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588 U.S. Congress. 1977. Clean Water Act of 1977. Public Law 95-217. Woodbury County Soil Conservation District v. Ortner, 279 H.W. 2d 276 (1979).
Estuarineand CoastalManagement - Toolsof the Trade. Proceedings ofthe Tenth National Conference ofThe CoastalSociety. October12-15.1986. New Orleans.LA, Copyrightby TheCoastalSociety 1987. WATER RIGHTS FOR ESTUARIES: THE TEXAS EXPERIENCE Ronald A. Kaiser Institute of Renewable Natural Resources Texas MM University College Station, TX 77843 Sharon M. Kelley UniversityofVirginia School of Law Charlottesville, VA 22903 Estuaries are a complex ecosystem in which a number of physical and biological processes are interrelated. Although scientists arc unsure of the exact nature of many estuarine relationships, it is generally believed that freshwater inflows are a major determinant of estuarine productivity. Inflows maintain the necessary salinity balance and also provide valuable nutrients. There are seven major estuary systems and several minor ones spread along 370 miles of Texas coastline. Eleven major river basins have estuaries of major or secondary importance. The Texas fishing and shrimping industries, as well as sport fishing, depend on the estuaries to provide a proper habitat for fish propagation and development. In addition to the fish and wildlife which spend their entire lives in the estuaries, many other species inhabit these areas during their juvenile stages. Some 97Z of all fish and shellfish harvested along the Texas coast depend on estuaries at one or more stages of their life cycles (Texas Department of Water Resources 1982). The Texas legislature has funded a number of studies concerning the influence of freshwater inflows on estuaries, and has concluded that they are an important factor in estuarine productivity (Texas Department of Water Resources 1982). Revisions to the Texas Water Code in 1975 and 1985 emphasized the importance of freshwater inflows but did little to ensure that such inflows are maintained. The protections instituted by these laws arc largely discretionary, and many have argued that they are insufficient. The water code still ranks recreation, wildlife preservation and aesthetics well below other water uses in terms of priority and there is not always enough water available to satisfy the lower priority uses. 589
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HT 390 .C66 C66 1986 v.2 Thomas EBi
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Copyright® 1987 The Coastal Societ
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"PROPERTY OF NOAA COASTAL K_CE3 CEN
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PLENARY SESSIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHARACTERIZING A SYSTEM Choir. Char
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TRACKING TOXICS Chair Susan Harvey
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The Use ofthe NationalWater DataExc
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The Site Selection Process foraChes
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MANAGING LIVING RESOURCES Resource
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Estuarine and CoastalManagement - T
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398 the particular Interests, envir
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400 data, a developer may discover
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Estuarine and Coastal Management
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fortune to work with several coasta
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growth economics, local feelings ab
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410 unprotected coastal barriers wi
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412 caveats. The greatest concerns
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Estuarine and Coastal Management -
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Model of Resort Evolution R. Initia
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Pensacola Beach Like Fort Myers Bea
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had again contributed to serious en
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Estuarine andCoastal Management -To
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High altitude and oblique aerial ph
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Estuarineand Coastal Management•
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432 system, the LEO system is start
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434 b. Hind observations (Figure 5)
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436 LEO PERCENT OCCURRENCE OF WAVE
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438 Estuarine and Coastal Managemen
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440 appropriate variables and param
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STEPbTSB NBICHBOB SBCBDI CANDISC NE
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Estuarineand Coastal Management Too
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(figures 1 and 2). On a first order
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variables. This resulted in a set o
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Estuarine andCoastal Management •
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help canaands and dictionaries are
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Access to System All requests for a
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460 Why Is NOAA Unarmed In ftnMfal
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462 To test this procedure, a simpl
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464 Cowardln, L.M.. V. Carter, F.C.
