />
Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138<br />
What controls the way in which a great earthquake slips? Minor variations on the fault plane<br />
can have pr<strong>of</strong>ound influence on the behaviour in the event. Joint seismic tomography exploiting<br />
P and S wave arrivals conducted before the 2011 Offshore Tohoku earthquake reveals an area<br />
comparable to the faulting surface for the 2011 March 11 event <strong>with</strong> different properties from<br />
other areas along the shallow part <strong>of</strong> the subduction zone. Within this area there are patches<br />
on the subduction zone <strong>with</strong> slightly lowered shear wavespeed that appear to act as barriers<br />
to slip in the great earthquake. Segmentation <strong>of</strong> the slip process can be imaged by back<br />
projection <strong>of</strong> seismograms from the US Array; the areas <strong>of</strong> greatest energy release avoid these<br />
barrier zones. The structural variations are likely to associated <strong>with</strong> the effects <strong>of</strong> fluids acting<br />
on structures present in the subducting plate as the oceanic lithosphere bends at the trench<br />
hinge, since fluids have a strong effect on the shear modulus.<br />
35-5 12:35 Tajima, Fumiko<br />
THE 2011 TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE (MW9.0): PRECEDING SEISMIC ACTIVITY AND PLATE<br />
BOUNDARY COUPLING<br />
TAJIMA, Fumiko, Earth and Enviromental. Sci, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich,<br />
Theresienstr. 41, Munich 80333 Germany, tajima@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Fault zone heterogeneity and plate boundary coupling have been debated repeatedly to<br />
understand the mechanisms that control characteristics <strong>of</strong> earthquake occurrence. Two recent<br />
megathrust earthquakes, one in the Indian Ocean in 2004 and the other in the Japanese<br />
subduction zone in 2011, have led debates to focus on the variable natures <strong>of</strong> earthquake<br />
ruptures <strong>with</strong>in the same subduction zones.<br />
The March 11th , 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw9.0) took place at the plate boundary<br />
between the subducting Pacific plate and the overriding North <strong>America</strong>n plate, where a large<br />
earthquake (~Mw7.5) was anticipated to occur <strong>with</strong> a recurrence interval <strong>of</strong> 30 to 40 years.<br />
The previous event (Mw7.5) occurred in 1978 and there was an Mw7.2 event on March 9th in the vicinity. However, the March 9th event turned to be a mere foreshock to the March 11th megathrust earthquake that released about 500 times as much seismic energy as that <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Mw7.2 event.<br />
These earthquake epicenters including that <strong>of</strong> the March 11th earthquake are located<br />
approximately along a line normal to the trench axis, the March 9th event took place seaward,<br />
the 1978 event landward and the March 11th epicenter in between. The 1978 earthquake<br />
showed a complex source rupture process and was followed by numerous aftershocks which<br />
expanded substantially over a 1-year period. The aftershock activity (or seismic activity after<br />
an earthquake) manifests itself the stress migration which may affect to raise the stress<br />
level beyond the ruptured fault zone. If the raised stress reaches a critical level <strong>of</strong> strength,<br />
another event would occur. If it is below the critical level, no further event should occur. The<br />
outstanding issue is how to monitor the progressing stress change in relation to the strength<br />
distribution which is heterogeneous and not known. I apply the energy contour map method<br />
which was originally developed to determine aftershock area expansion patterns (Tajima and<br />
Kanamori, 1985) to evaluate the preceding earthquake sequences in this subduction zone for<br />
the period from 1968 to present and determine if the source area <strong>of</strong> the impending megathrust<br />
earthquake could have been detected.<br />
35-6 14:00 Okumura, Koji<br />
WHAT WE LEARNED FROM THE 2011 MEGATHRUST EARTHQUAKE (M9.0) ALONG THE<br />
JAPAN TRENCH: PALEOSEISMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES<br />
OKUMURA, Koji, Graduate School <strong>of</strong> Letters, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-2-3,<br />
Higashihiroshima 7398522 Japan, kojiok@hiroshima-u.ac.jp<br />
The 2011 March disaster in Japan occurred on the edge between the known and the unknown.<br />
That means earthquake and tsunamis <strong>of</strong> unknown magnitude hit the area prepared for those <strong>of</strong><br />
known magnitude. Knowledge on extreme natural hazards may derive from experience, history,<br />
and geology but incomplete. Confidence on the knowledge as well as lack <strong>of</strong> the knowledge<br />
resulted in severe disasters. Northern half <strong>of</strong> the damaged areas, Sanriku rocky coast area<br />
was the best in the world prepared for huge tsunamis reflecting experiences in 1896, 1933,<br />
and 1960 tsunamis. But there was no historic and geologic information on tsunamis that might<br />
have exceeded recent ones and there was no preparation for the unknown. The coastal plains<br />
in south, Sendai and Ishinomaki areas were rather poorly prepared only for a few meter high<br />
tsunamis like in 1896 or 1978. In these areas, there were few pieces <strong>of</strong> historic information on<br />
much higher tsunamis in 1611 and 869, but they were too few for hazard countermeasures.<br />
Since 1990s geologic information on 869 Jogan tsunami has been accumulated by Minoura<br />
et al. (2001), Sawai et al. (2007) and Shishikura et al. (2007). They studied surface geology <strong>of</strong><br />
the coastal lowlands and found tsunami deposits distributed over almost entire lowlands. The<br />
869 tsunami deposits reached 2 to 3 km inside and up to 4 m above present shoreline. Satake<br />
et al. (2008) simulated 869 tsunami using the geologic record and proposed two models. One<br />
is 100 km long and 100 km wide <strong>with</strong> 10 m slip, the other is 200 km long and 100 km wide <strong>with</strong><br />
7 m slip both <strong>of</strong>fshore Sendai in the middle <strong>of</strong> 2011 source area. The estimated magnitude is<br />
Mw 8.1 to Mw 8.4. The extent <strong>of</strong> the fault plane is constrained only by the limitation <strong>of</strong> geologic<br />
data. Along the Sanriku coast in north no tsunami deposits <strong>of</strong> recent tsunamis have been
found. In farther south, 869 tsunami deposits were found near Fukushima NPP at 3.6 m above<br />
sea level but much higher tsunami run-up was not estimated.<br />
35-7 14:30 Igel, Heiner<br />
OBSERVATIONS OF TOROIDAL FREE OSCILLATIONS WITH A RING LASER: THE M9<br />
TOHOKU-OKI EVENT<br />
IGEL, Heiner1 , NADER-NIETO, Maria1 , WASSERMANN, Joachim1 , FERREIRA,<br />
Ana2 , KURRLE, Dieter1 , and SCHREIBER, Ulrich3 , (1) Earth Sciences, LMU Munich,<br />
Theresienstr. 41, Munich, 80333, Germany, igel@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Earth<br />
Sciences, University East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, (3) Fundamentalstation, TUM,<br />
Kötzting, 93444, Germany<br />
Rotational seismology is a recent and promising field in active development that focuses<br />
on the study <strong>of</strong> all aspects concerning rotational ground motions induced by earthquakes,<br />
explosions, and ambient vibrations. The understanding <strong>of</strong> rotational ground motions is relevant<br />
to several disciplines: seismology (strong-motion studies, seismic instrumentation), earthquake<br />
engineering, exploration geophysics, and even the decoupling <strong>of</strong> sensitive structures from<br />
ground motions (e.g., gravitational wave detection). In this study we explore the potential<br />
<strong>of</strong>measuring Earth’s free oscillations using ring laser rotational measurements. Many<br />
different instruments have been developed to measure the rotational contribution in seismic<br />
events. So far the most successful results have been achieved using Ring Laser technology<br />
based on the Sagnac effect. In 2009, a marked improvement <strong>of</strong> the signal-to-noise ratio<br />
for the broad-band frequency range <strong>of</strong> seismic observations could be achieved after some<br />
technical improvements to the ring laser system, located at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell<br />
(Germany), measuring the vertical component <strong>of</strong> rotation rate. This led to the first direct<br />
observation <strong>of</strong> rotational ground motions induced by toroidal free oscillations <strong>of</strong> the Earth. Here<br />
we show the observations following the M9 Tohoku-Oki event <strong>of</strong>f the coast <strong>of</strong> Honshu <strong>of</strong> March<br />
2011.We compare the observations <strong>with</strong> synthetic data and demonstrate the sensitivity <strong>of</strong> the<br />
observations to source parameters.<br />
35-8 14:45 Okal, Emile<br />
EXTRACURRICULAR GEOPHYSICS: OR WHEN INSTRUMENTS PICK UP WHAT THEY<br />
WERE NOT DESIGNED TO RECORD<br />
OKAL, Emile, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth & Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University,<br />
Evanston, IL 60208, emile@earth.northwestern.edu<br />
In the wake <strong>of</strong> the 2004 Sumatra and a few other recent tsunamis, a number <strong>of</strong> fascinating<br />
observations were made on instruments not designed for that specific purpose: in most cases,<br />
they express subtle coupling between media <strong>of</strong> extremely different properties, such as the<br />
oceanic column, the solid Earth, or the atmosphere. They include recording <strong>of</strong> tsunamis by<br />
seismometers at land stations and on the ocean bottom, by hydrophones <strong>of</strong> the CTBTO,<br />
the definitive observation and explanation <strong>of</strong> tsunami shadows, tsunami signatures in the<br />
geomagnetic field, the generation <strong>of</strong> deep infrasound, and the perturbation <strong>of</strong> the ionosphere<br />
detected on GPS receiver arrays. In most cases, these phenomena are readily explained by<br />
the continuation (in a mathematical sense) <strong>of</strong> the tsunami eigenfunction outside <strong>of</strong> the water<br />
column; we will show that in many instances, the order <strong>of</strong> magnitude <strong>of</strong> the effect is well<br />
predicted by simple arguments derived under the normal mode approach.<br />
35-9 15:05 Melbourne, Timothy<br />
GREAT CASCADIA EARTHQUAKES IN THE CONTEXT OF EPISODIC TREMOR AND<br />
SLIP (ETS)<br />
MELBOURNE, Timothy, <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, Central Washington University,<br />
400 E University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926, tim@geology.cwu.edu<br />
The Cascadia subduction fault has for several decades been considered a sleeping giant, but<br />
the discovery <strong>of</strong> Episodic Tremor and Slip (ETS) coupled <strong>with</strong> new instrumentation have shown<br />
the entire fault to be continuously active over week-to-week timescales. This activity, identified<br />
and mapped in near-real time, provides new constraints on the characteristics <strong>of</strong> the eventual<br />
great earthquake that Cascadia will produce.<br />
We argue that the present-day distribution <strong>of</strong> ETS along the Cascadia convergent margin<br />
delimits the landward limit <strong>of</strong> future seismogenic rupture <strong>of</strong> the megathrust. The evidence<br />
is multi-faceted. First, a suite <strong>of</strong> over 40 Episodic Tremor and Slip (ETS) events imaged<br />
between 1997 and 2010 along the northern Cascadia region appears to bleed <strong>of</strong>f nearly<br />
all the convergence-related slip deficit accumulated during the observation period. Second,<br />
an interseismic fault coupling model derived from these ETS moment release observations<br />
accurately predicts GPS-measured interseismic deformation <strong>of</strong> the overlying North <strong>America</strong>n<br />
plate, as measured by ~50 continuous GPS stations across western Washington State. Third,<br />
when this model is extrapolated over the 550-year average recurrence interval <strong>of</strong> Cascadia<br />
megathrust events, the coupling model replicates the pattern and amplitude <strong>of</strong> coseismic<br />
coastal subsidence inferred from previous megathrust earthquakes here. If correct, this<br />
conclusion calls into question our current understanding <strong>of</strong> Cascadia’s seismic hazards- it<br />
suggests future coseismic rupture will extend to 25 km depth, or ~60 km inland <strong>of</strong> the Pacific<br />
coast and closer to the metropolitan regions, rather than stopping <strong>of</strong>fshore at 15 km depth.<br />
For only the Washington State segment <strong>of</strong> the Cascadia margin, a 550-yr recurrence interval<br />
along this seismogenic zone translates into an M w =8.9 earthquake, and for the entire margin<br />
an M w =9.2.<br />
35-10 15:45 Melnick, Daniel<br />
DEFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE MW 8.8 2010 MAULE, CHILE EARTHQUAKE<br />
MELNICK, Daniel, Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476,<br />
Germany, melnick@geo.uni-potsdam.de, MORENO, Marcos, GFZ-Potsdam, Potsdam,<br />
14473, Germany, CISTERNAS, Marco, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica<br />
de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Valparaiso 1, Chile, WESSON, Robert L., U.S. <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Survey, Denver, CO 80225, and MOTAGH, Mahdi, Helmholtz Center Potsdam, Potsdam,<br />
14473, Germany<br />
The Maule earthquake <strong>of</strong> February 27 2010 affected about 500 km <strong>of</strong> the Nazca-South<br />
<strong>America</strong> plate boundary in south-central Chile producing spectacular tectonic deformation and<br />
a devastating tsunami. A compilation <strong>of</strong> pre-, co-, and post-earthquake geologic and geodetic<br />
data <strong>of</strong>fers the opportunity <strong>of</strong> gain insight into the processes that controlled strain accumulation<br />
and release associated to this megathrust event. We inverted 160 GPS vectors together <strong>with</strong><br />
InSAR and coastal land-level change data to obtain the distribution <strong>of</strong> coseismic megathrust<br />
slip using a Finite-Element model <strong>with</strong> a realistic geometry adapted from geophysical images.<br />
Slip was segmented in two main patches <strong>with</strong> up to 15 m <strong>of</strong> slip breached by an area <strong>with</strong><br />
less than 10 m <strong>of</strong> slip. The northern patch was larger and accounted for 10 m <strong>of</strong> slip at the<br />
trench, which may have boosted the tsunami. The southern patch surrounded the Arauco<br />
Peninsula, a region <strong>of</strong> high Quaternary uplift rates, and overlapped <strong>with</strong> slip during the 1960<br />
event <strong>of</strong> Mw 9.5. Coastal uplift <strong>of</strong> up to 2.5 m was measured in this region. We find that the<br />
area limiting the two patches <strong>of</strong> high slip is correlated <strong>with</strong> an inflection along strike <strong>of</strong> the<br />
megathrust; these two patches also exhibited high plate coupling rate prior to the Maule event.<br />
This correlation suggests that plate geometry may strongly influence strain accumulation and<br />
release. The segment boundary between the 2010 and 1960 events is an area <strong>of</strong> lower slab<br />
dip, high topography, and coincident <strong>with</strong> a major crustal-scale splay fault system. Though still<br />
SESSION NO. 36<br />
speculative, we suggest that this geometrical boundary may account for the segment boundary.<br />
At Isla Santa Maria, north <strong>of</strong> Arauco, we observed the surface rupture <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> normal<br />
faults. Surface breaks were also observed on side-scan sonar data near the coast <strong>of</strong> the island.<br />
Additionally, space and land geodesy suggest steep trench-parallel co-seismic tilting <strong>of</strong> the<br />
island. We associate both tilt and normal faulting to growth <strong>of</strong> a reverse-fault cored anticline,<br />
imaged by seismic reflection pr<strong>of</strong>iles below the island. Fault rupture occurred <strong>with</strong>in the 2.5<br />
hours following the mainshock, and was accompanied by the outflow <strong>of</strong> a minimum <strong>of</strong> 20000<br />
m3 <strong>of</strong> fluids along the fault zone. The Maule event <strong>of</strong>fered the opportunity to explore various<br />
processes associated to megathrust earthquakes.<br />
35-11 16:05 Gutscher, Marc-Andre<br />
THE FEB. 2010 M8.8 MAULE CHILE EARTHQUAKE: AFTERSHOCK STUDY FROM<br />
A TEMPORARY MARINE SEISMIC NETWORK AND THERMAL MODELING OF THE<br />
SUBDUCTION INTERFACE<br />
GUTSCHER, Marc-Andre1 , LEE, Chao-Shing2 , KLINGELHOEFER, Frauke3 , LIN, Jing-Yi4 ,<br />
and LIANG, Ching-Wei2 , (1) Domaines Oceaniques UMR6538, CNRS, IUEM, Univ.<br />
Brest, Pl. N. Copernic, Plouzane, F-29280, France, gutscher@univ-brest.fr, (2) Dept. <strong>of</strong><br />
Geophysics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan, (3) Geosciences<br />
Marines, Ifremer Centre de Brest, Pl. N. Copernic, Plouzane, F-29280, France, (4) Dept. <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli City, 32001, Taiwan<br />
The 27 February 2010 M8.8 Maule earthquake ruptured a 500-600 km long segment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Chile subduction zone. It also generated a tsunami <strong>with</strong> runup heights <strong>of</strong> 3-6 m observed along<br />
the coast <strong>of</strong> Chile and adjacent islands <strong>of</strong>fshore. Most <strong>of</strong> the rupture filled a seismic gap that<br />
had not experienced a major earthquake since 1835. The vast majority <strong>of</strong> the rupture zone is<br />
located <strong>of</strong>fshore. In order to better constrain the geometry (updip and downdip limits and dip)<br />
<strong>of</strong> the rupture zone a temporary <strong>of</strong>fshore seismic network was installed during the period July-<br />
September 2010. 17 OBS (Ocean Bottom Seismometers) from the National Taiwan Ocean<br />
University and the Central Taiwan University were deployed <strong>with</strong>in the central portion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
rupture zone from roughly 36°S to 34.5°S and recorded aftershocks for two three-week periods<br />
during July - September 2010. The OBS used are the “micrOBS+” type (designed by Ifremer<br />
and constructed by Sercel). The instruments were deployed and recovered using the Chilean<br />
fishing vessel Gardar. We report here on preliminary relocations <strong>of</strong> nearly 200 earthquakes<br />
recorded by at least five stations from the first period 15 July - 6 August 2010. Four moderate<br />
events (magnitudes 4.3 - 4.8) available from the NEIC-PDE catalog, occurred during this period<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the network and are used as test events to calibrate the earthquake relocation procedure.<br />
Relocation was performed using the s<strong>of</strong>tware package SYTMIS (INERIS Nancy, France).<br />
Finite-element modeling <strong>of</strong> the Chile forearc thermal structure was performed in order to<br />
determine the expected limits <strong>of</strong> the seismogenic zone (typically between 100-150°C and 350-<br />
450°C). Results indicate a seismogenic zone extending from 30km from the trench to 150km<br />
from the trench. These limits are then compared to the observed distribution <strong>of</strong> aftershock<br />
hypocenters.<br />
35-12 16:20 Victor, Pia<br />
REMOTE TRIGGERING OF DISPLACEMENT EVENTS ALONG THE AFZ (N-CHILE)<br />
MONITORED WITH THE IPOC CREEPMETER ARRAY<br />
VICTOR, Pia1 , ZIEGENHAGEN, Thomas1 , GONZÁLEZ, Gabriel2 , EWIAK, Oktawian1 ,<br />
and ONCKEN, Onno1 , (1) GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, 14473, pvictor@gfz-potsdam.de,<br />
(2) Dpto. Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610,<br />
Ant<strong>of</strong>agasta, Chile<br />
The relationship between the megathrust seismic cycle and the activation <strong>of</strong> large trench<br />
parallel faults in the overriding plate is not well understood. The Atacama Fault System (AFS) is<br />
the dominant trench parallel fault in N-Chile <strong>with</strong> an along strike extent <strong>of</strong> > 1000 km. The wellexposed<br />
fault scarp evidences that long-term creep, as well as surface rupturing due to seismic<br />
events contribute to displacement accumulation through time. Paleoseismological studies<br />
show that at least 3 earthquakes <strong>with</strong> an estimated magnitude <strong>of</strong> up to M =7 occurred in the<br />
w<br />
past 10 kyr. This implies that additionally to the megathrust, the AFS is capable in generating<br />
large shallow earthquakes and needs to be included in hazard assessment <strong>of</strong> the N-Chilean<br />
forearc. In order to characterize the mode <strong>of</strong> deformation accumulation and its spatio-temporal<br />
distribution, we are continuously monitoring active fault strands <strong>of</strong> the AFS <strong>with</strong> an array <strong>of</strong> 11<br />
creepmeters <strong>with</strong> a resolution <strong>of</strong> 1 µm at a period <strong>of</strong> 30 sec.<br />
Over the first two years the creepmeters recorded a creep signal equivalent to extensional<br />
displacement across the fault zone. The displacement rate ranges between 0.02 mm/yr<br />
and 0.1 mm/yr and is less than the geological long-term rate <strong>of</strong> +/- 0.3 mm/yr. This signal<br />
is superimposed by sudden displacement events temporally related to subduction zone<br />
earthquakes in the near and far field depending on the magnitude <strong>of</strong> the event. The most<br />
prominent event recorded at all creepmeters was the Mw=8.8, 2011 Maule Earthquake <strong>with</strong><br />
an epicentral distance <strong>of</strong> 1800 km. Correlation <strong>with</strong> records <strong>of</strong> IPOC seismometers shows that<br />
the displacement events have been triggered at the time <strong>of</strong> passage <strong>of</strong> the surface waves. The<br />
displacement events lasted a few minutes; only one station recorded a creep event <strong>of</strong> 6 hours.<br />
Displacements ranged between 10 – 63 µm. This observation demonstrates that besides<br />
ground shaking on a nearby fault large events in a distance <strong>of</strong> thousands <strong>of</strong> kilometres can<br />
transiently increase the shear stress and/or reduce the friction on a shallow fault, permitting it<br />
to slip incrementally. Therefore remote triggering <strong>of</strong> faults contributes a large fraction to the total<br />
strain accumulation and depending on the preexisting stress level <strong>of</strong> the AFS needs to be taken<br />
into account in hazard assessment.<br />
SESSION NO. 36, 11:00<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
T1D. The Mantle in 4-D: Links between Global Plate<br />
Reconstructions and Mantle Tomography<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 021<br />
36-1 11:15 Wessel, Paul<br />
THE HAWAII-EMPEROR BEND: PLATE MOTION, PLUME MOTION, OR BOTH?<br />
WESSEL, Paul, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Geology & Geophysics, SOEST, University <strong>of</strong> Hawaii at Manoa,<br />
1680 East-West Rd #806, Honolulu, HI 96822, pwessel@hawaii.edu<br />
The Hawaii-Emperor Bend (HEB) has become a lightening rod for studies <strong>of</strong> absolute plate<br />
motion. Initially seen as the clearest evidence for an absolute plate motion change over an<br />
approximately stationary hotspot, recent studies have suggested that the HEB represents no<br />
change in plate motion at all, instead implying there was a rapid retardation <strong>of</strong> the southward<br />
motion <strong>of</strong> the underlying plume at ~ 50 Ma while the Pacific plate continued an otherwise<br />
undisturbed westward motion. Although several lines <strong>of</strong> inquiry have lead to this conclusion,<br />
there are in particular two principal observations that have prompted this major revision:<br />
(a) Paleolatitudes inferred from basalt samples recovered from drill cores at several sites<br />
Munich, Germany A51<br />
Wednesday
SESSION NO. 36<br />
along the Emperor chain systematically imply a volcanic origin much further north than the<br />
present latitude <strong>of</strong> the Hawaiian hotspot would suggest, and (b) the age progressions along the<br />
Emperor chain and the contemporaneous portion <strong>of</strong> the Louisville chain inferred from dated<br />
rock samples begin to diverge for ages older than ~55 Ma when a fixed hotspot reference<br />
frame is used. While the latter discrepancy can be modeled <strong>with</strong> relative minor changes in the<br />
inter-hotspot distance or by appealing to limited hotspot-ridge interactions, the paleolatitude<br />
anomaly at 78 Ma is almost 15˚. The magnitude <strong>of</strong> this anomaly requires a significant revision<br />
<strong>of</strong> Pacific tectonic history and may ultimately a drive a stake through the heart <strong>of</strong> the hotspot<br />
hypothesis. The HEB itself is constrained to have formed around 50-47 Ma, i.e., approximately<br />
Chron 21, which is a period <strong>of</strong> significant and global plate reorganizations. Thus, it continues to<br />
be the view <strong>of</strong> many that it seems unlikely that a change in plate motion has played no role in<br />
the HEB formation. Given existing paleolatitude, age, and chain geometry data I will examine<br />
reasonable bounds on the likely roles that plate and plume motion have played in the formation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Hawaii-Emperor chain.<br />
36-2 11:30 Wernicke, Brian<br />
THE ANCIENT CALFORNIA AND ARIZONA RIVERS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UPLIFT<br />
AND EROSION HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN US<br />
WERNICKE, Brian, Division <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> and Planetary Sciences, California Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Technology, Mail Stop 100-23, Pasadena, CA 91125, brian@gps.caltech.edu<br />
Recently published thermochronological and paleoelevation studies in the Grand Canyon<br />
region, combined <strong>with</strong> sedimentary provenance data in both the coastal and interior portions<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Cordillera S and E <strong>of</strong> the Sierra Nevada, place important new constraints on the<br />
paleohydrological evolution <strong>of</strong> the SW US. Review and synthesis <strong>of</strong> these data suggest incision<br />
<strong>of</strong> a large canyon from a plain <strong>of</strong> low elevation and relief in the Cordilleran foreland, to a canyon<br />
<strong>of</strong> roughly the length and depth <strong>of</strong> modern Grand Canyon, occurred primarily in Campanian<br />
time (80-70 Ma). Incision was accomplished by a main-stem, NE-flowing antecedent river <strong>with</strong><br />
headwaters on the NE slope <strong>of</strong> the Cordillera in California, referred to after its source region<br />
as the California River. Subsequent topographic collapse <strong>of</strong> the headwaters region and coeval<br />
uplift <strong>of</strong> the Cordilleran foreland during the Laramide orogeny reversed the river’s course.<br />
After reversal, its headwaters lay in the ancient Mojave/Mogollon highlands region <strong>of</strong> Arizona<br />
and eastern California. This system is also referred to after its source region as the Arizona<br />
River. From Paleogene until 6 Ma, the interior <strong>of</strong> the Colorado Plateau was separated from<br />
the Arizona River drainage by an asymmetrical divide in the Lees Ferry-Glen Canyon area,<br />
<strong>with</strong> a gently sloping NE flank that drained into large interior basins, fed by in part by recycled<br />
California River detritus shed from Laramide uplifts on the plateau. By 20 Ma, a pulse <strong>of</strong><br />
unro<strong>of</strong>ing had lowered the erosion level <strong>of</strong> eastern Grand Canyon to close its present level, and<br />
the Arizona River drainage below modern Grand Canyon was tectonically disrupted, cutting<br />
<strong>of</strong>f the supply <strong>of</strong> interior detritus to the coast. Increasing moisture in the Rocky Mountains in<br />
late Miocene time reinvigorated fluvial-lacustrine aggradation NE <strong>of</strong> the asymmetrical divide,<br />
which was finally overtopped between 6 and 5 Ma. This event reintegrated the former Arizona<br />
drainage system through a cascade <strong>of</strong> spillover events through Basin and Range valleys, for<br />
the first time connecting sediment sources in Colorado <strong>with</strong> the coast.<br />
36-3 12:00 Sigloch, Karin<br />
SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY INFERS A TRENCH MISSING FROM PLATE RECONSTRUCTIONS<br />
OF THE CRETACEOUS FARALLON OCEAN<br />
SIGLOCH, Karin, Geosciences Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität<br />
Munich, Theresienstr. 41, Geophysics, Munich 80333 Germany, sigloch@<br />
geophysik.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Over the past five years, the USArray experiment has turned North <strong>America</strong> into the seismically<br />
best illuminated continent on earth. I present results and interpretations <strong>of</strong> finite-frequency<br />
body-wave tomography, a method capable <strong>of</strong> imaging to particularly deep mantle depths<br />
(1500-1800 km).<br />
A surprising new observation is the vast amount <strong>of</strong> subducted slab in the lower mantle<br />
under western North <strong>America</strong>. Conflicting evidence seems to come from plate reconstructions:<br />
the Farallon/North <strong>America</strong> trench has traversed these longitudes too recently (only since<br />
~50 Myr) to have allowed the slab to sink so deeply, according to commonly accepted<br />
notions on slab sinking velocities. At the reasonably required times (late Cretaceous), the<br />
reconstructed continental trench was located too far east, and copious volumes <strong>of</strong> lower-mantle<br />
slab do exist further east to account for its predicted activity. This leaves the deep western<br />
slab to be explained in some other way. A key observation is that the western slab directly<br />
connects upward to the present-day Cascadia trench, implying uninterrupted subduction from<br />
Cretaceous times until now.<br />
Hence the global plate reconstructions are most likely missing an intra-oceanic trench in<br />
the northeastern Farallon basin during the Upper Cretaceous, <strong>of</strong> NW-SE strike as defined by<br />
the imaged lower-mantle slab. This trench and its associated island arc were accreted around<br />
50 Myr to the westward-moving continent. Subduction continued largely uninterrupted into the<br />
newly-continental trench, whereas the previous continental trench was choked <strong>of</strong>f at this time.<br />
This interpretation <strong>of</strong> the tomographic image appears to be consistent <strong>with</strong> terrane accretion<br />
histories along the west coast <strong>of</strong> the U.S., which date the last big accretion event to ~50 Myr. It<br />
implies that North <strong>America</strong>n land geology reflects the concurrent operation <strong>of</strong> two subduction<br />
systems prior to the Eocene, which may help explain some <strong>of</strong> the observed complexities, e.g.<br />
the Laramide episode.<br />
36-4 12:15 Müller, R. Dietmar<br />
MAPPING UPPER MANTLE DEPLETION: THE INFLUENCE OF RIDGE MIGRATION AND<br />
SEAFLOOR SPREADING HISTORIES ON SEAFLOOR DEPTH<br />
MÜLLER, R. Dietmar, School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09,<br />
Sydney, 2006, Australia, dietmar.muller@sydney.edu.au, MASTERTON, Sheona, Getech,<br />
Kitson House, Elmete Hall, Elmete Lane, Leeds, LS8 2LJ, United Kingdom, WESSEL,<br />
Paul, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Geology & Geophysics, SOEST, University <strong>of</strong> Hawaii at Manoa, 1680 East-<br />
West Rd #806, Honolulu, HI 96822, and WHITTAKER, Joanne M., School <strong>of</strong> Geosiences,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Sydney, 2015, Australia<br />
The time-dependent extraction <strong>of</strong> asthenospheric material by the spreading process affects<br />
seafloor topography. Mid-ocean ridge migration and spreading rates determine the extent<br />
and duration <strong>of</strong> partial melting that occurs in the upper mantle beneath mid-ocean ridges. We<br />
compute global relative upper mantle depletion using ridge migration and seafloor spreading<br />
rates calculated over the past 140 My at 1 My intervals as proxies for ridge residence times<br />
and melt extraction rates. This is used to investigate broad-scale geophysical differences<br />
between regions that have experienced substantial melt extraction over the past 140 My and<br />
those that have not. The preferential removal <strong>of</strong> dense incompatible elements through partial<br />
melting results in depleted anomalously low-density residual upper mantle. The East Pacific<br />
region exhibits relatively high melt depletion due to slow westward migration <strong>of</strong> the East<br />
Pacific Rise accompanied by relatively fast seafloor spreading rates. We suggest that this has<br />
led to anomalously low seismic uppermost mantle velocities in the south <strong>of</strong> the East Pacific<br />
region, as observed in recent seismic tomographic images. A comparison between maps <strong>of</strong><br />
mantle depletion and residual basement depth in the East Pacific suggests that anomalously<br />
high mantle depletion also correlates <strong>with</strong> anomalously deep basement close to present-day<br />
mid-ocean ridges. We attribute this to melt extraction-driven mass deficits in the upper mantle<br />
A52 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
that have not yet been extensively replenished. Therefore there is a “top-down” effect on<br />
seafloor topography and crustal thickness driven by the plates themselves. The slower a ridge<br />
migrates and the faster it spreads the more severely the mantle becomes depleted, resulting<br />
in anomalously deep seafloor due to the effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>with</strong>drawing asthenospheric material – an<br />
transient effect – and also possibly reducing crustal thickness. Large portions <strong>of</strong> the East<br />
Pacific region affected by excessive asthenospheric depletion correlate <strong>with</strong> anomalously thin<br />
crust based on a published Moho depth map. The supply <strong>of</strong> new asthenospheric material by<br />
mantle plumes acts to counterbalance this effect – hence we would not expect to see such<br />
depletion anomalies close to plumes, a hypothesis broadly supported by our results.<br />
36-5 12:30 Gradmann, S<strong>of</strong>ie<br />
INFLUENCE OF CURRENT MANTLE STRUCTURES ON THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE<br />
SCANDES<br />
GRADMANN, S<strong>of</strong>ie1 , BALLING, Niels2 , BONDO MEDHUS, Anna2 , EBBING, Jörg1 ,<br />
FRASSETTO, Andy3 , KÖHLER, Andreas4 , MAUPIN, Valerie4 , RITTER, Joachim5 ,<br />
WAWERZINEK, Britta5 , and WEIDLE, Christian4 , (1) <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Norway<br />
(NGU), Trondheim, 7941, Norway, s<strong>of</strong>ie.gradmann@ngu.no, (2) University <strong>of</strong> Aarhus,<br />
Aarhus, 8200, Denmark, (3) University <strong>of</strong> Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark,<br />
(4) University <strong>of</strong> Oslo, Oslo, 1047, Norway, (5) Karlsruhe Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology,<br />
Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany<br />
The Scandinavian Mountain Chain (the Scandes) exhibits characteristics that are unusual<br />
for an old, Palaeozoic mountain belt. These include the lack <strong>of</strong> an isostatically compensating<br />
shape <strong>of</strong> the Moho and renewed Neogene uplift in a passive margin setting. Several mantle<br />
processes have been invoked to explain a post-rift uplift <strong>of</strong> the Scandes, and their respective<br />
durations and wavelengths are strongly controlled by the rheology and thermal structure <strong>of</strong> the<br />
lithosphere.<br />
The TopoScandiaDeep project investigates the potential influence <strong>of</strong> current mantle<br />
structures on the topography <strong>of</strong> the Scandes and associated uplift processes. The first part <strong>of</strong><br />
the project focussed on a refined model <strong>of</strong> crustal thickness and mantle structure in the area. A<br />
number <strong>of</strong> results are the outcome <strong>of</strong> the analysis <strong>of</strong> seismological data acquired in Southern<br />
Norway from 2006-2008.<br />
A new map <strong>of</strong> Moho depth and a new crustal seismic model have been compiled using data<br />
from three refraction lines, P-receiver function analysis and noise cross-correlation. These<br />
results confirm and precise previous crustal thickness estimates, but the P-wave residuals,<br />
tomography, as well as surface wave analysis show relatively low seismic mantle velocities<br />
below southern Norway compared to Southern Sweden, <strong>with</strong> a sharp boundary close to the<br />
Oslo Graben.<br />
Integrated 3D modelling <strong>of</strong> the lithospheric subsurface and the available geophysical<br />
data sets better characterises the transition zone <strong>of</strong> the lithospheric mantle (its thermal,<br />
compositional and geometric nature). The increase in seismic mantle velocities from Norway<br />
towards Sweden reflects a transition towards a much thicker (by several tens <strong>of</strong> kilometers) and<br />
colder mantle. Differences in mineral composition (owing to stronger depletion) may contribute<br />
to the velocity contrast. The study also indicates that the topography can be isostatically<br />
sustained <strong>with</strong>out invoking additional thermal mantle anomalies.<br />
The strong differences in thickness and in composition <strong>of</strong> the sub-continental lithospheric<br />
mantle in western Scandinavia indicate major differences in the evolution prior to the<br />
Caledonian orogeny. Furthermore, it indicates that steps in the lithosphere can be long-lived<br />
features, not easily destroyed by a convecting mantle but in turn influencing the convection<br />
pattern on a regional scale.<br />
36-6 12:45 Gibbons, Ana<br />
A REVISED HISTORY OF CENOZOIC ACCRETIONS FOR THE EURASIAN MARGIN<br />
GIBBONS, Ana, AITCHISON, Jonathan C., MÜLLER, Dietmar, and WHITTAKER, Joanne,<br />
School <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Sydney, Madsen Blg F09, Sydney, NSW, Australia,<br />
ana.gibbons@sydney.edu.au<br />
New age data obtained in the Wharton Basin <strong>of</strong>fshore Indonesia during the 2008 IFM-<br />
