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Between 30 October and 15 November 1984, aerial photographs wero taken along 26 north-south flight lines encompassing 2.1 million ha (5 million acres or 8,200 mi2) of oeafloor. Standard Kodak 23 cm x 23 cm (9 in. x 9 in.) color print film was used. Scale on all photographs was 1:40,000. During Cruise 2 (19 to 27 February 1985), nine additional transects (174 km (108 ml)J were surveyed using towod divers and underwater television, and 11 of the 50 Signature Control Stations established during Cruise 1 were reoamplod. Aerial photographs were analyzed otereoscoplcally, and seagrass beds were categorized by density (dense, sparse, or patchy) as determined by interpreting "photo-signature characteristics" such as tone, color, texture, and sire. Signatures of submerged seagrass beds ranged from dark blue-green offshore to light-medium brown in nearshore areas Influenced by tidal fluctuations. Areas of nonvegetated sand bottom (white signature) and nonvegetated mud bottom (brown signature) were also recognized in the photographs. Live-bottom habitats characterized by hard corals, gorgonlons, sponges, and othor opibiota associated with low-relief rock outcrops or rock covered by a thin sand veneer could not be differentiated from surrounding seagrass beds at the 1i40,000 scale of tho aerial photographs. Six hundred photographs were interpreted and distributions of the major habitat types wore outlined on clear acetate. These interpretations formed the basis for a 1;40,000 scale map of the study area. A reduced Composite Hap (scale 1:250,000), which can be superimposed directly on the 1i250,000 scale MMS protraction diagrams, was produced. Results A total of 1.5 million ha (3.7 million acres) was mapped from the aerial imagery during the study (Figure 1). Mapping delineated 232,893 ha (575,479 acres) of dense seagrass beds, 498,034 ha (1,230,643 acres) of sparse seagrass beds, and 279,722 ha (691,195 acres) of patchy seagrass beds. Study results indicate two major groupings or species associations of soagrasses in the Florida Big Bond area. An inner (nearshore) association of Thalassla testudlnum, Syringodium flliforme, and Halodule wrightii occurs in water depths of less than 9 m. Thalassla testudlnum grass and S. flliforme form dense beds that aro easily detected in aerial photographs, and only at the southern end of tho study area do the dense beds extend into Pederal waters (Figure 1). Seaward of these dense seagrass beds is a zone where five seagrass species may be seem T_. testudlnum, S_. flliforme, H. wrightii, and two additional specieoi Halophlla declplens and Halophlla enqelmannl. Farther offshore, large aroas of continental shelf between approximately the 10- and 20-m depth contours support a mixed macroalgal/ooagrass assemblage in which the two Halophlla species are the only vascular plants. This assemblage extends beyond the 20-n depth limit of this study and is abundant to at loast the 23-m depth contour. Thalassla testudlnum and S. flliforme are the largest seagrass species in the Big Bend area, and their blades trap sediment from the 777
778 FLORIDA BIG BEND SEAGRASS HABITAT STUDY jijte'' Si'!1 ix LEGEND DENSE SEAGRASS BEDS SPARSE SEAGRASS BEOS PATCHY SEAGRASS BEDS NONVEGETATED SAND BOTTOM NONVEGETATED MUD BOTTOM ASSUMED SPARSE SEAGRASS (DELINEATED FROM GROUND TRUTH DATA) FIOURB 1. FLORIDA BIO BEND SEAORA88 DISTAIBUTION-BASeO ON AERIAL AND GROUND DATA.
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HT 390 .C66 C66 1986 v.2 Thomas EBi
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Copyright® 1987 The Coastal Societ
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"PROPERTY OF NOAA COASTAL K_CE3 CEN
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PLENARY SESSIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHARACTERIZING A SYSTEM Choir. Char
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TRACKING TOXICS Chair Susan Harvey
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The Use ofthe NationalWater DataExc
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The Site Selection Process foraChes
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MANAGING LIVING RESOURCES Resource
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Estuarine and CoastalManagement - T
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398 the particular Interests, envir
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400 data, a developer may discover
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Estuarine and Coastal Management
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fortune to work with several coasta
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growth economics, local feelings ab
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410 unprotected coastal barriers wi
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412 caveats. The greatest concerns
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Estuarine and Coastal Management -
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Model of Resort Evolution R. Initia
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Pensacola Beach Like Fort Myers Bea
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had again contributed to serious en
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Estuarine andCoastal Management -To
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High altitude and oblique aerial ph
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Estuarineand Coastal Management•
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432 system, the LEO system is start
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434 b. Hind observations (Figure 5)
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436 LEO PERCENT OCCURRENCE OF WAVE
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438 Estuarine and Coastal Managemen
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440 appropriate variables and param
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STEPbTSB NBICHBOB SBCBDI CANDISC NE
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Estuarineand Coastal Management Too
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(figures 1 and 2). On a first order
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variables. This resulted in a set o
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Estuarine andCoastal Management •
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help canaands and dictionaries are
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Access to System All requests for a
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460 Why Is NOAA Unarmed In ftnMfal
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462 To test this procedure, a simpl
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464 Cowardln, L.M.. V. Carter, F.C.