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466 between the participating indiv
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468 Data Search Assistance Through
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470 Additional Information For addi
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472 Estuarine andCoastal Management
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474 FIGURE 2 OPDIN RESOURCES NMPIS
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476 means ot access, determination
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478 NMPPO. 1985b. Inventory of Non-
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480 Estuarine andCoastal Management
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EDUCATING DECISIONMAKERS William Ei
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prediction of the effects of changi
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Management Oommittee did slightly r
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The causes of the degradation of wa
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quality. For a commission to adopt
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496 authorities prior to any land d
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498 boon based largely on ono piece
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500 Interstate Agreement on Chesape
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Estuarine and Coastal Management -T
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In general, though, these relations
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meetings. Their recommendations ver
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etveen any other academic departmen
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Many of these same demands vere mad
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Estuarineand Coastal Management- To
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The private sector The motivation f
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It's more and more obvious: those w
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The Center's role is limited to ide
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County. The resulting roport, "Cons
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and shellflshing; to provide open s
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The COD is innovative as a performa
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Page 143 and 144: provide adequate information for a
Page 145 and 146: Aquaculture project The most recent
Page 147 and 148: Estuarine andCoastal Management - T
Page 149 and 150: CHESAPEAKEBAY VirginiaTippie,Chair
Page 151 and 152: 542 program with an investment of 2
Page 153 and 154: 544 Estuarine andCoastal Management
Page 155 and 156: Estuarine andCoastalManagement - To
Page 157 and 158: methodology being proposed - develo
Page 159 and 160: major sections of the 1972 Clean Wa
Page 161 and 162: Prioritizing makes best use of the
Page 163 and 164: Degradation of the Bay has taken a
Page 165 and 166: 558 federal agencies, additional tr
Page 167 and 168: 560 ing system 1t would be helpful
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Page 171 and 172: obtained, or shoreline changes-were
Page 173 and 174: SAV was sighted as well as water co
Page 175 and 176: canadensis and Zannlchelia palustri
Page 177 and 178: greatest percent increases occurrin
Page 179 and 180: Orth, R.J., K.L. Heck, Jr. and J. v
Page 181 and 182: Estuarineand Coastal Management- To
Page 183 and 184: Bromley (1978) considered (1) propo
Page 185 and 186: 2. Rnyulntorv nrogram-i A number of
Page 187 and 188: private nuisance is an interference
Page 189 and 190: property rule. If Congress passed s
Page 191: nonpoint source water pollution con
Page 195 and 196: cannot be granted unless there is u
Page 197 and 198: ecomes subject to cancellation. An
Page 199 and 200: REFERENCES Morrison, M.D. and M.K.
Page 201 and 202: 598 other agencies are Involved in
Page 203 and 204: 600 requirements for dumping of ves
Page 205 and 206: 602 oatorlal in the future. The oil
Page 209 and 210: Application of the doctrine of Impl
Page 211: oundaries of the dry sand area and
Page 216 and 217: compilation of existing data. Areas
Page 218 and 219: To rank areas based on observed con
Page 220 and 221: In spatial coverage of previous stu
Page 224 and 225: satellites to the reserve system, a
Page 226 and 227: types of geomorphological features
Page 228 and 229: Manao-gmgnr conaldpratH onn — The
Page 230 and 231: productivity. The National Estuarin
Page 232 and 233: Estuarine and Coastal Management To
Page 234 and 235: equired to validate the sensitivity
Page 236 and 237: goal, an uncertainty analysis was c
Page 238 and 239: Precision of the sediment quality v
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Independent variable that is assume
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Possible outcomes of the experiment
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PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES James McQ
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648 The evacuation of more than 500
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650 terminal; $220,000 for an oil s
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652 U.S. Highway 98 damage estimate
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654 Spangenbcrg, T. 1986. Personal
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LOUISIANA'S BATTLEWITH THE SEA; ITS
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Qco ISLES DERltt^ km & Figure 2. Hi
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Objectives The first objective of t
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STATION NUMBER STATION NAME TABLE 1
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The St. Petersburg tide gauge stati
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STATION NUMBER STATION NAME TABLE 2
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elative sea level rise is 0.33 cm/y
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References Byrne, P., Borengasser,
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these times that the increase in vu
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econstruction projects. Conclusion
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RESOLVING CONFLICTS/ASSESSING RISKS
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686 lightering is estimated at $69
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BEACH EVOLUTION AFTER CAUSEWAY CONS
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690 and overriding the facility. Ic
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Estuarine andCoastal Management - T
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Inextricably wound up with religion
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ethics is that advocated by Leopold
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laboratory animals, lower animals a
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Estuarine andCoastal Management-Too
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Estuarine and Coastal Management To
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708 these projects. Our criteria fo
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710 S. alternlflora established on
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712 Additional compensation by ropl
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714 to the question of placement (l
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716 criteria adequate to achieve th
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718 Nixon, S. W. 1980. Between coas
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720 of them because of this distanc
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722 Light penetration Is probably o
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Estuarine and CoastalManagement-Too
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management emphasis Is now affectin
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Estuarine andCoastal Management - T
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734 assemblages; Juvenile fish and
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-J 736 The heavy material falls out
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738 Future Harsh Creation. We are n
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Estuarine andCoastal Management -To
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This site also satisfied several ot
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successful implementation of such a
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750 I.C.R.R Fig. I
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752 More lumber companieslaunched o
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754 the track. When ties nasoed rep
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756 Schlleder spared no expense, no
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758 Stover, j. F. 1955. The Railroa
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Estuarineand Coastal Management•
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contain detailed Information about
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production Is uncertain. Thus, the
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Estuarine and Coastal Management To
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MANAGING LIVING RESOURCES
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776 seagrasses and associated biota
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778 FLORIDA BIG BEND SEAGRASS HABIT
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780 Barle, S. A. 1972. Benthic alga
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Estuarine andCoastal Management-Too
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The Florida alligator nuisance prog
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In Louisiana, a computer simulation
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Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish C
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Estuarine and CoastalManagement - T
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794 Mississippi Born * Island Petit
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796" important means of preserving
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f 798 man-modified environments. Th
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