GEOMAR CHRISP (Christmas Island Seamount Province) research cruise, indicating the<br />
presence <strong>of</strong> Jurassic seafloor, necessitated a revision <strong>of</strong> the plate tectonic model for the early<br />
Indian Ocean. Compared to previous models our revised reconstructions involve a greater<br />
western extent for Argoland/West Burma and also a reduced extent <strong>of</strong> Greater Indian crust<br />
(Gascoyne block), as a promontory <strong>of</strong> continental crust north <strong>of</strong> the Wallaby-Zenith Fracture<br />
Zone, separated from Greater India by about 50 km <strong>of</strong> oceanic crust. An implication <strong>of</strong> our<br />
revised model is that Argoland/West Burma block accreted to the Eurasian and Southeast Asia<br />
margin c. 60-65 Ma, <strong>with</strong> an earlier collision event likely if an intra-oceanic arc was present.<br />
This event may coincide <strong>with</strong> a major regional angular unconformity in the Lhasa terrane<br />
dated c. 69 Ma. Some researchers also refer to an additional and not widely recognized suture<br />
zone <strong>with</strong>in the Lhasa terrane, but the terrane itself is linked to the closure <strong>of</strong> the Bangong<br />
suture, which was traditionally considered a Jurassic event, though recent studies along the<br />
Bangong suture indicate oceanic conditions were prevalent until at least the mid Cretaceous.<br />
In our model, the Gascoyne block reaches Sumatra c. 50 Ma, supported by the emplacement<br />
<strong>of</strong> granitic batholiths in Sumatra at this time, while an arbitrary northeastern extent <strong>of</strong> Greater<br />
India reaches the Eurasian margin c. 35 Ma, <strong>with</strong> earlier collisions likely depending on the<br />
configuration <strong>of</strong> the southern Eurasian margin, overall complying <strong>with</strong> the activation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Alaio-Shan/ Red River fault resulting from strike-slip motion through Central Burma from about<br />
30 Ma. Seismic tomography supports onshore geological evidence that, preceding Greater<br />
India, an intra-oceanic arc was accreted to the Eurasian margin. The timing <strong>of</strong> our continental<br />
collisions has been modeled in context <strong>with</strong> the position <strong>of</strong> this oceanic arc.<br />
36-7 14:15 Suppe, John<br />
SUBDUCTED LITHOSPHERE UNDER TAIWAN: TOMOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOR<br />
PROGRESSIVE FLIPPING OF SUBDUCTION AND CONTINENTAL DELAMINATION<br />
SUPPE, John1 , CARENA, Sara2 , WU, Yih-Min1 , and USTASZEWSKI, Kamil3 ,<br />
(1) Department <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt<br />
Road, P.O. Box 13-318, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, suppe@princeton.edu, (2) Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich,<br />
80333, Germany, (3) Section 3.1 Lithosphere Dynamics, German Research Center for<br />
Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg C226, Potsdam, 14473, Germany<br />
Improvement in global and local tomography allow for testing <strong>of</strong> models <strong>of</strong> the oblique<br />
arc-continent collision and reversal <strong>of</strong> subduction polarity near Taiwan. Furthermore they<br />
reveal previously unpredicted phenomena, including the delamination <strong>of</strong> continental mantle<br />
lithosphere <strong>with</strong> lateral inflow <strong>of</strong> hot upper mantle.<br />
Classic models recognize that the oblique collision <strong>of</strong> the N-S trending Luzon arc <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Philippine Sea plate <strong>with</strong> the NE-SW trending China continental margin in Taiwan requires<br />
either [1] an obliteration <strong>of</strong> a trench-trench transform or [2] a progressive flipping <strong>of</strong> subduction<br />
polarity involving progressive tearing <strong>of</strong> the Eurasian plate along the continental margin<br />
associated <strong>with</strong> progressive termination <strong>of</strong> collision. In addition 2D models <strong>of</strong> arc-continent<br />
collision require slab break<strong>of</strong>f. These and other more complex models make unique predictions<br />
<strong>of</strong> subducted slab geometries.<br />
Modern global tomography (MITP08, 70km grid) augmented <strong>with</strong> local tomography near<br />
Taiwan provides good imaging <strong>of</strong> the subducted Eurasian and Philippine-Sea lithosphere
in the upper mantle and images the predicted torn subducted edge <strong>of</strong> the Eurasian slab.<br />
Slab geometries are in close agreement <strong>with</strong> the progressive tearing model [2] and in strong<br />
disagreement <strong>with</strong> the transform obliteration model [1]. No slab break<strong>of</strong>f is observed, in contrast<br />
<strong>with</strong> 2D models <strong>of</strong> arc-continent collision. Furthermore, the subducted western edge <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Philippine Sea plate continues northward ~1000km, nearly to Shanghai.<br />
However, it is surprising that the location <strong>of</strong> the Eurasian tear is not at the edge <strong>of</strong> the<br />
continent but ~250km inboard, under the Eurasian continental shelf. The subducted continentocean<br />
boundary is clearly shown in the seismic velocities <strong>with</strong>in the subducted Eurasian slab,<br />
<strong>with</strong> lower velocities in the continental part. Furthermore the tear does not propagate through<br />
the overlying continental shelf, therefore the continental mantle under the final collisional<br />
mountain belt subducts by delamination attached to the oceanic part <strong>of</strong> the Eurasian plate.<br />
This delamination process occurs instantaneously in the zone <strong>of</strong> flipping and involves the<br />
progressive lateral intrusion <strong>of</strong> hot mantle into this migrating zone from the Okinawa-Ryukyu<br />
mantle wedge, which lies above the subducting Philippine-Sea plate northeast <strong>of</strong> Taiwan.<br />
36-8 14:45 Wu, Jonathan E.<br />
SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHIC CONSTRAINTS ON PLATE TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF<br />
THE PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE<br />
WU, Jonathan E. and SUPPE, John, Department <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, National Taiwan<br />
University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, P.O. Box 13-318, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan,<br />
jonnywu_rhul@yahoo.co.uk<br />
The tectonic history <strong>of</strong> the Philippine Sea plate remains poorly constrained relative to plates<br />
that have spreading ridges and associated magnetic anomalies. Only subduction zones or<br />
convergent transforms occur along its boundaries and the plate lacks obvious hotspot traces.<br />
Paleomagnetic data indicate large northward motions from equatorial regions through the<br />
Cenozoic. Plate rotations are not well constrained but large rotations have been interpreted.<br />
In this study we add the significant constraint <strong>of</strong> subducted slab geometries and seismic<br />
velocities. Detailed 3D slab geometries under SE Asia were mapped <strong>with</strong> GoCad s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
using the MITP08 seismic tomography (Li et al., 2008) and Beni<strong>of</strong>f zone seismicity. The 3D slab<br />
geometry and associated seismic velocity images were then unfolded in GoCad and imported<br />
into GPlates s<strong>of</strong>tware to constrain existing plate tectonic reconstructions <strong>of</strong> the Philippine Sea<br />
plate and surrounding regions.<br />
The areas occupied by these unfolded slabs are in conflict <strong>with</strong> existing plate models,<br />
showing both overlaps and voids, and therefore these are important new constraints.<br />
Furthermore, heterogenieties in the velocity images reveal major features <strong>of</strong> the subducted<br />
slabs, including back-arc basins, continent-ocean boundaries and possible slab windows.<br />
Finally the shapes <strong>of</strong> slab edges provide significant new constraints, as follows.<br />
At the western margin <strong>of</strong> the Philippine Sea plate, the unfolded edges <strong>of</strong> the Eurasian and<br />
Philippine Sea slabs show a through-going plate boundary zone that is oriented N-S along the<br />
line from Taiwan through the Philippines. The unfolded Eurasian South China Sea slab edge is<br />
oriented N-S, indicating that present subduction started along this N-S zone, which is parallel<br />
to transforms <strong>of</strong> the South China Sea. The subducted N-S edge <strong>of</strong> the Philippine Sea plate<br />
extends ~1000 km north <strong>of</strong> Taiwan. Successfully modeling the origin and evolution <strong>of</strong> this NS<br />
plate boundary is a fundamental requirement <strong>of</strong> plate tectonic reconstructions <strong>of</strong> SE Asia. We<br />
present our current synthesis <strong>of</strong> mid-to-late Cenozoic tectonics <strong>of</strong> the Philippine Sea plate,<br />
incorporating these new constraints <strong>of</strong> subducted slab geometry and velocity structure.<br />
36-9 15:00 Ustaszewski, Kamil<br />
CRUST-MANTLE BOUNDARIES IN THE TAIWAN – LUZON ARC-CONTINENT COLLISION<br />
SYSTEM DETERMINED FROM LOCAL EARTHQUAKE TOMOGRAPHY AND LAYERED VP<br />
MODELS<br />
USTASZEWSKI, Kamil1 , WU, Yih-Min2 , SUPPE, John2 , HUANG, Hsin-Hua2 , CHANG,<br />
Chien-Hsin3 , and CARENA, Sara4 , (1) Section 3.1 Lithosphere Dynamics, German<br />
Research Center for Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg C226, Potsdam, 14473, Germany,<br />
kamilu@gfz-potsdam.de, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, National Taiwan University,<br />
No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, P.O. Box 13-318, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, (3) Central<br />
Weather Bureau, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, (4) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental<br />
Sciences, Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich, 80333, Germany<br />
We performed 3D mapping <strong>of</strong> crust-mantle boundaries in the Taiwan-Luzon arc-continent<br />
collision zone using a local earthquake tomographic (LET) model. These crust-mantle<br />
discontinuities included three tectonically distinct Mohos. Furthermore, a crust-mantle<br />
boundary marks the eastern limit <strong>of</strong> the Eurasian lower crust against the mantle <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Philippine Sea plate. It dips steeply to the east underneath eastern and southern Taiwan<br />
and steepens progressively towards north until it becomes vertical at 23.7°N. From there it<br />
continues northward in a slightly overturned orientation, where the limit <strong>of</strong> the tomographic<br />
model at the northern tip <strong>of</strong> the island prevents further mapping. In order to map several Moho<br />
discontinuities, we contoured a surface <strong>of</strong> constant Vp = 7.5 km s 1 constrained from LET and<br />
confined to regions <strong>with</strong> a minimum <strong>of</strong> 500 rays per tomography cell. Additional constraints for<br />
the Moho were derived from layered (1D) Vp models using P-wave arrivals <strong>of</strong> local earthquakes<br />
recorded at 52 seismic stations, employing a genetic algorithm. The Moho <strong>of</strong> the Eurasian and<br />
the Philippine Sea plates are topologically disconnected across the plate boundary. Beneath<br />
southern Taiwan, the Eurasian Moho dips to the E at 50–60°, following the orientation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
plate boundary and continuous <strong>with</strong> the Beni<strong>of</strong>f zone. Towards north, the Eurasian Moho twists<br />
to become subvertical, again together <strong>with</strong> the plate boundary. At the same time, it steps<br />
westward into a more external position underneath the thrust belt, giving way to the northdipping<br />
Philippine Sea plate. The Philippine Sea plate Moho shallows towards the surface<br />
along the Longitudinal Valley suture. It forms a synform-like crustal root <strong>with</strong> an axis parallel to<br />
the trend <strong>of</strong> geological units at surface and it is interpreted as the base <strong>of</strong> the magmatic Luzon<br />
arc. Towards the north, the crustal root deepens from 30 km to about 70 km underneath the<br />
Ryukyu trench. In northeasternmost Taiwan, a subhorizontal Moho lies at about 30–35 km<br />
depth and is topologically disconnected from the main eastward subducting Eurasian Moho. It<br />
lies above the north-dipping Philippine Sea slab and is interpreted to be a newly formed Moho<br />
established by delamination <strong>of</strong> the Eurasian mantle lithosphere and lowermost crust.<br />
36-10 15:15 Stutzmann, Eleonore<br />
UNDERSTANDING SEISMIC HETEROGENEITIES IN THE LOWER MANTLE BENEATH<br />
WESTERN PACIFIC FROM SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY AND TECTONIC PLATE HISTORY<br />
STUTZMANN, Eleonore1 , DUVAL, Sebastien1 , BESSE, Jean1 , and VAN DER HILST,<br />
Robert D. 2 , (1) Seismology, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 1 rue Jussieu,<br />
Paris, 75005, France, stutz@ipgp.fr, (2) Dept. Earth, Atm. & Planet. Sci, Massachusetts<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139<br />
We combine results from seismic tomography and plate motion history to investigate the<br />
structure and evolution <strong>of</strong> slabs <strong>of</strong> subducted lithosphere in the lower mantle beneath western<br />
Pacific. We selected earthquakes and stations along a wide corridor from the Aleutians to<br />
Australia. We measured P wave differential travel times by waveform multi-channel phase<br />
cross-correlation (MCPCC). MCPCC enables to measure differential travel times <strong>with</strong>out<br />
selecting a reference trace. We used phase cross correlation rather than standard crosscorrelation<br />
as it is better suited to measure differential travel times on the first onset even if the<br />
first onset is not the most energetic peak. This dataset was complemented by ISC data and<br />
inverted to obtain a high resolution P wave velocity model.<br />
SESSION NO. 36<br />
Paleomagnetic data were used to reconstruct the plate motion <strong>of</strong> western Pacific from<br />
130 My ago to present. 130 My ago, the Panthalassa Ocean was made <strong>of</strong> 4 plates: the Pacific<br />
plate surrounded by the Izanagi, Farallon and Pheonix plates. The Izanagi plate subducted<br />
beneath Eurasia until 60 My ago and then disappeared in the mantle. Australia and India plate<br />
moved toward the North since 70 My and the collision between India and Asia occurred about<br />
30 My ago. This northward motion induced the East-West opening <strong>of</strong> the West Philippine<br />
Basin and then its rotation clock-wise between 50 and 40 My ago. This basin is now called the<br />
Philippine plate. The plate history is compared to the tomographic model in order to identify in<br />
the lower mantle slab fragments <strong>of</strong> the different plates and unravel subduction history over the<br />
last 130 My.<br />
36-11 15:50 Faccenna, Claudio<br />
SUBDUCTION-TRIGGERED MAGMATIC PULSE<br />
FACCENNA, Claudio1 , BECKER, Thorsten W. 2 , LALLEMAND, Serge3 , LAGABRIELLE,<br />
Yves3 , PIROMALLO, Claudia4 , and FUNICIELLO, Francesca1 , (1) Dipartimento di<br />
Scienze Geologiche, Università Roma Tre, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo 1, Roma,<br />
00146, Italy, faccenna@uniroma3.it, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Univ <strong>of</strong> Southern<br />
California, 3651 Trousdale Parkway, Zumberge Hall 117, Los Angeles, CA 90089-074,<br />
(3) Geosciences, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, 34000, France, (4) Roma, 00100<br />
A variety <strong>of</strong> atypical plume-like structures and focused upwellings that are not rooted in the<br />
lower mantle have recently been discussed, and seismological imaging has shown ubiquitous<br />
small-scale convection in the uppermost mantle in regions such as the Mediterranean region,<br />
the western US, and around the western Pacific. We argue that the three-dimensional return<br />
flow and slab fragmentation associated <strong>with</strong> complex oceanic subduction trajectories <strong>with</strong>in<br />
the upper mantle can generate focused upwellings and that these may play a significant role in<br />
regional tectonics. The testable surface expressions <strong>of</strong> this process are the outsidearc alkaline<br />
volcanism, topographic swell, and low-velocity seismic anomalies associated <strong>with</strong> partial<br />
melt. Using three-dimensional, simplified numerical subduction models, we show that focused<br />
upwellings can be generated both ahead <strong>of</strong> the slab in the back-arc region (though ~five<br />
times further inward from the trench than arc-volcanism) and around the lateral edges <strong>of</strong> the<br />
slab (in the order <strong>of</strong> 100 km away from slab edges). Vertical mass transport, and by inference<br />
the associated decompression melting, in these regions appears strongly correlated <strong>with</strong> the<br />
interplay between relative trench motion and subduction velocities. The upward flux <strong>of</strong> material<br />
from the depths is expected to be most pronounced during the first phase <strong>of</strong> slab descent<br />
into the upper mantle or during slab fragmentation. We discuss representative case histories<br />
from the Pacific and the Mediterranean where we find possible evidence for such slab-related<br />
volcanism.<br />
36-12 16:20 Rümpker, Georg<br />
SEISMOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR LITHOSPHERIC ALTERATION BY MELT INFILTRATION<br />
BENEATH THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT<br />
WÖLBERN, Ingo1 , RÜMPKER, Georg1 , LINDENFELD, Michael1 , HOMUTH, Benjamin1 ,<br />
BATTE, Arthur1 , and SODOUDI, Forough2 , (1) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Goethe-University<br />
Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1, Frankfurt, 63322, Germany, rumpker@geophysik.unifrankfurt.de,<br />
(2) Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473,<br />
Germany<br />
A number <strong>of</strong> seismological studies in East Africa have focused on the northern and eastern<br />
branches <strong>of</strong> the East African Rift System (EARS). However, the seismic activity along the<br />
western branch is much more pronounced. Here, the Rwenzori Mountains, at the border<br />
between Uganda and the D.R. <strong>of</strong> Congo, are unusual as they are situated <strong>with</strong>in the graben<br />
and reach elevations <strong>of</strong> up to 5100 m. We have analyzed data from local and teleseismic<br />
earthquakes to study the lithospheric structure beneath the rift and its surroundings. P-wave<br />
receiver functions reveal that the crustal thickness decreases from 32 km beneath the rift<br />
shoulders to about 24 km beneath the rift. Shear-wave splitting parameters from teleseismic<br />
phases are relatively uniform <strong>with</strong> fast polarizations oriented parallel to the rift axis and delay<br />
times <strong>of</strong> about 1 second. Splitting analyses from local events show that anisotropy <strong>with</strong>in the<br />
crust and uppermost mantle does not contribute significantly to the observations. Also, the<br />
splitting observations cannot be explained by assumptions on asthenospheric mantle flow<br />
for the region. We therefore favor models <strong>of</strong> anisotropy <strong>with</strong>in the lithosphere, most likely due<br />
to rift-parallel dykes or veins ascending from the asthenosphere and infiltrating the lower<br />
lithosphere to depths <strong>of</strong> about 50 km. The observation <strong>of</strong> earthquakes <strong>with</strong>in the mantle at this<br />
depth may be indicative <strong>of</strong> magmatic fracturing during dyke emplacement. This interpretation<br />
is further supported by the analysis <strong>of</strong> S-wave receiver functions which provides evidence<br />
for two consecutive reductions in shear-wave speed at depths between 55-90 km and 140-<br />
200 km, respectively. Conversion depths decrease from the Tanzania craton towards the rift.<br />
We interpret the deeper discontinuity as the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, whereas<br />
the shallower discontinuity marks a melt-infiltration front, i.e. the upper boundary <strong>of</strong> the altered<br />
lower lithosphere.<br />
36-13 16:35 Dyment, Jérôme<br />
RIDGE–HOTSPOT INTERACTION: 65 MILLIONS YEARS OF REUNION HOTSPOT HISTORY<br />
DYMENT, Jérôme, Marine Geosciences, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris & CNRS,<br />
1 rue Jussieu, Paris 75005 France, jdy@ipgp.fr<br />
Although tomography may help to image plumes in the present mantle, the history <strong>of</strong> such<br />
plumes can only be deciphered through investigation <strong>of</strong> the volcanic structures formed during<br />
this history and the tectonic evolution <strong>of</strong> the plate. We illustrate the complexity <strong>of</strong> such a history<br />
by re-evaluating the Reunion hotspot history.<br />
The Reunion hotspot is <strong>of</strong>ten envisioned as a typical intraplate hotspot, and its history<br />
described as the continuous building <strong>of</strong> volcanic structures from the Deccan traps to Reunion<br />
Islands as the Indian and African plates were moving northward. Conversely, geochemical and<br />
geophysical evidences from the CIR 19°S support two episodes <strong>of</strong> hotspot-ridge interaction,<br />
at 8-10 Ma <strong>with</strong> the emplacement <strong>of</strong> the Rodrigues Ridge, and since 2 Ma <strong>with</strong> volcanism on<br />
Rodrigues Island and a set <strong>of</strong> newly discovered volcanic ridges extending up to the CIR axis.<br />
Such an interaction while the CIR and Reunion Island are more than 1000 km away suggests<br />
that the Reunion hotspot had a long history <strong>of</strong> interaction <strong>with</strong> the Carlsberg Ridge (CR) and<br />
the CIR, starting as early as the hotspot inception by the Indian plate, which triggered the<br />
opening <strong>of</strong> the CR at 65-61 Ma. Between 58-43 Ma, systematic ridge propagation on the CR<br />
reflects interaction <strong>with</strong> the Reunion hotspot, whereas interaction <strong>with</strong> the CIR was blocked by<br />
the long Mauritius-Chagos FZ. As a result <strong>of</strong> the interaction between the hotspot and the CR,<br />
the Chagos, Nazareth, and Cargados Carajos Banks may have formed on the African plate,<br />
as conjugate <strong>of</strong> Maldives and southern Laccadives Banks. The saddle between Maldives and<br />
Chagos Banks, located at a bend in the general trend <strong>of</strong> the structure, would correspond to<br />
a fossil ridge dated 43 Ma. The good fit between Chagos Bank and the Mascarene Plateau<br />
suggests rifting and break up <strong>of</strong> pre-existing structures between 43 and 35 Ma, rather than a<br />
mid-ocean ridge passing over a hotspot.<br />
Results <strong>of</strong> cruises Mag<strong>of</strong>ond 2, Gimnaut, and Knox 11-RR, and IFCPAR Project 1907-1<br />
(M. Benoit, G.C. Bhattacharya, A. Briais, C. Bollinger, A.K. Chaubey, J. Day, E. Füri, Y. Gallet,<br />
P. Gente, H. Guillou, C. Hémond, D. Hilton, H. Horen, M. Kitazawa, B. Le Gall, M. Maia,<br />
B. Murton, F. Nauret. P. Patriat, M. Ravilly, J.Y. Royer, K. Srinivas, K. Tamaki, C. Tamura,<br />
R. Thibaud, & V. Yatheesh)<br />
Munich, Germany A53<br />
Wednesday
SESSION NO. 36<br />
36-14 16:50 Meier, Thomas<br />
LAYERED DEFORMATION WITHIN THE AEGEAN CONTINENTAL CRUST AND MANTLE<br />
REVEALED BY SEISMIC ANISOTROPY<br />
MEIER, Thomas 1 , ENDRUN, Brigitte 2 , LEBEDEV, Sergei 3 , TIREL, Celine 3 , and<br />
FRIEDERICH, Wolfgang 4 , (1) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel,<br />
Otto-Hahn-Platz 1, Kiel, 24118, Germany, meier@geophysik.uni-kiel.de, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24, Potsdam,<br />
14476, Germany, (3) Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin, 2,<br />
Ireland, (4) Institute for Mineralogy, Geology and Geophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum,<br />
Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany<br />
Relative measurements <strong>of</strong> Rayleigh wave phase velocities allow to reveal depth dependent<br />
azimuthal anisotropy <strong>of</strong> shear-waves propagation <strong>with</strong>in the crust and the mantle lithosphere. In<br />
the Aegean, azimuthally anisotropic phase-velocity maps determined by tomographic inversions<br />
indicate preferred orientations <strong>of</strong> minerals (anisotropic fabric) <strong>with</strong>in the extending lithosphere.<br />
In the south-central Aegean, deforming weakly at present, anisotropic fabric in the lower<br />
crust trends parallel to the direction <strong>of</strong> paleo-extension in the Miocene. This hints at frozen-in<br />
anisotropy related to Miocene extension that was accompanied by exhumation <strong>of</strong> metamorphic<br />
core complexes. Beneath the northern Aegean Sea, fast shear-wave propagation directions<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the mantle lithosphere show a remarkable match <strong>with</strong> the directions <strong>of</strong> the extensional<br />
component <strong>of</strong> the current strain field obtained by GPS measurements at the Earth surface.<br />
This observation indicates that deformation <strong>of</strong> the northern Aegean Sea lithosphere is coherent<br />
in the sense that from the upper crust down to the lithospheric mantle it undergoes the same<br />
region-scale, North-South extension. The style <strong>of</strong> this deformation, however, is different in the<br />
brittle upper crust (slip on fault systems) and in the lithospheric mantle (viscous flow), <strong>with</strong> the<br />
ductile mid-lower crust accommodating the transition between the two. The close match <strong>of</strong><br />
orientations <strong>of</strong> regional-scale anisotropic fabric and the directions <strong>of</strong> extension during the last<br />
major episodes <strong>of</strong> deformation implies that at least a large part <strong>of</strong> the extension in the Aegean<br />
has been taken up by distributed viscous flow in the lower crust and lithospheric mantle.<br />
36-15 17:05 Kroner, Uwe<br />
THE PLATE KINEMATIC MEMORY OF THE CONTINENTS<br />
KRONER, Uwe and ROSCHER, Marco, Geology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg,<br />
B. v. Cotta Str. 2, Freiberg, 09596, Germany, kroner@geo.tu-freiberg.de<br />
Various coexisting Paleozoic plate tectonic reconstructions for the formation <strong>of</strong> Pangea are<br />
classically based on the determination <strong>of</strong> the paleolatitudes <strong>of</strong> continental blocks derived from<br />
paleomagnetics, paleoclimate and paleobiogeography. Their contradicting nature based on the<br />
uncertainty <strong>of</strong> the used constraints making obvious that there is still no consensus in terms<br />
<strong>of</strong> Paleozoic plate kinematics. Here we introduce a new, simple method for the restoration<br />
<strong>of</strong> ancient relative plate kinematics deduced exclusively from deformational structures <strong>of</strong> the<br />
continental crust.<br />
We applied this approach to Late Paleozoic plate movements in respect to a fixed East<br />
European Craton. Our three step strategy includes 1) the rough approximation <strong>of</strong> the position<br />
<strong>of</strong> the rotational axis, 2) its exact reconstruction utilizing spherical geometry and 3) critical tests<br />
along the incorporated plate boundary zones.<br />
We demonstrate that all major tectonic events between 370 Ma and 250 Ma can be<br />
sufficiently explained by the introduction <strong>of</strong> three rotational axes describing the kinematic<br />
scenarios <strong>of</strong> the Paleo-Arctic, the Paleo-Tethys and the Neo-Tethys System, named by the<br />
corresponding divergent boundary.<br />
On the example <strong>of</strong> the Rheic suture we show that our new method enables a comparison<br />
<strong>of</strong> regionally derived structural models and finally culminates in a unified spatial and temporal<br />
characterization <strong>of</strong> an entire plate boundary zone. Hence, we demonstrate that only the<br />
application <strong>of</strong> a spherical approach to regional and local problems is able to uncover the plate<br />
kinematic long-term memory <strong>of</strong> the continental crust.<br />
36-16 17:20 Becker, Thorsten W.<br />
USING SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY AND GEODYNAMIC MODELS TO UNDERSTAND GLOBAL<br />
SLAB MASS FLUX<br />
BECKER, Thorsten W., Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Univ <strong>of</strong> Southern California,<br />
3651 Trousdale Parkway, Zumberge Hall 117, Los Angeles, CA 90089-074, twb@<br />
usc.edu, BOSCHI, Lapo, ETH Zurich, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Zurch, 8092, and<br />
STEINBERGER, Bernhard, Center for Geodynamics, <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Norway,<br />
Trondheim, 7030, Norway<br />
The evolution <strong>of</strong> geochemical reservoirs over Earth’s history depends to a large extent on the<br />
slab-related mass transport from the upper to the lower mantle. While some form <strong>of</strong> whole<br />
mantle convection is now the generally accepted paradigm, there are still large remaining<br />
uncertainties about the subduction flux, the degree and nature <strong>of</strong> mid-mantle slab stagnation,<br />
and how regional dynamical effects, such as changes in plate motions and slab fragmentation,<br />
affect slab ponding. Part <strong>of</strong> this uncertainty is caused by a relative disconnect between highrealism,<br />
regional subduction models, and rather simplified global geodynamic approaches. We<br />
present two lines <strong>of</strong> work where we aim to construct an improved, global modeling approach<br />
and a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the imaged character <strong>of</strong> mantle convection. Comprehensive,<br />
joint inversions <strong>of</strong> a range <strong>of</strong> seismological data for shear wave structure are conducted, where<br />
our imaging focuses on the degree to which global tomography can detect vertical correlation<br />
or absence there<strong>of</strong>. Several recent tomographic models show a roughening <strong>of</strong> their spectral<br />
character at depths <strong>of</strong> ~800-1000 km, which substantiates slab stagnation at depths larger than<br />
the 660 km phase transition. We explore the robustness <strong>of</strong> such signals <strong>with</strong> a range <strong>of</strong> different<br />
damping and resolution tests. Further, we study improved, global subduction models in terms<br />
<strong>of</strong> their correlation and spectral character to understand which features <strong>of</strong> tomography are<br />
accessible to forward modeling, and which processes need to be implemented and understood<br />
better in order to arrive at more realistic global estimates <strong>of</strong> slab flux.<br />
A54 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
SESSION NO. 37, 11:00<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
T2E. Geomorphology and Surface Processes <strong>of</strong><br />
Tectonically Active Regions<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 017<br />
37-1 11:10 Hinderer, Matthias<br />
RIVER LOADS AND MODERN DENUDATION OF THE ALPS - A REVIEW<br />
HINDERER, Matthias1 , KASTOWSKI, Martin1 , KAMELGER, Achim2 , BARTOLINI, Carlo3 ,<br />
and SCHLUNEGGER, Fritz4 , (1) Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Technische<br />
Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany, hinderer@<br />
geo.tu-darmstadt.de, (2) OMV Aktiengesellschaft, Trabrennstr. 6-8, Wien, 1020, Austria,<br />
(3) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, Firenze,<br />
50121, Italy, (4) Institut für Geologie, Universität Bern, Baltzerstr. 1+3, Bern, 3012,<br />
Switzerland<br />
We present the first comprehensive analysis <strong>of</strong> sediment and dissolved load across an<br />
entire mountain range such as the Alps based on a compilation <strong>of</strong> data about river loads and<br />
reservoir sedimentation from 202 drainage basins that are between ca. 1 to 10 000 km2 large.<br />
The study basins cover about 50% <strong>of</strong> the total area <strong>of</strong> the Alps. Modern glaciated basins show<br />
the highest total denudation rates <strong>with</strong> up to 3 mm a 1 , on average being 5 to 10 times higher<br />
than in non-glaciated basins and a significant positive correlation exists between sediment<br />
yield and glacial cover. Instead, relief is a relatively weak predictor <strong>of</strong> sediment yield. The<br />
strong glacial impact is due to glacier recession since the 19th century as well as due to glacial<br />
conditioning during repeated Quaternary glaciations producing a strong transient state <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Alpine landscape. We suggest that this is the major cause for ca. 3 fold enhanced denudation <strong>of</strong><br />
the western compared to the eastern Alps. Chemical denudation rates are highest in the outer<br />
Alps dominated by sedimentary rocks where they make up about one third <strong>of</strong> total denudation.<br />
The high rates can not be explained <strong>with</strong>out anhydrite dissolution. We estimated that only<br />
45% <strong>of</strong> the sediments mobilised in headwaters are exported out <strong>of</strong>f the Alps, most sediments<br />
being trapped in artifical reservoirs. When corrected for sediment storage we receive an areaweighted<br />
mean total denudation rate for the Alps <strong>of</strong> about 0.32 mm a 1 . The pre-dam rate might<br />
be as high as 0.42 mm a 1 . In total, ca. 58*106 t <strong>of</strong> mass are exported each year out <strong>of</strong> the Alps.<br />
These rates are not enough to pace out modern rock uplift. Thus the Alps are topographically<br />
growing at present, in contrast to the Quaternary mean. Nevertheless, the coincidence between<br />
rock uplift, glacial imprint and the pattern <strong>of</strong> modern denudation rates supports the hypothesis<br />
<strong>of</strong> an erosion-driven uplift <strong>of</strong> the Alps.<br />
37-2 11:40 Brardinoni, Francesco<br />
LITHOLOGIC AND GLACIALLY-CONDITIONED CONTROLS ON DEBRIS-FLOW SEDIMENT<br />
FLUX IN ALTO ADIGE, ITALY<br />
BRARDINONI, Francesco, <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della<br />
Scienza, 4, Milano, 20126, Italy, francesco.brardinoni@unimib.it, SIMONI, Alessandro,<br />
Bologna, 40126, Italy, and MACCONI, Pierpaolo, Bolzano, 39100, Italy<br />
Debris flows are efficient processes <strong>of</strong> sediment transfer from slope base to alluvial fans<br />
in mountain drainage basins. To advance current understanding <strong>of</strong> debris-flow sediment<br />
dynamics at the regional scale we analyze a historical (1998-2009) database <strong>of</strong> debris flows<br />
in 82 selected basins <strong>of</strong> the Alto Adige Province, north-eastern Italy. By combining historical<br />
information on event-based debris-flow volumetric deposition, high-resolution (LiDAR-derived)<br />
digital topography, and mapping <strong>of</strong> Quaternary sediment stores we are able to (i) characterize<br />
the principal topographic conditions at which debris-flow initiation, transportation, and<br />
deposition operate; (ii) detail debris-flow sedimentary signatures across spatial scales; and<br />
(iii) link debris-flow sediment flux to morphometry, lithologic variability, and sediment availability.<br />
We show that basin-wide specific yield obeys a negative scaling relation <strong>with</strong> basin area, which<br />
in turn is strongly controlled by dominant bedrock geology and abundance <strong>of</strong> Quaternary<br />
deposits. When the event-based sediment flux is subsumed across spatial scales, a more<br />
complex sedimentary signature is apparent, regardless <strong>of</strong> sediment availability. We hypothesize<br />
that this signature is characteristic <strong>of</strong> most debris-flow dominated settings.<br />
37-3 11:55 Kober, Florian<br />
THE PERTURBATION OF CATCHMENT WIDE DENUDATION RATES IN DEBRIS FLOW<br />
DOMINATED CATCHMENTS<br />
KOBER, Florian1 , HIPPE, Kristina2 , SALCHER, Bernhard1 , IVY-OCHS, Susan3 , KUBIK,<br />
Peter W. 4 , WACKER, Lukas4 , and WILLETT, Sean D. 1 , (1) ETH Earth Sciences, Geology,<br />
Sonnegsstr. 5, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland, kober@erdw.ethz.ch, (2) ETH Earth Sciences,<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Geochemistry and Petrology, Clausiusstrasse 25, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland,<br />
(3) Laboratory <strong>of</strong> Ion Beam Physics/Institute <strong>of</strong> Geography, ETH Zurich/University <strong>of</strong><br />
Zurich, Hoenggerberg, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland, (4) Laboratory <strong>of</strong> Ion Beam Physics,<br />
ETH Zürich, Schafmattstrasse 20, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland<br />
Threshold dominated mountainous regions are commonly related <strong>with</strong> landscape process<br />
subjected to debris flows and landslides and their associated hazards. Quantifying process<br />
rates, and specifically meaningful denudation rates, in such environments is complicated by<br />
the episodic nature <strong>of</strong> the occurrence <strong>of</strong> debris flows and landslides. While commonly sediment<br />
yield studies are referred to as underestimating denudation rates, cosmogenic nuclide ( 10Be) based mean catchment wide denudation rates are integrating such events if appropriate<br />
spatial catchment scales <strong>with</strong> respect to frequency and magnitude <strong>of</strong> events are considered.<br />
However, catchment wide denudation rates require geomorphic and isotopic steady state in<br />
all compartments <strong>of</strong> the catchment and a well mixing <strong>of</strong> these compartments at the sampling<br />
site. We have tested these assumptions in a catchment prone to episodic debris flows activity<br />
in Central Switzerland. Nuclide concentrations obtained over a time-series <strong>of</strong> 3 years vary by a<br />
factor <strong>of</strong> two at the same sampling site. Reduction in nuclide concentrations correlates <strong>with</strong> the<br />
occurrence <strong>of</strong> debris flows just prior to sampling. Significant erosion <strong>of</strong> the debris flow track and<br />
debris flow cone (>15 m) <strong>with</strong> abrupt aggradation in the trunk stream (>10 m) occurred – a fact<br />
that is not immediately evident at the sampling site farther 6 km downstream. Common area<br />
weighted mass balances and mixing studies may not be appropriate in such catchments since<br />
debris flow fans directly deposited at the trunk stream do not allow sufficient mixing.
