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Estuarineand Coastal Management- Tools ofthe Trade. Proceedingsof the TenthNationalConference of The CoastalSociety. October 12-15.1986. New Orleans.LA. Copyrightby The CoastalSociety 1987. Tnrrnrlnct-.inn »aJHr-SS;^P^S process for a Chesapeake BAY NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE SYSTEM* Carroll N. Curtis National Oceanicand AtmosphericAdminstraoon National MarinePollution Program Office RocrvillcMD 20852 Maurice P. Lynch VirginiaInstitute of Marine Science School of Marine Science College ofWilliam and Mary Gloucester Point. VA 23062 In 1985 Amendments to the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 rename the National Estuarine Sanctuary Program as the National Estuarine Reserve Research System (hereafter referred to as the System). In addition to the name change, the amendments place greater emphasis on the need for biogeographic and ecologic representation within the System, clarify the System's research responsibilities and call for enhanced public awareness and understanding of estuarine areas through education and interpretation. The original intent of the System to serve as "natural field laboratories" is still fully supported and will be better served through the guidance given in the Amendments. The System currently consists of 16 designated sites and contains 253,500 acres of estuarine submerged lands, wetlands and adjacent watershed uplands. When the System is completed, i3 completed, it will include representation from the 27 biogeographic regions which characterize the coastal zone of the United States, including that of Alaska, Hawaii, and the Caribbean and Pacific island commonwealths and territories- In addition, where biogeographic regions are especially large and ecologically diverse, the System will contain multiple site reserves- •NOTE: Contribution 41358, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. This project wa3 supported by Contract NA85AAHCZ112 between the Sanctuary Programs Office, NOAA, and The Virginia Institute of Marine Science. 621
622 Background The Chesapeake Bay is widely regarded as one of the largest and most productive estuaries in the world. In the classic sense of an estuary, the Chesapeake Bay is a drowned river valley with a saline gradient which ranges from tidal freshwater reaches at the fall line to near-oceanic conditions at the bay mouth. It is a dynamic system and, because of its immense size and complex geomorphology and hydrology, it contains a diverse array of coastal habitats and associated biotic communities. The Chesapeake Bay forms a separate bigeographic region under the System's classification scheme (Clark, 1982). Because the Bay is an interstate body of water and because the estuarine system is so complex and diverse that it cannot be adequately represented by a single reserve site, the states of Virginia and Maryland are coordinating efforts to establish multiple-3ite estuarine reserve programs. It is hoped that not only will the state programs compliment each other in terms of site selection and management, but that collectively the reserve sites will characterize the entire Chesapeake Bay system. The Commonwealth of Virginia is the first state in the nation to design and implement a site selection process for an estuarine reserve using the guidance contained in the 1985 Amendments. Under an award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) initiated the process in June of 1985 and by January of 1987 had completed the first phase of the study which involved site identification and preliminary evaluation. The next steps will include site evaluation by a panel of regional coastal ecologists and final site review by affected state agencies, local government officials, landowners, and other interested parties. The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of the first phase of the site selection process for an estuarine research reserve system in Virginia. Work accomplished to date includes the following: (1) development of a comprehensive estuarine system classification scheme for the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia which could be used to identify the biogeographic zones and ecological features that should be represented in the System; (2) expansion the System's site selection guidelines to make them more useful for site evaluation; (3) field surveys of natural areas in the Chesapeake Bay to identify and verify the ecological nature of candidate sites; and (4) preliminary evaluation of each site. Preliminary evaluation was conducted to eliminate those 3ites inappropriate for further consideration because of adverse on site environmental conditions or current ownership which precluded their consideration (e.g., land already owned by the Federal government is ineligible for the reserve program). Sites already adequately protected by State or private organization as parks, wildlife refuges or natural areas may not be recommended by Virginia for dual-designation as reserves, but may serve as
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HT 390 .C66 C66 1986 v.2 Thomas EBi
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Copyright® 1987 The Coastal Societ
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"PROPERTY OF NOAA COASTAL K_CE3 CEN
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PLENARY SESSIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHARACTERIZING A SYSTEM Choir. Char
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TRACKING TOXICS Chair Susan Harvey
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The Use ofthe NationalWater DataExc
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The Site Selection Process foraChes
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MANAGING LIVING RESOURCES Resource
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Estuarine and CoastalManagement - T
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398 the particular Interests, envir
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400 data, a developer may discover
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Estuarine and Coastal Management
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fortune to work with several coasta
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growth economics, local feelings ab
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410 unprotected coastal barriers wi
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412 caveats. The greatest concerns
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Estuarine and Coastal Management -
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Model of Resort Evolution R. Initia
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Pensacola Beach Like Fort Myers Bea
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had again contributed to serious en
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Estuarine andCoastal Management -To
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High altitude and oblique aerial ph
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Estuarineand Coastal Management•
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432 system, the LEO system is start
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434 b. Hind observations (Figure 5)
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436 LEO PERCENT OCCURRENCE OF WAVE
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438 Estuarine and Coastal Managemen
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440 appropriate variables and param
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STEPbTSB NBICHBOB SBCBDI CANDISC NE
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Estuarineand Coastal Management Too
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(figures 1 and 2). On a first order
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variables. This resulted in a set o
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Estuarine andCoastal Management •
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help canaands and dictionaries are
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Access to System All requests for a
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460 Why Is NOAA Unarmed In ftnMfal
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462 To test this procedure, a simpl
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464 Cowardln, L.M.. V. Carter, F.C.