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466 between the participating indiv
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468 Data Search Assistance Through
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470 Additional Information For addi
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472 Estuarine andCoastal Management
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474 FIGURE 2 OPDIN RESOURCES NMPIS
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476 means ot access, determination
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478 NMPPO. 1985b. Inventory of Non-
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EDUCATING DECISIONMAKERS William Ei
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prediction of the effects of changi
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Management Oommittee did slightly r
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The causes of the degradation of wa
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quality. For a commission to adopt
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494 Estuarine and Coastal Managemen
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496 authorities prior to any land d
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498 boon based largely on ono piece
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500 Interstate Agreement on Chesape
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Estuarine and Coastal Management -T
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In general, though, these relations
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meetings. Their recommendations ver
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etveen any other academic departmen
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Many of these same demands vere mad
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Estuarineand Coastal Management- To
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The private sector The motivation f
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It's more and more obvious: those w
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The Center's role is limited to ide
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County. The resulting roport, "Cons
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and shellflshing; to provide open s
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The COD is innovative as a performa
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Estuarine andCoastal Management - T
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provide adequate information for a
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Aquaculture project The most recent
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CHESAPEAKEBAY VirginiaTippie,Chair
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542 program with an investment of 2
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Estuarine andCoastalManagement - To
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methodology being proposed - develo
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major sections of the 1972 Clean Wa
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Prioritizing makes best use of the
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Degradation of the Bay has taken a
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558 federal agencies, additional tr
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560 ing system 1t would be helpful
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obtained, or shoreline changes-were
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SAV was sighted as well as water co
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canadensis and Zannlchelia palustri
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greatest percent increases occurrin
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Orth, R.J., K.L. Heck, Jr. and J. v
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Bromley (1978) considered (1) propo
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2. Rnyulntorv nrogram-i A number of
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private nuisance is an interference
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property rule. If Congress passed s
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nonpoint source water pollution con
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Estuarineand CoastalManagement - To
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cannot be granted unless there is u
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ecomes subject to cancellation. An
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REFERENCES Morrison, M.D. and M.K.
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598 other agencies are Involved in
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600 requirements for dumping of ves
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602 oatorlal in the future. The oil
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Application of the doctrine of Impl
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oundaries of the dry sand area and
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compilation of existing data. Areas
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To rank areas based on observed con
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In spatial coverage of previous stu
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satellites to the reserve system, a
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types of geomorphological features
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Manao-gmgnr conaldpratH onn — The
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productivity. The National Estuarin
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Estuarine and Coastal Management To
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equired to validate the sensitivity
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goal, an uncertainty analysis was c
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Precision of the sediment quality v
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Estuarine andCoastal Management -To
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Independent variable that is assume
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Possible outcomes of the experiment
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PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES James McQ
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648 The evacuation of more than 500
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650 terminal; $220,000 for an oil s
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652 U.S. Highway 98 damage estimate
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654 Spangenbcrg, T. 1986. Personal
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LOUISIANA'S BATTLEWITH THE SEA; ITS
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Qco ISLES DERltt^ km & Figure 2. Hi
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Objectives The first objective of t
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STATION NUMBER STATION NAME TABLE 1
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The St. Petersburg tide gauge stati
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STATION NUMBER STATION NAME TABLE 2
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elative sea level rise is 0.33 cm/y
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References Byrne, P., Borengasser,
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these times that the increase in vu
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econstruction projects. Conclusion
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RESOLVING CONFLICTS/ASSESSING RISKS
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686 lightering is estimated at $69
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BEACH EVOLUTION AFTER CAUSEWAY CONS
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690 and overriding the facility. Ic
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Inextricably wound up with religion
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ethics is that advocated by Leopold
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laboratory animals, lower animals a
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Estuarine andCoastal Management-Too
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Estuarine and Coastal Management To
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708 these projects. Our criteria fo
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710 S. alternlflora established on
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712 Additional compensation by ropl
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714 to the question of placement (l
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716 criteria adequate to achieve th
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Page 323 and 324: 734 assemblages; Juvenile fish and
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Page 351 and 352: contain detailed Information about
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