37-4 12:10 Campani, Marion<br />
OLIGO-MIOCENE STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOCLIMATE RECORDS FROM PALEOSOLS IN<br />
THE NORTH ALPINE FORELAND BASIN<br />
CAMPANI, Marion 1 , MULCH, Andreas 1 , KEMPF, Oliver 2 , and SCHLUNEGGER, Fritz 3 ,<br />
(1) Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum BiK-F, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt,<br />
60325, Germany, Marion.Campani@senckenberg.de, (2) Bundesamt für Landestopografie<br />
swisstopo, Geologische Landesaufnahme, Seftigenstr. 264, Bern, 3084, Switzerland,<br />
(3) Institut für Geologie, Universität Bern, Baltzerstr. 1+3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland<br />
The development <strong>of</strong> the North Alpine Foreland Basin has been strongly influenced by the<br />
tectonic evolution <strong>of</strong> the adjacent Alpine orogen. Detailed knowledge <strong>of</strong> the stratigraphy, facies<br />
relationships, and chronology <strong>of</strong> sedimentation provides an exceptional case to establish a<br />
detailed terrestrial stable isotope record for the climatic evolution in Central Europe. We present<br />
detailed oxygen and carbon isotopic records for Oligo-Miocene terrestrial paleosols developed<br />
in the North Alpine Foreland Basins <strong>of</strong> Switzerland, including the Oligo-Miocene boundary and<br />
the mid-Miocene climatic optimum (MMCO). These paleosols consist <strong>of</strong> reddish pedogenic<br />
mudstones containing abundant carbonate concretions and calcified roots. These soils<br />
developed in overbank settings <strong>of</strong> the Hörnli, Napf, Kronberg and Speer alluvial fan systems at<br />
the Alpine thrust front and have been dated by magnetostratigraphy <strong>with</strong> ca. 100 ky precision.<br />
δ 18 O values for the calcrete are relatively constant at 25 ‰ (SMOW) between 30 and 21 Ma,<br />
decrease to 20 ‰ between 21 and 17 Ma and show the lowest values in the entire section<br />
between 17 and 14.5 Ma. Miocene pedogenic mudstones show a similar isotopic trend than<br />
their associated nodules. The reason for exceptionally low δ 18 O values during the MMCO is not<br />
completely clear. One possible interpretation is that the decrease to exceptionally low values<br />
reflects the formation <strong>of</strong> significant Alpine topography responsible for reorganizing the air<br />
circulation patterns. The subsequent isotopic increase at 14.5 Ma in the paleosols mimics the<br />
general trend <strong>of</strong> the global oceanic oxygen isotope records and also corresponds to a general<br />
rapid cooling event, well documented in Central Europe, following the MMCO. We therefore<br />
interpret these measurements to record a global climatic variation in the mid-Miocene. This<br />
isotopic record from the North Alpine Foreland Basin provides a detailed database for climate<br />
changes in Central Europe consistent <strong>with</strong> paleontological observation and suggests that the<br />
growth <strong>of</strong> the Alpine topography in the Central Alps has been responsible for local climate<br />
change and reorganization <strong>of</strong> the air circulation patterns.<br />
37-5 12:25 Lease, Richard<br />
SEDIMENTARY, STRUCTURAL AND THERMOCHRONOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO PULSED<br />
MIOCENE MOUNTAIN RANGE GROWTH IN NORTHEASTERN TIBET<br />
LEASE, Richard, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth Science, University <strong>of</strong> California Santa Barbara,<br />
Santa Barbara, CA 93106, rlease@crustal.ucsb.edu and BURBANK, Douglas, Institute for<br />
Crustal Studies, Univ <strong>of</strong> California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106<br />
Growth <strong>of</strong> mountain ranges is manifested by deformation and slip on faults, uplift and cooling<br />
<strong>of</strong> rock, erosion <strong>of</strong> rock, and deposition <strong>of</strong> sediments. A coordinated study is needed to test<br />
the fidelity <strong>of</strong> these proxies to illuminate the dynamics <strong>of</strong> the climatic-geodynamic system. We<br />
explore the Miocene-to-recent history <strong>of</strong> range growth in a focused area <strong>of</strong> the northeastern<br />
Tibetan Plateau (36°N, 103°E) by examining (i) thermochronological transects from<br />
contractional ranges in combination <strong>with</strong> (ii) magnetostratigraphic successions from adjacent<br />
foreland basins and (iii) balanced structural cross-sections. The north-vergent Laji Shan thrust<br />
started at ca. 22 Ma and the east-vergent Jishi Shan at ca.13 Ma. Within the adjacent Xunhua-<br />
Linxia basin complex, sequential Late Cenozoic range growth is expressed by punctuated,<br />
2- to 3-fold increases in sedimentation and basin subsidence rates that suggest periods <strong>of</strong><br />
enhanced flexural loading due to thrust faulting. The most rapid accumulation rates occur <strong>with</strong>in<br />
the finest-grained strata, consistent <strong>with</strong> a starved basin during the interval <strong>of</strong> most intense<br />
deformation. Additionally, the introduction <strong>of</strong> new detrital zircon provenance signatures <strong>with</strong>in<br />
basin fill heralds the erosion <strong>of</strong> newly-emergent Laji Shan and Jishi Shan basement terranes at<br />
ca. 21 and ca. 13 Ma. Progradation <strong>of</strong> conglomerate into Xunhua basin starts >5 Myr after Laji<br />
Shan range growth commenced. Conglomerate progradation coincides <strong>with</strong> a 3-fold decrease<br />
in basin subsidence rates and an order <strong>of</strong> magnitude deceleration in cooling rates, suggesting<br />
cessation <strong>of</strong> major Laji Shan thrusting and loading. Thus, conglomerate deposition in our<br />
study area appears to be post-tectonic. Finally, variations in the direction and timing <strong>of</strong> range<br />
growth in northeastern Tibet demonstrate how India-Asia convergence was manifest on the<br />
margin <strong>of</strong> the Tibetan Plateau throughout the Cenozoic. Our observations from mountains and<br />
basins document a middle Miocene change in the kinematic style <strong>of</strong> plateau deformation from<br />
contraction along a trajectory that mimicked the India-Asia collision to the onset <strong>of</strong> east-west<br />
contraction. Cross-section restorations suggest that more than half <strong>of</strong> all Cenozoic shortening<br />
in this area occurred since middle Miocene time, as northeastern Tibetan crust began<br />
moving eastward.<br />
37-6 14:00 Shyu, J. Bruce H.<br />
CO-SEISMIC COASTAL UPLIFT AND LONG-TERM GEOMORPHIC DEVELOPMENT ALONG<br />
THE SOUTHWESTERN COAST OF MYANMAR (BURMA)<br />
SHYU, J. Bruce H. 1 , WANG, Yu2 , AUNG, Thura3 , WANG, Chung-Che1 , CHIANG,<br />
Hong-Wei1 , MIN, Soe4 , THAN, Oo5 , LIN, Kyaw Kyaw5 , SIEH, Kerry6 , and TUN, Soe Thura3 ,<br />
(1) Department <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, jbhs@<br />
ntu.edu.tw, (2) Division <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> and Planetary Sciences, California Institute <strong>of</strong><br />
Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, (3) Myanmar Earthquake Committee, Myanmar<br />
Engineering <strong>Society</strong>, Yangon, Myanmar/Burma, (4) Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, Yangon<br />
University, Yangon, Myanmar/Burma, (5) Department <strong>of</strong> Meteorology and Hydrology,<br />
Yangon, Myanmar/Burma, (6) Earth Observatory <strong>of</strong> Singapore, Nanyang Technological<br />
University, Singapore, 639646, Singapore<br />
Myanmar is located at one <strong>of</strong> the major plate boundaries <strong>of</strong> the world, between the Indian-<br />
Australian and the Eurasian plates. Along this major convergent plate boundary, strain<br />
partitioning has produced two loci <strong>of</strong> active deformation, including the subducting interface and<br />
the Sagaing fault, and both are among the largest seismic sources in Southeast Asia. For the<br />
Sagaing fault, information <strong>of</strong> past earthquakes can be obtained from the very detailed historical<br />
records <strong>of</strong> Buddhist pagodas. The western coastal area <strong>of</strong> Myanmar, on the other hand, has<br />
experienced one large historical earthquake in 1762. However, detailed information about this<br />
event is quite limited.<br />
For the past two years, we have investigated coastal geomorphic features <strong>of</strong> two major<br />
islands in southwestern Myanmar, the Ramree Island and the Cheduba (Manaung) Island. By<br />
analyzing uplifted corals and oyster reefs, we were able to determine the amounts and patterns<br />
<strong>of</strong> co-seismic uplift in 1762 along the coast <strong>of</strong> these islands. The results are consistent <strong>with</strong><br />
historical documents <strong>of</strong> the earthquake, and show that along the western Cheduba coast,<br />
co-seismic uplift was about 3-4 meters. This uplift decreased toward the east, and became only<br />
about 0.5 meter at the eastern coast <strong>of</strong> the island. However, further to the east, across the strait<br />
at the western Ramree coast, co-seismic uplift in 1762 was much higher, up to 5-6 meters.<br />
The uplift again decreased toward the east and became less than 1 meter near the eastern<br />
Ramree coast.<br />
This co-seismic uplift pattern indicates that the earthquake source <strong>of</strong> 1762 was an upperplate<br />
reverse fault system, instead <strong>of</strong> the subducting interface itself. This pattern is also<br />
consistent <strong>with</strong> the general topographic patterns <strong>of</strong> these two large islands, where the western<br />
coasts are steeper <strong>with</strong> higher and narrower marine terraces than the western coasts.<br />
Therefore, the long-term topographic development <strong>of</strong> the southwestern Myanmar coast, at least<br />
SESSION NO. 37<br />
near the two major coastal islands, may be strongly related <strong>with</strong> co-seismic deformation <strong>of</strong><br />
earthquakes produced by upper-plate structures.<br />
37-7 14:15 Schlunegger, Fritz<br />
MIGRATION OF DEFORMATION AS A RESULT OF CLIMATE VARIATIONS: THE ANDES<br />
SCHLUNEGGER, Fritz and NORTON, Kevin P., University <strong>of</strong> Bern, Institute <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Sciences, Baltzerstrasse 1+3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland, schlunegger@geo.unibe.ch<br />
The Eastern and Western Cordillera <strong>of</strong> the Central Andes differ considerably in both climate<br />
and deformation style. Climatically, the eastern slopes are tropical, receiving greater than<br />
3 meters <strong>of</strong> rain per year, while the western slopes can go decades <strong>with</strong>out recorded rainfall.<br />
These climatic differences are matched by strikingly different tectonic settings. The Eastern<br />
Cordillera and Sub-Andes deform by active shortening and thrusting and the Western<br />
Cordillera and Escarpment deform by long-wavelength warping. Here we show that the modern<br />
distribution <strong>of</strong> deformation in the Central Andes can be a result <strong>of</strong> enhanced orographic<br />
precipitation pattern beginning ca. 7-10 Ma. Reduced erosion on the western side would have<br />
steepened the orogen, forcing deformation to shift to the east where high precipitation amounts<br />
would have enhanced erosion. We support this hypothesis <strong>with</strong> a suite <strong>of</strong> geochemical and<br />
geomorphologic data as well as numerical modeling studies.<br />
Erosion rates as measured by cosmogenic nuclides are < 0.01 mm yr 1 in the west and more<br />
than an order <strong>of</strong> magnitude higher, > 0.2 mm yr 1 , in the east. Stream pr<strong>of</strong>iles from the Western<br />
Escarpment are indicative <strong>of</strong> slow knickzone retreat in the absence <strong>of</strong> modern tectonic forcing<br />
while streams on the Eastern Escarpment are the product <strong>of</strong> strong climate-tectonic feedbacks.<br />
These data support the results <strong>of</strong> both critical taper calculations and fault-scale friction<br />
calculations. The reduction in erosion at 7-10 Ma results in the steepening <strong>of</strong> the topographic<br />
ramp, shifting the Western Escarpment into a super-critical state and increasing the friction<br />
on internal faults. Such steepening is therefore accompanied by a termination <strong>of</strong> internal<br />
deformation <strong>with</strong> strain accommodated along a basal detachment. At the same time, high<br />
erosion rates on the Eastern Escarpment promote advection <strong>of</strong> crustal material and enhanced<br />
internal deformation in a sub-critical state.<br />
37-8 14:35 McQuarrie, Nadine<br />
TRACKING THE COMPETITION BETWEEN BOTH MANTLE AND CRUSTAL GEODYNAMICS<br />
AND SURFACE PROCESSES IN CREATING THE UNIFORM LANDSCAPE OF THE ANDEAN<br />
PLATEAU<br />
MCQUARRIE, Nadine, Department <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Princeton University, Guyot<br />
Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, nmcq@princeton.edu and LEIER, Andrew, Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Geoscience, University <strong>of</strong> Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada<br />
Tracking temporal changes in surface elevation has become an important proxy for<br />
understanding feedbacks between crustal deformation, mantle accommodation and surface<br />
processes. Uniform high elevation and broad low relief topography from southern Peru to<br />
Argentina strongly suggest a uniform process for plateau formation. However, shortening<br />
estimates, modern day mantle structure and paleoelevation estimates differ in magnitude,<br />
space and time. The eastern edge <strong>of</strong> the Andean plateau in Bolivia was actively shortening<br />
and exhuming from 45-25 Ma. By ~28 Ma, 60% <strong>of</strong> total Andean shortening was completed<br />
and the fold-thrust belt began to be buried by its own synorogenic sediments. The magnitude<br />
<strong>of</strong> exhumation that predates burial at 28 Ma ranges from 4.5 to 7 km. Sedimentology from<br />
the 2 km thick synorogenic Salla basin which directly overlays the exhumed region indicates<br />
the sediment source was from local topographic highs, while oxygen isotope data suggest<br />
the basin was at low elevations through 25 Ma. A thin ~100m thick overlap basin deposited<br />
between 22 and 8 Ma records a 4-6 ppm shift in δO18 that may reflect an abrupt change in<br />
elevation. At 24 Ma, the Eastern Cordillera became the dominant source area for sediment<br />
deposited in the eastern Altiplano region. We propose crustal shortening created topography<br />
and facilitated exhumation. This shortening was likely accommodated by the development <strong>of</strong><br />
a metastable package <strong>of</strong> eclogite in the lowermost crust and thickened mantle lithosphere at<br />
depth The mantle downwelling associated <strong>with</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> this material produced a regional<br />
downwarping at the surface creating the Salla basin. Similar histories <strong>of</strong> basin formation and<br />
inversion are present in other locations in the Andean Plateau, such as the proposed rapid<br />
uplift <strong>of</strong> the Altiplano at ~6.8 Ma. Multiple uplift events require either the amount and timing<br />
<strong>of</strong> uplifts to vary spatially and/or the magnitude <strong>of</strong> uplift derived from modern lapse rates to<br />
be less than previously suggested. While the sedimentary record on the Andean Plateau,<br />
combined <strong>with</strong> δO18w and D47-derived temperature data make a strong argument for<br />
regionally-variable, and diachronous episodes <strong>of</strong> surface uplift, as well as provide a spatial<br />
scale for geodynamic processes, the magnitude <strong>of</strong> elevation change is uncertain.<br />
37-9 14:55 Insel, Nadja<br />
RESPONSE OF METEORIC D18O TO SURFACE UPLIFT - IMPLICATIONS FOR CENOZOIC<br />
ANDEAN PLATEAU GROWTH<br />
INSEL, Nadja, Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI<br />
48109-1005, nadinsel@umich.edu, POULSEN, Christopher J., Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Michigan, 2434 C.C. Little Building, 1100 N. University Avenue,<br />
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005, EHLERS, Todd, <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Michigan,<br />
2534 C.C. Little Building, 1100 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005, and STURM,<br />
Christophe, Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden<br />
The timing and magnitude <strong>of</strong> surface uplift provides important constraints on geodynamic<br />
models <strong>of</strong> orogen formation. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) and mass-47 isotopologue (D47)<br />
compositions from terrestrial carbonate sediments have been used <strong>with</strong> modern isotope<br />
and temperature lapse rates to infer past surface elevations <strong>of</strong> the Andes. However, these<br />
paleoaltimetry interpretations are contentious because variations in the oxygen isotope<br />
composition in meteoric water (δ18Op) are caused by changes in elevation (orographic) and<br />
regional climate. Here, we use a limited-domain isotope-tracking general circulation model to<br />
simulate changes in δ18Op and isotopic lapse rates in response to Andean surface uplift, and<br />
to re-evaluate δ18O and D47 changes in late Miocene carbonates previously associated <strong>with</strong><br />
rapid Andean growth. Results indicate that Andean surface uplift leads to changes in low-level<br />
atmospheric circulation and an increase in precipitation along the eastern Andean flank which<br />
influences isotopic source and amount effects. Simulated changes in Andean δ18Op are<br />
not systematic <strong>with</strong> an increase in surface elevation, but are instead a function <strong>of</strong> orographic<br />
thresholds that abruptly change regional climate. A δ18Op decrease <strong>of</strong> >5‰ over the central<br />
Andes and an increase in isotopic lapse rates (up to 0.8‰ km-1) coincide <strong>with</strong> Andean surface<br />
uplift from 75 to 100% <strong>of</strong> modern elevation. These changes in the isotopic signature could<br />
account for the entire 3-4‰ δ18O depletion in late Miocene carbonate nodules, and suggest an<br />
Andean paleoelevation <strong>of</strong> ~3000 m (75% <strong>of</strong> modern elevations) before 10 Ma.<br />
Munich, Germany A55<br />
Wednesday
SESSION NO. 37<br />
37-10 15:10 Mulch, Andreas<br />
THE STABLE ISOTOPE RECORD IN COUPLED BASIN-DETACHMENT SYSTEMS AS A<br />
PROXY FOR PALEOCLIMATE AND PALEOALTIMETRY RECONSTRUCTIONS<br />
GÉBELIN, Aude 1 , MULCH, Andreas 1 , and TEYSSIER, Christian 2 , (1) Biodiversität und<br />
Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt/Main, 60325,<br />
Germany, Andreas.Mulch@Senckenberg.de, (2) Geology & Geophysics, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455<br />
The elevation <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s surface is one <strong>of</strong> the most important characteristics <strong>of</strong> continental<br />
crust and mantle in that it reflects the distribution <strong>of</strong> mass and heat inside the Earth,<br />
controls drainage patterns and detrital recycling in large-scale river systems, and influences<br />
atmospheric circulation and therefore precipitation and climate. During the past decade stable<br />
isotope studies have been applied to reconstruct paleoelevation <strong>of</strong> mountains belt exploiting<br />
changes in meteoric water composition in the near-surface record or using silicates from<br />
extensional shear zones. Here we extend these approaches by combining multi-proxy, multiisotope<br />
data from extensional mylonite zones and kinematically linked syntectonic basins<br />
that record paleotopographic and climatic changes during Cenozoic extension <strong>of</strong> the western<br />
North <strong>America</strong>n Cordillera.<br />
We focus on the Snake Range metamorphic core complex and Sacramento Pass Basin<br />
(Nevada, USA) that co-developed as a consequence <strong>of</strong> Oligocene Miocene extension <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Basin and Range Province.<br />
Collectively, this basin-core complex pair allows us to track Oligo-Miocene meteoric<br />
fluid flow at different levels <strong>of</strong> actively extending crust in a high-topography region. For<br />
paleoaltimetry purposes we compare the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions as well<br />
as compositional and geochronological information acquired from a distinct proxies (lacustrine<br />
carbonate, calcite fault breccia, white mica in detachment mylonites) in the Snake Range to a<br />
~30 Ma lacustrine stable isotope record from a nearby basin in the House Range (UT, USA)<br />
whose paleoelevation has been constrained independently through paleobotanical analysis.<br />
To first order, each <strong>of</strong> the investigated compartments <strong>of</strong> the paleohydrologic system<br />
(lacustrine sediments, brittle faults, footwall mylonite) <strong>with</strong>in the Snake Range metamorphic<br />
core complex depict a coherent scenario <strong>of</strong> very low Oligo-Miocene meteoric d 18 O and dD<br />
values. When compared to the isotopic composition <strong>of</strong> lake sediments from the House Range<br />
(UT), stable isotope paleoaltimetry <strong>of</strong> the Snake Range points to locally sourced waters that<br />
originated at high elevations in an area <strong>with</strong> strong relief, most likely forming an Oligocene<br />
topographic high <strong>with</strong>in the Cordilleran hinterland.<br />
37-11 15:25 Schemmel, Fabian<br />
FROM RAINOUT TO RAINSHADOW: A STABLE ISOTOPIC PERSPECTIVE OF THE<br />
CENTRAL ANATOLIAN PLATEAU<br />
SCHEMMEL, Fabian1 , MIKES, Tamás1 , MULCH, Andreas1 , and ROJAY, Bora2 ,<br />
(1) Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25,<br />
Frankfurt/Main, 60325, Germany, Fabian.Schemmel@Senckenberg.de, (2) <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06531, Turkey<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the major tasks in terrestrial paleoclimate research is the reconstruction <strong>of</strong> continental<br />
precipitation changes and its effect on vegetation patterns as well as animal and human<br />
environments. Stable isotopes in precipitation have become increasingly important for<br />
characterizing various effects <strong>of</strong> uplift related climate change and therefore allow us to<br />
investigate the relationship between climate and faunal and floral biodiversity over geological<br />
timescales. The central Anatolian plateau (Turkey) today -like its larger counterparts in Tibet<br />
and the Andes- creates a distinct rainfall pattern and reconstructing such patterns through<br />
geologic time is one <strong>of</strong> the major challenges for terrestrial paleoclimate research. With modern<br />
peak elevations <strong>of</strong> more than 3,000m the southern plateau margin (Taurus Mountains) must<br />
have played a pivotal role during surface uplift in controlling precipitation patterns <strong>with</strong>in the<br />
plateau interior.<br />
During 2008 - 2011 we sampled primarily springs and smaller catchment streams from the<br />
Taurus Mountains at the Mediterranean coast in the south over the Central Anatolian plateau to<br />
the Black Sea in the north. The aim <strong>of</strong> this study is to quantify the modern effect <strong>of</strong> orographic<br />
rainout <strong>of</strong> the Taurus Mountains on both δD and δ18O values as well as to provide insight into<br />
the combined effects <strong>of</strong> orographic rain out along the plateau margins and (evapo-)transpiration<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the plateau interior.<br />
Two δD and δ18O sampling transects on the southern flank <strong>of</strong> the Taurus Mountains show<br />
similar trends <strong>with</strong> a systematic decrease <strong>of</strong> δD (-18 ‰/km) and δ18O (-2.7 ‰/km) <strong>with</strong><br />
increasing elevation. Samples taken north <strong>of</strong> the Taurus range have significantly lower δD and<br />
δ18O values compared to samples along the Mediterranean coast. However, increasing degrees<br />
<strong>of</strong> evaporation in the plateau interior systematically enriches lake, spring and stream waters in<br />
the D and 18O. Derived local meteoric waterlines (LMWL) <strong>of</strong> the two Taurus Mountain transects<br />
agree well <strong>with</strong> the Eastern Mediterranean Waterline (Gat & Carmi, 1970) which supports the<br />
idea that the local precipitation originated in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. They contrast,<br />
however, those <strong>of</strong> the plateau interior that have slopes 50 km) <strong>of</strong> the heat flow and temperature distribution is controlled by<br />
the configuration <strong>of</strong> the crystalline crust and upper mantle beneath the basin system.<br />
38-3 12:25 Sippel, Judith<br />
LITHOSPHERE-SCALE MODELS OF THE 3D CONDUCTIVE THERMAL FIELD -<br />
PREDICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS IN THE BEAUFORT-MACKENZIE BASIN (ARCTIC<br />
CANADA)<br />
SIPPEL, Judith, SCHECK-WENDEROTH, Magdalena, and LEWERENZ, Björn,<br />
Section 4.4 Basin Analysis, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for<br />
Geosciences, Telegrafenberg C4, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, sippel@gfz-potsdam.de<br />
The present-day temperature distribution <strong>of</strong> the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin is characterised by<br />
large-scale anomalies that have proposed to be related to specific tectonic domains and heat<br />
transported by convection along major discontinuities (Chen et al., 2008). As a result <strong>of</strong> a polyphase<br />
tectonostratigraphic history, the basin shows a complex stratigraphic architecture and<br />
density distribution (Sippel et al., submitted), arguing for a wide range <strong>of</strong> thermal conductivities<br />
which might additionally complicate the thermal structure. We calculate the 3D conductive<br />
thermal field for different lithosphere-scale models <strong>of</strong> the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, thus<br />
taking one step further towards a quantification and localization <strong>of</strong> heat transporting processes<br />
in this petroliferous region.<br />
The base for our thermal calculations is provided by a crust-scale 3D finite-element<br />
model <strong>of</strong> the basin which is consistent <strong>with</strong> seismic and well data as well as the observed<br />
gravity field (Sippel et al., submitted). This model is composed <strong>of</strong> seven Mesozoic-Cenozoic<br />
tectonostratigraphic units which tend to be younger, less compacted, and thus less thermally<br />
conductive, towards the north. The crust below is mostly continental <strong>with</strong> an upper low-density<br />
part (2720 kg/m³) and a lower moderate-density part (2850 kg/m³). Only the northernmost parts<br />
<strong>of</strong> the basin are assumed be underlain by oceanic crust (2900 kg/m³).<br />
For our thermal calculations, we extend the model down to the lithosphere-asthenosphere<br />
boundary which serves as the lower boundary condition <strong>of</strong> 1300 °C. The upper boundary<br />
condition is provided by the well-known depth distribution <strong>of</strong> the permafrost base (0 °C<br />
isotherm) in the region. For the calibration <strong>of</strong> the modelling results, we use temperature data<br />
from more than 230 wells and depths <strong>of</strong> up to 5000 m. We present different lithosphere-scale<br />
thermal models and comment on their (mis-)fits <strong>with</strong> the observed temperature distribution.<br />
References:<br />
Chen, Z., Osadetz, K.G., Issler, D.R., Grasby, S.E., 2008. Hydrocarbon migration detected<br />
by regional temperature field variations, Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, Canada. AAPG Bulletin,<br />
92(12): 1639-1653.<br />
Sippel, J., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., Lewerenz, B., Kroeger, K.F., submitted. A crustscale<br />
3D structural model <strong>of</strong> the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin (Arctic Canada). Submitted to<br />
Tectonophysics.<br />
38-4 14:00 Littke, Ralf<br />
QUANTITATIVE MODELLING OF SUBSIDENCE, EROSION AND THERMAL HISTORY OF<br />
THE DOLOMITES, NORTHERN ITALY<br />
TSCHERNY, Robert, Houston, TX 77022, BUEKER, Carsten, Houston, TX 70002,<br />
NOETH, Sheila, Houston, TX 77077, and LITTKE, Ralf, RWTH Aachen University,<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Geology and Geochemistry <strong>of</strong> Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstrasse 4-20,<br />
Aachen, 52056, Germany, littke@lek.rwth-aachen.de<br />
The Dolomites in Northern Italy, as part <strong>of</strong> the Southern Alps, are characterized by a complex<br />
poly-phase geological evolution. The sedimentary succession <strong>of</strong> the Dolomites, mainly Permian<br />
and Mesozoic in age, underwent several deformation phases followed by a final compression<br />
and inversion during the Meso- and Neo-alpine orogeny. This study quantifies the subsidence,<br />
erosional and thermal history <strong>of</strong> the Dolomites by combining high resolution litho-stratigraphy,<br />
organic matter maturity measurements and apatite fission track analyses (AFTA) <strong>with</strong> basin<br />
modeling. The multi-scale and multi-disciplinary based quantification <strong>of</strong> the thermal history is a<br />
key to improve the understanding <strong>of</strong> the geological processes in the Southern Alps.<br />
This study incorporates newly obtained vitrinite reflectance and geochemical maturity<br />
measurements from outcrop samples from more than 100 locations along the TransAlp seismic<br />
traverse. The results have been plotted into a set <strong>of</strong> eight coalification maps and establish a<br />
new spatial and temporal insight <strong>of</strong> thermal maturity <strong>of</strong> organic matter. The further analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
this new data reveals an increasing thermal maturity <strong>with</strong> increasing stratigraphic age <strong>with</strong>in the<br />
Permo-Mesozoic strata along the investigated pr<strong>of</strong>iles. Vitrinite reflectance ranges from about<br />
0.9 % VR for Permian strata to 0.5 % VR for Cretaceous strata. The thermal maturity (vitrinite<br />
r r<br />
reflectance) gradient indicates also a deeper burial than preserved in the sedimentary record.<br />
This strongly implies that the maximum temperature exposure <strong>of</strong> the Permian and Mesozoic<br />
sediments occurred prior to the deformation during the Meso- and Neoalpine orogeny. The<br />
results <strong>of</strong> the apatite fission track analyses and modelling from the sampled Permian Val-<br />
Gardena, Buchenstein- and Wengen-Formation support this conclusion and date the cooling<br />
into the Eocene (ca. 40 Ma).<br />
Finally, we used calibrated one-dimensional (1D) basin models based on reconstructed<br />
pseudo-wells to quantify the paleo heat flow history as well as the erosional amount for the<br />
central Dolomites. The erosional amount <strong>of</strong> the Cretaceous to Tertiary overburden <strong>with</strong> the<br />
best fit (<strong>of</strong> VR and AFTA data) was determined to range between 1400 and 2300 m <strong>with</strong> an<br />
r<br />
optimum around 1800 m.
38-5 14:15 Kukla, Peter<br />
DEFORMATION MECHANISMS AND LIMITS TO THE SEALING CAPACITY OF ROCK SALT:<br />
AN INTEGRATED, MULTI-SCALE APPROACH TO SALT BASIN EVALUATION<br />
KUKLA, Peter 1 , URAI, Janos L. 2 , LITTKE, Ralf 3 , REUNING, Lars 1 , BECKER, Stefan 1 ,<br />
ABE, Steffen 2 , LI, Shiyan 4 , WARREN, John 5 , SCHOENHERR, Johannes 6 , and MOHR,<br />
Markus 7 , (1) <strong>Geological</strong> Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, kukla@<br />
geol.rwth-aachen.de, (2) Structural Geology, Tectonics and Geomechanics, RWTH<br />
Aachen, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056, Germany, (3) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geology<br />
and Geochemistry <strong>of</strong> Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse<br />
4-20, Aachen, 52056, (4) Lehrgebiet für Geologie-Endogene Dynamik, RWTH<br />
Aachen, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, Aachen, 52056, Germany, (5) Department <strong>of</strong> Geology,<br />
Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand,<br />
(6) ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, 3319 Mercer St, Houston, TX 77027,<br />
(7) RWE Dea AG, Überseering 40, Hamburg, 22297, Germany<br />
Salt tectonics plays a major role in the development <strong>of</strong> sedimentary basins. Basins containing<br />
salt thus frequently display a complex geodynamic evolution characterized by several phases<br />
<strong>of</strong> halokinesis and associated sedimentation. One classic area <strong>of</strong> salt tectonics is the Central<br />
European Basin System (CEBS). Here, the mobile Permian Zechstein salt formed a large<br />
number <strong>of</strong> salt structures such as anticlines, diapirs, pillows, sheets, stocks, and walls during<br />
an extended period <strong>of</strong> salt tectonic activity in Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. Major changes in<br />
sedimentation patterns and structural regimes are associated and common in this setting. Over<br />
the past two decades, however, the focus <strong>of</strong> salt tectonics studies has been outside this area,<br />
being mainly initiated by hydrocarbon exploration in major <strong>of</strong>fshore salt basins worldwide such<br />
as the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico and the West African and South <strong>America</strong>n Atlantic Margins. A special<br />
priority programme <strong>of</strong> the german research foundation and industry sponsored work in Oman<br />
provided the opportunity to a new look at onshore salt basins.<br />
Our approach combines seismic, structural and sedimentary studies <strong>with</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
rheological properties, and geomechanic modelling. We illustrate these concepts <strong>with</strong> case<br />
studies from Permian Salt Basins in Europe and the Late Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian<br />
South Oman Salt Basin.<br />
Salt-influenced sedimentary responses to renewed phases <strong>of</strong> tectonism can be clearly<br />
discerned from detailed sequence analysis based on seismic and log data combined <strong>with</strong><br />
retrodeformation modelling studies. High quality 3-D seismic data integrated <strong>with</strong> structural<br />
modelling improves the definition <strong>of</strong> the internal dynamics <strong>of</strong> salt structures and associated<br />
sediment architecture in salt-controlled sequences. Paleo-caprocks inside the diapirs point to<br />
long phases <strong>of</strong> dissolution. Salt wedges formed by extrusion and lateral flow <strong>of</strong> salt glaciers<br />
during periods <strong>of</strong> diapir emergence and reduced sediment accumulation can be modelled.<br />
Although salt is widely regarded as a perfect seal, it can become permeable for one- or twophase<br />
fluids under certain conditions <strong>of</strong> fluid pressure, temperature and deviatoric stress. The<br />
fluid pathways can be either along zones <strong>of</strong> diffuse grain boundary dilatancy, or along open<br />
fractures, depending on the fluid overpressure and deviatoric stress.<br />
38-6 14:30 Elsner, Martin<br />
TECTONIC SETTING OF THE TRIASSIC TO EARLY JURASSIC TRANSANTARCTIC<br />
BASIN – IMPLICATIONS FROM SANDSTONE ANALYSIS FROM NORTH VICTORIA LAND,<br />
ANTARCTICA<br />
ELSNER, Martin, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Burgweg 11, Jena, 07749, Germany,<br />
martin.elsner@tum.de, SCHÖNER, Robert, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-<br />
Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 5, Erlangen, 91054, Germany,<br />
and GAUPP, Reinhard, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Burgweg 11, Jena, 07749,<br />
Germany<br />
The Transantarctic Basin formed in between the East Antarctic craton and a magmatic arc<br />
related to subduction <strong>of</strong> the proto-pacific ocean. It was filled <strong>with</strong> clastic sediments from<br />
the Devonian to the Jurassic, but was subject to substantial changes <strong>with</strong> regard to shape,<br />
depositional environments, and sediment transport directions during this time. Based on few<br />
widely spaced outcrops its Mesozoic part is regarded as a retro-arc foreland basin.<br />
In north Victoria Land, Triassic to Early Jurassic sandstones <strong>of</strong> the Section Peak Formation<br />
(Beacon Supergroup) overlie the deeply eroded Palaeozoic Ross Orogen. They reach about<br />
200 m thickness and are intruded by Early Jurassic Ferrar sills. In the present tectonic model,<br />
the sandstones in north Victoria Land are thought to represent the most distal part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
foreland basin.<br />
The petrographic composition <strong>of</strong> these sandstones and U-Pb age data <strong>of</strong> detrital zircons<br />
allow differentiating several sandstone types. For many <strong>of</strong> these, a local source from the Ross<br />
Orogen <strong>with</strong>in north Victoria Land or adjoining areas can be identified, and the contribution <strong>of</strong><br />
material from contemporaneous volcanic rocks <strong>of</strong> the magmatic arc is evident. The abundance<br />
<strong>of</strong> detritus from the Ross Orogen indicates that it was not covered by sediments but subject to<br />
erosion. This stands in contrast to the present basin model, which implies the burying <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ross Orogen under a pile <strong>of</strong> sediments thickening towards the magmatic arc. Further evidence<br />
against a foreland-type basin are the lack <strong>of</strong> sedimentary recycling, the fining upward trend,<br />
and the lack <strong>of</strong> progradation. Instead, we propose an epicratonic setting <strong>of</strong> the north Victoria<br />
Land part <strong>of</strong> the Transantarctic Basin during the Mesozoic.<br />
For the co-existence <strong>of</strong> an epicratonic basin in north Victoria Land and a foreland basin in<br />
other parts <strong>of</strong> the Transantarctic Mountains, a different subduction angle may be the most<br />
intriguing explanation. A foreland basin formed due to flat-plate subduction in the Cape<br />
Fold Belt (South Africa), the Ellsworth-Whitmore-Mountains, and possibly in the Central<br />
Transantarctic Mountains. In north Victoria Land and possibly in Australia, we assume a higher<br />
subduction angle and a narrower magmatic arc. Here, the Transantarctic Basin formed as a<br />
relatively narrow, belt-shaped basin in an epicratonic setting.<br />
38-7 15:00 Neubauer, Franz<br />
DATING OF K-SULPHATES AND OF THEIR DEFORMATION STRUCTURES: PRELIMINARY<br />
RESULTS FROM GERMAN ZECHSTEIN AND ALPINE HASELGEBIRGE<br />
NEUBAUER, Franz, LEITNER, Christoph, SCHORN, Anja, and GENSER, Johann,<br />
Dept. Geography and Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg,<br />
A-5020, Austria, Franz.Neubauer@sbg.ac.at<br />
Evaporite mélanges <strong>of</strong>ten form decollément surfaces <strong>of</strong> major extensional and contractional<br />
allochthons because <strong>of</strong> the very low shear resistance <strong>of</strong> halite. The most common cases <strong>of</strong><br />
evaporite mélanges are such (1) at passive continental margins, where they are deformed<br />
during gravity-driven extension (raft tectonics), (2) in external foreland fold-thrust belts <strong>with</strong>in<br />
a convergent geodynamic setting, and (3) in salt diapirs. In all these cases, halite is strongly<br />
deformed by late-stage deformation and only anhydrite-rich sulphate lenses preserve early<br />
deformational stages. Dating <strong>of</strong> associated K-sulphates may allow the recognition <strong>of</strong> early<br />
stages <strong>of</strong> deformation although this method is poorly applied. Knowledge <strong>of</strong> the limitations<br />
<strong>of</strong> K-sulphate chronometers (alunite, langbeinite and polyhalite occur in nature) may allow,<br />
therefore, dating <strong>of</strong> full history <strong>of</strong> evaporite mélanges.<br />
Polyhalite [K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O] commonly occurs in sedimentary evaporite successions.<br />
Under laboratory conditions, polyhalite can be synthesized by a reaction <strong>of</strong> gypsum <strong>with</strong><br />
appropriate solutions in the ternary system K2SO4–MgSO4–H2O at room temperatures<br />
(Wollmann 2010, PhD Thesis University <strong>of</strong> Freiberg) and start dehydration at 255°C to a<br />
maximum <strong>of</strong> 355°C.<br />
We successfully applied 40Ar/ 39Ar dating <strong>of</strong> polyhalite and langbeinite from German Zechstein<br />
and from Alpine Haselgebirge in Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA). Polyhalite from Morsleben<br />
SESSION NO. 38<br />
gave an age <strong>of</strong> 28.68 ± 0.11 Ma, which may represent the age <strong>of</strong> crystal growth. Dating <strong>of</strong><br />
deformed langbeinite from Neuh<strong>of</strong> gave a slightly scattered age pattern at ca. 150 Ma, implying<br />
recrystallization during ductile flow. In NCA, four different microstructural types <strong>of</strong> polyhalite<br />
rocks from Permian to Lower Triassic evaporites <strong>of</strong> Altaussee and Berchtesgaden salt mines<br />
have been dated. Polyhalite substituting euhedral halite in mudrock record an age <strong>of</strong> 234–<br />
235 Ma. Polyhalite in veins yield ages <strong>of</strong> ca. 232–233 Ma. Large polyhalite grains show two<br />
different growth stages at ca. 225 Ma (core) and ca. 208 Ma (rim), which we interpret to date<br />
two stages <strong>of</strong> fluid migration through the host anhydrite. Polyhalite from a mylonitic polyhalite<br />
rock gave a staircase pattern <strong>with</strong> an age at ca. 113 Ma (Cretaceous ductile shear) and an age<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ar loss at ca. 44 Ma consistent <strong>with</strong> regional tectonic events.<br />
38-8 15:15 Meinhold, Guido<br />
PROVENANCE STUDIES IN THE MURZUQ BASIN OF SOUTHERN LIBYA<br />
MEINHOLD, Guido1 , MORTON, Andrew C. 2 , FANNING, C. Mark3 , FREI, Dirk4 , HOWARD,<br />
James P. 5 , PHILLIPS, Richard J. 6 , STROGEN, Dominic7 , ABUTARRUMA, Yousef8 , and<br />
WHITHAM, Andrew G. 5 , (1) CASP, University <strong>of</strong> Cambridge, 181a Huntingdon Road,<br />
CB3 0DH Cambridge, United Kingdom, New address: Geoscience Center, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, Goettingen, 37077, Germany, guido.meinhold@geo.unigoettingen.de,<br />
(2) HM Research Associates, 2 Clive Road, Balsall Common, Coventry,<br />
CV7 7DW, United Kingdom, (3) Research School <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, Australian National<br />
University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, (4) Central Analytical Facility & Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa,<br />
(5) CASP, University <strong>of</strong> Cambridge, 181a Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DH, United<br />
Kingdom, (6) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geophysics and Tectonics, University <strong>of</strong> Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LT,<br />
United Kingdom, (7) GNS Science, P.O. Box 30368, Lower Hutt, 5010, New Zealand,<br />
(8) Earth Science <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> Libya, Tripoli, Libya<br />
The geodynamic history <strong>of</strong> the Saharan Metacraton as well as the age and provenance <strong>of</strong><br />
its sedimentary cover sequence are still poorly constrained. Here we present the results<br />
<strong>of</strong> an integrated heavy mineral and mineral chemical study <strong>of</strong> Precambrian–Mesozoic<br />
clastic sediments from the eastern Murzuq Basin <strong>of</strong> southern Libya. In addition, first<br />
detrital zircon U–Pb ages (obtained by LA-SF-ICP-MS and SHRIMP-RG) from Palaeozoic<br />
and Mesozoic quartz-rich sandstones are discussed. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to<br />
constrain the provenance <strong>of</strong> sediment and to further assess the value <strong>of</strong> heavy minerals as<br />
a stratigraphic tool. Conventional heavy mineral analysis was carried out on 64 samples,<br />
tourmaline geochemical analysis on 25 samples, garnet geochemical analysis on 4 samples,<br />
rutile geochemical analysis on 21 samples, and clinopyroxene geochemical analysis on 2<br />
samples. The study indicates that heavy mineral analysis is a valuable tool for understanding<br />
the provenance <strong>of</strong> Palaeozoic and Mesozoic clastic sediments in Libya, despite the intense<br />
weathering that surface samples have undergone. Based on heavy mineral ratios and mineral<br />
chemical data, there appears to be three key events when the provenance signature changed<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic sedimentary succession at the eastern Murzuq Basin: at<br />
the base <strong>of</strong> the Tanezzuft Formation (early Silurian), at the base <strong>of</strong> the Tadrart Formation<br />
(Devonian), and at the base <strong>of</strong> the Mrar Formation (Carboniferous), subdividing the succession<br />
into four intervals (Hasawnah–Mamuniyat, Tanezzuft–Akakus, Tadrart–Awaynat Wanin, and<br />
Mrar–Nubian). Comparing data <strong>of</strong> the present study <strong>with</strong> results from the previous work in the<br />
Kufra Basin, it is evident that heavy mineral data provide useful evidence for differences in<br />
provenance both regionally and stratigraphically in basins <strong>of</strong> the central Sahara.<br />
38-9 15:30 Eckelmann, Katja<br />
DETRITAL ZIRCON AGES OF DEVONIAN AND EARLY CARBONIFEROUS SEDIMENTS IN<br />
THE SOUTHEASTERN RHEINISCHES SCHIEFERGEBIRGE (RHENO-HERCYNIAN ZONE,<br />
CENTRAL EUROPEAN VARISCIDES) – A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH AND PLATE<br />
TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS<br />
ECKELMANN, Katja1 , KÖNIGSHOF, Peter2 , LINNEMANN, Ulf1 , HOFMANN,<br />
Mandy1 , NESBOR, Heinz-Dieter3 , LANGE, Jan-Michael1 , and SAGAWE,<br />
Anja1 , (1) Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für<br />
Mineralogie und Geologie, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, Dresden, 01109,<br />
Germany, katja.eckelmann@senckenberg.de, (2) Senckenberg Naturmuseen und<br />
Forschungsinstitute, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany, (3) Hessisches<br />
Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie, Dez. G4 Rohst<strong>of</strong>fgeologie, Rheingaustraße 190-196,<br />
Wiesbaden, 65203, Germany<br />
The Rhenohercynian fold-and-thrust belt is one <strong>of</strong> the structural units <strong>of</strong> the European<br />
Variscides which have been interpreted by a number <strong>of</strong> studies as a collage <strong>of</strong> major and minor<br />
plates. These plates were successively accreted during Early Devonian to Late Carboniferous<br />
times and finally led to the beginning amalgamation <strong>of</strong> the supercontinent Pangaea. The<br />
Rheinisches Schiefergebirge as a part <strong>of</strong> the Rhenohercynian belt is a classical region <strong>of</strong><br />
Devonian research providing a dense database <strong>of</strong> several thousands <strong>of</strong> papers published<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the last 150 years on structural/tectonic development, palaeogeography, stratigraphy and<br />
facies. In the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge east <strong>of</strong> the river Rhine, several parautochthonous<br />
units occur, the latter already recognized by Kossmat (1927) who proposed the nappe<br />
tectonic concept for the Rhenohercynian for the first time. In terms <strong>of</strong> structural geology the<br />
southeastern part <strong>of</strong> the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge can be subdivided in the Lahn syncline<br />
(parautochthon) and the Dill syncline which are separated by the Hörre zone (allochthonous).<br />
Further to the southeast other allochthonous units occur, such as the Frankenbach imbrication<br />
zone and the Giessen nappe.<br />
The cluster <strong>of</strong> U-Pb ages <strong>of</strong> detrital zircon grains point to a provenance <strong>of</strong> the debris from<br />
the Saxo-Thuringian zone or rock complexes <strong>of</strong> the Mid-German Crystalline zone for the<br />
allochthonous units. The zircon populations derived from the Saxo-Thuringian Zone are<br />
representative for a Gondwanan hinterland. In contrast, a Lower Devonian sandstone sample<br />
from the parauthochtonous Dill syncline shows a provenance, which is representative for<br />
Laurussia. The debris <strong>of</strong> this area seems to be derived from Baltica and Avalonia.<br />
The aim <strong>of</strong> our talk is to present U-Pb LA-SF-ICP-MS ages <strong>of</strong> detrital zircons derived from<br />
Devonian and Lower Carboniferous siliciclastic sediments <strong>of</strong> autochthonous and allochthonous<br />
units <strong>of</strong> the southeastern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge <strong>with</strong>in the context <strong>of</strong> comprehensive<br />
stratigraphical and geochemical data, sedimentary and tectonic implications. Based on a multidisciplinary<br />
approach a modified plate tectonic concept will be presented.<br />
Kossmat, F., 1927. Gliederung des varistischen Gebirgsbaus. Abhandlungen Sächsisches<br />
Geologisches Landesamt 1, 1-39.<br />
38-10 15:45 Jähne, Fabian<br />
STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE GERMAN CENTRAL GRABEN<br />
JÄHNE, Fabian1 , ARFAI, Jashar1 , LUTZ, Rüdiger1 , and KUHLMANN, Gesa2 , (1) Federal<br />
Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655,<br />
Germany, Fabian.Jaehne@bgr.de, (2) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural<br />
Resources, Branch <strong>of</strong>fice Berlin, Wilhelmstr. 25-30, Berlin, 13593, Germany<br />
In former studies <strong>of</strong> the German North Sea sector (Baldschuhn et al., 2001) the northwestern<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the German North Sea sector, the so called „Entenschnabel“ is missing. Therefore a<br />
detailed structural model <strong>of</strong> the area is developed <strong>with</strong>in the framework <strong>of</strong> the GPDN-Project<br />
(Geopotenzial Deutsche Nordsee). The model is based on detailed interpretation <strong>of</strong> seismic<br />
and well data. The focus <strong>of</strong> the presented work is on the structural and kinematic evolution from<br />
Munich, Germany A57<br />
Wednesday