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466 between the participating indiv
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468 Data Search Assistance Through
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470 Additional Information For addi
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472 Estuarine andCoastal Management
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474 FIGURE 2 OPDIN RESOURCES NMPIS
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476 means ot access, determination
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478 NMPPO. 1985b. Inventory of Non-
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EDUCATING DECISIONMAKERS William Ei
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prediction of the effects of changi
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Management Oommittee did slightly r
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The causes of the degradation of wa
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quality. For a commission to adopt
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496 authorities prior to any land d
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498 boon based largely on ono piece
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500 Interstate Agreement on Chesape
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Estuarine and Coastal Management -T
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In general, though, these relations
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meetings. Their recommendations ver
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etveen any other academic departmen
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Many of these same demands vere mad
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Estuarineand Coastal Management- To
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The private sector The motivation f
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It's more and more obvious: those w
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The Center's role is limited to ide
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County. The resulting roport, "Cons
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and shellflshing; to provide open s
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The COD is innovative as a performa
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Estuarine andCoastal Management - T
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provide adequate information for a
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Aquaculture project The most recent
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CHESAPEAKEBAY VirginiaTippie,Chair
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542 program with an investment of 2
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Estuarine andCoastalManagement - To
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methodology being proposed - develo
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major sections of the 1972 Clean Wa
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Prioritizing makes best use of the
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Degradation of the Bay has taken a
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558 federal agencies, additional tr
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560 ing system 1t would be helpful
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Page 171 and 172: obtained, or shoreline changes-were
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Page 179 and 180: Orth, R.J., K.L. Heck, Jr. and J. v
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Page 183 and 184: Bromley (1978) considered (1) propo
Page 185 and 186: 2. Rnyulntorv nrogram-i A number of
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Page 189 and 190: property rule. If Congress passed s
Page 191 and 192: nonpoint source water pollution con
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Page 195 and 196: cannot be granted unless there is u
Page 197 and 198: ecomes subject to cancellation. An
Page 199 and 200: REFERENCES Morrison, M.D. and M.K.
Page 201 and 202: 598 other agencies are Involved in
Page 203 and 204: 600 requirements for dumping of ves
Page 205 and 206: 602 oatorlal in the future. The oil
Page 209 and 210: Application of the doctrine of Impl
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Page 216 and 217: compilation of existing data. Areas
Page 218 and 219: To rank areas based on observed con
Page 220 and 221: In spatial coverage of previous stu
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Page 226 and 227: types of geomorphological features
Page 228 and 229: Manao-gmgnr conaldpratH onn — The
Page 230 and 231: productivity. The National Estuarin
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Page 234 and 235: equired to validate the sensitivity
Page 236 and 237: goal, an uncertainty analysis was c
Page 238 and 239: Precision of the sediment quality v
Page 240 and 241: Estuarine andCoastal Management -To
Page 242 and 243: Independent variable that is assume
Page 244 and 245: Possible outcomes of the experiment
Page 246 and 247: PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES James McQ
Page 248 and 249: 648 The evacuation of more than 500
Page 250 and 251: 650 terminal; $220,000 for an oil s
Page 252 and 253: 652 U.S. Highway 98 damage estimate
Page 254 and 255: 654 Spangenbcrg, T. 1986. Personal
Page 256 and 257: LOUISIANA'S BATTLEWITH THE SEA; ITS
Page 260 and 261: Qco ISLES DERltt^ km & Figure 2. Hi
Page 262 and 263: Objectives The first objective of t
Page 264 and 265: STATION NUMBER STATION NAME TABLE 1
Page 266 and 267: The St. Petersburg tide gauge stati
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Page 270 and 271: elative sea level rise is 0.33 cm/y
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References Byrne, P., Borengasser,
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Estuarineand Coastal Management- To
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these times that the increase in vu
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econstruction projects. Conclusion
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RESOLVING CONFLICTS/ASSESSING RISKS
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686 lightering is estimated at $69
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BEACH EVOLUTION AFTER CAUSEWAY CONS
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690 and overriding the facility. Ic
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Inextricably wound up with religion
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ethics is that advocated by Leopold
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laboratory animals, lower animals a
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Estuarine andCoastal Management-Too
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Estuarine and Coastal Management To
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708 these projects. Our criteria fo
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710 S. alternlflora established on
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712 Additional compensation by ropl
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714 to the question of placement (l
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716 criteria adequate to achieve th
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718 Nixon, S. W. 1980. Between coas
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720 of them because of this distanc
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722 Light penetration Is probably o
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Estuarine and CoastalManagement-Too
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management emphasis Is now affectin
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734 assemblages; Juvenile fish and
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-J 736 The heavy material falls out
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738 Future Harsh Creation. We are n
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Estuarine andCoastal Management -To
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This site also satisfied several ot
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successful implementation of such a
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750 I.C.R.R Fig. I
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752 More lumber companieslaunched o
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754 the track. When ties nasoed rep
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756 Schlleder spared no expense, no
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758 Stover, j. F. 1955. The Railroa
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Estuarineand Coastal Management•
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contain detailed Information about
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production Is uncertain. Thus, the
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Estuarine and Coastal Management To
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MANAGING LIVING RESOURCES
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776 seagrasses and associated biota
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778 FLORIDA BIG BEND SEAGRASS HABIT
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780 Barle, S. A. 1972. Benthic alga
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Estuarine andCoastal Management-Too
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The Florida alligator nuisance prog
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In Louisiana, a computer simulation
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Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish C
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Estuarine and CoastalManagement - T
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794 Mississippi Born * Island Petit
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796" important means of preserving
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f 798 man-modified environments. Th
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