Full document / COSOC-W-86-002 - the National Sea Grant Library
Full document / COSOC-W-86-002 - the National Sea Grant Library Full document / COSOC-W-86-002 - the National Sea Grant Library
water column, thereby helping to build seagrass beds. Halodule wrightii and the two species of Halophlla arc much smaller and generally are considered to be fringing or pioneer species that inhabit tho margins of major seagrass beds and tolerate environmental conditions not suitable for the larger species. The unique aspect of seagrass communities in the Florida Big Bend area is the extended nature of the deeper, fringing zone dominated by H. decipieno, H. engelnannl, and various macroalgal species. Ground-truth data indicate that macroalgae account for an average of 21% of total blade density seen here. Ground-truth data also indicate that approximately 44% of the area mapped as sparse seagrass beds on the basis of aerial photographs, was live-bottom habitat that could not be differentiated from seagrass beds in the aerial Imagery. In addition to the spatial zonation patterns of seagrasses noted in this study, seasonal variability in seagrass bed density and species composition was evident, especially in the sparse offshore beds. At moot offshore Signature Control Stations sampled during Cruise 2 (February), blade densities were 50% to 90% lower than those noted during Cruise 1 (October to November), and H_. declplena had disappeared. Halophlla engelmannl persisted, but many Instances of wave stress and uprooting were evident during Cruise 2. Temperature, light, and wave action are likely to be important variables influencing both spatial and seasonal abundance patterns in these deep seagrass beds. The ecology of deepwater seagrass/algal beds In the Florida Big Bend area has not been studied, but these habitats could play Important roles In this productive environment. Future studios should focus on primary productivity, influential environmental variableo, and associated flora and fauna of Big Bend area seagrass beds. Literature Cited Chelsea International Corporation. 1983. National Marine Sanctuary Site Evaluations Recommendations and Final Reports. A report for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrative, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management Sanctuary Program Division. Contract No. NA82-SAC-00647. Continental Shelf Associates, Inc. 1983. Annotated bibliography of publiohod research dealing with light/seagrass relationships. A report for tha Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, FL. 13 pp. Continental Shelf Associates, Inc. 1984. Seagrass beds and surficial sodlmant types found in Clearwater Harbor-St. Joseph 8ound, Florida. A report for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District, Mobile, AL. Dawes, C. J., K. Bird, M. Durako, R. Gooddard, w. Hoffman, and R. Mcintosh. 1979. Chemical fluctuations due to seasonal cropping effects on an algal seagrass community. Aquat. Bot. 6(1):79-86. 779
780 Barle, S. A. 1972. Benthic algae and seagrasses, pp. 15-18. Im C. V. Bushnell (ed.). Chemistry, Primary Productivity, and Benthic Algae of the Gulf of Mexico. Serial Atlas of the Marine Environment. Folio 22. Bnos, P. and R. D. Perkins. 1977. Quaternary Sedimentation in South Florida. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 147:1-198. Iverson R. L. and H. F. Bittaker. (in press). Seagrass distribution and abundance in eastern Gulf of Mexico coastal waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Mann, K. H. 1973. Seaweedsi Their productivity and stratogy for growth. Science 182:975-981. McNulty, J. K., w. N. Lindall, Jr., and J. B. Sykes. 1972. Cooperative Gulf of Mexico Bstuarine Inventory and Study, Florida. Phase I, Ares Description. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Circ. No. 368. 126 pp. McRoy, C. P. and C. McMillan. 1977. Production ecology and physiology of seagrasses, pp. 53-87. Int C. P. McRoy and C. Helfferich (eds.), A Scientific Perspective. Marcel Dokkor, New York, NY. Moore, D. R. 1963. Distribution of the seagrass, Thalassla. Bull. Mar. Sci. 13(21:329-342. Parker, R. O., Jr., D. R. Colby, and T. D. Willis. 1983. Estimated amount of reef habitat on a portion of the U.S. South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico continental shelf. Bull. Mar. Sci. 33(41:935-942. Phillips, R. C. 1960. Observations on the ecology and distribution of the Florida seagrasses. Florida state Board of Conservation. Prof. Paper Ser. No. 2. 72 pp. Phillips, R. C. 1978. Seagrasses and tha coastal marine environment. Oceanus 3:30-40. Hlthlacoochee Regional Planning Council. 1982. Hihtlacoochee marine biology study. 45 pp. Zimmerman, M. S. and R. J. Livingston. 1976. Seasonality and physico-chemical ranges of benthic macrophytes from a north Florida estuary (Apalachee Bay). Contrib. Mar. Sci. 20133-45.
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780<br />
Barle, S. A. 1972. Benthic algae and seagrasses, pp. 15-18. Im C.<br />
V. Bushnell (ed.). Chemistry, Primary Productivity, and Benthic<br />
Algae of <strong>the</strong> Gulf of Mexico. Serial Atlas of <strong>the</strong> Marine<br />
Environment. Folio 22.<br />
Bnos, P. and R. D. Perkins. 1977. Quaternary Sedimentation in South<br />
Florida. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 147:1-198.<br />
Iverson R. L. and H. F. Bittaker. (in press). <strong>Sea</strong>grass distribution<br />
and abundance in eastern Gulf of Mexico coastal waters.<br />
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science.<br />
Mann, K. H. 1973. <strong>Sea</strong>weedsi Their productivity and stratogy for<br />
growth. Science 182:975-981.<br />
McNulty, J. K., w. N. Lindall, Jr., and J. B. Sykes. 1972.<br />
Cooperative Gulf of Mexico Bstuarine Inventory and Study,<br />
Florida. Phase I, Ares Description. <strong>National</strong> Oceanic and<br />
Atmospheric Administration, <strong>National</strong> Marine Fisheries Service.<br />
Circ. No. 368. 126 pp.<br />
McRoy, C. P. and C. McMillan. 1977. Production ecology and<br />
physiology of seagrasses, pp. 53-87. Int C. P. McRoy and C.<br />
Helfferich (eds.), A Scientific Perspective. Marcel Dokkor, New<br />
York, NY.<br />
Moore, D. R. 1963. Distribution of <strong>the</strong> seagrass, Thalassla. Bull.<br />
Mar. Sci. 13(21:329-342.<br />
Parker, R. O., Jr., D. R. Colby, and T. D. Willis. 1983. Estimated<br />
amount of reef habitat on a portion of <strong>the</strong> U.S. South Atlantic<br />
and Gulf of Mexico continental shelf. Bull. Mar. Sci.<br />
33(41:935-942.<br />
Phillips, R. C. 1960. Observations on <strong>the</strong> ecology and distribution<br />
of <strong>the</strong> Florida seagrasses. Florida state Board of Conservation.<br />
Prof. Paper Ser. No. 2. 72 pp.<br />
Phillips, R. C. 1978. <strong>Sea</strong>grasses and tha coastal marine<br />
environment. Oceanus 3:30-40.<br />
Hlthlacoochee Regional Planning Council. 1982. Hihtlacoochee marine<br />
biology study. 45 pp.<br />
Zimmerman, M. S. and R. J. Livingston. 1976. <strong>Sea</strong>sonality and<br />
physico-chemical ranges of benthic macrophytes from a north<br />
Florida estuary (Apalachee Bay). Contrib. Mar. Sci. 20133-45.
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