SESSION NO. 38<br />
the Rotliegend to the Paleogene in the “Entenschnabel” and surrounding areas. In addition<br />
to fault interpretation and structural analyses our studies include the investigation <strong>of</strong> salt<br />
structures, their evolution and interaction <strong>with</strong> the predominant fault-pattern.<br />
In the Entenschnabel area, the Central Graben is the dominating structural element. First<br />
extensional pulses took place in the Lower Triassic followed by several phases <strong>of</strong> rifting from<br />
the Middle to Late Triassic. During the Jurassic the main extensional phase took place in<br />
combination <strong>with</strong> extensive diapirism. In the major grabens further to the east (Horn Graben,<br />
Glückstadt Graben), a Jurassic extensional event is absent or less evident. Due to this<br />
differences in evolution history most <strong>of</strong> the Upper Jurassic sediments are preserved inside the<br />
Central Graben. Analyses <strong>of</strong> rim-synclines reveal that most <strong>of</strong> the salt structures inside the<br />
Central Graben had a main phase <strong>of</strong> growth during the Late Jurassic while the salt structures<br />
situated toward the southeast had their main phase <strong>of</strong> growth during the Triassic.<br />
Another difference <strong>of</strong> the German Central Graben compared to the rest <strong>of</strong> the German<br />
North Sea is a structural inversion during the Late Cretaceous. Most <strong>of</strong> these Late Cretaceous<br />
inversion structures along the Central Graben indicate an approximate E-W component <strong>of</strong><br />
contraction which is nearly perpendicular to the regional trend <strong>of</strong> contraction along the Central<br />
European Basin System in a NE-SW to NNE-SSW direction during this time.<br />
Baldschuhn, R., et al. (2001). Geotektonischer Atlas von Nordwestdeutschland und dem<br />
deutschen Nordsee-Sektor - Strukturen, Strukturentwicklung, Paläogeographie. Geologisches<br />
Jahrbuch, A 153: 3-95.<br />
SESSION NO. 39, 11:00<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
T6A. Earth Sciences for <strong>Society</strong>, Education in Earth<br />
Sciences and Geoheritage II (GSA Geoscience<br />
Education Division, GSA International Section)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 014<br />
39-1 11:05 Huch, Monika<br />
TEACHING GEOSCIENCES<br />
HUCH, Monika, LEHMANN, Rainer, and HEMMER, Ingrid, Lindenring 6, Adelheidsdorf,<br />
29352, Germany, mfgeo@t-online.de<br />
In Germany geosciences, <strong>with</strong> the subdisciplines geology, geomorphology, soil sciences and<br />
climatology, are not a full part <strong>of</strong> the curriculae in schools. Geoscientific topics are mainly<br />
lectured in geography and in natural sciences, but not all relevant themes are covered <strong>with</strong>in<br />
the teaching units. Important societal problems are connected to climate change, natural<br />
hazards or the availability <strong>of</strong> resources. To teach scholars in a modern and sustainable way in<br />
this important fields teachers must get chances to fill this gab by individual activities.<br />
To provide teachers geoscientific knowledge by scientists we organized a workshop to<br />
give both groups room for meeting and exchange. Since the workshop will be held at the<br />
GeoMunich2011 just shortly before this session results are open and will be presented<br />
thereafter.<br />
39-2 11:20 Goodell, Laurel P.<br />
PREPARING GRADUATE STUDENTS TO BE EFFECTIVE TEACHERS<br />
GOODELL, Laurel P., Department <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ<br />
08544, laurel@princeton.edu<br />
As a comprehensive university, Princeton aspires to excellence in both scholarship and<br />
teaching. Although faculty members deliver lectures and conduct seminars, graduate student<br />
Assistants in Instruction (AIs) typically teach the laboratory portions <strong>of</strong> undergraduate courses.<br />
There are challenges in preparing graduate students to be excellent instructors: 1) effective<br />
teaching is not necessarily an instinctive skill, and needs to be developed and nurtured;<br />
2) teaching, and working on improving teaching, is not always a high priority for AIs; 3) AIs may<br />
have language or cultural issues that inhibit interactions <strong>with</strong> undergraduates; and 4) AIs may<br />
be inexperienced in the curricula <strong>of</strong> the courses they are assigned to teach.<br />
To meet these challenges, Princeton <strong>of</strong>fers a range <strong>of</strong> programs and resources. The<br />
University’s McGraw Center for Teaching and Learning (http://www.princeton.edu/mcgraw/<br />
about/) <strong>of</strong>fers orientation programs for novice AIs, pedagogical workshops, instructional<br />
consultations and classroom visits, a Teaching Transcript Program, and a library <strong>of</strong> online<br />
resources for teaching and academic work.<br />
AIs in the Geosciences Department are mostly supervised by the department’s laboratory<br />
managers, who hold workshops on the role <strong>of</strong> labs in the Geosciences curriculum. These<br />
sessions cover responsibilities and expectations for AIs, and demonstrate inquiry-based<br />
instruction. During the semester, the laboratory managers run weekly course-specific meetings<br />
to review the previous week’s lab, to review grading standards and student concerns, and to go<br />
over the lab for the upcoming week. The latter activity is most effective when the lab is taught<br />
to the AIs as if they were students in the lab session itself. AIs are also observed and given<br />
feedback on their teaching. Finally, the Geosciences Department issues annual awards that<br />
recognize excellence in graduate student teaching.<br />
Twenty years ago, there were practically no preparation activities or resources for graduate<br />
student AIs. Since then, preparing graduate students to be effective teachers has received<br />
increasing attention, <strong>with</strong> teaching seen not only as a condition <strong>of</strong> financial support for graduate<br />
students, but as a vital component <strong>of</strong> their pr<strong>of</strong>essional development and <strong>of</strong> the overall teaching<br />
mission <strong>of</strong> the University.<br />
39-3 11:50 Rubin, Jeffrey N.<br />
FIELD GEOLOGY AND SAFETY ARE NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE<br />
RUBIN, Jeffrey N., Tualatin Valley Fire & Rescue, 20665 SW Blanton St, Aloha, OR 97007,<br />
jeff.rubin@tvfr.com<br />
Progress in geological sciences depends on the ability <strong>of</strong> current and future practitioners<br />
to teach, learn, and perform research in remote environments, but few laws, standards, or<br />
even policies exist to provide safety guidelines for academic field trips, field classes, or field<br />
research in remote areas. As <strong>with</strong> lab safety, a systems approach is preferable, incorporating<br />
behavior and equipment. A comprehensive policy should include driving, awareness and<br />
planning, communications, equipment, training, and staffing for field trips and classes.<br />
Risks - and casualties - associated <strong>with</strong> driving are far greater than those associated <strong>with</strong><br />
most laboratory research. Institutional driving policies should be extended to cover trips to,<br />
from, and in remote areas. Driving policies should include driver qualifications, number <strong>of</strong><br />
drivers per vehicle, driver rest and rotation, and “no-drive” times. Effective risk assessment<br />
begins <strong>with</strong> hazard awareness and pre-trip planning, and should include physical, political,<br />
medical, and social hazards. Advances in telecommunication technology reduce the likelihood<br />
that participants will be isolated in event <strong>of</strong> emergency, and enhance speed and location<br />
<strong>of</strong> emergency response: groups should not be in remote areas <strong>with</strong>out some means <strong>of</strong><br />
A58 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
emergency electronic communication. Although proper equipment varies <strong>with</strong> location, time <strong>of</strong><br />
year, and planned trip duration, basic emergency supplies, such as first aid kits, tire-changing<br />
tools, potable water, and shelter should always be included. Appropriate training includes use<br />
and basic maintenance <strong>of</strong> emergency equipment, wilderness first aid, crisis management, and<br />
prevention. Equipment and training can be tailored to the needs <strong>of</strong> the end-users. Solitary field<br />
research should be discouraged, and field trips and classes should have adequate staffing to<br />
prevent and manage emergencies. Objective risk-benefit analysis is essential: decisions on<br />
field activities, as well as policies and procedures, must be based on objective analysis rather<br />
than convenience.<br />
39-4 12:10 Kestler, Franz<br />
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF GEOGRAPHICAL FIELD TRIPS - METHODOLOGY AND<br />
RESULTS FOR THE EVALUATION OF FIELD SITES<br />
KESTLER, Franz, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Geography, University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Luisenstrasse 37,<br />
Muenchen 80333 Germany, franz.kestler@geographie.uni-muenchen.de<br />
A wealth <strong>of</strong> normative contributions to the didactics <strong>of</strong> field trips exists. Empirical testings are<br />
found on the basis <strong>of</strong> single field trip groups only occasionally.<br />
For the results <strong>of</strong> the explanations on hand a one-day field trip was carried out ten times for<br />
glacial morphology under similar framework conditions in the Bavarian foothills <strong>of</strong> the Alps.<br />
Participants were groups <strong>with</strong> 11 grade class <strong>of</strong> Gymnasium, groups <strong>of</strong> university students <strong>of</strong><br />
geography and adult groups.<br />
Only the methodology and the results <strong>of</strong> the assessment <strong>of</strong> the field sites are mentioned<br />
here.<br />
The evaluation <strong>of</strong> the field sites was made by all 159 participants in writing for the quantitative<br />
analysis <strong>with</strong> the help <strong>of</strong> a questionnaire. In addition, a qualitative individual interview <strong>of</strong> four<br />
experimentees was carried out. The Repetory-Grid technology derived from from the theory <strong>of</strong><br />
the personal constructs was applied.<br />
The quantitative analysis has shown that significant object-independent valuation variances<br />
at the field sites can be exclusively explained by different interest. Influence sizes like sex,<br />
weather or order <strong>of</strong> the field sites do not have a significant effect on the assessment <strong>of</strong> the field<br />
sites. The same ranking was given by groups <strong>of</strong> different interests in the evaluation <strong>of</strong> field sites.<br />
The quantitative analysis showed that it is not required to demand catalogues <strong>of</strong> control<br />
criterions for every single field site. As a rule, it is sufficient if one or, at the most, two <strong>of</strong> the<br />
three control criterions “conciseness”, “fieldwork opportunities” or “aesthetic stimulus” are very<br />
distinctive. The qualitative analysis by means <strong>of</strong> Repetory-Grid technology confirmed these<br />
results and furthermore produced broader relevant judgement dimensions such as “rarity value”<br />
or “realworld relevance” <strong>of</strong> a field site.<br />
39-5 12:25 Künkel, H.<br />
MODERN METHODS OF TRANSFERRING GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH TO THE PUBLIC<br />
WHAT IS POSSIBLE, WHAT MAKES SENSE? SOCIAL MEDIA AND HD-FILMING IN EARTH<br />
SCIENCE FACEBOOK, YOUTUBE AND CO<br />
KÜNKEL, H., Dept. <strong>of</strong> High Mountain Geomorphology and Geography, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 5, Göttingen 37077 Germany, hkuenke@gwdg.de<br />
Social media networks are the fastest growing social phenomena in the world. The facebook<br />
network alone has more than 600.000.000 million users. Social media are not only a<br />
teenage-peer-group or leisure time thing but a borderless publication, communication and<br />
marketing tool.<br />
There is no reason for the Science Community not to use the abilities <strong>of</strong> social media.<br />
Knowledge transmitting and online presentation <strong>of</strong> research topics via social media channels<br />
does not only allow reaching far more people than any other traditional publications, it is also<br />
free tool.<br />
The presentation will show how multimedia - especially social media and facebook - can be<br />
integrated into geological and physical geographical research-programmes and environmental<br />
education. Different concepts and possibilities <strong>of</strong> media usage for Geoscience will be presented<br />
alongside stunning insights into the authors own research-media-projects in the Himalayas.<br />
During a three-month research expedition to some <strong>of</strong> the remotest areas <strong>of</strong> the Nepal<br />
Himalaya, the author tried out filming and media marketing for promoting his research content.<br />
The background <strong>of</strong> the idea was to present the abstract results <strong>of</strong> the research to a broad<br />
public in an interdisciplinary, comprehensible way using film, social media and print.<br />
For Geoscientist working in consulting or educational positions it is important to minimize<br />
the “transfer-time” between the empirical data capture, the scientist’s interpretations and policy<br />
makers’ decisions. Traceability and linking scientific issues to affected populations as well as<br />
to the decision makers are <strong>of</strong>ten difficult. The presentation will show how scientific multimedia<br />
usage in this respect can facilitate that issue and increase the acceptance <strong>of</strong> scientific<br />
information and advice.<br />
Requests from economy, NGOs and other scientists led to the establishing <strong>of</strong> the authors<br />
own freelance mountain and science media consulting-label “HK Mountain Projects”<br />
in 2010. Besides he is working on a physical geographical PhD-thesis on the topic <strong>of</strong><br />
“Geomorphological Constraints <strong>of</strong> the Setting <strong>of</strong> Traditional Mountain Routes in the Nepal<br />
Himalaya” at Georg August University Göttingen.<br />
39-6 12:40 Lehrberger, Gerhard<br />
WEB MAPS, SMARTPHONES, EBOOKS AND QR CODES: NEW WAYS TO SITES OF<br />
GEOLOGICAL INTEREST<br />
LEHRBERGER, Gerhard1 , MENSCHIK, Florian2 , and BEER, Silvia2 , (1) Technische<br />
Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie, Arcisstraße 21, München, 80333,<br />
Germany, lehrberger@tum.de, (2) Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für<br />
Ingenieurgeologie, Arcisstrasse 21, München, 80333, Germany<br />
High performance and low cost internet access, as well as high quality GPS technology and<br />
the everyday life usage <strong>of</strong> GPS devices, smartphones, tablet computers and e-books allow to<br />
provide geological information easier and faster than by printed media.<br />
The acceptance <strong>of</strong> electronic “excursion guide books” is strongly depending on format,<br />
weight and handling <strong>of</strong> the devices. The second important factor is the compatibility <strong>of</strong> data<br />
exchange formats. One <strong>of</strong> the so far most popular exchange format is that <strong>of</strong> the gpx-files<br />
(global positioning system exchange format). But also other platforms such as Google Maps<br />
or Points <strong>of</strong> Interest (POI) for navigation devices can be used. Quick response (QR) codes are<br />
applied to post information on sites. A way <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fline presentation <strong>of</strong> geological information on<br />
site is by e-book readers, which can display texts and multimedia data from pdf- or epub-files.<br />
The latter can be produced by special e-book editors, which convert html or pdf files. Positive<br />
experience exists for the free SIGIL s<strong>of</strong>tware.<br />
Websites like “geocaching.com” <strong>of</strong>fer so called “geocaches” and “earthcaches”. These<br />
“caches” combine geographic coordinates <strong>with</strong> information about the location. Earthcaches are<br />
a special type <strong>of</strong> “cache”, which leads to geological sights.<br />
Simple web based applications can be used online or as a download package to publish selfdeveloped<br />
tours and points <strong>of</strong> interest including multimedia data such as graphics and audio<br />
files. Online navigation is possible in combination <strong>with</strong> own maps self-created in Google Maps.<br />
Our own development are the so called “stonecaches” in the field <strong>of</strong> cultural geology. They<br />
combine dimension stone topics <strong>with</strong> sight-seeing tours. “Stonecaches” can be obtained from
our website. The downloaded data are compatible <strong>with</strong> many standard GPS receiver or <strong>with</strong><br />
Google Earth.<br />
The new technical possibilities can be applied for the planning and conduction <strong>of</strong> geological<br />
field courses and excursions, too.<br />
Link to Earthcaches: http://www.earthcache.org<br />
Link to TUM-stonecaches: http://www.geo.tum.de/stonecache<br />
Link to SIGIL: http://code.google.com/p/sigil/<br />
39-7 14:00 Mügge-Bartolovic, Vera<br />
GRAPHICS AND LANGUAGE: BRIDGES FOR TRANSFERRING GEOSCIENCE TO THE<br />
PUBLIC<br />
MÜGGE-BARTOLOVIC, Vera, Geologischer Dienst NRW, De Greiff-Strasse 195, Krefeld,<br />
47803, Germany, vera.muegge@gd.nrw.de, HEMMER, Ingrid, and KRUHL, Jörn,<br />
Tectonics and Material Fabrics Section, Technical University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Arcisstr. 21,<br />
Munich, 80333, Germany<br />
Geoscience is transferred to the public mainly by graphics and language. However, sciencerelated<br />
graphics and language are only weakly connected to graphics <strong>of</strong> daily life and common<br />
speech, and represent barriers rather than bridges. Scientific information can only reach<br />
laymen if it is presented on laymen’s level - not on the level <strong>of</strong> experts. Laymen’s viewpoints and<br />
questions are not the viewpoints and questions <strong>of</strong> experts! In addition, transfer <strong>of</strong> geoscience<br />
to the public becomes even more difficult because scientific ways <strong>of</strong> thinking and types <strong>of</strong><br />
perception may differ radically from those <strong>of</strong> normal life and are accordantly incomprehensible<br />
for normal persons.<br />
If geoscience intends to reach the public comprehensively and effectively, subject and<br />
design <strong>of</strong> the messages have to be attuned to laymen. Far beyond the nevertheless important<br />
application <strong>of</strong> rules <strong>of</strong> good design, graphic representations have to be characterized by<br />
simplicity and clarity. They necessitate a compromise between pictogram-like simplifications<br />
and presentations close to reality, which concentrate on the essential aspects <strong>of</strong> geoscientific<br />
structures or processes. Important and typical forms <strong>of</strong> geoscientific representation, such as<br />
geological maps, diagrams or stratigraphic tables, are hardly understandable for laymen. They<br />
need to be fashioned intelligibly to all or changed to completely new forms <strong>of</strong> presentation.<br />
Above all, they should not be overloaded scientifically and should concentrate on one message<br />
or few messages. Reduced information is received in a much better way! The same is true for<br />
language. It should be pictorially simple. Simplifications <strong>of</strong> special terms and their avoidance<br />
to the greatest possible extent, painful for experts, make sure that scientific messages safely<br />
arrive at the layperson. Last but not least, graphical and linguistic representations have to be on<br />
the same level and should be harmonized.<br />
In our contribution, based on examples from different areas <strong>of</strong> geoscience, we outline<br />
general possibilities <strong>of</strong> graphical and linguistic scientific presentations and approaches <strong>of</strong><br />
systematization.<br />
39-8 14:15 de Mulder, Eduardo<br />
GEOPARKS AND THE PLANET EARTH INSTITUTE (PEI) - A NEW PLATFORM TO<br />
PROMOTE EARTH SCIENCES IN SOCIETY IN THE FOLLOW-ON OF THE IYPE<br />
EDER, Wolfgang, Munich, 82166, Germany and DE MULDER, Eduardo, Haarlem,<br />
1111, Netherlands, e.demulder@planet.nl<br />
The “International Year <strong>of</strong> Planet Earth” (IYPE) has been particularly successful through its<br />
outreach and education programmes during its time span from 2007 to 2010. Numerous<br />
activities in the many countries <strong>with</strong> IYPE National Committees were monitored and registered<br />
under the (German) “Planet Earth”-logo including those aiming at the promotion and/or<br />
development <strong>of</strong> ‘Geoparks’, ‘Geotopes’ and ‘Geoheritage’.<br />
The objectives <strong>of</strong> the Foundation are: (a) to further increase the visibility <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences<br />
by communicating <strong>with</strong> the general public the added value <strong>of</strong> Earth science information for<br />
society and the well-being <strong>of</strong> future generations; (b) to promote solutions based on science for<br />
problems Planet Earth faces; (c) to do all that which is connected <strong>with</strong> or may be conducive to<br />
the above objects, in the broadest sense <strong>of</strong> the word used.<br />
The Planet Earth Institute (PEI) builds on the legacy <strong>of</strong> the IYPE that was created by<br />
the ‘International Union <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences’ (IUGS) and UNESCO in order to promote<br />
sustainable development and the application <strong>of</strong> the Earth sciences in society.<br />
This (mainly virtual) Foundation/Institute has been given as subtitle ‘Promoting knowledge<br />
for a better Planet’. Implementation will be realized along three channels: (a) through a wide<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> outreach activities (including activities related to sustainable marketing <strong>of</strong> ‘Geotopes’,<br />
‘Geoparks’, ‘Geotrails’ or ‘Geoheritage’), (b) through establishing National and Regional<br />
Committees and (c) through setting up joint ventures <strong>with</strong> scientific national and international<br />
organizations, as well as (private) enterprise. Activities may include national and international<br />
relevant geo-projects, cooperating <strong>with</strong> the EGN and GGN <strong>with</strong> respect to the promotion <strong>of</strong><br />
‘Geoheritage’ through ‘Geoparks’, creation <strong>of</strong> Regional Centers, exposure through big screens<br />
in city centers, other training or capacity development activities, as well as cultural and artistic<br />
expressions or co-marketing projects.<br />
39-9 14:30 Loth, Georg<br />
“BAVARIA’S MOST BEAUTIFUL GEOSITES” IN FOCUS OF GEOCACHING ACTIVITIES<br />
LOTH, Georg, Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Dienststelle H<strong>of</strong>, Hans-Högn-Straße<br />
12, H<strong>of</strong>/Saale, 95030, Germany, georg.loth@lfu.bayern.de and LEHRBERGER, Gerhard,<br />
Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie, Arcisstraße 21,<br />
München, 80333, Germany<br />
In 1985, the former <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Bavaria (now part <strong>of</strong> the Bavarian Environment<br />
Agency, LfU) provided the basis for the conservation <strong>of</strong> geosites by establishing the “Geosite<br />
Register <strong>of</strong> Bavaria”. Under the motto “Experience Geology”, the Environment Agency has<br />
selected “100 Bavaria’s most beautiful geosites” in order to raise public awareness for the<br />
conservation <strong>of</strong> geoheritage.<br />
Essential information on geosites is provided online (www.geologie.bayern.de, >> Geologie<br />
erleben, >> Bayerns schönste Geotope), in flyers and by uniformly designed information<br />
boards on site. By mid September 2011, the last <strong>of</strong> the 100 most beautiful geosites in Bavaria<br />
will be inaugurated. The program’s acceptance is beyond expectation regarding the increasing<br />
popularity <strong>of</strong> geosites and geosite protection in Bavaria. However, only little information does<br />
exist about the quantification <strong>of</strong> geotouristic aspects.<br />
When the project started in 2001, activities such as geocaching (a GPS-based outdoor<br />
activity, like “paper chase”) were not known, but nowadays, they additionally enhance the<br />
geosites’ popularity. Worldwide “geocaches” can be found using the internet-address www.<br />
geocaching.com. A specific type are “earthcaches“, which are listed on the site www.<br />
earthcache.org. The <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>America</strong> (GSA) guarantees, that only sites and<br />
information are registered, which are <strong>of</strong> geoscientific interest. People visiting the earthcaches<br />
(geosites) have to answer sucessfully specific questions and then are allowed to log the cache<br />
and give comments to the site.<br />
The advanced regional search on www.earthcache.org (e.g. after Germany, Bavaria) enables<br />
to determine statistical figures about the amount <strong>of</strong> people visiting the sites and to view their<br />
comments. Preliminary results regarding “Bavaria’s most beautiful geosites” are interesting:<br />
SESSION NO. 39<br />
In Bavaria 316 earthcaches have been listed by mid <strong>of</strong> March 2011. 86 (27%) <strong>of</strong> these<br />
belong to “Bavaria’s most beautiful geosites”. These are 93%, as so far 92 <strong>of</strong> these geosites<br />
have been published by LfU. The 86 geosites have been visited and logged by 9444 persons.<br />
39-10 14:45 Frey, Marie-Luise<br />
EARTH SCIENCE COMMUNICATION BY SUSTAINABLE VISITOR MANAGEMENT AT<br />
UNESCO-WORLD HERITAGE SITE MESSEL PIT AND NEW VISITOR CENTRE<br />
FREY, Marie-Luise, Welterbe Grube Messel gGmbH, Roßdörferstr. 108, Messel 64409<br />
Germany, frey@welterbe-grube-messel.de<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> phenomena and processes: the fascination on earth sciences in our society is<br />
blooming. This is based on recognizing geotopes in our landscapes and on a demand for<br />
sustainable earth education on landscape’s formation as residents have noticed the value <strong>of</strong><br />
earth for our modern life quality. This demands pr<strong>of</strong>essional behaviour together <strong>with</strong> the tourism<br />
sector for “tourism products”. It means to link up geological heritage, geotopes, service quality<br />
and exciting experiences combined to relax and have a good day <strong>of</strong>f <strong>with</strong>in a premium tourism<br />
<strong>of</strong>fer at a location <strong>of</strong> unique outstanding value and image <strong>with</strong> UNESCO label.<br />
How to generate it at this UNESCO-World Heritage site? Will a high quality level <strong>of</strong> education<br />
parallel too increasing numbers <strong>of</strong> visitors be possible? Can sustainable earth education and<br />
geotourism together work <strong>with</strong> the geoparks philosophy created in the year 2000 work?<br />
The author presents a management model on today visitor’s demands linked up <strong>with</strong> basic<br />
education, administration and service quality generating also economic benefit. Data from 7<br />
years development at the World Heritage Site Messel Pit have way marked the strategy which<br />
can be followed for a site <strong>with</strong> an infrastructure now <strong>with</strong> its new visitor centre to develop a<br />
successful visitor management <strong>with</strong> economic benefit.<br />
Frey, M.-L. (1996): Anforderungen, Grundlagen und Methoden für eine geowissenschaftliche<br />
Umweltbildung. Zbl. Geol. Pal. Teil 1 Heft 7/8, Januar 1995. pp. 703-712<br />
Frey, M.-L. (2001). Geopark Vulkaneifel: Geo-potential, touristic valorization and sustainable<br />
development. 2nd European Geoparks Network Meeting: Sigri-Lesvos, Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Intern. Symposium on geological heritage protection and local development, 3- October,<br />
Greece, pp29-44.<br />
Frey, M.-L., Schäfer, K., Büchel, G. & M. Patzak (2006). Geoparks – a regional european and<br />
global policy. Eds. Dowling, R. & D. Newsome. Geotourism. Pp. 95-117. Elsevier, Amsterdam,<br />
Boston, Tokyo. 260 p.<br />
39-11 15:00 Pösges, Gisela<br />
DER NATIONALE GEOPARK RIES<br />
PÖSGES, Gisela, Rieskrater-Museum, Hintere Gerbergasse 3, Nördlingen 86720<br />
Germany, ibbarfeld@t-online.de<br />
Das Nördlinger Ries wurde vor ca. 15 Millionen durch den Einschlag eines Asteroiden erzeugt<br />
und stellt die Typlokalität für das wichtigste Impaktgestein, den Suevit, dar. Des Weiteren wurde<br />
im Nördlinger Ries zum ersten Mal das Prinzip der progressiven Stoßwellenmetamorphose<br />
(Stöffler, 1972) erkannt. Der Rieskrater gilt als einer der besterhaltenen und -erforschten<br />
Impaktkrater der Erde.<br />
Seit 2005 ist das Nördlinger Ries als Deutscher Nationaler Geopark zertifiziert. Die<br />
Gebietskulisse des Geopark Ries umfasst den Rieskrater und orientiert sich auch an seinen<br />
proximalen Auswurfmassen. Der Geopark Ries weist eine Fläche von 1800 qkm auf.<br />
Der Geopark Ries wird vom Landratsamt in Donauwörth verwaltet und besitzt 5<br />
Expertenteams, die auf ehrenamtlicher Basis arbeiten.<br />
Vom Nationalen Geopark Ries wurden zwischenzeitlich 20 Geoparkführer ausgebildet, die<br />
42 verschiedene Geoparkführungen anbieten. Der Bogen der angebotenen Führungen spannt<br />
sich von der Geologie über die Archäologie bis zur Landschaftsentwicklung. Zudem werden<br />
spezielle Führungen für Familien und Jugendgruppen angeboten. Die Angebotspalette ist in<br />
Form einer Broschüre erhältlich.<br />
Bisher wurden 3 Geoparkinformationszentren (Nördlingen, Treuchtlingen und Oettingen)<br />
und 2 Geoparkinformationsstellen eingerichtet. In diesen Einrichtungen erhält der Geoparkbesucher<br />
anhand von Schautafeln, Exponaten und Broschüren Informationen über den<br />
Geopark Ries und seine Angebote.<br />
Seit 2005 wurden 3 Geopark-Wanderwege und ein Radwanderweg, der den Geopark Ries<br />
mit dem Impaktkrater Steinheimer Becken verbindet, installiert.<br />
Die Tafeln der Wanderwege sind grundsätzlich so gestaltet, dass sie mit einer Zeitleiste am<br />
unteren Tafelrand und einer Sequenz zur Entstehung des Rieskraters am rechten Tafelrand<br />
ausgestattet sind. Der verbleibende Raum widmet sich der jeweiligen Thematik des Weges.<br />
Begleitend sind Broschüren über die Geoparkwanderwege erhältlich.<br />
Im Juni 2011 war der Nationale Geopark Ries Gastgeber der 15. internationalen<br />
Jahrestagung der Fachsektion Geotop in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften<br />
mit den Themen Geotourismus – Status und Trends sowie Geotopentwicklung – Zielkonflikte<br />
und Lösungen.<br />
39-12 15:15 Schneider, Simon<br />
COMMUNICATING EARTH SCIENCES - HOW TO PLAN A ROVING EXHIBITION<br />
SCHNEIDER, Simon and MUENCH, Ute, Geotechnologien, co-ordination Office,<br />
Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, schneider@geotechnologien.de<br />
The elements <strong>of</strong> a successful exhibition, milestones in the exhibition planning process as well<br />
as ideas and recommendations to make your exhibition even more exciting, will be discussed.<br />
Best practice examples from ten years <strong>of</strong> experience <strong>with</strong> Earth sciences exhibitions will<br />
provide useful information for your exhibition project.<br />
Over the last years, institutions and organizations became more and more aware that<br />
communicating Earth Sciences is vitally important <strong>with</strong>in the competition for financial support.<br />
Furthermore, Earth sciences will have to take over the leading role in global sustainable policy.<br />
Efforts to raise attention <strong>with</strong>in the politically responsible community as well as in the public are<br />
getting more and more support by executive and advisory boards all over the world. But how<br />
to get in touch <strong>with</strong> the audience? The communication toolbox <strong>of</strong>fers various methods to reach<br />
diverse audiences. The R&D programme GEOTECHNOLOGIEN conducts roving exhibitions<br />
as one <strong>of</strong> it’s most successful communication tools. With roving exhibitions we are able to get<br />
in touch <strong>with</strong> different audiences at once. By following the 3M-concept (Meaning - Memorable<br />
- Moving), exhibitions allow to connect the visitors living environment and personal experience<br />
<strong>with</strong> the presented issues and objects. Therefore, hands-on exhibits, exciting multimedia effects<br />
and high-tech artefacts have to be combined <strong>with</strong> interpretive text elements to highlight the<br />
daily significance <strong>of</strong> the scientific topics and the exhibition theme respectively. To create such<br />
an exhibition, strong conceptual planning has to be conducted. This includes the specification<br />
<strong>of</strong> stern financial as well as time wise milestones. In addition, partnering <strong>with</strong> a museum will<br />
become a crucial step on the way to success. Merging scientific backbone <strong>with</strong> experienced<br />
museum pedagogic will help to communicate complex themes in a more prosperous way.<br />
The crucial steps <strong>of</strong> planning an exhibition, <strong>with</strong> a strong focus on small budget projects,<br />
will be highlighted by best practice examples from the previous and ongoing Earth science<br />
exhibitions.<br />
Munich, Germany A59<br />
Wednesday
SESSION NO. 39<br />
39-13 15:30 Zellmer, Henning<br />
GEOPARKS FOR REGULAR TOURISTS – “HOW MANY ROCKS WOULD YOU LIKE?”<br />
ZELLMER, Henning, Geopark Harz, Niedernh<strong>of</strong> 6, Königslutter 38154 Germany,<br />
hzell@web.de<br />
Geoparks are not geological parks. According to the definitions <strong>of</strong> the National, European<br />
and Global Geopark Network, Geoparks must indeed have significant geological features, but<br />
have to implement geographical, biological, archaeological, cultural and historical aspects <strong>of</strong><br />
the designation as a high priority, too. It is even the core <strong>of</strong> the Geopark idea, to link all these<br />
aspects together to a regional network. From a tourist’s point <strong>of</strong> view geological outcrops<br />
that are not spectacular cliffs, waterfalls, volcanoes or dinosaur sites are <strong>of</strong>ten ranking as<br />
particularly hard to place to the average customer. They seem to be at best suited to attract<br />
an inquisitive fringe group. But if these key components <strong>of</strong> the geological tradition would stay<br />
outside, the tourism <strong>of</strong>fers threaten to be random and pale. Here you need a well-prepared<br />
presentation and to attract a better infrastructure <strong>with</strong> integrated, various, uncomplicated and<br />
target group-oriented combination <strong>of</strong>fers <strong>of</strong> wide interest. Thus, geological or geodynamic<br />
contexts might sometimes be better sold through the ‘back door’. Often attractive entry points<br />
make it easier to present the formation and development <strong>of</strong> a landscape; they may be a golden<br />
thread through the Geopark area which allows the combination <strong>of</strong> individual insights in order<br />
to improve the understanding <strong>of</strong> the overall picture. In addition, any outcrop <strong>with</strong> an exciting<br />
story that needs no prior knowledge <strong>of</strong> the history is a proper tool for standard tourism. The<br />
presentation will show examples <strong>of</strong> 10 years practical Geopark experience.<br />
SESSION NO. 40, 11:00<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
T8D. State <strong>of</strong> the Art in <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping at<br />
Research Institutions, the Military, and <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Surveys<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
40-1 11:10 Asch, Kristine<br />
THE 1 : 2 500 000 INTERNATIONAL QUATERNARY MAP OF EUROPE– CHANGE FROM A<br />
PURE PAPER MAP TO A GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM<br />
ASCH, Kristine, Geozentrum Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und<br />
Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe (BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover 30655 Germany, k.asch@bgr.de<br />
Already in 1932 at the 2nd Congress <strong>of</strong> the International Union for Quaternary Research<br />
(INQUA) held in St. Petersburg the idea was discussed to represent the main features <strong>of</strong> the<br />
European Quaternary for the whole <strong>of</strong> Europe. Since then, in cooperation <strong>with</strong> INQUA and<br />
in international scientific collaboration the BGR compiled the International Quaternay Map <strong>of</strong><br />
Europe (IQUAME2500). This paper map was published in 15 map sheets, the last <strong>of</strong> which<br />
was finished in 1995: sheet “Bern”. It is a traditional paper map. The Quaternary is an essential<br />
part <strong>of</strong> geology: it is the uppermost layer <strong>of</strong> the geological subsurface and thus is in strong<br />
demand: it provides Sand and Gravel deposits, groundwater resources, building ground for<br />
houses, streets, landfills, plants and many more. <strong>Geological</strong> maps have always provided for<br />
their users basic knowledge about the distribution <strong>of</strong> natural resources such as ore, water, oil or<br />
building stones. With the advent <strong>of</strong> Information Technology (IT), some factors that constrained<br />
our predecessors 50 -15 years ago no longer exist. Modern computing systems (databases,<br />
Geoinformation systems, the Internet) allow us to store, retrieve, combine and present far more<br />
information and knowledge about an area than we could ever display on a 2-dimensional piece<br />
<strong>of</strong> paper. Thus BGR started to rework and digitize the IQUAME2500 paper map in order to build<br />
a Quaternary <strong>Geological</strong> Information system (GIS) <strong>of</strong> Europe where Quaternary information<br />
can be retrieved, combined and used <strong>with</strong>out any political boundary problems across the<br />
entwire Europe The Quaternary information is planned to be made compatible <strong>with</strong> the already<br />
existing GIS <strong>of</strong> the 1: 5 Million International (pre-Quaternary) <strong>Geological</strong> map <strong>of</strong> Europe<br />
and Adjacent Areas (IGME 5000) so hat the information <strong>of</strong> both layers can be combined,<br />
selected and cross-referenced. It is planned to make the information conformal <strong>with</strong> the data<br />
specifications <strong>of</strong> the European INSPIRE Directive. This presentation presents the GIS-concept<br />
and discusses the challenge to create a conceptual model that combines a huge amount <strong>of</strong><br />
information derived from a paper map <strong>with</strong> an already existing system paper map and comply<br />
<strong>with</strong> actual legislation.<br />
40-2 11:25 Gerber, Rolf<br />
EXTRACTION OF GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION FOR THE BUNDESWEHR<br />
GEOINFORMATION SERVICE (BGIS) USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS<br />
GERBER, Rolf, Bundeswehr Geoinformation Office, Euskirchen 53879 Germany,<br />
RolfGerber@bundeswehr.org<br />
Today’s asymmetric warfare requires a wide variety <strong>of</strong> quality assured geo-information to<br />
provide advisory service for the armed forces. The demand to be deployable worldwide induces<br />
the need for worldwide available data. Due to the limitations <strong>of</strong> availability, especially on data<br />
needed on larger scales, it has become necessary to extract information from various remote<br />
sensing sources. Procedures <strong>of</strong> geological mapping therefore are based on the extraction <strong>of</strong><br />
data from globally available remote sensing products. The operational conditions in the mission<br />
areas forces personnel to use basic and approved tools.<br />
At the BGIO a handbook for the extraction <strong>of</strong> geological information was created in order to<br />
standardize information extraction procedures. The handbook <strong>of</strong>fers a toolbox <strong>of</strong> techniques<br />
to create data layers that contain physical-geological spatial information. Concepts to map<br />
geological features based upon different satellite imagery are presented for lithological units,<br />
geomorphological landforms and tectonic features. Additionally topographic, hydrological and<br />
vegetation features are mapped to complement the terrain attributes. Practicable methods<br />
focussing on multispectral images are exemplarily demonstrated depending on satellite image<br />
characteristics like spatial and radiometric resolution. Process charts have proven to be most<br />
advantageous to promote standardized procedures <strong>of</strong> information extraction.<br />
Approaches to use the obtained information for the evaluation <strong>of</strong> cross-country movement<br />
and mobility analyses in future projects are outlined herein. But the demand for state-<strong>of</strong>-theart<br />
methods to link data acquisition to algorithms answering user controlled queries is still<br />
unsatisfied. For this reason we look forward to implement elements like a digital mapping<br />
approach for our terrain analysis to satisfy customer demands.<br />
A60 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
40-3 11:40 Terman, Maurice J.<br />
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY TEAM PREPARED TERRAIN MAPS OF GERMANY AFTER<br />
WORLD WAR II<br />
TERMAN, Maurice J., 616 Poplar Drive, Falls Church, VA 22046, ric@terman.us<br />
From 1954 to 1964, eight <strong>America</strong>n scientists <strong>of</strong> the U.S. <strong>Geological</strong> Survey (USGS)<br />
Military Geology Branch and the U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture Soil Conservation Service,<br />
together <strong>with</strong> several German scientists and some very competent enlisted personnel,<br />
constituted the USGS Team (Europe) based at the Engineer Intelligence Center <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Heidelberg headquarters <strong>of</strong> the U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR). Their principal mission<br />
was the preparation and publication <strong>of</strong> 131 maps entitled Cross-Country Movement at a<br />
1:100,000 scale for Germany, and <strong>of</strong> 24 maps entitled Military Engineering Geology at a<br />
scale <strong>of</strong> 1:250,000 for Western Germany. Each <strong>of</strong> these maps was a complete document<br />
unto itself. The Cross-Country Movement maps showed trafficability classes based on soil<br />
and slope, overprinted <strong>with</strong> obstacle effects <strong>of</strong> steep slopes, forest, and surface drainage; the<br />
text on the back <strong>of</strong> the map summarized climate and described terrain regions. The Military<br />
Engineering Geology maps showed units <strong>of</strong> natural materials <strong>with</strong> critical culture and surface<br />
drainage features at a l:250,000 scale. Summary maps at a 1:1,000,000 scale showing natural<br />
landforms, vegetation, and constructional aspects also were on the front <strong>of</strong> the sheet; complete<br />
descriptions and engineering evaluations were tabulated on the back <strong>of</strong> the sheet for both<br />
natural materials and military geographic subregions.<br />
40-4 11:55 Baran, Ramona<br />
THE USE OF HIGH-RESOLUTION 3-D LASER SCANNING TO UNRAVEL THE COMPLEX<br />
RUPTURE PATTERN OF A FLOWER STRUCTURE, REX HILLS, NEVADA, USA<br />
BARAN, Ramona1 , GUEST, Bernard2 , and FRIEDRICH, Anke M. 1 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Luisenstr. 37,<br />
Munich, 80333, Germany, ramona.baran@iaag.geo.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Geoscience, University <strong>of</strong> Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N<br />
1N4, Canada<br />
Fault scarps are the most obvious surface expression <strong>of</strong> tectonic activity. Scarp-morphology<br />
studies constrain fault kinematics and scarp degradation by using geomorphic dating<br />
techniques. Data acquisition and interpretation is facilitated where scarps are exposed in<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> simple topography, but it is challenging in complex, dissected topography. The latter<br />
is commonly observed in flower structures which are important to evaluate the evolution and<br />
linking <strong>of</strong> strike-slip fault systems, and seem to be scale-independent. We combined field<br />
mapping and high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) analysis to evaluate the structure<br />
and surface expression <strong>of</strong> one flank <strong>of</strong> the Rex Hills pressure ridge. Based on terrestrial laser<br />
scanning (Riegl LMS-Z420i) we derived a detailed DEM <strong>with</strong> cm-scale resolution and extracted<br />
high-resolution topographic cross-sections. This enabled us to identify fault scarps and<br />
determine their relative ages and geometry.<br />
The Rex Hills are located on the transpressional bend between the Pahrump and Amargosa<br />
segments <strong>of</strong> the dextral Stateline fault system, ~100 km NW <strong>of</strong> Las Vegas. The topography <strong>of</strong><br />
the southern Rex Hills slope is characterized by alternating valleys and ridges (~100 m long,<br />
~30-75 m wide). It exhibits three WNW-ESE trending fault scarps related to three reverse<br />
fault branches: the basal scarp is the most continuous, and it is composed <strong>of</strong> five segments;<br />
the upper two scarps are less continuous. Fault scarps exposed on ridge crests are more<br />
numerous (up to 5) and smaller (~5 m high); valleys <strong>of</strong>ten exhibit single large (>10 m high),<br />
smooth scarps. We analyzed the height and slope angle <strong>of</strong> the scarps to detect differences.<br />
Our results indicate that scarp shape is dominated by degradation processes yielding large<br />
scatter and overlap in scarp-height – slope-angle space, and that scarp degradation is stronger<br />
in the valleys. Hence, preservation potential <strong>of</strong> small, single scarps is greater on ridge crests.<br />
A comparison <strong>of</strong> our data <strong>with</strong> calibrated fault-scarp data yielded an age <strong>of</strong> ~2 ka, and we<br />
suggest that scarp shape mainly reflects degradation since the most recent surface rupture.<br />
Lastly, we propose that medium-range laser scanners <strong>with</strong> measurement distances <strong>of</strong> up to<br />
hundreds <strong>of</strong> m are best suited to efficiently analyze closely-spaced fault scarps across a broad<br />
range <strong>of</strong> spatial scales.<br />
40-5 12:10 Gwinner, Klaus<br />
VENT STRUCTURES ON THE SUMMIT AND FLANKS OF PAVONIS MONS: IMPLICATIONS<br />
FOR THE VOLCANIC EVOLUTION OF A MAJOR SHIELD VOLCANO ON MARS<br />
GWINNER, Klaus, Institute <strong>of</strong> Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR),<br />
Rutherfordstr. 2, Berlin, 12489, Germany, Klaus.Gwinner@dlr.de, HEAD, James W.,<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, and<br />
WILSON, Lionel, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster,<br />
LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom<br />
Small volcanic edifices in volcanic plains-type and rift-related settings <strong>of</strong> Mars were given much<br />
consideration recently, but only a few reports have addressed vent-related morphologies on<br />
the flanks and in the summit regions <strong>of</strong> the large Martian shields. Impact crater chronology has<br />
shown ages on the order <strong>of</strong> only few hundred million years for several <strong>of</strong> the shield calderas,<br />
despite the much higher ages obtained for the entire edifices. A key question for understanding<br />
the volcanic evolution concerns the age and structure <strong>of</strong> the flanks <strong>of</strong> the shields and their<br />
involvement in the volcanic activity through time.<br />
Based on impact crater chronology using CTX data, we can demonstrate that Pavonis<br />
Mons showed 3-4 periods <strong>of</strong> emplacement <strong>of</strong> large volumes <strong>of</strong> volcanic deposits during the<br />
last ~0.5 Gyr. These were associated <strong>with</strong> caldera formation, but also <strong>with</strong> the formation <strong>of</strong><br />
new rift apron deposits and <strong>with</strong> resurfacing <strong>of</strong> the flanks. We performed a systematic survey<br />
<strong>of</strong> vent structures and associated local deposits visible on the entire shield, and observe a<br />
great number <strong>of</strong> both on the flanks and inside the caldera complex. We have analyzed recently<br />
available high-resolution images (HRSC, CTX, HIRISE), as well as high-resolution DTMs<br />
derived from HRSC data and MOLA DTMs for morphometric characterization.<br />
We mapped more than 300 vent features, the majority <strong>of</strong> which are rimless depressions at<br />
the head <strong>of</strong> rille-like channels which formed most likely by erosion by lava. Also a number <strong>of</strong><br />
small shields characterized by a low crater/cone diameter ratio were formed by mainly effusive<br />
flank eruptions. Edifice heights and the diameters <strong>of</strong> craters and cones suggest a significant<br />
contribution <strong>of</strong> explosive eruptions for a second class <strong>of</strong> cone-shaped edifices. Lava ramparts<br />
and fissure vent associations are also observed. Deposition <strong>of</strong> volcanic material has produced<br />
a number <strong>of</strong> fan-shaped deposits <strong>with</strong> terrace-like morphology. Some <strong>of</strong> these are directly<br />
associated <strong>with</strong> flank vents, or the fan apex is linked to collapsed lava tubes or eroded lava<br />
channels. The flank fans show a similarly young age as the caldera and apron deposits. We<br />
suggest that the phases <strong>of</strong> high volcanic activity <strong>of</strong> Pavonis during the last ~0.5 Gyr were<br />
accompanied – in addition to the formation <strong>of</strong> rift aprons – by significant resurfacing due to<br />
effusive and explosive flank eruptions in other sectors.
40-6 12:25 El Haddad, A. Abdallah<br />
GEO-DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES SURROUNDING THE UPPER – EGYPT RED SEA<br />
DESERT ROAD, EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT<br />
EL HADDAD, A. Abdallah, ABDEL MONEIM, Ahmed, and ASRAN, Mohamed<br />
Hassan, Geology, Sohag University, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Science, Sohag, 82524, Egypt,<br />
elhaddad_abdelaziz@yahoo.com<br />
The new desert road connecting Upper Egypt to the Red Sea cuts through five geomorphological<br />
units, namely Nile valley, Eocene plateau, Wadi Qena, Red Sea hills, and<br />
Rea Sea coastal area. The Nile Valley unit is occupied by fluviatile-lacustrine deposits (clays,<br />
limestones, Sands, conglomerates). Most <strong>of</strong> these sediments have industrial implication<br />
(e.g. bricks and cement, concrete, road materials and building stones).<br />
The second unit is composed <strong>of</strong> Eocene limestone. The upper part othis limestone is<br />
characterized by its pure composition and suitable for chemical industries (e.g cement, and<br />
metallurgical industries). This limestone covers a huge surface area <strong>with</strong> thicknessup to 50<br />
meters and suitable for mining processes.<br />
The third geomorphological unit is Wadi Qena which represents one <strong>of</strong> the largest wadis in<br />
the Eastern Desert <strong>of</strong> Egypt. Huge surface areas suitable for land reclamation exist in the wadi.<br />
Groundwater occurs <strong>with</strong>in the wadi in two main aquifers (Quaternary and Nubian Sandstone<br />
aquifers). The Quaternary and the Nubian aquifers attain an average thickness <strong>of</strong> 20 and<br />
200 meters, respectively. The former is recharged by the rain water while the second aquifer<br />
contains fossil water. Groundwater extraction management plan is required to maintain the land<br />
reclamation activities in the area. The sedimentary rocks exposed in both sides <strong>of</strong> the Wadi<br />
Qena contain considerable amount <strong>of</strong> industrial rocks and minerals (e.g. Limestone and chalk;<br />
clays; Phosphate and glass sands).<br />
The forth sector <strong>of</strong> this road cuts through the basement complex <strong>of</strong> Egypt which composed<br />
mainly <strong>of</strong> igneous and metamorphic rocks. These rocks contain many metallic and non-metalic<br />
mineral deposits as: Radioactive mineral deposits; Iron ore deposits; Molybdenum; Tungsten;<br />
Copper and gold. There are also indications for the occurrence <strong>of</strong> the rare earth elements<br />
(REE) which are used in many important industries as the manufacturing the solar cells.<br />
Feldspars are found are found as wadi deposits and pegmatite veins.<br />
Huge quantities <strong>of</strong> gypsum and anhydrite were recorded at Red Sea costal area which<br />
could support many chemical industries. The Miocene carbonates which exposed very close<br />
to the Red Sea coast represent important source for dolomite which is very important for many<br />
industries. Huge amounts <strong>of</strong> coarse aggregates occur as alluvial fans and wadi deposits.<br />
40-7 12:40 El Bahariya, Gaafar A.<br />
MODE OF OCCURRENCE AND TECTONIC SETTING OF NEOPROTEROZOIC OPHIOLITES<br />
OF THE CENTRAL EASTERN DESERT OF EGYPT: IMPLICATIONS FOR COLLISIONAL<br />
TECTONICS<br />
EL BAHARIYA, Gaafar A., Geology Department, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Science, Tanta University,<br />
23 El Helw-El Bokhary Street, Tanta 002-040 Egypt, gbahariya@yahoo.com<br />
Numerous ophiolite occurrences are reported in central eastern desert <strong>of</strong> Egypt. Based on<br />
geological setting, ophiolites occur as intact ophiolite succession, exotic masses, blocks and<br />
fragments in mélange matrix and dismembered slices and sheets along inherent planes <strong>of</strong><br />
weakness essentially <strong>with</strong>in host rocks other than mélanges. Some ophiolitic rocks are closely<br />
associated <strong>with</strong> arc volcanic and not included in mélanges. They are made up <strong>of</strong> serpentinized<br />
peridotite and metamorphosed ultramafics, metagabbros, pillowed and massive metabasalts,<br />
sheeted dykes and pelagic rocks.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> the serpentinites and metamorphosed ultramafic ophiolite blocks <strong>with</strong>in the melange,<br />
display mainly supra-subduction zone (SSZ) tectonic setting but other minor blocks show<br />
MORB tectonic setting. There are two groups <strong>of</strong> ophiolitic metagabbros, a high-Ti, high- Zr<br />
group and appears to posses N-MORB features and a low-Ti, Low Zr group displays arc-like<br />
features which may suggest a supra-subduction zone setting (SSZ). The basaltic rocks at the<br />
top <strong>of</strong> intact ophiolites and the blocks <strong>of</strong> metabasalts <strong>with</strong>in the mélange matrix apparently<br />
displaying N-MORB affinity and are closely comparable to MORB or back-arc basin basalt<br />
(BABB) ophiolites. The basaltic rocks associated <strong>with</strong> arc volcanics and boninites have arc<br />
affinity and display SSZ tectonic setting.<br />
The rocks <strong>of</strong> the ophiolites have undergone two main phases <strong>of</strong> deformation and<br />
metamorphism: The first deformation phase (D ) was manifested in imbricate thrusting (T ) and<br />
1 1<br />
folding (F ), cleavage formation (S ), stretched lineation (L ), shearing and stratal disruption<br />
1 1 1<br />
was related to the tectonic emplacement <strong>of</strong> the ophiolites. During D the rocks are later<br />
2<br />
disrupted and tectonically emplaced along low angle thrust faults (T ) and strike-slip shear<br />
2<br />
zones. There are features indicative <strong>of</strong> two phases <strong>of</strong> metamorphism; ocean-floor event and<br />
regional metamorphism.<br />
Ophiolites <strong>of</strong> the central eastern desert fall into two groups, MORB or BABB and SSZ<br />
ophiolites, which are spatially and temporally unrelated and thus it seems likely that the two<br />
types are not petrogenetically related. Ophiolites underwent multiple phases <strong>of</strong> deformation<br />
and metamorphism, and successive tectonic emplacement as a consequence <strong>of</strong> a collisional<br />
events during back arc–arc-continent collision.<br />
SESSION NO. 41, 08:30<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
T2E. Geomorphology and Surface Processes <strong>of</strong><br />
Tectonically Active Regions (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P1 (E110, Senatsraum, 1st floor)<br />
41-1 BTH 21 Tietz, Olaf<br />
THE LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION OF THE LAUSITZ MASSIF – RESULTS FROM<br />
NEOVOLCANIC EDIFICES FROM THE LAUSITZ VOLCANO FIELD (EASTERN GERMANY)<br />
TIETZ, Olaf and BÜCHNER, Jörg, Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz,<br />
Sektion Paläozoologie und Geologie, Am Museum 1, Görlitz, 02826, Germany,<br />
olaf.tietz@senckenberg.de<br />
Three Cainozoic volcanoes (Baruth, Landeskrone, Sonnenberg) were investigated in the<br />
Lausitz Volcano Field (climax 30-25 Ma) for the reconstruction <strong>of</strong> the uplift and denudation<br />
history in a consolidated area. The volcano remnants mark and save the synvolcanic<br />
paleosurface.<br />
The Baruth Complex Volcano is situated in the northern Lusatia and contents <strong>of</strong> three deeply<br />
eroded scoria cones. Only in glaci<strong>of</strong>luviatile Saalian-1-Glaciation sediments appear greater<br />
amounts <strong>of</strong> scoria pebbles in this place. This suggest greater scoria bodies for the 33-27 Ma<br />
old volcanoes at the time about 250 000 years ago. Such observation implies a young uplift <strong>of</strong><br />
the Lausitz Massif.<br />
The Landeskrone Volcano also gives indications for neotectonic movements. The<br />
reconstruction <strong>of</strong> this large monogenetic scoria cone in the eastern part <strong>of</strong> the Lausitz massif<br />
SESSION NO. 41<br />
allows in connection to adjacent volcano edifices the estimation <strong>of</strong> an average denudation rate<br />
from 3 mm / ka for the last 34 Ma. Probably, this uplift and denudation rate increased in the<br />
upper Middle Pleistocene. Otherwise, the recent 200 m high basaltic hill would destroyed by<br />
the overriding <strong>of</strong> two Elster glacial ice streams. Furthermore, a 28 km long geomorphologic<br />
N-S pr<strong>of</strong>ile which incorporated 7 additional volcano edifices, showed a tectonic differentiation<br />
between uplift and subsidence areas inside <strong>of</strong> the Lausitz Massif in the last 30 Ma. A rigid and<br />
en bloc movement <strong>of</strong> this Variscan Basement unit can be excluded.<br />
The Sonnenberg Volcano is situated in the Elbe Zone 1.3 km southward the Lausitz Fault.<br />
On this fault the Lausitz Massif is uplifted up to 1000 m against the Elbe Zone. This elevation<br />
direction got an inversion to synvolcanic time; therefore today the Zittauer Gebirge Mountains<br />
overtop the Lausitz Massif by 200 m. In contrast, the Sonnenberg Volcano (30-27 Ma) and the<br />
adjacent volcanic edifices show little erosion. Therefore, the maximal 50 m deep erosion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Zittau Mountains should also be induced by a young uplift <strong>with</strong> a rate <strong>of</strong> 7 to 10 mm / ka.<br />
In further, it is planed to investigate about 50 volcanoes <strong>of</strong> the Lausitz volcanic field and<br />
make a 2D and 3D modelling. The volcanological study <strong>of</strong> neovolcanoes represents a helpful<br />
tool for the uplift and denudation history for the last 30 Ma and completes the results <strong>of</strong> the<br />
fisson track data (85-50 Ma) and the Upper Pleistocene deposit investigations.<br />
41-2 BTH 22 Künkel, H.<br />
DIFFERENT MORPHODYNAMIC PROCESSES AND GLACIER VARIATIONS AS A<br />
CONSEQUENCE OF PETROGRAPHICAL AND TECTONICAL STRUCTURE VARIATIONS<br />
FIRST OBSERVATIONS ON GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS BOUNDARIES IN THE<br />
UPPER & MIDDLE NAR-PHU-KHOLA (DAMODAR-HIMALAYA, NEPAL)<br />
KÜNKEL, H., Dept. <strong>of</strong> High Mountain Geomorphology and Geography, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 5, Göttingen 37077 Germany, hkuenke@gwdg.de<br />
In 2007 a four-week expedition to the Damodar Himalaya was carried out <strong>with</strong> the aim to<br />
work out first geomorphologic and quarternary geological results on the yet unworked-on<br />
higher catchment areas <strong>of</strong> Nar-Phu Valley. The author focussed on the altitudinal zonation <strong>of</strong><br />
geomorphological processes. Two facts turned out to be determinating for the detectability<br />
<strong>of</strong> altitudinal limits apart from climate: first the existence or abstinence <strong>of</strong> late quarternary<br />
moraine-deposits and secondly the orographic divide <strong>with</strong>in the catchment area, specially the<br />
petrographical change <strong>with</strong> Mesozoic Tethys-sediments in the western part and the tectonically<br />
uplifted Palaeozoic Manaslu-crystalline as a part <strong>of</strong> the Himalaya Main Ridge in the eastern<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the drainage basin.<br />
The petrographical change causes significantly higher erosion rates in the crystalline area<br />
due to the higher elevation and steeper flanks. As a result the quarternary debris-material is<br />
almost completely excavated and plain rock surfaces have been building out the flanks. The<br />
lack <strong>of</strong> debris-deposits in which geomorphological processes could create evident key forms<br />
for altitude zones or limits (i.e rock glaciers as indicators <strong>of</strong> permafrost) are missing and due to<br />
that a differentiated zonation <strong>of</strong> processes and altitude-limits cannot be made.<br />
In contradiction to that in the western, less morphodynamically active Tethys-Sedimentarea<br />
an almost complete zonation <strong>of</strong> periglacial process-limits has been proven by<br />
geomorphological evidence.<br />
A second unambiguous difference caused by the petrographical and tectonical variation is<br />
the extent <strong>of</strong> glaciation. The catchment area <strong>of</strong> the glaciers in the crystalline area is bigger due<br />
to higher altitude <strong>with</strong> the consequence <strong>of</strong> the glacier-termini reaching more than 500 m further<br />
down than in the less high sediment zone in the western part <strong>of</strong> the catchment area. ELAcalculations<br />
show a 100 m snowline depression for the W-exposed glaciers <strong>of</strong> the crystalline<br />
catchment area compared to the ELA-exposition middle <strong>of</strong> 5623 m in the whole research area.<br />
In summary there can be proven a significant E-W division in the organisation <strong>of</strong><br />
geomorphological and glacial processes and altitude belts reducible to tecto-petroragphic<br />
variations.<br />
41-3 BTH 23 Kuhlmann, Cornelia<br />
GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE JAVA FOREARC BASIN, INDONESIA<br />
KUHLMANN, Cornelia, Hannover 30655 Germany, cornelia.kuhlmann@bgr.de<br />
This paper focuses on the western Java fore-arc basin, close to the Sunda Strait. The Indo-<br />
Australian Plate is subducted beneath the Eurasian Plate <strong>with</strong> an average speed <strong>of</strong> 6.7 cm/yr in<br />
a north-easterly direction. In the region <strong>of</strong> the Sunda Strait frontal convergence in front <strong>of</strong> Java<br />
changes to oblique convergence in front <strong>of</strong> Sumatra. This transition leads to the evolution <strong>of</strong><br />
huge strike-slip faults like the Sumatra Fault Zone and the Mentawai Fault Zone. In the studied<br />
area these major two fault zones join at the continental slope. Additional, in front <strong>of</strong> Java other<br />
strike-slip fault systems like the Ujung Kulon Fracture Zone, the Pelabuhan Ratu Fault Zone<br />
and the Cimanderi Fault zone are involved.<br />
Bathymetric grids have been calculated from bathymetric data obtained during German<br />
Sonne Cruises SO137 and SO138 and Japaneses cruise Yukosuka yk0102, yk0207. The<br />
Sonne cruises were a cooperation between Germany and Indonesia. During cruise SO137<br />
multi-channel-seismic reflection pr<strong>of</strong>iles <strong>of</strong> 4100km length were jointed by HydroSweep<br />
data. In addition, sediment echosounding, magnetic and gravimetric measurements were<br />
carried out. During SO138 ocean bottom hydrophones and ocean bottom seismometers were<br />
deployed along 9 pr<strong>of</strong>iles <strong>with</strong> a total length <strong>of</strong> 1860km. In addition, magnetic, gravimetric and<br />
bathymetric data were collected.<br />
At present we perform a fault system analyses on the basis <strong>of</strong> bathymetric and seismic<br />
data <strong>of</strong> the Sunda Strait region. Morphological interpretation is done in Arc Gis. Different fault<br />
directions are mapped and displayed in rose diagrams. Deformation features will be interpreted.<br />
IVS 3D Fledermaus will be used to show 3D view <strong>of</strong> the fault systems. IESX, a seismic<br />
interpretation tool <strong>of</strong> GeoFrame, is used to analyse different fault systems along 2-D cross<br />
sections.<br />
41-4 BTH 24 Gerlach, Robert<br />
A NOVEL TOOL TO ESTIMATE RECENT TECTONIC DISPLACEMENT ALONG A LARGE<br />
STRIKE-SLIP FAULT: MAPPING OF OFFSET DRUMLINS AND LAKEFRONTS WITHIN THE<br />
CENTRAL CANADIAN CORDILLERA ON HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY<br />
GERLACH, Robert and FRIEDRICH, Anke M., Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental<br />
Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Luisenstr. 37, Munich, 80333, Germany,<br />
robert.gerlach@rub.de<br />
The Northern Rocky Mountain Trench (NRMT) is a NNW-striking, dextral strike-slip fault system<br />
in western Canada, extending about 800 km from east <strong>of</strong> Prince George (53° 55’ N; 122°<br />
45’ W) to Upper Liard (60° 3’ N; 128° 54’ W). In order to trace active fault branches along the<br />
NRMT precisely and to understand their late Quaternary short-term slip history, we conducted<br />
a tectonogeomorphic analysis, based on the evaluation <strong>of</strong> WorldView II ® satellite imagery <strong>with</strong><br />
a resolution <strong>of</strong> 50 cm. Using these remote sensing techniques, we investigated several hundred<br />
disrupted geomorphic features such as lakefronts and drumlins, extending perpendicular<br />
across the NRMT fault system. The analysis <strong>of</strong> those Wisconsinan (late Pleistocene) structures<br />
enabled us to identify seven fault branches that show possible signs <strong>of</strong> fault activity over the<br />
last 10 ± 3 ka. Right-lateral <strong>of</strong>fset measurements across the seven fault branches range from<br />
7.5 to 45 m, which implies slip-rates <strong>of</strong> 1 to 6 mm/a during this period. This is consistent <strong>with</strong><br />
the average slip-rate <strong>of</strong> about 2 mm/a since the Eocene. Assuming that the maximum single<br />
displacement <strong>of</strong> 20 m, observed at a lakefront, has accumulated during one single tectonic<br />
event, there is the possibility that this fault is capable <strong>of</strong> producing MW 7.7 earthquakes.<br />
Munich, Germany A61<br />
Wednesday
SESSION NO. 41<br />
Taking into account maximum single earthquake displacements <strong>of</strong> about 10 m across other<br />
major strike-slip fault systems around the globe, it seems more realistic that the maximum<br />
displacement <strong>of</strong> 20 m has accumulated during at least two tectonic events. This indicates<br />
the possibility <strong>of</strong> significant MW 7.4 earthquakes. Our study shows that the investigation <strong>of</strong><br />
geomorphic structures using remote sensing techniques is a powerful method in order to<br />
investigate seismic hazard along major continental fault systems, where the geologic record<br />
and realtime measurements like GPS and seismicity can not provide reliable information about<br />
current fault activity.<br />
41-5 BTH 25 H<strong>of</strong>fmann, Markus<br />
ALTERNATIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE ASYMMETRIC SHAPE OF THE TERTIARY<br />
HILLS, MOLASSE BASIN, GERMANY<br />
HOFFMANN, Markus1 , FRIEDRICH, Anke M. 1 , and NIEMEYER, Adelbert2 , (1) Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich, 80333,<br />
Germany, ma.h<strong>of</strong>fmann@lmu.de, (2) Erlus AG, Hauptstraße 106, Neufahrn / NB, 84088,<br />
Germany<br />
The geomorphology <strong>of</strong> foreland basins is a recorder <strong>of</strong> climatic and geodynamic processes. On<br />
the regional scale, basin geometry places constraints on tectonic processes, whereas on the<br />
local scale, interpretation <strong>of</strong> the geomorphological record may be dominated by climaticallyinduced<br />
surface processes. One outstanding example <strong>of</strong> such a complex landscape that is<br />
influenced by both, tectonic and climatic processes, is the NE portion <strong>of</strong> the Molasse foreland<br />
basin: the Tertiary Hills region <strong>of</strong> Bavaria. In this region, foreland-basin subsidence occurred<br />
throughout Tertiary time, but has stopped a few million years ago, due to late Tertiary and<br />
Quaternary (?) uplift as a result <strong>of</strong> renewed plate convergence. The goal <strong>of</strong> our study is to<br />
examine the origin <strong>of</strong> this uplift and whether the region is actively deforming today. We compiled<br />
all existing topographic, geological, structural, seismic and geomorphic information and<br />
produced a new preliminary neotectonic map <strong>of</strong> the Tertiary Hills region. The <strong>of</strong>ficial tectonic<br />
map <strong>of</strong> Bavaria yields several basement faults <strong>with</strong> a dominant NW-SE orientation. We also<br />
identified a large number <strong>of</strong> asymmetric hill slopes that strike parallel to underlying basement<br />
faults. Previous workers had attributed the pronounced asymmetry to aeolian loess deposits.<br />
Our preliminary field mapping, geophysical prospecting and drill core analyses is generally<br />
consistent <strong>with</strong> this interpretation but we propose that these asymmetric valleys are influenced<br />
by the structural framework <strong>of</strong> the basement faults.<br />
Our new observations are: (a) Several linear, NW-SE striking, 2 to 9 m high morphologic<br />
steps <strong>with</strong> a length <strong>of</strong> 0.5 to >10 km are observed 10 km south <strong>of</strong> the Danube river. (b) Distinct<br />
bends <strong>of</strong> small rivers and drainages occur in the central area <strong>of</strong> the Tertiary hills and along<br />
the southern margin <strong>of</strong> the Danube river flood plain. (c) Quarry logs reveal disturbed sediment<br />
layers containing <strong>of</strong>fset sand lenses and s<strong>of</strong>t sediment deformation features. These geomorphic<br />
features are possibly results <strong>of</strong> local tectonic activity after the late Miocene. These preliminary<br />
results show promising correlations <strong>with</strong> expected surface morphology effects that may have<br />
been caused by tectonic activity – providing an alternative interpretation <strong>of</strong> the asymmetric<br />
hillslopes.<br />
41-6 BTH 26 Lüdecke, Tina<br />
LATE CENOZOIC PALEOENVIRONMENTAL ISOTOPE RECORDS OF THE CENTRAL<br />
ANATOLIAN PLATEAU, TURKEY<br />
LÜDECKE, Tina1 , MIKES, Tamás1 , SCHEMMEL, Fabian1 , ROJAY, Bora2 , and MULCH,<br />
Andreas1 , (1) Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage<br />
25, Frankfurt/Main, 60325, Germany, Tina.Luedecke@senckenberg.de, (2) <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06531, Turkey<br />
The geochemistry and sedimentology <strong>of</strong> lacustrine and pedogenic carbonates are a powerful<br />
tool to reconstruct paleoclimatic and paleoecological conditions <strong>of</strong> the environment in which<br />
they formed. Sedimentological and oxygen and carbon stable isotope analyses were carried<br />
out on Neogene to Quaternary carbonate nodules from paleosols and lacustrine carbonates<br />
in the Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP). At current, there is no consensus about the Cenozoic<br />
environmental dynamics in Central Anatolia mainly because quantitative information on late<br />
Neogen climate, lake hydrology and timing <strong>of</strong> the uplift <strong>of</strong> the Tauride Mountain range bordering<br />
the plateau are missing. Here we use carbonate δ18O values to reconstruct oxygen isotopic<br />
compositions <strong>of</strong> Neogene meteoric waters and compare these records to the modern isotopic<br />
pattern <strong>of</strong> surface waters on the CAP.<br />
The oxygen isotopic composition <strong>of</strong> lacustrine and pedogenic carbonates indicates that<br />
most <strong>of</strong> these carbonates formed from water <strong>with</strong> δ18O values approximately 3 to 8 ‰ more<br />
positive compared to recent meteoric water on the plateau. This depletion in 16O can be<br />
attributed to mainly two effects: stronger plateau evaporation and/or a weaker rainshadow.<br />
Field observations, such as evaporate minerals in the lacustrine limestones, and analytical<br />
results indicate, especially in the north <strong>of</strong> the CAP interior (Ankara area), an arid climate<br />
<strong>with</strong> shallow, hydrologically closed, saline lakes in the Neogene. At the southern margin <strong>of</strong><br />
the plateau (Ecemiş Fault Zone) Neogene lakes were probably hydrologically transient <strong>with</strong><br />
reconstructed meteoric water δ18O values being ~ 5 ‰ more positive than the modern values,<br />
overall suggesting that rainshadow development post-dated deposition in the Neogene Ecemiş<br />
Fault Zone basins.<br />
SESSION NO. 42, 08:30<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
T3A. Local Events <strong>with</strong> Global Impact (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P3 (1st floor hallway)<br />
42-1 BTH 10 Gwinner, Klaus<br />
3D SURFACE DEFORMATION DURING THE MAY 2008 FLANK ERUPTION OF MT. ETNA<br />
FROM AIRBORNE STEREO IMAGING<br />
GWINNER, Klaus, Institute <strong>of</strong> Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR),<br />
Rutherfordstr. 2, Berlin 12489 Germany, Klaus.Gwinner@dlr.de<br />
Mapping ground deformation caused by dike intrusions associated <strong>with</strong> volcanic eruptions<br />
can reveal substantial information on volcanic feeding systems, but is <strong>of</strong>ten limited by the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> ground geodetic stations or benchmarks available and by loss <strong>of</strong> correlation for SAR<br />
interferometry due to modification <strong>of</strong> the surface by the eruption. We report on an experimental<br />
application <strong>of</strong> a specifically designed photogrammetric mapping technique for this task.<br />
Analysis <strong>of</strong> optical images from repeated stereo imaging campaigns provides high potentials for<br />
obtaining a dense set <strong>of</strong> displacement measurements (due to high spatial resolution and strictly<br />
local correlation techniques) and the capability <strong>of</strong> measuring all 3 displacement components.<br />
We mapped the displacements between 2007-2008 in the summit area <strong>of</strong> Etna and Valle del<br />
Bove based on sub-pixel image correlation <strong>of</strong> multi-temporal data (airborne HRSC multi-line<br />
scanner images, resolution ~15 cm). Displacement components are filtered by a RANSAC-<br />
A62 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
type procedure and mapped to a regular grid <strong>of</strong> smaller resolution to reduce uncertainty.<br />
Comparison <strong>with</strong> ground GPS displacement data, and observed variance on stable surfaces,<br />
point to a precision <strong>of</strong> 5-10 cm (10-15 cm for height) on a 5 m grid. The results show that<br />
displacements could be determined in close vicinity to active volcanic vents and new lava flows.<br />
Lateral continuity also allows us to identify strong displacement gradients most likely related to<br />
fault movements.<br />
Eruptive activity at Mt. Etna in recent years was accompanied by short phases <strong>of</strong> intensified<br />
ground deformation, in particular in conjunction <strong>with</strong> the opening <strong>of</strong> an eruptive fissure on May<br />
13, 2008. The displacements we observe reveal an extensive deformation field that requires<br />
important interior processes as causative mechanisms. The displacements locally attain values<br />
<strong>of</strong> more than 1 m for both horizontal components and subsidence <strong>of</strong> more than 3 m. While the<br />
deformation pattern observed along the eruptive fissure, according to an Okada source model,<br />
is compatible <strong>with</strong> extension associated <strong>with</strong> dike intrusion below the upper western slope<br />
<strong>of</strong> Valle del Bove, the pattern observed on the upper NE-flank <strong>of</strong> Etna shows more complex<br />
characteristics and suggests interaction <strong>with</strong> structures related to the boundary <strong>of</strong> the instable<br />
eastern sector <strong>of</strong> the volcano.<br />
42-2 BTH 11 Lavallée, Yan<br />
DYNAMICS OF FRICTION, FRICTIONAL MELTING AND GENERATION OF<br />
PSEUDOTACHYLYTES IN VOLCANIC CONDUITS<br />
LAVALLÉE, Yan1 , MITCHELL, Thomas M. 2 , HEAP, M.J. 3 , HESS, Kai-Uwe1 ,<br />
KENDRICK, Jackie E. 4 , KENNEDY, Ben5 , ASHWELL, Paul5 , HIROSE, Tahehiro6 , and<br />
DINGWELL, Donald B. 1 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig<br />
Maximilians University, Theresienstrasse 41/III, Munich, 80333, Germany, lavallee@<br />
min.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Institute for Geology, Mineralogy, and Geophysics, Ruhr-<br />
University, Bochum, 44780, Germany, (3) Strasbourg, 67081, France, (4) Ludwig<br />
Maximilians University, Theresienstr. 41, Munich, 80636, Germany, (5) <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand,<br />
(6) Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and<br />
Technology (JAMSTEC), 200 Monobe-otsu, Kochi, Japan<br />
Magmas in volcanic systems are heterogeneous geomaterials in highly dynamic environments<br />
that are commonly subjected simultaneously to high temperatures, pressures and differential<br />
stresses. As such, in the inevitable process <strong>of</strong> strain localisation at very high viscosity in<br />
dome-building events, they are candidate materials to fracturing, followed by frictional slip,<br />
and possibly melting – a phenomenon preserved in the rock record as a pseudotachylyte. This<br />
scenario is expressed at the surface by the exogenic extrusion <strong>of</strong> a lava spine.<br />
Here, we experimentally test the ability <strong>of</strong> volcanic rocks containing different glass content<br />
to sustain friction using a high-velocity rotary apparatus. We find that obsidian-obsidian faults<br />
difficultly experience slip <strong>with</strong>out ultimate failure. Alternatively, obsidian can be slipped against<br />
a crystalline material for some distances before succumbing to failure. In contrast, andesiteandesite<br />
and basalt-basalt faults can sustain extensive slip and friction, leading to melting<br />
(but not fracturing). We find that melting occurs in disequilibrium, resulting in chemically<br />
heterogeneous local melt batches, which rapidly homogenize into a mixed melt whose complex<br />
non-Newtonian shear viscosity controls the shear stress along the slip surface. The shear<br />
stress monitored in the presence <strong>of</strong> a melt in the slip zone is higher than during rock-rock<br />
friction, which suggest that frictional melting (<strong>of</strong> volcanic rocks) does not lubricate slip zones,<br />
but rather impede the ability to slip.<br />
The ability <strong>of</strong> crystalline rock-rock to slip along restricted zones compared to obsidianobsidian,<br />
which tend to shatter, carries important implication to the dynamics <strong>of</strong> magma ascent<br />
and formation <strong>of</strong> lava domes. Our findings suggest that the width <strong>of</strong> the slip zone decreases<br />
<strong>with</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong> crystals. We conclude that the comminution <strong>of</strong> crystals is a requirement<br />
to the development <strong>of</strong> a localised slip zone. In absence <strong>of</strong> crystals, magma and/or obsidian<br />
are forced to shatter catastrophically, promoting wide damage zones. Comparison <strong>of</strong> our<br />
observations <strong>with</strong> structures developed in lava domes indicate that crystal-poor magma forms<br />
wide fracture zones, which hinder the extrusion <strong>of</strong> spines, whereas crystal-rich magma can<br />
undergo comminution and easily evolve into exogenic spines.<br />
42-3 BTH 12 Hanson, Jonathan B.<br />
A RHEOLOGICAL MAP OF TUNGURAHUA VOLCANO (ECUADOR): EXPLAINING THE<br />
EXPLOSIVE-EFFUSIVE TRANSITION<br />
HANSON, Jonathan B., LAVALLÉE, Yan, GOLDSTEIN, Fabian, KUEPPERS, Ulrich,<br />
HESS, Kai-Uwe, and DINGWELL, Donald B., Dept. Earth and Environmental<br />
Science, LMU Munich, Theresienstrasse 41 III, Munich, 80333, Germany, jonathan@<br />
min.uni-muenchen.de<br />
Tungurahua volcano has been highly active since 1999. Notably, the voluminous August 2006<br />
eruption generated a series <strong>of</strong> explosive events, which terminated <strong>with</strong> the effusion <strong>of</strong> a lava<br />
flow. Understanding such a rapid shift in eruption style is crucial to eruption forecasting at<br />
andesitic arc volcanoes. Here, we investigate the rheological changes occurring during magma<br />
ascent to explain eruptive style.<br />
Erupted material from the August 2006 bimodal activity is described as chemically<br />
homogeneous (<strong>with</strong> XRF analysis <strong>of</strong> the bulk rock at ~57% SiO ). The explosive phase showed<br />
2<br />
a wide range <strong>of</strong> porosities (1-60%), crystallinities (10-20% phenocrysts), and a less evolved<br />
interstitial glass composition (63-65% SiO ). In comparison, the lava material is more crystalline<br />
2<br />
(20-30% phenocrysts, high microlite content), less porous (1-5%) <strong>with</strong> an interstitial glass<br />
content <strong>of</strong> 67% SiO . Comparatively, the pore overpressure required to achieve fragmentation<br />
2<br />
<strong>of</strong> the explosive magma was 3MPa, whereas 6-10 times more pore pressure is required to<br />
induce fragmentation <strong>of</strong> the effusive magma.<br />
Rheological behavior <strong>of</strong> ascending magma (undergoing crystallization, volatile exsolution<br />
and chemical fractionation) is a chief determinant <strong>of</strong> eruptive style. We combined a variety<br />
<strong>of</strong> experimental techniques to map the rheological evolution <strong>of</strong> magma during ascent at<br />
Tungurahua. In the reservoir, the magma is envisaged as crystal poor and thus, has a<br />
composition similar to that <strong>of</strong> the bulk rock. We measured the non-Arrhenian temperature<br />
dependence <strong>of</strong> the viscosity <strong>of</strong> the (dry) magma in the reservoir (from remelted whole<br />
rock) as well as the increase in melt viscosity due to initial (20 vol.%) crystallisation using a<br />
concentric cylinder. The end viscosity <strong>of</strong> the erupted products was elucidated using a uniaxial<br />
press and shows an apparent viscosity 5 orders <strong>of</strong> magnitude above the pure interstitial melt<br />
and 7-8 orders above the viscosity <strong>of</strong> the magma in the reservoir. The effusive material was<br />
comparatively more viscous (and more shear-thinning) than the explosive material.<br />
We suggest that the effusion at the terminus <strong>of</strong> the explosive phase in August 2006 resulted<br />
from the late and slower ascent <strong>of</strong> a more-viscous magma <strong>with</strong> increased crystallinity and<br />
lesser bubble load, thus <strong>with</strong> diminished stored energy to further drive the explosive eruption.<br />
42-4 BTH 13 Petrakova, Linda<br />
INVESTIGATING THE STABILITY OF VOLCANIC EDIFICES AT VOLCÁN DE COLIMA,<br />
MEXICO<br />
PETRAKOVA, Linda, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section for<br />
Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, LMU, Theresienstr. 41, München 80333<br />
Germany, linda.petrakova@campus.lmu.de<br />
During magma ascent and eruption, the stability <strong>of</strong> volcano is challenged by heating and<br />
stressing, thereby affecting the physical state <strong>of</strong> the rocks. Here, we test the stability <strong>of</strong> active
volcanic edifice through a study <strong>of</strong> the strength <strong>of</strong> volcanic rocks (present in the edifice <strong>of</strong><br />
Volcán de Colima, Mexico) as well as after thermal stressing to 500 °C. In this study, we chose<br />
andesitic rocks <strong>with</strong> a range <strong>of</strong> porosity (between 8 % and 30 %) representative <strong>of</strong> the material<br />
observed in the edifice.<br />
We characterized the modal composition, the initial microstructure, the density (air and<br />
water-saturated density), the porosity, ultrasonic velocity and dynamic elastic moduli <strong>of</strong><br />
rocks prior to and after heat treatment. Ultrasonic velocities and Young’s moduli are low,<br />
whereas Poisson’s ratio and Vp/Vs ratio are high, indicative <strong>of</strong> an extensively cracked initial<br />
material. Thermal-stressing to 500°C (heated and cooled at 1°C/min) induced thermal cracks<br />
(seen as a reduction in elastic moduli and Vp, Vs), monitored via acoustic emissions and<br />
characterized via fluorescent light microscopic analysis. High-porosity rocks are more affected<br />
by thermal cracking.<br />
We test the strength <strong>of</strong> the rocks before and after heat treatment using uniaxial compressive<br />
experiments (under a strain rate <strong>of</strong> 10 5 s 1 ). Thermal stressing did not induce weakening <strong>of</strong> the<br />
andesite rocks studied; instead, we observe some strengthening, which cannot be explained by<br />
the relaxation <strong>of</strong> the interstitial glass, but require an alternative explanation.<br />
Our work suggests that thermal stressing during periods <strong>of</strong> unrest increases the porosity<br />
(and thus the permeable porous network) and decreases the seismic velocities across the<br />
edifice. An increase permeability <strong>of</strong> the rocks may promote hydration <strong>of</strong> the rock and counteract<br />
cracking, causing an increase in seismic velocities. As for the stability <strong>of</strong> the edifice, thermal<br />
stressing does not necessarily, nor significantly, weakens the conduit wall rock and thus the<br />
strength <strong>of</strong> the edifice. We emphasize that interpretation <strong>of</strong> the stability <strong>of</strong> the volcanic edifice<br />
from seismic velocities, alone, needs caution; instead, it may require knowledge <strong>of</strong> the crack<br />
density when approaching catastrophic failure.<br />
42-5 BTH 14 Kendrick, Jackie E.<br />
HIGH-TEMPERATURE MAGMA DEFORMATION: A STUDY FROM VOLCAN DE COLIMA<br />
(MEXICO)<br />
KENDRICK, Jackie E., LMU, Munich, Theresienstr. 41, Munich, 80333, Germany,<br />
kendrick@min.uni-muenchen.de, LAVALLÉE, Y., Munich, 80333, Germany, MARIANI, E.,<br />
Liverpool, L69 3GP, United Kingdom, HEAP, M.J., Strasbourg, 67081, France, GAUNT,<br />
H.E., London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, SAMMONDS, P.R., Earth Sciences, University<br />
College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, United Kingdom, and DINGWELL,<br />
Donald B., Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians<br />
University, Theresienstrasse 41/III, Munich, 80333, Germany<br />
It is a common phenomena for volcanoes to rapidly switch from effusive to explosive eruption,<br />
aided by the brittle failure <strong>of</strong> magma at high temperature. Our understanding <strong>of</strong> the deformation<br />
mechanisms and P-T changes associated <strong>with</strong> ascending magma are limited and the effects <strong>of</strong><br />
porosity and crystallinity remain unresolved.<br />
Here we investigate the rheology <strong>of</strong> 2 magma types involved in the dome-building eruptions<br />
and explosions that occurred at Volcán de Colima (Mexico) since 1998. Characterisation by thin<br />
section analysis, SEM and differential scanning calorimetry indicates that the 2 lavas contain<br />
different amounts <strong>of</strong> porosity (6% vs 24%), crystals (40% vs 50% phenocrysts and 35% vs<br />
15% microlites) and rhyolitic interstitial melt (19% vs 11%).<br />
Cylindrical samples were deformed in a uniaxial press at constant stresses <strong>of</strong> 12 or<br />
24 MPa, temperatures <strong>of</strong> ~950 oC and strain <strong>of</strong> 20 or 30%. The resulting strain rate varied<br />
between 10 5 to 10 2 s 1 , comparable to those <strong>with</strong>in active volcanic systems. Acoustic<br />
emission (AE) monitoring during deformation constrains the ductile-brittle transition. Preand<br />
post-deformation density and permeability measurements and imaging record textural<br />
developments. While Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) measures textural and<br />
microstructural developments by quantifying grain structure, grain boundary character and<br />
crystallographic preferred orientation.<br />
Each magma has different mechanical properties, displaying a significant range <strong>of</strong> measured<br />
strain rates at a given temperature and applied stress. AE output suggests that the ductilebrittle<br />
transition is not a fixed characteristic, and occurs at different stress / strain values<br />
for each sample. Deformation leads to an increase in both porosity and permeability which<br />
is controlled by the degree <strong>of</strong> deformation endured. EBSD analysis identifies alignment <strong>of</strong><br />
phenocrysts, which is highly dependent on % strain. Fracture initiation and propagation is<br />
controlled primarily by stress (higher strain rate in our experiments). Misorientation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
crystal lattice as identified by EBSD <strong>with</strong>in single phenocrysts alludes to crystal plasticity. This<br />
indicates that crystallinity has a significant effect on magma rheology <strong>with</strong> the implication that<br />
viscous models may not encompass the full complexity <strong>of</strong> crystal-bearing magma.<br />
42-6 BTH 15 Heistek, Rosanne<br />
LARGE-SCALE OBSIDIAN EMPLACEMENT AT OBSIDIAN CLIFF, YELLOWSTONE (USA)<br />
HEISTEK, Rosanne1 , LAVALLÉE, Yan2 , DE CAMPOS, Cristina3 , HESS, Kai-Uwe2 ,<br />
and DINGWELL, Donald B. 2 , (1) Muenchen, 80333, Germany, rosanne@<br />
min.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig<br />
Maximilians University, Theresienstrasse 41/III, Munich, 80333, Germany, (3) Geo. and<br />
Environmental Sciences, Geocenter - LMU, Theresienstr. 41/III, Munich, 80333, Germany<br />
During its eruptive history, the large volcanic system at Yellowstone has experienced large<br />
outpouring <strong>of</strong> silicic material, both explosively and effusively. Rhyolitic magma at Yellowstone<br />
are generally regarded as very hot (850 - 1100°C) and dry in CO and H O, but commonly<br />
2 2<br />
believed to contain high concentrations <strong>of</strong> halogens (Branney et al. 2008). The key to this<br />
enigma may reside in the concentration <strong>of</strong> these exotic volatiles present in the magmas. Here,<br />
we provide a study <strong>of</strong> magmatic volatiles present in the rhyolitic lava flow <strong>of</strong> Obsidian Cliff and<br />
assess whether the volatiles influenced the eruptive behaviour.<br />
Outcrops at Obsidian Cliff (Yellowstone) expose the interior <strong>of</strong> a thick rhyolitic lava flow<br />
erupted about 180,000 years ago. The rhyolitic lava flow has a thickness <strong>of</strong> 60m and extends<br />
for 6km down Obsidian Creek. Quenching <strong>of</strong> lava trapped parts <strong>of</strong> the volatiles species<br />
present in the magma, thus providing the opportunity to study the rheological effects <strong>of</strong> the<br />
species on lava flow dynamics. In detail, we investigate the volatile content, cooling rate and<br />
glass transition temperature <strong>of</strong> 15 samples across a 10m vertical section <strong>of</strong> the exposed lava<br />
flow interior.<br />
Bulk rock analysis <strong>of</strong> the glass, using an electron microprobe, shows the Obsidian Cliff to be<br />
a slight peraluminous rhyolite <strong>with</strong> 78% SiO , <strong>with</strong> trivial variation in major elements. Differential<br />
2<br />
Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis and application <strong>of</strong> the GRD viscosity model (2008)<br />
based on the measured chemical composition, suggest a glass transition interval (Tg) ranging<br />
between 723°C and 756°C (at a heating rate <strong>of</strong> 10K/min, respectively). Tg measured from the<br />
DSC data range by 33 °C, but does not show systematic variations along the stratigraphy. The<br />
non-systematic variation in Tg <strong>of</strong> a glass <strong>with</strong> homogenous composition <strong>of</strong> major elements<br />
may be explained by the different volatiles in the melt phase. Directly Coupled Evolved Gas<br />
Analyzing System (DEGAS) data reveal that the obsidian contains H O, OH, CO , HF, F, SO 2 2 2<br />
and Cl, which remain dissolved in the melt up to a temperature <strong>of</strong> ~1100°C, which is higher<br />
than magmatic temperatures inferred in the area. These findings highlight volatile species has<br />
an important contributor to local viscosity variation during emplacement <strong>of</strong> lava flows.<br />
SESSION NO. 42<br />
42-7 BTH 16 Morgavi, Daniele<br />
MAGMA MIXING BETWEEN RHYOLITIC AND BASALTIC MAGMAS IN THE BRUNEAU-<br />
JARBIDGE ERUPTIVE CENTER, SNAKE RIVER PLAIN (USA): AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY<br />
MORGAVI, Daniele1 , PERUGINI, Diego2 , DE CAMPOS, Cristina1 , LAVALLÉE, Yan1 ,<br />
DINGWELL, Donald B. 1 , and MORGAN, Lisa A. 3 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and<br />
Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Theresienstrasse 41/III, Munich,<br />
80333, Germany, morgavidaniele@hotmail.com, (2) Dept. <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Perugia, Piazza Universitá, Perugia, 06100, Italy, (3) U.S. <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, PO Box<br />
25046, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225<br />
Volcanic and magmatic activities in the Snake River Plain are characterised by a rhyoliticbasaltic<br />
bimodal geochemical character. The Bruneau-Jarbidge eruptive center (BJEC is a 95<br />
x 55 km structural basin formed ca.12 to 8 Ma ago) concists <strong>of</strong> multiple eruptions <strong>of</strong> rhyolitic<br />
pyroclastic and lava flows. The rhyolitic units are interlayered <strong>with</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> basaltic lava flows.<br />
The BJEC is an example in which basalt underplating induced partial melting <strong>of</strong> the crust and<br />
where mantle and crustal derived melts experienced mutual interaction.<br />
In this work we study experimentally the physical and chemical interaction <strong>of</strong> basaltic and<br />
rhyolitic magmas to evaluate whether this process can explain the variation in major and trace<br />
elements in the BJEC rhyolitc units.<br />
Following other geochemical studies, the Mary’s Creek basalt and the Cougar Point<br />
Tuff rhyolite were chosen as end-members for mixing experiments. Petrographic analyses<br />
indicate that the basalt contains phenocrysts <strong>of</strong> plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and olivine in a<br />
glassy groundmass <strong>with</strong> micro-crystals <strong>of</strong> plagioclase. The rhyolite contains phenocrysts <strong>of</strong><br />
plagioclase, quartz, sanidine, elongated vesicles, in a glassy groundmass.<br />
Static and chaotic mixing experiments were performed using completely molten endmembers<br />
in a newly developed experimental apparatus working at constant temperature<br />
(1400°C) and under controlled flow fields. Viscosity measurements <strong>of</strong> each sample has been<br />
performed using concentric cylinder. Samples resulting from the mixing experiments have been<br />
analyzed for major elements, and compared to natural data.<br />
Experimental results indicate that efficient physical and chemical mixing between the<br />
end-members can occur (despite the high viscosity ratio, <strong>of</strong> the order <strong>of</strong> 103 ). This interaction<br />
produced a strong modulation <strong>of</strong> compositional variability leading to the a partial extinction<br />
<strong>of</strong> the basalt and to significant variations in the rhyolite <strong>with</strong> the prodution <strong>of</strong> a continuous<br />
geochemical mixing trend. Inter-elemental plots display a clear similarity to the compositional<br />
variability <strong>of</strong> natural samples indicating that magma mixing may have played a role to the<br />
compositional variability in the SRP magmatism.<br />
42-8 BTH 17 Kueppers, Ulrich<br />
VOLCANIC ASH: AN AGENT IN EARTH SYSTEMS<br />
KUEPPERS, Ulrich1 , CIMARELLI, Corrado1 , DELMELLE, Pierre2 , LAVALLÉE, Yan1 ,<br />
TADDEUCCI, Jacopo3 , and DINGWELL, Donald B. 1 , (1) Earth & Environmental Sciences,<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, Munich, 80333, Germany, ulli@<br />
min.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Environment Department, University <strong>of</strong> York, York, YO105DD,<br />
England, (3) Istituto Nazionale di Ge<strong>of</strong>isica e Volcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata, 605,<br />
Rome, 00143, Italy<br />
Volcanic eruptions are an unavoidable natural hazard and their impact can be local, regional as<br />
well as global depending on the eruptive style. Ash particles are a common product <strong>of</strong> volcanic<br />
eruptions. Upon transport and deposition, ash poses a range <strong>of</strong> hazards to human and animal<br />
health, air traffic, infrastructure (e.g., power blackout, building collapse) and agriculture over<br />
variable time scales.<br />
Ash is a descriptive and non-genetic term. Ash refers to a grain size <strong>of</strong> particles (< 2 mm)<br />
that can be generated by primary processes such as 1) bubble burst due to gas expansion,<br />
2) magma rupture at high shear rates, 3) abrasion from friction and collision, 4) magma-water<br />
interaction, 5) crystal disintegration, and modified during transport. Such processes concur in<br />
determining the role <strong>of</strong> volcanic ash as an important agent in Earth systems. Understanding<br />
the generation <strong>of</strong> ash is vital to hazard assessment. Our knowledge and understanding <strong>of</strong> the<br />
changes to or due to volcanic ash after its generation are rudimentary. Here, we present an<br />
overview <strong>of</strong> the processes volcanic ash is exposed to or catalysing.<br />
42-9 BTH 18 Kueppers, Ulrich<br />
THE VULKAN IN WAAKIRCHEN: VOLCANO MONITORING MEETS EXPERIMENTAL<br />
VOLCANOLOGY<br />
KUEPPERS, Ulrich1 , ALATORRE-IBARGÜENGOITIA, Miguel A. 1 , HORT, Matthias2 ,<br />
KREMERS, Simon B. 1 , MEIER, Kristina2 , SCARLATO, Piergiorgio3 , SCHEU, Bettina1 ,<br />
TADDEUCCI, Jacopo3 , and DINGWELL, Donald B. 1 , (1) Earth & Environmental Sciences,<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, Munich, 80333, Germany, ulli@<br />
min.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Institute <strong>of</strong> Geophysics, University <strong>of</strong> Hamburg, Hamburg,<br />
20146, Germany, (3) Istituto Nazionale di Ge<strong>of</strong>isica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata,<br />
605, Rome, 00143, Italy<br />
Volcanic eruptions are an inevitable natural threat. The range <strong>of</strong> eruptive styles is large and<br />
short term fluctuations <strong>of</strong> explosivity or vent position pose a large risk that is not necessarily<br />
confined to the immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> a volcano. Explosive eruptions rather may also affect<br />
aviation, infrastructure and climate, regionally as well as globally. Multi-parameter monitoring<br />
networks are deployed on many active volcanoes to record signs <strong>of</strong> magmatic processes and<br />
help elucidate the secrets <strong>of</strong> volcanic phenomena.<br />
However, our mechanistic understanding <strong>of</strong> many processes hiding in recorded signals<br />
is still poor. As a direct consequence, a solid interpretation <strong>of</strong> the state <strong>of</strong> a volcano is still a<br />
challenge. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we combined volcanic monitoring and experimental<br />
volcanology. We performed field-based experiments and recorded them <strong>with</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
scientific instruments, namely 1) Doppler Radar (DR), 2) high-speed and high-definition<br />
cameras, 3) acoustic and infrasound sensors, 4) pressure transducers, and 5) electrically<br />
conducting wires. The experiments were performed at controlled sample porosity (25 to 75<br />
vol.%) and size (60 mm height and 25 mm and 60 mm diameter, respectively), confinement<br />
geometry, and applied pressure (4 to 18 MPa) and temperature (25 and 850 °C). During the<br />
experiments, we fragmented cylindrical samples <strong>of</strong> several volcanoes, drilled from natural<br />
volcanic rock samples.<br />
We present how the velocity <strong>of</strong> the ejected pyroclasts was measured by and evaluated for<br />
the different approaches and how it was affected by the experimental conditions and sample<br />
characteristics. We show that all deployed instruments successfully measured the pyroclast<br />
ejection, giving coherent results <strong>of</strong> up to 130 m/s. This is a very encouraging result and <strong>of</strong><br />
paramount importance as it pro<strong>of</strong>s the applicability <strong>of</strong> these independent methods to volcano<br />
monitoring. Each method by itself may enhance our understanding <strong>of</strong> the pressurisation state<br />
<strong>of</strong> a volcano, an essential factor in ballistic hazard evaluation and eruption energy estimation.<br />
Munich, Germany A63<br />
Wednesday
SESSION NO. 42<br />
42-10 BTH 19 Douillet, Guilhem Amin<br />
CROSS STRATIFICATIONS IN DEPOSITS OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS<br />
DOUILLET, Guilhem Amin 1 , KUEPPERS, Ulrich 1 , and DINGWELL, Donald B. 2 ,<br />
(1) Mineralogy, LMU, Theresienstrasse 41/III, Muenchen, 80333, Germany, g.douillet@<br />
min.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, Theresienstrasse<br />
41/III, Muenchen, 80333, Germany<br />
Pyroclastic density currents (PDC) are one <strong>of</strong> the most hazardous phenomena occurring during<br />
explosive volcanic eruptions, having caused thousands <strong>of</strong> fatalities. They are composed <strong>of</strong><br />
a hot mixture <strong>of</strong> volcanic rock fragments supported by interstitial turbulent gas. Such density<br />
currents are produced during explosive eruptions and travel down the flanks <strong>of</strong> the volcanic<br />
edifice at high velocities (100s km/h) to distances <strong>of</strong> up to tens <strong>of</strong> kilometres. Due to their<br />
destructive nature, in situ observation by means <strong>of</strong> scientific instruments is impossible and our<br />
understanding is based on the study <strong>of</strong> the deposits.<br />
Dune bedforms produced by dilute PDCs are a common feature in deposits <strong>of</strong> explosive<br />
volcanic eruptions. They show a wide range <strong>of</strong> shape, dimension, grain size distribution, and<br />
internal structure. These characteristics represent a key for the understanding <strong>of</strong> the flow<br />
dynamics <strong>of</strong> PDCs. We present a dataset <strong>of</strong> dune bedforms from Tungurahua (Ecuador),<br />
Laacher See (Germany), Ubehebe (USA), and Stromboli (Italy) volcanoes.<br />
The internal structures usually show aggradation on both stoss (facing current) and lee<br />
(downstream) sides, indicating very strong sedimentation rates. Stoss and lee side angles<br />
can vary significantly, from less than 10º to 40º, probably being related to the current velocity.<br />
Low angle constructional bedforms resemble hummocky cross-stratifications (marine storm<br />
deposits) and structures deposited from turbidity currents (usually interpreted as antidunes).<br />
Lenses aggradated on the stoss side <strong>of</strong> obstacles or layers showing a local increase in<br />
thickness have usually been interpreted as chute and pool structures, related to sudden<br />
decrease in flow velocity (hydraulic jumps). An evolution <strong>of</strong> the size as well as outer shape<br />
<strong>of</strong> the bedforms is observed, <strong>with</strong> elongate, transverse, lunate, or periodic morphologies,<br />
providing insights on the flow dynamics.<br />
The flow and depositional conditions during PDCs are still poorly constrained. From thorough<br />
field work, we inferred the qualitative evolution <strong>of</strong> flow behavior. Further field campaigns,<br />
laboratory experiments, and creation <strong>of</strong> a physical framework are needed to understand the<br />
genesis <strong>of</strong> dune bedforms produced by PDCs and access quantitative information on flow<br />
conditions for a better hazard assessment.<br />
42-11 BTH 20 Scheu, Bettina<br />
CONSTRAINING VOLCANIC ERUPTION DYNAMICS BY MAGMA FRAGMENTATION<br />
EXPERIMENTS<br />
SCHEU, Bettina1 , KUEPPERS, Ulrich2 , and DINGWELL, Donald B. 1 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Theresienstrasse<br />
41/III, Munich, 80333, Germany, b.scheu@lmu.de, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Mineralogy, Ludwig<br />
Maximilians University, Theresienstrasse 41/III, Munich, 80333, Germany<br />
Driven by the rising importance <strong>of</strong> hazard and risk management that demands reliable and<br />
quantitative predictions <strong>of</strong> volcanic processes, the investigation <strong>of</strong> volcanic eruptions is<br />
becoming systematic, quantitative and rigorous. The scientific study <strong>of</strong> volcanic phenomena<br />
cannot rely solely on field data, as direct observations <strong>of</strong> eruption processes in the field<br />
are limited by the very nature <strong>of</strong> the events. Thus innovative laboratory experiments play an<br />
increasingly important role in volcano research, to explore novel phenomena and to perform<br />
systematic investigations <strong>of</strong> volcanic processes.<br />
Magma fragmentation is one <strong>of</strong> the key processes <strong>of</strong> explosive volcanism, and can be<br />
studied by laboratory experiments using varying analogue materials and natural magma.<br />
We have performed rapid decompression experiments on a broad range <strong>of</strong> natural magmas.<br />
The experiments were carried out <strong>with</strong> a shock-tube like apparatus (20-900°C, 0.1-40 MPa)<br />
designed by Alidibirov and Dingwell (1996) and subsequently modified to tackle a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
open questions (e.g. Scheu et al. 2008). We could determine the threshold pressure required<br />
to achieve fragmentation as inversely proportional to the pore fraction (Spieler, et al., 2004).<br />
Further we gained information on the speed <strong>of</strong> fragmentation (Scheu, et al., 2006), the<br />
permeability <strong>of</strong> eruptive products (Mueller, et al., 2005), and the influence <strong>of</strong> permeability on<br />
fragmentation (Mueller et al. 2008) as well as the efficiency <strong>of</strong> fragmentation (Kueppers, et<br />
al., 2006). Recently a transparent autoclave and ejection chamber enabled us to monitor the<br />
fragmentation process and particle ejection <strong>with</strong> high-speed videos (Alatorre et al. 2011).<br />
This enhanced understanding <strong>of</strong> the mechanisms <strong>of</strong> magmatic fragmentation and their<br />
underlying physics allow insights into processes during explosive volcanism and their<br />
characteristic size distribution <strong>of</strong> the ejected tephra.<br />
42-12 BTH 21 Scolamacchia, Teresa<br />
GETTING INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS OF PARTICLES ACCELERATION<br />
FOLLOWING SHOCK WAVES PROPAGATION<br />
SCOLAMACCHIA, Teresa, SCHEU, B.E., ALATORRE, Miguel Sr, and DINGWELL,<br />
Donald B., Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians<br />
Universität, Theresienstrasse 41/III, München, 80333, Germany, scolamacchia@<br />
min.uni-muenchen.de<br />
The hazard <strong>of</strong> shock waves generated during volcanic eruptions is underrepresented in risk<br />
assessment. The finding <strong>of</strong> a steel pole impacted by ash particles at velocities up to 980 m/s, in<br />
an active volcanic area (Scolamacchia and Schouwenaars, 2009), suggested that shock waves<br />
could be able to accelerate the particles due to their efficient coupling <strong>with</strong> a gas phase.<br />
We are investigating the mechanisms responsible for particles acceleration following shock<br />
waves generation.<br />
We used a shock tube consisting <strong>of</strong> a high-pressure (HP) steel autoclave (450 mm long,<br />
28 mm in diameter), pressurized <strong>with</strong> argon, and a low-pressure (LP) 140 mm long acrylic<br />
glass autoclave, <strong>with</strong> the same internal diameter <strong>of</strong> the HP reservoir. Shock waves were<br />
generated by the sudden decompression <strong>of</strong> Ar at atmospheric pressures through the failure <strong>of</strong><br />
a diaphragm.<br />
Experiments were performed <strong>with</strong> analogue particles (C-fibers and glass beads) <strong>of</strong> different<br />
sizes (150-500 microns), suspended inside the LP autoclave, or at different distances from the<br />
nozzle exit, at P /P ratios between 150:1 and 180:1. The condensation front associated <strong>with</strong><br />
res amb<br />
the shock wave propagation was recorded <strong>with</strong> a high-speed camera (30,000 to 50,000 fps)<br />
and piezoelectric sensors. This front attained a maximum velocity <strong>of</strong> 788 m/s, which is in<br />
the range <strong>of</strong> velocities <strong>of</strong> ash impacts on the original steel pole, and decreased to 524 m/s<br />
at distances <strong>of</strong> 0.5 ±0.2 cm. Following the condensation front, C-fibers up to 210 microns<br />
exhibited large accelerations, <strong>with</strong> velocities that vary from few tens <strong>of</strong> m/s up to 479 (±0.5)<br />
m/s, at distances <strong>of</strong> 1.5 (±0.3) cm, in times <strong>of</strong> 0.1 ms. This drag did not occur for 500 microns<br />
glass beads, which were displaced only later by Ar gas exhausting from the system.<br />
These results agree <strong>with</strong> other experimental and theoretical studies on gas- particle coupling.<br />
Nevertheless, other mechanisms for particles acceleration still have to be explored.<br />
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for particles acceleration in the presence <strong>of</strong><br />
shock waves, as well as the temporal and spatial scale at which they occur, will contribute to<br />
improve our current knowledge on the hazard related to these phenomena.<br />
A64 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
42-13 BTH 22 Smith, Rosanna<br />
INSIGHTS INTO MAGMA FRAGMENTATION FROM ACOUSTIC EMISSION MONITORING<br />
OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS<br />
SMITH, Rosanna1 , SCHEU, B.E. 1 , KUEPPERS, Ulrich2 , LAVALLÉE, Yan1 , BENSON,<br />
Philip3 , and DINGWELL, Donald B. 1 , (1) Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental<br />
Sciences, LMU München, Theresienstraße, 41/III, München, 80333, Germany, smith@<br />
min.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Department <strong>of</strong> Mineralogy, LMU München, Theresienstraße,<br />
41/III, Muenchen, 80333, Germany, (3) ETH, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland<br />
Rapid decompression <strong>of</strong> magma during ascent leads to fragmentation <strong>of</strong> the magma and<br />
gas propelled ejection <strong>of</strong> the fragments. These volcanic explosions generate distinctive<br />
earthquakes, whilst propelling hazardous ash particles into the atmosphere. The fragmentation<br />
process can be studied in the laboratory through pressurisation <strong>of</strong> a magma sample in a<br />
shock-tube apparatus, which is then rapidly depressurised to atmospheric pressure. The<br />
initial applied pressure required to induce fragmentation <strong>of</strong> different magmas during this rapid<br />
depressurisation reveals the pressure drop required to fragment them. The size distribution <strong>of</strong><br />
the fragmented particles, which is analysed after these experiments, is related to the surface<br />
energy used to generate these fragments.<br />
Here, we conduct rapid depressurisation experiments on phonolitic magmas whilst recording<br />
acoustic emissions (AE). AE are elastic waves transmitted through solid media; a laboratory<br />
analogue to earthquakes. Complete waveforms <strong>of</strong> the whole fragmentation process were<br />
recorded using an array <strong>of</strong> transducers connected to the sample via metal waveguides. This<br />
allowed us to locate the initiation <strong>of</strong> the fragmentation process, and to determine the energy,<br />
frequency content, and amplitude <strong>of</strong> different stages <strong>of</strong> the process. Experiments were<br />
conducted <strong>with</strong> pressure drops that induced full fragmentation, partial fragmentation, and no<br />
fragmentation <strong>of</strong> the magma samples; in addition to experiments <strong>with</strong> excess pressure to that<br />
required for fragmentation. The energies <strong>of</strong> the recorded AE correlate <strong>with</strong> the energy stored<br />
in the pore space prior to fragmentation and to the fragmentation energy calculated from<br />
the resulting particle sizes. These results are compared to volcanic explosion earthquakes,<br />
revealing details <strong>of</strong> how characteristics <strong>of</strong> these earthquakes are linked to different aspects <strong>of</strong><br />
the fragmentation process and ash generation.<br />
42-14 BTH 23 de Biasi, Lea J.<br />
NEW APPLICATION FOR EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF CRYSTALLIZATION ON<br />
MAGMA RHEOLOGY<br />
DE BIASI, Lea J., CHEVREL, Magdalena O., HANSON, Jonathan B., HESS, Kai-Uwe,<br />
LAVALLÉE, Yan, and DINGWELL, Donald B., Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental<br />
Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41/III, Munich, 80333,<br />
Germany, lea-de-biasi@gmx.net<br />
Viscosity strongly influences the rheological behavior <strong>of</strong> magmas, which is a key determinant<br />
<strong>of</strong> magma transport process and volcanic eruption style. Understanding the factors controlling<br />
viscosity is important in terms <strong>of</strong> characterizing risks posed by active volcanoes and forecasting<br />
hazards. Natural magmas can show a very wide range in viscosity, from 10 1 – 1014 Pa s,<br />
depending on composition, temperature, volatile content and crystal fraction. In particular, the<br />
suspended crystal fraction can induce a significant increase in viscosity through crystal-crystal<br />
interaction and complex flow dynamics <strong>of</strong> the melt.<br />
Here, we test the relative viscosity increase induced by crystallization <strong>of</strong> natural andesitic<br />
(57 wt.% SiO ) and basaltic (48 wt.% SiO ) melts, using the method developed by Vona (2011)<br />
2 2<br />
for the concentric cylinder apparatus. The viscosity is investigated for each sample (1) above<br />
its liquidus temperature (1400 °C) and (2) at sub-liquidus conditions. For each temperature<br />
increment, thermal equilibrium is achieved over a period <strong>of</strong> days under constant stirring.<br />
Simultaneous monitoring <strong>of</strong> the torque is used to calculate the apparent viscosity <strong>of</strong> the<br />
suspension. After the experiment, the mineralogical assemblage, the crystal fraction and the<br />
preferential crystal alignment are quantitatively analyzed.<br />
At temperatures below the liquidus, all melts show a continuous increase <strong>of</strong> relative shear<br />
viscosity due to increases in crystal fraction. First, at a given sub-liquidus temperature, small,<br />
equant oxides crystallize, causing a slight increase in viscosity. After some delay, crystallization<br />
<strong>of</strong> large, tabular plagioclase begins, inducing a much larger asymptotic increase in apparent<br />
viscosity until equilibration is achieved. Furthermore, a decrease in strain rates results in an<br />
increase in viscosity, evidencing the non-Newtonian character <strong>of</strong> the magmatic suspension.<br />
At lower sub-liquidus temperatures, additional crystallization is promoted <strong>with</strong> amplified<br />
rheological consequences. In conclusion, these experiments indicate that natural intermediate<br />
and basic magmas undergo significant rheological changes at the onset <strong>of</strong> crystallization,<br />
which deserve consideration in magma migration models.<br />
42-15 BTH 24 Wiesmaier, Sebastian<br />
DEVELOPMENT OF SHEAR ZONES IN CRYSTAL-BEARING MAGMAS: EVIDENCE FROM<br />
HIGH-RESOLUTION NEUTRON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY<br />
WIESMAIER, Sebastian1 , HESS, Kai-Uwe1 , LAVALLÉE, Yan1 , FLAWS, Asher1 ,<br />
SCHILLINGER, Burkhard2 , and DINGWELL, Donald B. 1 , (1) Dept. Earth and<br />
Environmental Science, LMU Munich, Theresienstrasse 41 III, Munich, 80333, Germany,<br />
sebastian.wiesmaier@min.uni-muenchen.de, (2) Forschungsreaktor FRM-II, Technische<br />
Universität München, Garching, 85747, Germany<br />
During ascent and eruption, magma/lava is subject to high stresses, which promote the<br />
localization <strong>of</strong> strain along shear zones. The complex flow dynamics <strong>of</strong> non-Newtonian crystalbearing<br />
lavas is, to date, poorly understood and deserves attention as it is the primary control<br />
on magma transport and ultimately, eruption style. Here, we combine strain-step deformation<br />
experiments on crystal-bearing magma to simultaneous acoustic emission monitoring and<br />
neutron computed tomography image analysis (between each strain step) to analyse the<br />
behaviour <strong>of</strong> the crystal phases as well as the development <strong>of</strong> fractures in shear zones.<br />
Acoustic emission and post-deformation optical analyses reveal that cracking is very<br />
important across the ductile-brittle transition. The deformation <strong>of</strong> magma in compression induce<br />
the development <strong>of</strong> shear zones at an angle ranging between 30 and 45° to the maximum<br />
stress field, depending on the applied stress and the ratio <strong>of</strong> ductile to brittle response. The<br />
crystals, in particular, appear to influence crack propagation and in some cases strong, intact<br />
crystals may deviate crack propagation. Moreover, there was a tendency for the plagioclase<br />
and amphibole crystals (in contrast to oxides or pyroxenes) to fragment during the deformation.<br />
At high stresses, macroscopic cracks propagated across crystals and cataclastic shear zones<br />
developed in which crystals were completely pulverized.<br />
Examination <strong>of</strong> the sequence <strong>of</strong> neutron computed tomograms allowed us to track in-situ the<br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> crystals and cracks during lava deformation. The shear zones are found to thin <strong>with</strong><br />
an increase in applied stress. Physically, the state <strong>of</strong> the crystals vary pr<strong>of</strong>oundly across the<br />
shear zones, which host variable amounts <strong>of</strong> cracks<br />
The evolution <strong>of</strong> shear zones <strong>with</strong>in the samples can be directly correlated <strong>with</strong> lava rheology<br />
across the ductile-brittle transition. This work aims to elaborate a deterministic model <strong>of</strong> failure,<br />
which may refine current volcanic eruption models.
42-16 BTH 25 Alatorre, Miguel<br />
VULCANIAN ERUPTIONS AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF BALLISTIC IMPACTS<br />
ALATORRE, Miguel Sr, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Munich, Theresienstrasse 41, Munich, 80333, Germany, alatorre@min.uni-muenchen.<br />
de, DINGWELL, Donald B., Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig<br />
Maximilians University, Theresienstrasse 41/III, Munich, 80333, Germany, and DELGADO-<br />
GRANADOS, Hugo, Instituto de Ge<strong>of</strong>ísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,<br />
Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico D.F, 04510, Mexico<br />
Vulcanian eruptions are frequent, short-lived explosions that are produced by rapid<br />
decompression <strong>of</strong> pressurized magma. These explosions <strong>of</strong>ten occur by the disruption <strong>of</strong><br />
a dense caprock plugging the vent, which originates ballistic projectiles that are ejected<br />
at high velocities and represent a common hazard associated to this kind <strong>of</strong> eruptions. In<br />
order to improve hazard assessment, we need a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the relationship<br />
between porosity, gas overpressure, ejection velocities and maximum range <strong>of</strong> the ballistic<br />
projectiles. We present a 1-D model <strong>of</strong> Vulcanian eruptions that considers the energy balance<br />
in decompression <strong>of</strong> a pressurized magma below a caprock, followed by fragmentation and<br />
acceleration <strong>of</strong> pyroclasts. We tested the model via fragmentation experiments at 850 °C and<br />
initial pressure (
SESSION NO. 43<br />
We found the analog modeling experiments very helpful to understand the nature <strong>of</strong> tectonic<br />
structures. The experimental work motivated us to go significantly beyond material discussed<br />
in class. During the writing process we gained essential scientific skills such as literature<br />
research, data processing and documentation. Based on our experience we highly recommend<br />
analog modeling as a teaching tool for undergraduate geology classes. The experiments<br />
require a laboratory <strong>with</strong> sandbox models, s<strong>of</strong>tware for data analysis and supervision. The<br />
analog models are not commercially available and need to be built. Experiments take a few<br />
hours. Data analysis and paper writing requires a semester-based 3-credit-hour class. The<br />
paper needs a clear framework, but also enough space for the student to work creatively and<br />
independently.<br />
We experienced analog modeling as an excellent way to learn the scientific method and<br />
deepen our understanding <strong>of</strong> tectonics. Therefore we would like to engage other students and<br />
geology instructors to introduce analog modeling into the scientific curriculum.<br />
43-4 BTH 31 Gdaniec, P.<br />
THE INTERACTIVE “GEO-SCIENTIFIC POTENTIALS OF THE GERMAN NORTH SEA”<br />
WEBSITE: A SKETCH OF A NEW APPROACH IN WEB PUBLICATION OF GEO-SCIENTIFIC<br />
INFORMATION<br />
BARTSCH, H.-U. 1 , GDANIEC, P. 2 , STEININGER, A. 1 , LINKE, V. 1 , HEINEKE, J. 1 , and<br />
ASCH, K. 2 , (1) Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG), Hannover, 30655,<br />
Germany, (2) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover,<br />
30655, Germany, Pawel.Gdaniec@bgr.de<br />
The “Geo-scientific Potentials <strong>of</strong> the German North Sea” project (GPDN) provides a large<br />
number <strong>of</strong> geo-scientific, North Sea-related products like e.g. various thematic geological maps<br />
or 3D-models. The products and geologic framework information will be presented online via<br />
the interactive GPDN-website.<br />
Although there are numerous different browser-related geo-information systems, the<br />
presentation <strong>of</strong> geospatial data and products still seems limited to just a few expositiontypes<br />
like e.g. web services (WMS, WFS) or online map servers, which mostly focus on the<br />
presentation <strong>of</strong> spatial data <strong>with</strong>out interpretation or explanation.<br />
The interactive GPDN-website tries to close this gap showing and explaining the “whole<br />
picture” <strong>of</strong> the geology <strong>of</strong> the researched area, <strong>with</strong> the emphasis on a user friendly<br />
presentation and connection between descriptive text content and related data, products<br />
(e.g. maps, 3D-models), films and other media.<br />
For this purpose the GPDN-website will use new designed, intelligent web controls which<br />
are able to display the different data types and connect them <strong>with</strong> appropriate explanatory text<br />
content. The connection between the web controls will be accomplished through an intelligent<br />
message system which interprets user requests (interactions <strong>with</strong> the website) and navigates<br />
him to adequate website contents.<br />
On the basis <strong>of</strong> a geological map this presentation gives an outlook on the future functionality<br />
<strong>of</strong> the interactive website and demonstrate possible connections to other data types using the<br />
new designed web controls and their message system.<br />
43-5 BTH 32 Engelbrecht, Hubert<br />
THE HOELLENTAL MUSEUM (DISTRICT GARMISCH-PARTENKIRCHEN, S-BAVARIA,<br />
GERMANY)<br />
ENGELBRECHT, Hubert, Heßstraße 96, Munich, 80797, Germany, hubertengelbrecht@<br />
umweltgeol-he.de and SCHWARZ, Peter J., Kreuzeckweg 18, Grainau, 82491, Germany<br />
The Hoellental - a steep alpine valley measuring 8km in its longitudinal direction - is present in<br />
the NW-part <strong>of</strong> the Wetterstein Mountains. In the lower part <strong>of</strong> this valley, a deep stepped gorge<br />
(Hoellentalklamm) - at the bottom only a few meters narrow - accomodates the unbalanced<br />
passage between a high-lying valley (Hoellentalanger) and the erosion base (Loisach Valley).<br />
The gorge was registered as geosite by the Bavarian <strong>Geological</strong> Survey in 1993. During an<br />
evaluation in 2007, the criteria rarity and regional importance qualified it as valuable geological<br />
object. In 2010, the Alpine Club Garmisch-Partenkirchen and the History Club “Bear and Lily”<br />
<strong>of</strong> Grainau decided to establish the Hoellental Museum, close to the lower entrance (1020m<br />
a.s.l.) <strong>of</strong> the gorge.<br />
The Hoellental Museum opened on July-01-2011. Its scope is to inform about the geological<br />
and geomorphological history <strong>of</strong> the gorge (1), its public perception and the history <strong>of</strong> its<br />
exploration and opening up (2) as well as the productive phases <strong>of</strong> the historical mine<br />
Knappenhaeuser close to the gorge (3).<br />
1: The large Hoellental concavity originated at a major fracture zone, cut through the<br />
Wetterstein Limestone Formation: Late Anisian to Early Carnian deposits <strong>of</strong> tropical reefs and<br />
lagoons, which drowned during the Carnian Crisis. The deposits were deformed, thrusted<br />
northward and uplifted during the Tertiary after closure <strong>of</strong> the Alpine Tethys. Export <strong>of</strong> several<br />
km³ <strong>of</strong> particulate matter was accomplished by gravitative, fluvial and - since 2,6 Ma - also by<br />
glacial processes. The fact that the natural fall increased down-valley, tractive forces diminished<br />
lateral and intensified vertical glacial erosion, which favoured the development <strong>of</strong> the gorge. In<br />
addition, karstification enhanced downward erosion.<br />
2: It is documented that Höllental was explored in the year 1622. Later on, foot-paths were<br />
prepared for mining work. In 1888 the gorge was bridged 73m above ground. The line <strong>of</strong><br />
construction <strong>with</strong> tunnels and staircases through the gorge was done by civil engineering<br />
between 1902-1905.<br />
3: Between 1827-1861 and 1907-1925, Knappenhaeuser (1520m a.s.l.) - one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
topographically highest historical mine <strong>of</strong> FRG - yielded galena, sphalerite and wulfenite.<br />
The source <strong>of</strong> the fault-bounded, redeposited ores probably represented the adjacent Raibl<br />
Boundary Layer.<br />
43-6 BTH 33 Loth, Georg<br />
BAVARIA’S 100 MOST BEAUTIFUL PLACES OF OUTSTANDING NATURAL BEAUTY<br />
(“GEOTOPES”) – A FIRST SUMMARY<br />
LOTH, Georg, Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Dienststelle H<strong>of</strong>, Hans-Högn-Straße<br />
12, H<strong>of</strong>/Saale, 95030, Germany, georg.loth@lfu.bayern.de and PÜRNER, Thomas,<br />
Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Dienststelle Marktredwitz, Leopoldtsraße 30,<br />
Marktredwitz, 95615, Germany<br />
Many people and particularly social and political decision-makers lack a sense <strong>of</strong> appreciation<br />
for nature’s treasures in front <strong>of</strong> their doorstep. They do not know about their impressing<br />
evolution, their scientific importance and that it is vital to protect them. Therefore, reasonable<br />
decision-making requires pr<strong>of</strong>ound understanding for the protection <strong>of</strong> the places <strong>of</strong><br />
outstanding natural beauty (“geotope”).<br />
In 1985, the former <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Bavaria provided the basis for the conservation<br />
<strong>of</strong> geotopes by establishing the “Geotope Register <strong>of</strong> Bavaria”. True to the motto “Experience<br />
Geology”, the Department <strong>of</strong> Environment has selected 100 geotopes that qualify for “Bavaria’s<br />
most beautiful geotopes” in order to raise public awareness for their conservation.<br />
Essential information on geotopes is provided online, in flyers and there is a uniformly<br />
designed information board on-site. Town councils and other sponsors commonly take care<br />
<strong>of</strong> the geotope. They are provided <strong>with</strong> an <strong>of</strong>ficial certificate by the Bavarian Environment<br />
Secretary during the opening ceremony <strong>of</strong> the geotope. The ceremonial act and accompanying<br />
press reports further attract people’s attention.<br />
A66 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
The geotopes have been selected according to their popularity and their equal distribution all<br />
over Bavaria. Sites such as waterfalls, isolated cliffs, stony troughs, basalt pillars etc. have been<br />
preferred to less attractive, yet scientifically interesting objects. This occasionally results in a<br />
conflict <strong>of</strong> interests as the selection is strictly limited to 100.<br />
By mid September 2011, the last one <strong>of</strong> the 100 most beautiful geotopes in Bavaria will be<br />
announced. But it even at this stage, the program’s acceptance is beyond expectation. When<br />
the project started in 2001, activities such as geocaching (a GPS-based orienteering outdoor<br />
activity) were not known, but nowadays, they additionally enhance the geotopes’ popularity.<br />
Concluding, the concept <strong>of</strong> “Bavaria’s most beautiful geotopes” has proven to be hugely<br />
successful.<br />
43-7 BTH 34 Felzmann, Dirk<br />
EARTH LEARNING IDEAS FOR GERMAN SCHOOLS<br />
FELZMANN, Dirk, Institute for Science Education - Geography Education, Leibniz<br />
University, Hannover 30173 Germany, felzmann@didageo.uni-hannover.de<br />
Earth Learning Ideas is a collection <strong>of</strong> ideas for teaching geoscience issues at school. Around<br />
100 ideas are published already. Every month, a new idea is developed. The ideas allow a lot<br />
<strong>of</strong> students activity, need only common materials, focus on central geoscience topics and foster<br />
metacognition skills.<br />
The ideas are developed mainly by the University Keele, United Kingdom, under the<br />
guidance <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>. Chris King, Peter Kennett and Thomas McGuire. International geoscientists<br />
support this work.<br />
The ideas are published in English language. They are publicly available by internet: www.<br />
earthlearning.com. So far there are translations into Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Norwegian,<br />
Chinese (Mandarin). Most <strong>of</strong> the work is done by voluntary effort. The whole project is<br />
supported by the International Geoscience Education Organisation (IGEO).<br />
The Leibniz University <strong>of</strong> Hannover (department for geography education) and the Georg-<br />
Eckert-Institute for International School Textbook Research, Braunschweig, coordinate the<br />
translation into German. So far, 25 ideas are translated and accessible for german teachers.<br />
Support for translating single ideas is very welcome. Especially geoscientists could contribute<br />
to make geoscience topics more attractive and comprehensible to german students by<br />
translating one or more ideas. Every idea consists <strong>of</strong> two DINA 4 pages and needs 2-4 hours<br />
for translating.<br />
The poster will explain the structure <strong>of</strong> the Ideas (content and didactics), will present some<br />
translated ideas and will call for support by translating the ideas.<br />
43-8 BTH 35 Huch, Monika<br />
JOINT ACTIVITIES “ROCK OF THE YEAR”<br />
HUCH, Monika, Lindenring 6, Adelheidsdorf, 29352, Germany, mfgeo@t-online.de and<br />
GEIßLER, Lutz<br />
The “Rock <strong>of</strong> the Year” is proclamed since 2007 in a joint activity by BDG Berufsverband<br />
Deutscher Geowissenschaftler (Association <strong>of</strong> German Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Geoscientists) and DGG<br />
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (German <strong>Society</strong> for Geosciences). The activity<br />
is aimed at promoting geosciences to the public and to strengthen the awareness <strong>of</strong> the rocks<br />
around us and beneath our feet in its complete function - from landscape building up to its use<br />
for human societies.<br />
The rock <strong>of</strong> the year 2011 - the tuff - were proclamed to the public by joint activities, which<br />
include press releases, webpage and <strong>of</strong>ficial presentation. In addition, many active groups and<br />
institutions picked up the rock <strong>of</strong> the year 2011 for individual activities. The oral presentation will<br />
focus on these joint activities.<br />
43-9 BTH 36 Huch, Monika<br />
THE GEOLOGICAL CALENDAR<br />
HUCH, Monika, Lindenring 6, Adelheidsdorf 29352 Germany, mfgeo@t-online.de<br />
Since 2002, the “Year <strong>of</strong> Geosciences” in Germany, the <strong>Geological</strong> Calendar is published and<br />
distributed by the DGG Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (German <strong>Society</strong> for<br />
Geosiences). The specialty <strong>of</strong> the calendar are the explanations <strong>of</strong> the phenomena illustrated<br />
on the monthly pictures at the reverse side <strong>of</strong> each monthly sheet. The calendar is prepared<br />
not only for geoscientists but especially for anybody who is interested in the whole spectrum <strong>of</strong><br />
geosciences. The themes <strong>of</strong> the calendars range from “The Polar Regions” up to “Coasts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Earth”. Some aspects <strong>of</strong> the calenders regarding public outreach are presented.<br />
SESSION NO. 44, 08:30<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
T8D. State <strong>of</strong> the Art in <strong>Geological</strong> Mapping at<br />
Research Institutions, the Military, and <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Surveys (Posters)<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,<br />
Poster Hall P3 (1st floor hallway)<br />
44-1 BTH 37 Foyle, Anthony M.<br />
LIDAR MAPPING OF SHORT-TERM BLUFF RECESSION, LAKE ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA,<br />
USA: ROLES OF BLUFF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GROUNDWATER FLUX<br />
FOYLE, Anthony M., PLUTA, Matthew J., and NABER, Michael D., School <strong>of</strong> Science,<br />
Penn State Erie - The Behrend College, 4205 College Drive, Erie, PA 16563, amf11@<br />
psu.edu<br />
Coastal bluff retreat is a common problem along the world’s unconsolidated coastlines. On<br />
the North <strong>America</strong>n Great Lakes coast <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania, Quaternary clay-rich glacial till and<br />
sandy strandplain sequences overlie Devonian bedrock. Subaerial and lacustrine erosional<br />
processes cause permanent coastal land loss at spatially variable rates. This is <strong>of</strong> concern to<br />
environmental agencies because land-use planning should account for spatial and temporal<br />
variability in land-loss rates, and because bluff erosion contributes to temporary degradation in<br />
coastal water quality. The goal <strong>of</strong> this pilot study is to evaluate spatial variability in bluff retreat<br />
rates along a sector <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania’s short Great Lakes coast. High resolution LiDAR data<br />
covering a one-decade time frame (1998-2007) permit bluff-crest mapping on two comparable<br />
data sets that capture change <strong>with</strong>in a timeframe similar to planning intervals. Short-term<br />
recession analysis can be more useful, cost-effective, and accurate than long-term analyses<br />
that use lower-resolution field measurements, T-sheets, and historical aerial photography.<br />
Bluffs along the 20 km coastal study site consist <strong>of</strong> up to 26 m <strong>of</strong> unlithified Quaternary<br />
sediments overlying a 1-4 m ledge <strong>of</strong> sub-horizontal Devonian shale and sandstone. Bluff
slopes range from 20-90 degrees, beaches are narrow or absent, and the bluffs are seasonally<br />
shielded by ground-freeze and lake ice. DEMs, hillshades, and slope and contour maps were<br />
generated from bare-earth 1998 and 2007 LiDAR data, and checked against 2005 aerial<br />
ortho-photography. Maps were analyzed at a scale <strong>of</strong> 1:120 in ArcGIS and the bluff crest was<br />
identified primarily by the visual-break-in-slope method. Rates <strong>of</strong> bluff retreat derived using<br />
DSAS vary from unresolvable to as much as 2.2 m/yr, averaging less than 0.25 m/yr which<br />
is consistent <strong>with</strong> known long-term rates. In general, bluffs retreat relatively linearly where<br />
glacial till dominates the bluff stratigraphy, while along high-elevation strandplain-capped bluff<br />
sections, rotational earth slumps (
SESSION NO. 45<br />
SESSION NO. 45, 14:00<br />
Wednesday, 7 September 2011<br />
T8B. Current and Future Geodetic Satellite Missions<br />
and Their Applications to Geology<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, A 015<br />
45-1 14:00 Hackl, Matthias<br />
STRAIN RATE PATTERNS FROM GPS AT CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES<br />
HACKL, Matthias, Department <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, Munich,<br />
80333, Germany, hackl@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de, BACHTADSE, Valerian, Earth and<br />
Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Theresienstrasse 41, Munich,<br />
80333, Germany, and HUGENTOBLER, Urs, Institute for Astronomical and Physical<br />
Geodesy, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80333, Germany<br />
Satellite based geodetic measurements like GPS provide an outstanding tool to measure<br />
crustal motions. They are widely used to derive geodetic velocity models that are applied in<br />
geodynamics to determine rotations <strong>of</strong> tectonic blocks, to localize active geological features,<br />
and to estimate rheological properties <strong>of</strong> the crust and the underlying asthenosphere.<br />
We used GPS velocities to derive the 2d strain rate tensor in continental collision zones<br />
like the Kyrgyz Tien Shan and the Alps. A tensor analysis provides strain rate characteristics<br />
like dilatation and shear strain rates. These results can be used to set up realistic rheological<br />
models and are <strong>of</strong> importance in the seismic hazard assessment. A novelty <strong>of</strong> our approach<br />
is the determination <strong>of</strong> confidence intervals for the strain rate tensor. So we assessed the<br />
uncertainties <strong>of</strong> the position measurements, their impact on the velocity estimates, as well as<br />
the effect <strong>of</strong> site distribution on the continuous strain rate tensor.<br />
45-2 14:15 Nankali, Hamid Reza<br />
IRANIAN PERMANENT GPS NETWORK AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO CRUSTAL<br />
DEFORMATION MONITORING AND MODELING<br />
NANKALI, Hamid Reza, Geodesy and Geodynamics, National Cartographic Center <strong>of</strong><br />
Iran, Tehran, 13185-1684, Iran, nankali@ncc.org.ir and TAVAKOLI, Farokh, Tehran,<br />
13185-1684, Iran<br />
A dense and wide permanent GPS station network has been established in Iran (Tabriz-<br />
Tehran-Mashhad) and other active part <strong>of</strong> the country by National Cartographic Center <strong>of</strong><br />
Iran (NCC). Since first <strong>of</strong> the 2005 this network and is designed both for crustal deformation<br />
monitoring and to serve as a highly precise geodetic network in Iran and consist <strong>of</strong> 120<br />
permanent stations in first phase. Average distance between dense parts is about 25 to 30 km.<br />
Since we have collected about 5 year data, we estimated horizontal crustal displacement and<br />
velocity field <strong>with</strong> respect to the stable Eurasian plate.<br />
This new network will bring us more precise information on crustal information (shortening<br />
and strike-slip rate in Iran as horizontal movements, subsidence and uplift as vertical<br />
movements) and geophysical phenomena such as ionosphere disturbances and water vapor.<br />
45-3 14:30 Tabibi, Sajad<br />
CO-SEISMIC DEFORMATION OF THE SAN-SIMEON EARTHQUAKE BY USING HIGH RATE<br />
GPS DATA<br />
TABIBI, Sajad1 , M. HOSSAINALI, Masoud1 , and DJAMOUR, Yahya2 , (1) Geodesy<br />
and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University <strong>of</strong> Technology, 1346 Valiasr Street,<br />
Mirdamad Intersection, Tehran, 15433-19967, Iran, sajad.tabibi@gmail.com, (2) National<br />
Cartographic Center, Geomatics College, Azadi Sq., Meraj Av, Tehran, 13185-1684, Iran<br />
Better understanding <strong>of</strong> earthquakes primarily requires more accurate dynamic and kinematic<br />
models for fault rupture. There are several methods for ground motion detection; each <strong>of</strong><br />
them has its own advantages and limitations. The processes, needed for the estimation <strong>of</strong><br />
displacements by the seismic data, generally increase the noise. Accelerometers, for example,<br />
record the details <strong>of</strong> strong ground motion close to the earthquake source; however it is difficult<br />
to transform the measured accelerations into displacement. Broadband seismometers are<br />
more sensitive and more accurate than accelerometers but even those may be saturated or<br />
clipped in far distances from a large earthquake. InSAR observations can provide good spatial<br />
images <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the surface displacement components in the rupture area. It has, however,<br />
drawbacks in some regions, as the InSAR has no sufficient temporal resolution for the analysis<br />
<strong>of</strong> dynamic short period changes during an earthquake. Most <strong>of</strong> the GPS monitoring systems<br />
process the daily or hourly data in order to achieve the station coordinate <strong>with</strong> millimeter<br />
accuracy. But in warning systems, the temporal delay between the natural event and the act <strong>of</strong><br />
warning must be the least as much as possible. Increasingly more continuous GPS receivers,<br />
established primarily for geophysical studies, are now running in seismic frequencies such<br />
as 1-Hz. GPS seismology is the unexpected result <strong>of</strong> the geodetic networks which at first<br />
were established to measure the deformation <strong>of</strong> plates and tectonic plate boundaries. A GPS<br />
receiver can accurately measure the movements in the geological time scales (i.e. 1 mm/yr)<br />
and that <strong>of</strong> seismology (i.e. 500 mm/sec). In this paper, the shape <strong>of</strong> the seismic waves,<br />
obtained from thirteen GPS stations, being in 36 to 74kms <strong>of</strong> epicentral distances <strong>of</strong> San-<br />
Simeon Earthquake, 2003 are determined. The efficiency <strong>of</strong> the relative methods <strong>of</strong> positioning<br />
using high rate data has been analyzed, estimated co-seismic displacements have been<br />
validated using similar results obtained from the integration <strong>of</strong> seismic records.<br />
45-4 14:45 Eineder, Michael<br />
TOWARDS GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS FROM SAR SATELLITES<br />
EINEDER, Michael1 , CONG, Xiaoying2 , ADAM, Nico1 , MINET, Christian1 , and BAMLER,<br />
Richard1 , (1) Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und<br />
Raumfahrt (DLR), Münchner Strasse 20, Oberpfaffenh<strong>of</strong>en, Weßling, 82234, Germany,<br />
Michael.Eineder@dlr.de, (2) Lehrstuhl für Methodik der Fernerkundung, Technische<br />
Universität München, Arcisstr. 21, München, 80333, Germany<br />
In this talk we report on recent developments that may turn space borne imaging Synthetic<br />
Aperture Radar (SAR) systems into geodetic measurement devices. We highlight the<br />
differences between the well established SAR interferometry (InSAR) technique and newer<br />
high resolution image correlation techniques (HRICT). While SAR interferometry provides<br />
high relative spatial accuracy at the cost <strong>of</strong> ambiguity problems, HRICT performes absolute<br />
measurements at the cost <strong>of</strong> reduced accuracy.<br />
Different error sources such as orbital errors, atmospheric propagation, solid earth<br />
tides influence SAR and HRICT in different ways. In our talk we will also report on recent<br />
developments regarding the correction <strong>of</strong> the named error source using GPS stations and<br />
weather models.<br />
Our talk will be accompanied by examples from recent events such as the Japan earthquake<br />
from 11.3.2011.<br />
A68 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scales<br />
45-5 15:00 Gozalpour, Behnaz<br />
MONITORING OF LANDSLIDE DISPLACEMENT IN SEMIROM, IRAN, USING SAR<br />
INTERFEROMETRY<br />
GOZALPOUR, Behnaz, Geomatics, University <strong>of</strong> Isfahan, Tehran, 1475884813, Iran,<br />
bgozalpour@gmail.com and MOTAGH, Mahdi, Helmholtz Center Potsdam, Potsdam,<br />
14473, Germany<br />
Landslide is a geological phenomenon that is among the most catastrophic natural hazards<br />
in the world. Depending on their scales, landslides can cause heavy damages to human lives<br />
and infrastructure. This phenomenon occurs when the stability <strong>of</strong> slop changes from stable<br />
condition to an unstable condition. The major reason <strong>of</strong> landslide is the change in gravity and<br />
its intensity by factors such as ground water pressure, erosion caused by rivers, rain, lack <strong>of</strong><br />
vegetation cover, soil structure, vibration from machines, and etc… . Therefore, detection and<br />
monitoring <strong>of</strong> mass movement in susceptible areas may help mitigate hazards associated <strong>with</strong><br />
landsliding.<br />
Various ground-based geodetic methods such as GPS and leveling have been developed<br />
to assess landslide hazards. The main limitation <strong>of</strong> these methods is that they can’t provide<br />
continues map <strong>of</strong> deformation. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is widely<br />
used in recent decades to monitor movement <strong>of</strong> the ground surface associated <strong>with</strong> landslides,<br />
subsidence, earthquakes, volcanoes deformation, ice sheet and glacier movement. This<br />
technique relies on processing <strong>of</strong> two SAR images over the same area <strong>with</strong> a short baseline.<br />
The displacement is measured by calculating the phase difference between the two images<br />
acquired in the slant range geometry. The technique provides detailed maps <strong>of</strong> surface<br />
deformation <strong>with</strong> centimeter accuracy over wide areas (> 100 km2).<br />
Our data consist <strong>of</strong> 28 ASAR images, which were acquired by the Envisat satellite in both<br />
descending and ascending orbits. We examine the InSAR time-series technique <strong>of</strong> Small<br />
Baseline (SBAS) approach to derive the spatio-temporal characteristic <strong>of</strong> mass movement in<br />
Semirom.Field observations performed following this InSAR survey revealed that there were<br />
two important landslides in the area that are in the main road connecting the Semirom to the<br />
Yasoj: one stands on the north slope <strong>of</strong> the road and the other one is in the next curve <strong>of</strong> the<br />
road and stands on the south slop <strong>of</strong> it. As these landslides are on the hillside <strong>of</strong> the road, pose<br />
a serious threat to this infrastructure. Because the rain decrease in recent year in Semirom,<br />
The road haven’t been damage yet .So monitoring and measurement <strong>of</strong> these landslides in<br />
order to doing something for recompense is necessary.<br />
45-6 15:30 Motagh, Mahdi<br />
SATELLITE GEODETIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE COSEISMIC AND POSTSEISMIC<br />
DEFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2010 MW 7.1 DARFIELD AND 2011 MW 6.3<br />
CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKES IN NEW ZEALAND<br />
BEAVAN, John, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, 30368, New Zealand, MOTAGH, Mahdi,<br />
Helmholtz Center Potsdam, Potsdam, 14473, Germany, motagh@gfz-potsdam.de,<br />
SAMSONOV, Sergey, Ecgs, Walferdange, L-7256, Luxembourg, FIELDING, Eric J.,<br />
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, and<br />
CELENTANO, Andrea, E-GEOS, Rome, 00156, Italy<br />
This paper investigates coseismic and postseismic deformation associated <strong>with</strong> the September<br />
2010 Darfield and February 2011 Christchurch earthquakes in New Zealand using satellite<br />
geodetic observations. InSAR analyses <strong>of</strong> Envisat and ALOS are combined <strong>with</strong> high-quality<br />
campaign and continuous GPS data to constrain the rupture geometry and slip distribution <strong>of</strong><br />
the 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake. The inferred source model shows a very complex<br />
pattern involving rupture <strong>of</strong> multiple fault planes. The main rupture occurred on a previously<br />
unrecognized strike-slip Greendale Fault <strong>with</strong> as much as ~ 5 m <strong>of</strong> slip between depths <strong>of</strong> 3<br />
and 8 km. A number <strong>of</strong> other faults were also active during this event including a northeaststriking<br />
blind reverse fault near Charing Cross, coincident <strong>with</strong> the earthquake hypocenter,<br />
and another blind reverse fault west <strong>of</strong> the Greendale fault near Hororata. TerraSAR-X InSAR<br />
observations <strong>of</strong> postseismic deformation shows shallow deformation on the Charing Cross<br />
reverse fault and a small amount <strong>of</strong> afterslip on the Greendale Fault. For the 22 February 2011<br />
Christchurch earthquake, which is a large and late aftershock <strong>of</strong> the Darfield event, we utilized<br />
GPS together <strong>with</strong> X-band InSAR from Cosmo-Skymed and L-band InSAR from ALOS to<br />
investigate its source parameters. We find that the deformation pattern observed can be well<br />
explained by a slip on a single planar fault running into Christchurch city <strong>with</strong> a peak slip <strong>of</strong> ~<br />
2.5 m occurring at a depth <strong>of</strong> ~ 5 km. We report on postseismic deformation following this event<br />
analyzed by the integration <strong>of</strong> TerraSAR-X and GPS measurements.<br />
45-7 15:45 Pail, Roland<br />
GLOBAL GRAVITY FIELD MODELS DERIVED FROM GOCE AND COMPLEMENTARY<br />
GRAVITY FIELD DATA AND THEIR USE IN EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH<br />
PAIL, Roland1 , SCHUH, Wolf-Dieter2 , MAYER-GÜRR, Torsten3 , JÄGGI, Adrian4 ,<br />
MAIER, Andrea5 , FECHER, Thomas1 , and BROCKMANN, Jan Martin2 , (1) Institute for<br />
Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, TU München, Arcisstraße 21, München, 80333,<br />
Germany, pail@bv.tu-muenchen.de, (2) Bonn, 53115, (3) Graz, 8010, Austria, (4) Bern,<br />
3012, Switzerland, (5) Graz, 8042, Austria<br />
The launch <strong>of</strong> dedicated gravity satellite missions such as GRACE and GOCE has<br />
revolutionized our knowledge <strong>of</strong> the Earth’s gravity field. Since the gravity field reflects mass<br />
distribution and mass transport through the complex system Earth, a precise knowledge <strong>of</strong><br />
the global gravity field and its temporal variations is important for many disciplines <strong>of</strong> Earth<br />
science, such as solid Earth geophysics, oceanography, hydrology, glaciology, atmosphere and<br />
climate research.<br />
In 2002 the along-track satellite formation mission GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate<br />
Experiment) was launched into a near polar low Earth orbit. Since then, more than 8 years <strong>of</strong><br />
observations have been gathered, from which the global gravity field and its temporal variations<br />
for spatial wavelength up to 300 to 400 km could be derived. The GOCE satellite (Gravity Field<br />
and Steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) was successfully launched on 17 March 2009.<br />
GOCE is the first mission that observes direct functionals <strong>of</strong> the Earth gravity field from space.<br />
In this contribution, the status <strong>of</strong> global gravity field recovery shall be presented. In addition<br />
to pure GOCE-only models, which show the added value <strong>of</strong> GOCE, also combination models<br />
including GRACE and other satellite data shall be discussed and evaluated. In order to further<br />
increase the spatial resolution, apart from these satellite-only models also combined gravity<br />
field models, where the satellite gravity information is complemented <strong>with</strong> terrestrial gravity<br />
field and satellite altimetry data, shall be presented. The combination is performed consistently<br />
by addition <strong>of</strong> full normal equations and stochastic modeling <strong>of</strong> the individual data types.<br />
The model is validated against complementary global gravity field models und regional GPS/<br />
leveling observations.<br />
Additionally, the use <strong>of</strong> these new-generation global gravity field models for geophysics and<br />
geology, oceanography, and their contribution to monitor global changes processes will be<br />
discussed, and first results will be presented.
45-8 16:00 Peterseim, Nadja<br />
IMPACTS OF THERMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE ON DATA OF LOW ORBITING<br />
GEODETIC PRECISION SPACE MISSIONS<br />
PETERSEIM, Nadja, TU München, Institute for Astronomical and Physical Geodesy,<br />
Arcisstraße 21, München, 80333, Germany, nadja.peterseim@bv.tum.de and SCHLICHT,<br />
Anja, TU München, Forschungseinrichtung Satellitengeodäsie, Arcisstraße 21, München,<br />
80333, Germany<br />
Geodetic stellite gravity missions have increased accuracy from mission to mission over the<br />
past decade. For future gravity field missions a laser ranging instrument between two satellites,<br />
similar to GRACE’s (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) K-Band ranging system, is<br />
planned. This sets new requirements to the satellites Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS)<br />
as the satellites needs to be in a very specific attitude. Therefore, the external influence by<br />
Earth’ thermosphere and ionosphere onto geodetic Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites needs to<br />
be well known and determined.<br />
In our study we focus on these impacts <strong>of</strong> thermosphere and ionosphere onto GOCE<br />
(Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer). GOCE uses a gradiometer<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> 6 accelerometers, pairwise mounted on three perpendicular axes. This way not<br />
only linear accelerations can be observed, but also angular accelerations. Dominant angular<br />
accelerations can be observed in the polar region and around the magnetic equator. It can be<br />
shown that these rotations find their way into the gravity gradients (GG) determined by GOCE.<br />
We also want to describe these rotations and propose a way to reduce and/or eliminate them<br />
<strong>with</strong>in the GG via a modification <strong>of</strong> the inverse calibration matrices (ICMs), which are used for<br />
an optimal calibration <strong>of</strong> the gradiometer.<br />
Moreover, ionospheric and magnetical influences can also be found by analyzing disturbing<br />
signals, so-called ‘twangs’, <strong>with</strong>in GRACE accelerometer data. Analysis <strong>of</strong> these signatures<br />
reveal a temporal and spatial distribution.<br />
SESSION NO. 45<br />
45-9 16:15 Eineder, Michael<br />
TANDEM-L: A RADAR MISSION PROPOSAL TO CAPTURE EARTH DYNAMICS<br />
EINEDER, Michael1 , HAJNSEK, Irena2 , MOREIRA, Alberto2 , BAMLER, Richard1 ,<br />
KRIEGER, Gerhard2 , MINET, Christian1 , and DEZAN, Francesco2 , (1) Institut für Methodik<br />
der Fernerkundung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenh<strong>of</strong>en,<br />
82234, Germany, Michael.Eineder@dlr.de, (2) Microwaves and Radar Institute, Deutsches<br />
Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Münchner Str. 20, Oberpfaffenh<strong>of</strong>en, 82234,<br />
Germany<br />
Tandem-L is a proposal prepared by DLR and NASA for an L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar<br />
(SAR) mission to monitor important parameters <strong>of</strong> four different Earth spheres <strong>with</strong> different<br />
priorities.<br />
First priority:<br />
1. Geosphere: the mission shall perform weekly measurements at global geo-risk areas such<br />
as volcanoes, plate boundaries and landslide areas. Additionally, areas where anthropogenic<br />
surface changes are expected shall be monitored. Examples for the latter are groundwater<br />
extraction in cities or carbon capture and storage sites.<br />
2. Biosphere: the mission shall establish inventories <strong>of</strong> global forest heights and biomass and<br />
monitor the changes over 5 years.<br />
Second priority:<br />
3. Cryosphere: the mission shall capture sea ice extent, permafrost, glacier and ice cap<br />
dynamics.<br />
4. Hydrosphere: the mission shall perform measurements in different disciplines such as soil<br />
moisture, flooding and ocean currents.<br />
This contribution gives an overview over the mission. The presented goals and requirements<br />
will focus on geolocical applications (geosphere).<br />
Munich, Germany A69<br />
Wednesday
A<br />
Abdel Moneim, Ahmed 40-6<br />
Abe, Steffen 38-5<br />
Abutarruma, Yousef 38-8<br />
Adam, Nico 18-6, 45-4<br />
Adekoya, Adeyinka John 8-13<br />
Ademeso, Odunyemi Anthony 8-13*<br />
Admou, Hassan Sr. 44-3<br />
Aehnelt, Michaela 31-14<br />
Ahmed, K.M. 32-4<br />
Aitchison, Jonathan C. 36-6<br />
Al-Refaee, Hamed 33-11<br />
Alatorre, Miguel Sr. 42-12, 42-16*<br />
Alatorre-Ibargüengoitia, Miguel 42-17<br />
Alatorre-Ibargüengoitia, Miguel A. 42-9<br />
Albrecht, Tony 26-2<br />
Alexeiev, Dmitry V. 6-3<br />
Alisic, Laura 1-3<br />
Altenbrunn, Kerstin 5-8<br />
Alvers, Michael R. 5-9*<br />
Amann, Alexandra 12-4*<br />
Amirlatifi, Amin 29-2<br />
Amman, Alexandra 21-16<br />
Anders, Birte 14-3, 16-5<br />
Anka, Zahie 2-9, 26-2*, 26-3*, 26-7<br />
Appel, Erwin 13-2<br />
Arfai, Jashar 9-6*, 38-10<br />
Arndt, Dirk 16-4*<br />
Arp, Gernot 28-3*<br />
Arras, C. 5-1<br />
Arslan, Arzu 11-7*<br />
Artemieva, Natalia 20-3*, 22-4<br />
Asch, K. 43-4<br />
Asch, Kristine 40-1*<br />
Asef, M.R. 29-4<br />
Ashwell, Paul 42-2<br />
Asran, Mohamed Hassan 40-6<br />
Atakan, K. 35-3*<br />
Aubele, Katharina 8-4*, 8-5<br />
Aung, Thura 37-6<br />
Autin, Julia 2-8, 2-9<br />
Azizi, Ali 44-2<br />
B<br />
Bachmann, Corinne 15-3<br />
Bachtadse, Valerian 6-3, 8-4, 8-5, 45-1<br />
Bahroudi, Abbas 44-2<br />
Balling, Niels 36-5<br />
Bamler, Richard 45-4, 45-9<br />
Bär, Kristian 16-4<br />
Bar-Sever, Yoaz 3-9<br />
Baran, Ramona 40-4*, 44-5<br />
Barrera-Cardenas, F.A. Sr. 31-7*<br />
Bartel, Esther Maria 27-1*, 27-2*<br />
Barth, Andreas 16-7<br />
Bartolini, Carlo 37-1<br />
Bartsch, H.-U. 43-4<br />
Batte, Arthur 8-8, 36-12<br />
Bauer, Friederike 26-6*, 26-11<br />
Bauer, Johanna F. 31-4*<br />
Baumgarten, Henrike 21-10<br />
Baumgärtner, Jens 26-6<br />
Baumgartner, Peter O. 19-9<br />
Bayanova, Tamara B. 10-5<br />
Bayona, Germán 14-4<br />
Beaumont, Christopher 38-1<br />
Index <strong>of</strong> Authors<br />
How to use the indexing system:<br />
The first number (preceding the dash) represents the session number in which the paper will be presented.<br />
The second number (following the dash) indicates the presentation order <strong>of</strong> the paper <strong>with</strong>in its session.<br />
Example: Stein, Seth ….. 3-4*<br />
Find Session #3 in either the <strong>Abstracts</strong> volume or the Technical Session portion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Program, and look at the fourth paper in the session.<br />
Page numbers are not listed in this index. Refer to session number and order <strong>of</strong> presentation to locate the<br />
author you are searching for.<br />
Beavan, John 45-6<br />
Bebiolka, Anke 9-10*<br />
Beccaletto, Laurent 9-9, 14-3, 16-5<br />
Becker, Sindy 6-1<br />
Becker, Stefan 38-5<br />
Becker, Thorsten W. 17-3*, 36-11, 36-16*<br />
Beer, Silvia 39-6<br />
Behrmann, Jan H. 2-10*<br />
Beidinger, Andreas 33-9*<br />
Bennett, Richard A. 19-6<br />
Bennewitz, Evelyn 16-7<br />
Benson, Philip 42-13<br />
Berberich, Gabriele 33-3*<br />
Berner, Ulrich 21-2*, 21-6, 21-11, 31-6*,<br />
31-8<br />
Bernroider, Manfred 8-2, 27-3*, 27-7<br />
Bertier, Pieter 12-4, 21-16<br />
Besse, Jean 36-10<br />
Beyer, Daniel 31-14<br />
Beyerle, G. 5-1<br />
Blanc, Eric J.-P. 9-5*<br />
Blewitt, Ge<strong>of</strong>frey 3-9*<br />
Blöcher, Guido 29-5<br />
Block, Carsten 16-6<br />
Blume, Jennifer 21-16<br />
Bohlen, T. 12-1<br />
Bondar, Roman 27-10*<br />
Bondo Medhus, Anna 36-5<br />
Bonow, Johan M. 2-6<br />
Bookhagen, Britta 23-11*, 43-1*<br />
Borojevic-Šoštaric, Sibila 8-2<br />
Boschi, Lapo 36-16<br />
Bosence, Dan 19-9<br />
Bouabdelli, Mohamed Sr. 44-3<br />
Boudagher-Fadel, Marcelle 19-9<br />
Brandes, Christian 31-12<br />
Brandes, Juliane 31-3<br />
Brardinoni, Francesco 37-2*<br />
Breunig, Martin 5-8<br />
Brockmann, Jan Martin 45-7<br />
Browne, Kathleen M. 23-10<br />
Brune, Sascha 2-3, 2-14*<br />
Büchner, Jörg 41-1<br />
Buchs, David 14-4<br />
Bueker, Carsten 38-4<br />
Bundschuh, Moritz 22-7<br />
Bunge, Hans-Peter 2-4, 2-13, 25-1, 26-1,<br />
27-11<br />
Burbank, Douglas 37-5<br />
Burchfiel, B. Clark 19-13*<br />
Burgert, Patrick 20-12<br />
Burghardt, Diana 5-10<br />
Burkhardt, Hans 20-1, 20-2<br />
Burstedde, Carsten 1-3<br />
Busch, Andreas 21-16<br />
Butwilowski, Edgar 5-8<br />
C<br />
Cacace, Mauro 31-13<br />
Calais, Eric 33-4<br />
Camelbeeck, Thierry 30-1, 33-7<br />
Campani, Marion 37-4*<br />
Cardona, Agustin 14-4<br />
Carena, Sara 18-3*, 36-7, 36-9, 43-2, 44-4<br />
Casale, Gabriele M. 19-6*<br />
Cashman, Katharine V. 34-4*<br />
Casillas Ruiz, Ramon 4-3<br />
Catena, Anne N. 23-10*<br />
Celentano, Andrea 45-6<br />
Chalmers, James A. 2-6<br />
Chamot-Rooke, Nicolas 27-9<br />
Chandan, Karun Kumar 21-9<br />
Chang, Chien-Hsin 36-9<br />
Chen, Kuang-Jung 11-2*<br />
Chernyavski, Vladimir M. 29-1*<br />
Cherubini, Yvonne 31-13<br />
Chevrel, Magdalena O. 42-14<br />
Chiang, Hong-Wei 37-6<br />
Chiu, Bonbbon 11-2<br />
Chust, Thomas 26-1*<br />
Cimarelli, Corrado 42-8, 42-17*<br />
Cisternas, Marco 35-10<br />
Clark, Stuart 2-13<br />
Colli, Lorenzo 2-4*<br />
Colombani, Jean 31-1*<br />
Cong, Xiaoying 45-4<br />
Cosentino, Domenico 19-12<br />
Cowan, Darrel S. 19-6<br />
Cramer, Bernhard 21-6*, 21-11, 31-6,<br />
31-11<br />
Crosta, Alvaro P. 28-2<br />
Culligan, Patricia J. 32-4<br />
D<br />
Dahle, Christoph 5-5<br />
Dalziel, Ian W.D. 2-1*<br />
Damian, Christin 5-10<br />
Damm, Volkmar 27-13<br />
Daras, Ilias 5-5<br />
Dassinies, Matthias 13-2<br />
de Biasi, Lea J. 42-14*<br />
De Campos, Cristina 42-6, 42-7<br />
de Mulder, Eduardo 39-8*<br />
de Niem, Detlef 20-4*<br />
De Witt, Maarten 26-9<br />
Decker, Kurt 30-2, 30-3, 33-1, 33-2, 33-9<br />
Deichmann, Nicholas 15-3<br />
Delgado-Granados, Hugo 42-16<br />
Delmelle, Pierre 42-8<br />
Delvaux, Damien 21-5, 26-11<br />
DeMets, Charles 14-5<br />
Deutsch, Alex 20-5, 28-4<br />
Deutsch, Alexander 20-8, 20-13<br />
Dewey, John F. 14-8*, 23-1*<br />
DeZan, Francesco 45-9<br />
di Primio, Rolando 2-9, 26-2, 26-3<br />
Dingwell, Donald B. 42-2, 42-3, 42-5, 42-6,<br />
42-7, 42-8, 42-9, 42-10, 42-11, 42-12,<br />
42-13, 42-14, 42-15, 42-16<br />
Dinske, Carsten 15-2<br />
Djamour, Yahya 45-3<br />
Dogra, N.N. Sr. 6-6*<br />
Dokukina, Ksenia 10-1*, 10-5*<br />
Dominguez, Fabian 2-9<br />
Dominguez, Stephane 19-2<br />
Dörr, Wolfgang 27-14, 27-15<br />
Dötterl, Sebastien 4-4<br />
Douillet, Guilhem Amin 42-10*<br />
Dräbing, Daniel 22-8<br />
Dresen, Georg 15-5<br />
Dresmann, Horst 14-3, 16-5<br />
Druiventak, Anthony G. 10-4*<br />
Duarte, Joao 19-2<br />
Dufresne, Anja 20-9*<br />
Dupont, Lydie 4-2<br />
Durand, Marc 8-4<br />
Duval, Sebastien 36-10<br />
Dyment, Jérôme 36-13*<br />
E<br />
Ebbing, Jörg 36-5<br />
Ebert, Matthias 20-13<br />
Eckelmann, Katja 38-9*<br />
Eckert, Andreas 29-2*<br />
Eder, Wolfgang 39-8<br />
Ehlers, Todd 37-9<br />
Ehrhardt, Axel 27-13*<br />
Eineder, Michael 45-4*, 45-9*<br />
El Bahariya, Gaafar A. 40-7*<br />
El Haddad, A. Abdallah 40-6*<br />
El Janati, M’hamed Sr. 44-3*<br />
El-Haddad, Abd Elaziz A. 44-7<br />
Elbeshausen, Dirk 11-5*, 20-7, 22-4*<br />
Elkhashab, Mohamed 44-7*<br />
Elsner, Martin 11-1*, 11-8, 21-14, 38-6*<br />
Emch, Michael 32-4<br />
Endler, Ricarda 12-3<br />
Endrun, Brigitte 36-14<br />
Engelbrecht, Hubert 9-4*, 43-5*<br />
Engelmann, Oliver 43-3*<br />
Etzold, Sven 16-6*, 16-7<br />
Evers, Serjoscha 43-3<br />
Ewiak, Oktawian 8-1*, 35-12<br />
F<br />
Fabbri, Olivier 33-6<br />
Faccenna, Claudio 17-3, 19-1*, 36-11*<br />
Fanning, C. Mark 38-8<br />
Favaro, Silvia 27-4*, 27-6<br />
Fecher, Thomas 45-7<br />
Felzmann, Dirk 43-7*<br />
Fermeli, Georgía 19-9<br />
Ferreira, Ana 35-7<br />
Ferreiro Mählmann, Rafael 21-4<br />
Festl, Judith 5-11<br />
Fichter, Walter 5-3<br />
Fichtner, Andreas 2-4<br />
Fiebig, Markus 30-3<br />
Fielding, Eric J. 45-6<br />
Fischer, Marina 31-9<br />
Fischer, Sebastian 21-13*<br />
Flament, Nicolas E. 2-7*, 9-2*<br />
Flaws, Asher 42-15<br />
Flechtner, Frank 5-5<br />
Forte, Alessandro M. 2-11<br />
Fossen, Haakon 2-15<br />
Foyle, Anthony M. 44-1*<br />
Franco-Magalhaes, Ana B. 26-4<br />
Franke, Dieter 21-6, 26-8, 31-8, 31-12<br />
Franke, Wolfgang 14-7*<br />
Franz, Matthias 9-8<br />
Frassetto, Andy 36-5<br />
Frei, Dirk 27-12, 38-8<br />
Frey, Marie-Luise 39-10*<br />
Friederich, Wolfgang 36-14<br />
Friedrich, Anke M. 8-11, 18-6, 24-10,<br />
33-8, 40-4, 41-4, 41-5, 43-2, 44-4, 44-5,<br />
44-6, 44-7<br />
Friedrich, Jana 4-1*<br />
Fritz, Jörg 20-10<br />
Munich, Germany I1
Fügenschuh, Bernhard 27-8<br />
Funiciello, Francesca 36-11<br />
Funk, Daniel 22-8<br />
Furlong, Kevin P. 3-5*<br />
G<br />
Gailler, Audrey 19-2<br />
Gallais, Flora 27-9<br />
Gallardo, Luis 19-10<br />
Garibaldi, Nicolas 14-5<br />
Gärtner, Andreas 6-1, 8-6, 9-1*<br />
Gast, Sascha 9-12, 16-3*, 31-9*, 31-10*<br />
Gaunt, H.E. 42-5<br />
Gaupp, Reinhard 31-14, 38-6<br />
Gayduk, Taras 27-10<br />
Gdaniec, P. 43-4*<br />
Gébelin, Aude 37-10<br />
Geißler, Lutz 23-13, 43-8<br />
Genser, Johann 6-2, 8-2, 13-1, 27-2,<br />
27-5*, 27-7, 38-7<br />
Gerber, Rolf 40-2*<br />
Gerlach, Robert 41-4*, 44-7<br />
Gerling, Johannes Peter 5-7<br />
Gessner, Klaus 19-10*<br />
Ghattas, Omar 1-3<br />
Giardini, Domenico 3-3<br />
Gibbons, Ana 36-6*<br />
Giese, R. 12-1<br />
Gilbert, M.C. 33-11<br />
Gilg, H. Albert 21-15<br />
Gipper, Peter 27-4<br />
Gischler, Eberhard 22-3*<br />
Gladkovsky, Sergey 28-6<br />
Glasmacher, Ulrich A. 4-3, 26-4, 26-5,<br />
26-6, 26-11*<br />
Gloaguen, Richard 13-2<br />
Goertz-Allmann, Bettina P. 15-3*<br />
Goldstein, Fabian 42-3<br />
González, Gabriel 35-12<br />
Goodell, Laurel P. 23-6*, 23-10, 39-2*<br />
Gorbatov, Alexei 35-4<br />
Gorobtsov, Denis 20-2<br />
Göske, Jürgen 21-15<br />
Götz, Andreas 32-5<br />
Götze, Hans-Jürgen 5-8, 5-9<br />
Gozalpour, Behnaz 45-5*<br />
Gradmann, S<strong>of</strong>ie 36-5*<br />
Graindorge, David 27-9<br />
Granitsiotis, Michael S. 11-8<br />
Grant, Stephen P. 2-11<br />
Green, Paul F. 2-6<br />
Greiling, Reinhard 26-9, 26-10<br />
Griebler, Christian 11-8<br />
Gritto, Roland 15-4*<br />
Grokhovsky, Victor 28-6*<br />
Grootes, Pieter M. 24-11<br />
Gross, Richard 3-9<br />
Grosse, Christian U. 20-11*<br />
Gruber, Christian 5-5<br />
Gruber, Thomas 5-3<br />
Gruetzner, Christoph 22-1<br />
Gruetzner, Jens 26-8*<br />
Grupe, Gisela 7-3<br />
Guest, Bernard 40-4<br />
Guilbaud, Marie-Noëlle 42-17<br />
Gurnis, Michael 1-3*, 2-7, 2-12*, 9-2,<br />
16-2<br />
Gutscher, Marc-Andre 19-2*, 27-9*,<br />
35-11*<br />
Gwinner, Klaus 40-5*, 42-1*<br />
H<br />
Hackl, Matthias 45-1*<br />
Hackspacher, Peter 26-4<br />
Hafid, Ahmid Sr. 44-3<br />
Haghi, Amir Hossein 29-4*<br />
Hajnsek, Irena 45-9<br />
Hammond, William Charles 3-9<br />
Hamoudi, Mohamed 5-6<br />
Han, Guoqing 6-2*, 13-1<br />
Handy, Mark R. 19-4*, 27-4, 27-6<br />
Hansen, Bent T. 28-3<br />
Hanson, Jonathan B. 42-3*, 42-14<br />
Hartvich, Filip 33-10<br />
Hartwig, Alexander 26-2, 26-7<br />
Hawemann, Friedrich 27-4<br />
Head, James W. 40-5<br />
Heap, M.J. 42-2, 42-5<br />
Heberer, Bianca 19-5, 27-1, 27-2<br />
Hecht, Lutz 20-13*, 23-4*<br />
Heeschen, Katja 31-17<br />
Heidak, Markus 4-3*<br />
Heidinger, Philipp 20-2<br />
Heim, Sabine 21-8, 31-16*<br />
Heine, Christian 2-3*, 2-7, 9-3*, 9-5,<br />
25-2, 25-3<br />
Heine, Klaus 4-7*<br />
Heineke, J. 43-4<br />
Heinig, Simone 21-10<br />
Heise, S. 5-1*<br />
Heistek, Rosanne 42-6*<br />
Heldt, Matthias 21-2<br />
Hemmer, Ingrid 39-1, 39-7<br />
Herd, Rainer 12-2*<br />
Hernández, Douglas 14-5<br />
Hernández, Walter 14-5<br />
Hernández-Moreno, José M. 4-3<br />
Herzyk, Agnieszka 11-8<br />
Hess, Kai-Uwe 42-2, 42-3, 42-6, 42-14,<br />
42-15<br />
Hessami, Khaled 8-9<br />
Hesse, Reinhard 24-13*<br />
Hilgers, Alexandra 4-4<br />
Hilse, Ulrike 31-14<br />
Hinderer, Matthias 37-1*<br />
Hinsch, Ralph 27-8<br />
Hintersberger, Esther 33-1, 33-2*<br />
Hippe, Kristina 37-3<br />
Hirose, Tahehiro 42-2<br />
Hirsch, Katja K. 26-7<br />
Hoerth, Tobias 20-8<br />
H<strong>of</strong>fmann, Gösta 22-1*<br />
H<strong>of</strong>fmann, Markus 24-10, 41-5*<br />
H<strong>of</strong>mann, Florian 8-11*, 43-2*, 43-3<br />
H<strong>of</strong>mann, Jakob 6-4<br />
H<strong>of</strong>mann, Mandy 6-1*, 8-6, 9-1, 38-9<br />
Hok, Jozef 33-10<br />
Holland, Austin 33-11<br />
Holzwarth, Ulrike 4-2*<br />
Homolova, Dana 30-2, 30-3*<br />
Homuth, Benjamin 36-12<br />
Hoppe, Andreas 16-4, 16-8<br />
Hornemann, Ulrich 20-10, 28-4<br />
Hort, Matthias 42-9<br />
Hosseini, Samira 44-2*<br />
Howard, James P. 38-8<br />
Huang, Hsin-Hua 36-9<br />
Hübscher, Christian 27-13<br />
Huch, Monika 23-13*, 39-1*, 43-8*, 43-9*<br />
Hudnut, Kenneth W. 3-9<br />
Hugentobler, Urs 45-1<br />
Huhn, Katrin 8-12, 11-7<br />
Huismans, Ritske S. 38-1*<br />
Hünniger, Marko 11-8<br />
Hürkamp, Kerstin 4-4<br />
I<br />
Igel, Heiner 35-7*<br />
İmren, Caner 14-2<br />
Insel, Nadja 37-9*<br />
Ivanova, Alexandra 5-12*<br />
Ivy-Ochs, Susan 37-3<br />
J<br />
Jacobs, Joachim 2-15<br />
Jäggi, Adrian 45-7<br />
Jähne, Fabian 9-6, 9-7*, 21-11, 38-10*<br />
Jahnke, Christoph 12-3*<br />
Janetz, Silvio 12-3<br />
Janneck, Eberhard 5-10<br />
Japsen, Peter 2-6*<br />
Jarpe, Steven 15-4<br />
Jerz, Hermann 24-2*<br />
Jetschny, S. 12-1<br />
Jin, Wei 6-2<br />
Jokat, Wilfried 2-10<br />
Jolie, Egbert 12-3<br />
Jonckheere, Raymond 6-4, 13-2<br />
Jotheri, Jaafar Hamzah<br />
Abdulhussein 4-5*<br />
Juhlin, Christopher 5-12<br />
Jung, Dietmar 28-3<br />
K<br />
Kaiser, Björn Onno 31-13<br />
Kamelger, Achim 37-1<br />
Karius, Volker 28-3<br />
Karl, Markus 26-4*, 26-6<br />
Kastowski, Martin 37-1<br />
Kawano, Noriyuki 11-3*<br />
Keil, Melanie 8-3*<br />
Keller, G. Randy 33-11*<br />
Kempf, Oliver 37-4<br />
Kempka, Thomas 12-3<br />
Kendrick, Jackie E. 42-2, 42-5*<br />
Kenkmann, Thomas 20-8, 20-9, 20-12*,<br />
20-13, 28-2*, 28-5<br />
Kennedy, Ben 42-2<br />
Kennett, Brian 1-2*, 35-4*<br />
Kenter, Jeroen A.M. 24-8<br />
Kestler, Franz 39-4*<br />
Khachikyan, Robert 3-9<br />
Kharrat, Riyaz 29-4<br />
I2 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scale<br />
Khorrami, Fateme 8-9*<br />
King, David 20-6<br />
Kipry, Judith 32-5*<br />
Kirscher, Uwe 6-3*, 8-4, 8-5*<br />
Kiser, Eric 35-4<br />
Kissling, Eduard 19-3*<br />
Klaeschen, Dirk 27-9<br />
Kleber, Arno 9-1<br />
Kley, Jonas 6-5*, 9-7, 13-3<br />
Klingelhoefer, Frauke 35-11<br />
Knappett, Peter S.K. 11-8*, 32-4*<br />
Knobloch, Andreas 16-7*<br />
Kober, Florian 37-3*<br />
Kober, Martin 6-5, 13-3*<br />
Koeberl, Christian 43-1<br />
Koenig, Gabriele 23-12*<br />
Köhler, Andreas 36-5<br />
Kohler, Guillermina 26-3<br />
Kohlmann, Fabian 2-15*<br />
Kolepka, Claudia 28-3<br />
Kollenz, Sebastian 26-4, 26-5*<br />
König, Daniel 5-5*<br />
Königsh<strong>of</strong>, Peter 38-9<br />
Konilov, Alexander 10-5<br />
Kopp, Heidrun 18-1*<br />
Korte, Monika 5-6*<br />
Kosler, Jan 9-13<br />
Kostopoulos, Dimitrios 27-12<br />
Kowitz, Astrid 20-10*<br />
Kozlovskikh, Ekaterina 28-6<br />
Krahl, Jochen 27-15<br />
Krause, Yvonne 12-2<br />
Krautblatter, Michael 22-6*, 22-8*<br />
Kremers, Simon B. 42-9, 42-18*<br />
Krieger, Gerhard 45-9<br />
Kroner, Uwe 36-15*<br />
Krooss, Bernhard M. 12-4, 21-16, 31-16<br />
Krüger, Oliver 15-2<br />
Kruhl, Jörn 39-7<br />
Kruhl, Jörn H. 10-3*, 21-12*<br />
Krystyn, Leopold 24-8<br />
Ksienzyk, Anna Katharina 2-15<br />
Kubik, Peter W. 37-3<br />
Kübler, Simon 33-8*<br />
Kueppers, Ulrich 42-3, 42-8*, 42-9*,<br />
42-10, 42-11, 42-13<br />
Kuhlmann, Cornelia 41-3*<br />
Kuhlmann, Gesa 9-10, 9-11, 9-12, 16-3,<br />
31-9, 31-10, 38-10<br />
Kühn, Michael 12-3<br />
Kukla, Peter 38-5*<br />
Kumar, Sandeep 6-6<br />
Kunkel, Cindy 31-14*<br />
Künkel, H. 39-5*, 41-2*<br />
Kuper, Paul Vincent 5-8<br />
Kurkow, Alexej 31-8<br />
Kurrle, Dieter 35-7<br />
Kus, Jolanta 21-11, 31-11<br />
Kusters, Dimitri 30-1*<br />
L<br />
Ladage, Stefan 21-6<br />
Lagabrielle, Yves 36-11<br />
Lallemand, Serge 36-11<br />
Landgrebe, Thomas C.W. 18-4<br />
Lange, Jan-Michael 38-9<br />
Langenbruch, Cornelius 15-2<br />
Langenhorst, Falko 28-4<br />
Laptev, Gennady 4-1<br />
Larentis, Michael 11-8<br />
Lauterjung, Joern 3-8*<br />
Lavallée, Y. 42-5<br />
Lavallée, Yan 42-2*, 42-3, 42-6, 42-7,<br />
42-8, 42-13, 42-14, 42-15<br />
Lawver, Lawrence A. 2-1<br />
Layton, Alice C. 32-4<br />
Le Bayon, Ronan 21-4*<br />
Le Pichon, Xavier 14-2<br />
Le Roy, Pascal 19-2<br />
Lease, Richard 37-5*<br />
Lebedev, Sergei 36-14<br />
Lecocq, Thomas 30-1<br />
Lee, Chao-Shing 35-11<br />
Lee, Cheng-Yu 11-2<br />
Lehmann, Rainer 23-9*, 39-1<br />
Lehné, Rouwen J. 16-8<br />
Lehrberger, Gerhard 21-15, 39-6*, 39-9<br />
Leier, Andrew 37-8<br />
Leitner, Christoph 8-2*, 38-7<br />
Lengler, Ursula 5-12<br />
Lenhardt, Wolfgang A. 15-1*, 15-6*, 33-1<br />
Leonhardt, Roman 8-10*<br />
Leopold, Matthias 4-4<br />
Lepinette, Alain 20-6<br />
Lesur, Vincent 5-6<br />
Lewerenz, Björn 31-13, 38-3<br />
Li, Shiyan 38-5<br />
Li, Wei 6-2, 13-1*<br />
Liang, Chenyue 13-1<br />
Liang, Ching-Wei 35-11<br />
Liebetrau, Volker 4-1<br />
Liebscher, Axel 21-13<br />
Lin, Jing-Yi 35-11<br />
Lin, Kyaw Kyaw 37-6<br />
Lindenfeld, Michael 8-8*, 36-12<br />
Linke, V. 43-4<br />
Linnemann, Ulf 6-1, 8-6, 9-1, 38-9<br />
Liotta, Domenico 21-12<br />
Littke, Ralf 21-3, 21-5*, 21-8, 31-16,<br />
38-4*, 38-5<br />
Liu, Mian 33-4, 33-5*<br />
Liu, Yongjiang 6-2, 13-1<br />
Loegering, Markus J. 2-9, 26-3<br />
Lohr, Tina 6-4<br />
Lomax, Johanna 30-3<br />
Longo, Antonella 34-3<br />
López, Allan 18-5*, 29-3*<br />
Loth, Georg 39-9*, 43-6*<br />
Lückge, Andreas 24-12<br />
Lüdecke, Tina 41-6*<br />
Lueders, Tillmann 11-8<br />
Lueth, Stefan 5-12<br />
Lühr, Hermann 5-6<br />
Luick, Holger 31-15*<br />
Luis, Joaquim 16-1<br />
Luo, Gang 33-5<br />
Lüth, S. 12-1<br />
Lutz, Rüdiger 9-6, 21-6, 31-8*, 31-12,<br />
38-10<br />
Luza, Kenneth V. 33-11<br />
M<br />
M. Hossainali, Masoud 45-3<br />
Macadam, John D. 23-5*<br />
Macconi, Pierpaolo 37-2<br />
Madritsch, Herfried 33-6*<br />
Maier, Andrea 45-7<br />
Mailloux, Brian 32-4<br />
Makhlouf, Issa M. 4-6*<br />
Maldini, Faldo 31-2*<br />
Manning, Andrew H. 32-3*<br />
Manning, Cheryl L.B. 23-3*<br />
Marchal, Denis 2-9, 26-3<br />
Mariani, E. 42-5<br />
Markwitz, Vanessa 19-10<br />
Marozava, Sviatlana 11-8<br />
Marschallinger, Robert 8-2<br />
Martin, Mirko 5-10<br />
Masterton, Sheona 36-4<br />
Matschullat, Jörg 32-1*<br />
Matysiak, Agnes K. 10-4, 10-6*<br />
Maupin, Valerie 36-5<br />
May, Franz 16-3<br />
Mayer-Gürr, Torsten 45-7<br />
Mayr, Sibylle I. 15-5*, 20-1*, 20-2<br />
Maystrenko, Yuriy 2-8, 38-2<br />
Maystrenko, Yuriy P. 26-7*<br />
McClusky, Simon 19-11<br />
McKay, Larry 32-4<br />
McKeever, Patrick 23-2*<br />
McQuarrie, Nadine 37-8*<br />
Megies, Tobias 29-6*<br />
Meier, Kristina 42-9<br />
Meier, Thomas 36-14*<br />
Meinhold, Guido 27-12*, 38-8*<br />
Mekawy, Manal Sayed 7-4*<br />
Melbourne, Timothy 35-9*<br />
Meléndez, Guillermo 19-9<br />
Melero Asensio, Irene 28-1*<br />
Melnick, Daniel 35-10*<br />
Mena, Banu 15-3<br />
Menschik, Florian 39-6<br />
Meurers, Rita 15-6<br />
Meyer, Jürgen 5-10<br />
Mezger, Jochen E. 14-6*<br />
Michaelis, Ingo 5-6<br />
Michalak, G. 5-1<br />
Mikes, Tamás 37-11, 41-6<br />
Mikolaichuk, Alexander 6-3<br />
Miller, Meghan 3-10*<br />
Min, Soe 37-6<br />
Minet, Christian 22-5, 45-4, 45-9<br />
Miranda, Jorge Miguel 19-2<br />
Mitchell, Thomas M. 42-2<br />
Mitrovica, Jerry X. 2-11<br />
Mitterer, Agnes 21-15*<br />
Moazzen, Mohssen 8-7<br />
Möbius, Jürgen 4-2<br />
Moeck, Inga 12-3<br />
Mohr, Markus 38-5<br />
Montagna, Chiara 34-3<br />
Montes, Camilo 14-4*<br />
Moreira, Alberto 45-9<br />
Moreno, Marcos 35-10<br />
Morgan, Lisa A. 42-7<br />
Morgavi, Daniele 42-7*
Mori, Jim 35-2*<br />
Morton, Andrew C. 38-8<br />
Moser, Dorothee 20-11<br />
Motagh, Mahdi 35-10, 45-5, 45-6*<br />
Moucha, Robert 2-11<br />
Muedi, Thomas 26-9*<br />
Muench, Ute 39-12<br />
Mügge-Bartolovic, Vera 39-7*<br />
Mulch, Andreas 37-4, 37-10*, 37-11, 41-6<br />
Mulitza, Stefan 2-5<br />
Müller, Christian 5-7*, 12-5<br />
Müller, Dietmar 9-3, 18-4*, 25-1, 25-3,<br />
27-11, 36-6<br />
Müller, Jürgen 5-3<br />
Müller, R. Dietmar 1-1*, 2-7, 9-2, 16-2*,<br />
25-2, 36-4*<br />
Murböck, Michael 5-3*<br />
Murphy, J. Brendan 2-1<br />
Muttoni, Giovanni 8-5<br />
N<br />
Naber, Michael D. 44-1<br />
Nader-Nieto, Maria 35-7<br />
Nagudi, Betty 26-6<br />
Nankali, Hamid Reza 8-9, 45-2*<br />
Nasir, Asma 33-1*<br />
Natal’In, Boris 14-1*, 14-2<br />
Nerlich, Rainer 2-13*<br />
Nesbor, Heinz-Dieter 38-9<br />
Neubauer, Franz 6-2, 8-2, 8-3, 13-1,<br />
19-5*, 27-1, 27-2, 27-3, 27-7, 38-7*<br />
Neuberg, Juergen W. 34-1*<br />
Neumayer, Karl-Hans 5-5<br />
Nickmann, Marion 24-5*<br />
Niemann, André 31-15<br />
Niemeyer, Adelbert 24-10*, 41-5<br />
Nitsch, Edgar 9-8*, 9-9*, 14-3*, 16-5<br />
Noack, Silke 16-7<br />
Noack, Vera 31-13<br />
Noeth, Sheila 38-4<br />
Nolte, Nicole 28-3<br />
Norton, Kevin P. 37-7<br />
Nüchter, Jens-Alexander 10-2<br />
Nyvlt, Daniel 33-10<br />
O<br />
Obst, Karsten 31-3*<br />
Okal, Emile 3-7*, 35-8*<br />
Okumura, Koji 35-6*<br />
Olin, Jennifer 23-8<br />
Oncken, Onno 8-1, 18-2, 35-12<br />
Ongley, Lois 23-8*<br />
Ormö, Jens 20-6*, 28-1<br />
Ortner, Hugo 24-9*, 27-8*<br />
Ostertag-Henning, Christian 21-6, 31-6,<br />
31-17<br />
Özer, Cigdem 31-12*<br />
Özeren, Sinan 14-2<br />
P<br />
Pail, Roland 5-3, 5-4*, 45-7*<br />
Papale, Paolo 34-3*<br />
Paradeis, Matthew 29-2<br />
Parto, Fateme 7-2*<br />
Patula, Simone 11-6*<br />
Paul, Anne 19-8*<br />
Pedersen, Helle 19-8<br />
Peiffer, Stefan 5-10<br />
Perau, Eugen 31-15<br />
Pereyra, Ricardo 26-5<br />
Perugini, Diego 42-7<br />
Peterseim, Nadja 45-8*<br />
Petrakova, Linda 42-4*<br />
Petrov, E. 31-6<br />
Petschick, Rainer 31-11<br />
Philipp, Sonja L. 31-4<br />
Phillips, Richard J. 38-8<br />
Piepjohn, Karsten 31-6<br />
Piller, Werner E. 22-2<br />
Piromallo, Claudia 36-11<br />
Plag, Hans-Peter 3-9<br />
Planert, Lars 2-10<br />
Plank, Simon 22-5*<br />
Pletsch, Thomas 21-11, 31-11*, 31-12<br />
Pluta, Matthew J. 44-1<br />
Poelchau, Michael H. 20-8*, 20-9, 28-5*<br />
Pöllmann, Herbert 31-10<br />
Pollom, U. 12-1<br />
Popotnig, Angelika 30-2*<br />
Popov, Anton 2-14<br />
Popov, Yuri 20-1, 20-2<br />
Poschlod, Klaus 31-5*<br />
Pösges, Gisela 39-11*<br />
Poulsen, Christopher J. 37-9<br />
Prescher, C. 28-4*<br />
Preusser, Frank 33-6<br />
Prosser, Giacomo 21-12<br />
Pudlo, Dieter 31-14<br />
Pürner, Thomas 43-6<br />
Pyatkov, Anton 28-6<br />
Q<br />
Qiu, Shiran 11-8<br />
Quevedo, Leonardo 25-2<br />
R<br />
Raeesi, M. 35-3<br />
Rai, Vibhuti 6-1<br />
Rangin, Claude 14-2<br />
Rantitsch, Gerd 8-2<br />
Ratschbacher, Lothar 6-4, 13-2<br />
Rauberg, Jan 5-6<br />
Rechlin, A.J. 12-1*<br />
Reichert, Christian 2-9<br />
Reicherter, Klaus 22-1<br />
Reilinger, Robert 19-11*<br />
Reimold, Wolf Uwe 20-10, 28-2<br />
Reinhardt, Lutz 9-11<br />
Reinhold, Klaus 5-7, 12-5<br />
Ren, Shoumai 6-2, 13-1<br />
Renner, Jörg 10-4<br />
Reubelt, Tilo 5-3<br />
Reuning, Lars 38-5<br />
Riaz, Somana 11-4*<br />
Richter, Jens 16-6<br />
Rick, Ines 12-4, 21-16<br />
Rieger, Stefanie 18-6*<br />
Riesenberg, Cornelia 5-7, 12-5*<br />
Ring, Uwe 19-10, 26-6<br />
Ritter, Joachim 36-5<br />
Riße, Andreas 31-17*<br />
Roch, Karl Heinz 33-9<br />
Rodriguez, Jorge F. 2-9, 26-3<br />
Rojay, Bora 37-11, 41-6<br />
Rölke, Christopher 14-6<br />
Romushkevich, Raisa 20-1, 20-2<br />
Ronchi, Ausonio 8-4, 8-5<br />
Rosas, Filipe 19-2<br />
Roscher, Marco 36-15<br />
Rosenau, Matthias 8-11, 18-2*<br />
Rosenberg, C.L. 19-4<br />
Rossello, Eduardo A. 26-5<br />
Rother, Martin 5-6<br />
Rott, Andreas 7-3<br />
Rowley, David B. 2-11*<br />
Royden, Leigh H. 19-7*<br />
Rubin, Jeffrey N. 3-6*, 39-3*<br />
Rümpker, Georg 8-8, 36-12*<br />
Rupf, Isabel 9-8, 9-9, 14-3, 16-5*<br />
Rütters, Heike 31-17<br />
S<br />
Saccorotti, Gilberto 34-3<br />
Sachse, Victoria F. 21-5, 21-8*<br />
Sagawe, Anja 6-1, 8-6*, 9-1, 38-9<br />
Saki, Adel 8-7*<br />
Salaun, Gwenaelle 19-8<br />
Salcher, Bernhard 37-3<br />
Salge, Tobias 20-5<br />
Sallares, Valenti 19-2<br />
Sammonds, P.R. 42-5<br />
Samsonov, Sergey 45-6<br />
Sand, Rolf 5-2<br />
Sarnthein, Michael 24-11*<br />
Sass, Ingo 16-4<br />
Scarlato, Piergiorgio 42-9<br />
Schäfer, Frank 20-8<br />
Schäfer, Frauke 21-10*<br />
Schafrik, Wlad 12-2<br />
Schalhammer, Katrina 44-7<br />
Scharf, Andreas 27-4, 27-6*<br />
Scharroo, Remko 16-1<br />
Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena 2-8*,<br />
2-9*, 26-7, 31-13*, 38-2*, 38-3<br />
Scheeder, Georg 21-11<br />
Schemmel, Fabian 37-11*, 41-6<br />
Scherreiks, Rudolph 19-9*<br />
Scheu, B.E. 42-12, 42-13<br />
Scheu, Bettina 42-9, 42-11*<br />
Scheucher, Lorenz E.A. 22-2*<br />
Schildgen, Taylor F. 19-12*<br />
Schillinger, Burkhard 42-15<br />
Schlager, Wolfgang 24-8*<br />
Schlicht, Anja 45-8<br />
Schlömann, Michael 32-5<br />
Schlunegger, Fritz 37-1, 37-4, 37-7*<br />
Schmahl, Wolfgang 32-5<br />
Schmalholz, Martina 6-4<br />
Schmid, Diana M. 44-5*, 44-6, 44-7<br />
Schmid, Max 31-5<br />
Schmid, Stefan 27-4, 27-6, 33-6<br />
Schmid, Stefan M. 17-1*<br />
Schmidt, Michael 31-10<br />
Schmidt, Sabine 5-8<br />
Schmidt, T. 5-1<br />
Schmidt-Thomé, Michael 24-1*<br />
Schmidt-Thomé, Philipp 24-7*<br />
Schmidt-Thomé, Robert 24-6*<br />
Schmitt, Ralf-Thomas 20-10<br />
Schnabel, Michael 27-13<br />
Schnapperelle, Stephan 14-6<br />
Schneider, Anna 4-4*<br />
Schneider, Birgit 24-11<br />
Schneider, Michael 21-14<br />
Schneider, Simon 39-12*<br />
Schoenherr, Johannes 38-5<br />
Schöler, Heinfried 4-3<br />
Scholz, Herbert 11-1<br />
Schöne, Gisbert 5-10<br />
Schöner, Robert 38-6<br />
Schorn, Anja 27-3, 27-7*, 38-7<br />
Schreiber, Ulrich 31-15, 33-3, 35-7<br />
Schreurs, Guido 8-11<br />
Schubert, Achim 21-14<br />
Schuberth, Bernhard S.A. 25-1, 27-11<br />
Schuh, Wolf-Dieter 5-4, 45-7<br />
Schulte, Peter 20-5*<br />
Schulz, Michael 2-5, 4-2<br />
Schumann, Andreas 8-8, 26-6<br />
Schwarz, Peter J. 43-5<br />
Scolamacchia, Teresa 42-12*<br />
Seib, Nadine 6-5, 13-3<br />
Şengör, A.M. Celâl 14-1, 14-2*<br />
Serre, Marc L. 32-4<br />
Seton, Maria 2-7, 27-11<br />
Shapiro, Serge A. 15-2*, 15-5<br />
Sharifi, Mohammad Ali 44-2<br />
Shephard, Grace E. 25-1*, 27-11<br />
Shmanjak, Anton 31-6<br />
Shuvalov, Valery 20-14*<br />
Shyu, J. Bruce H. 37-6*<br />
Sieh, Kerry 37-6<br />
Sigl, Walter 24-4*<br />
Sigloch, Karin 36-3*<br />
Simmons, Nathan A. 2-11<br />
Simon, Elisabeth 5-10*<br />
Simon, Klaus 28-3<br />
Simoni, Alessandro 37-2<br />
Simons, Mark 3-9<br />
Singer, John 5-11*, 22-5<br />
Singh, Sahendra 21-9*<br />
Singh, Y.R. 6-6<br />
Sippel, Judith 2-8, 38-3*<br />
Skinner, Catherine 32-2*<br />
Slama, Jiri 9-13*<br />
Smit, Jan 20-5<br />
Smith, Rosanna 42-13*<br />
Smith, Walter H.F. 16-1<br />
Smolka, Anselm 3-1*, 22-2<br />
Sneeuw, Nico 5-3<br />
Sobolev, Nicolai 31-6<br />
Sobolev, Stephan 2-14<br />
Sodoudi, Forough 36-12<br />
Söllner, Frank 7-3*<br />
Song, Y. Tony 3-9<br />
Sonntag, Benita-Lisette 6-4*, 13-2*<br />
Soulaimani, Abderahmane Sr. 44-3<br />
Spakman, Wim 17-2*<br />
Spasojevic, Sonja 2-12<br />
Spurlock, Stuart 27-14*<br />
Stäb, Christian 10-3<br />
Stadler, Georg 1-3<br />
Stadler, Susanne 31-17<br />
Staiger, Martin 13-2<br />
Stanchits, Sergei 15-5<br />
Stein, Carol A. 2-2*<br />
Stein, Seth 2-2, 3-4*, 33-4*<br />
Steinberger, Bernhard 36-16<br />
Steiner, Ulrich 21-14*<br />
Steininger, A. 43-4<br />
Steinle-Neumann, Gerd 26-1<br />
Stepancikova, Petra 33-10*<br />
Stiller, Eva 21-11*<br />
Stöckhert, Bernhard 10-2, 10-6<br />
Stollh<strong>of</strong>en, Harald 26-10<br />
Strasser, Michael 35-1*<br />
Strecker, Manfred R. 19-12, 33-8<br />
Strogen, Dominic 38-8<br />
Sturkell, Erik 20-6, 28-1<br />
Sturm, Christophe 37-9<br />
Stutzmann, Eleonore 36-10*<br />
Suetnova, Elena I. 21-7*, 29-1<br />
Summesberger, Herbert 23-11<br />
Sundermann, Lukas 44-4*, 44-5, 44-6<br />
Suppe, John 36-7*, 36-8, 36-9<br />
T<br />
Tabibi, Sajad 45-3*<br />
Taddeucci, Jacopo 42-8, 42-9, 42-17<br />
Tajima, Fumiko 35-5*<br />
Talsma, Aedon S. 25-2*, 27-11*<br />
Tarabees, Elhamy 7-1*<br />
Tavakoli, Farokh 8-9, 45-2<br />
Terman, Maurice J. 40-3*<br />
Terrinha, Pedro 19-2<br />
Tesch, Jörg 14-3, 16-5<br />
Teyssier, Christian 37-10<br />
Thakur, O.P. 6-6<br />
Than, Oo 37-6<br />
Thapa, Prem B. 16-8*<br />
Thöle, Hauke 9-6, 9-11*<br />
Thoma, Klaus 20-8<br />
Thomsen, Andreas 5-8*<br />
Thuro, Kurosch 5-11, 22-5, 22-7*, 24-5<br />
Tietz, Olaf 41-1*<br />
Tik<strong>of</strong>f, Basil 14-5*<br />
Tirel, Celine 36-14<br />
Todd, Andrew S. 32-3<br />
Tong, Hengmao 8-14*<br />
Torchala, Bernd 16-6<br />
Torsvik, Trond H. 16-2<br />
Trepmann, Claudia 10-6<br />
Trepmann, Claudia A. 10-4<br />
Trullenque, Ghislain 28-5<br />
Trumbull, Robert 26-9, 26-10<br />
Tscherny, Robert 38-4<br />
Tsekhmistrenko, Maria 44-5, 44-6*<br />
Tun, Soe Thura 37-6<br />
U<br />
UçarkuŞ, Gülsen 14-2<br />
Uenzelmann-Neben, Gabriele 26-8<br />
Uffmann, Anna Kathrin 21-3*<br />
Ullrich, Bernd 9-1<br />
Urai, Janos L. 8-2, 38-5<br />
Urpi, Luca 29-5*<br />
Ustaszewski, Kamil 19-4, 36-7, 36-9*<br />
V<br />
Vallejo, Eduardo 2-9, 26-3<br />
van der Hilst, Robert D. 36-10<br />
van der Lee, Suzan 2-2<br />
van Geen, A. 32-4<br />
Van, K.V. 10-5<br />
Vanneste, Kris 33-7*<br />
Vasconcelos, Marcos A.R. 28-2<br />
Venkatesh, A.S. 21-9<br />
Verbeeck, Koen 33-7<br />
Verplanck, Philip L. 32-3<br />
Victor, Pia 8-1, 35-12*<br />
Voelkel, Joerg 4-4, 4-7<br />
Voigt, Thomas 6-5, 13-3, 31-14<br />
Volland, Sabine 21-12<br />
von Rad, Ulrich 24-12*<br />
Vortisch, Walter 22-2<br />
W<br />
Wacker, Lukas 37-3<br />
Wagner, Hermann Josef 31-15<br />
Wagner, Reinhard 27-2<br />
Walter, Thomas R. 34-2*<br />
Wang, Chung-Che 37-6<br />
Wang, Xinxing 5-2*<br />
Wang, Yu 37-6<br />
Wardinski, Ingo 5-6<br />
Warren, John 38-5<br />
Waschbüsch, Margret 21-16<br />
Wassermann, Joachim 29-6, 35-7, 42-18<br />
Wassmann, Sara 10-2*<br />
Watts, Antony B. 26-7<br />
Wawerzinek, Britta 36-5<br />
Webb, Frank H. 3-9<br />
Weber, Karolin 9-12*<br />
Wefer, Gerold 2-5*, 23-7*<br />
Weidle, Christian 36-5<br />
Weiss, Robert 20-7<br />
Wellmer, Friedrich-Wilhelm 21-1*<br />
Weniger, Philipp 12-4, 21-16*<br />
Wenk, Linda 8-12*<br />
Wernicke, Brian 36-2*<br />
Wessel, Paul 16-1*, 36-1*, 36-4<br />
Wesson, Robert L. 35-10<br />
Westbrook, Graham 19-2<br />
Whitham, Andrew G. 38-8<br />
Whittaker, Joanne 36-6<br />
Whittaker, Joanne M. 9-3, 36-4<br />
Wiacek, Claudia 32-5<br />
Wiatr, Thomas 22-1<br />
Wickert, J. 5-1<br />
Wiegand, Miriam 26-9, 26-10*<br />
Wielandt-Schuster, Ulrike 9-9<br />
Wiemer, Stefan 3-3, 15-3<br />
Wiesmaier, Sebastian 42-15*<br />
Wilcox, Lucas 1-3<br />
Wilhelm, Helmut 20-1, 20-2*<br />
Willett, Sean D. 37-3<br />
Munich, Germany I3
Williams, Daniel E. 32-4<br />
Williams, Simon E. 2-7, 9-3<br />
Wilson, Lionel 40-5<br />
Wirth, Holger 16-3, 31-9<br />
Woessner, Jochen 3-3*, 15-3<br />
Wölbern, Ingo 8-8, 36-12<br />
Wu, Jonathan E. 36-8*<br />
Wu, Yih-Min 36-7, 36-9<br />
Wünnemann, Kai 11-5, 20-7*, 20-8, 22-4<br />
Y<br />
Yaremovych, Mykhaylo 27-10<br />
Yeo, Logan L.G. 25-3*<br />
Yildirim, Cengiz 19-12<br />
Yilmaz, Tim 21-12<br />
I4 FRAGILE EARTH: <strong>Geological</strong> Processes from Global to Local Scale<br />
Z<br />
Zacher, Wolfgang 24-3*<br />
Zeidler, Matthias Karl 16-7<br />
Zellmer, Henning 39-13*<br />
Zerlauth, Michael 27-8<br />
Zhang, Xingzhou 6-2<br />
Ziegenhagen, Thomas 8-1, 35-12<br />
Zimmermann, Günter 12-3, 29-5<br />
Zonneveld, Karin A.F. 4-2<br />
Zschau, Jochen 3-2*<br />
Zulauf, Gernold 27-14, 27-15*<br />
Zulka-Schaller, Gertrude 43-1<br />
Zumsprekel, Heiko 14-3, 16-5<br />
Zus, F. 5-1
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
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U3<br />
U6<br />
roads from Open Street Map<br />
U1<br />
U2<br />
U4<br />
U5<br />
S-Bahn Stammstrecke<br />
street<br />
5<br />
"<br />
U-Bahn/S-Bahn station<br />
Hotel<br />
Isar river<br />
projection: UTM Zone 32U<br />
datum: WGS1984<br />
Meeting Venue:<br />
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München<br />
Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1<br />
80539 München<br />
LMU Geology:<br />
Dept. <strong>of</strong> Earth and Environmental Sciences<br />
Luisenstr. 37<br />
80333 München<br />
689000<br />
690000<br />
691000<br />
692000<br />
693000<br />
694000<br />
"<br />
Ostbahnh<strong>of</strong><br />
Goetheplatz<br />
Frauenh<strong>of</strong>erstrasse<br />
7<br />
Rosenheimer Platz<br />
5334000<br />
5334000<br />
20<br />
"<br />
Schwanthalerhöhe<br />
Sendlinger Tor<br />
19<br />
"<br />
19<br />
6<br />
Isartor<br />
Theresienwiese<br />
Max-Weber-Platz<br />
18<br />
Marienplatz<br />
CONFERENCE DINNER<br />
(H<strong>of</strong>bräuhaus)<br />
5335000<br />
"<br />
20<br />
"<br />
"<br />
" 18 5<br />
Karlsplatz-Stachus<br />
"<br />
16<br />
"<br />
14<br />
Lehel<br />
5335000<br />
Hauptbahnh<strong>of</strong><br />
(Central Station)<br />
"<br />
13<br />
Prinzregentenplatz<br />
17<br />
"<br />
"<br />
15<br />
Odeonsplatz<br />
12<br />
12<br />
13<br />
14<br />
15<br />
16<br />
17<br />
Königsplatz<br />
9<br />
10<br />
11<br />
8<br />
MEETING VENUE<br />
(LMU Main Building)<br />
7<br />
English<br />
Garden<br />
5<br />
6<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
Hotel Antares<br />
Cosmopolitan Hotel<br />
Hotel Königswache<br />
Hotel LEX garni im<br />
Gartenh<strong>of</strong><br />
Hotel Excelsior<br />
Motel One München-<br />
Sendlinger Tor<br />
Motel One München-<br />
Deutsches Museum<br />
Hotel Hauser an der<br />
Universität<br />
Leonardo Boutique<br />
das HOTEL in München<br />
H‘Otello Hohenzollernstraße<br />
Golden Leaf Parkhotel<br />
Hotel Bayerischer H<strong>of</strong><br />
Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten<br />
Hotel The Charles<br />
Hotel Luitpold<br />
Winter´s Hotel City<br />
Center<br />
So�tel Munich Bayerpost<br />
Motel One München<br />
City-Ost<br />
Motel One München<br />
City-West<br />
Stiglmaierplatz<br />
"<br />
1<br />
4<br />
LMU Geology<br />
"<br />
"<br />
5336000<br />
9<br />
"<br />
5336000<br />
Maillingerstrasse<br />
3<br />
10<br />
"<br />
"<br />
Theresienstrasse<br />
8<br />
Universität<br />
Josephplatz<br />
5337000<br />
Giselastrasse<br />
5337000<br />
Ü<br />
11<br />
"<br />
"<br />
2<br />
Hohenzollernplatz<br />
Münchener Freiheit<br />
Meters<br />
0 250 500 1.000<br />
Hotels<br />
689000<br />
690000<br />
691000<br />
692000<br />
693000<br />
694000<br />
GeoMunich 2011 City Map 1:25000
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