Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases

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Production of Igs and MAbs Targeting Infectious Diseases 65 Fig. 1. The basic structure of IgG. The variable regions of heavy and light chains are on the amino-terminal end of the peptide chains. The constant region of IgG is divided into three structurally discrete regions: C H1, C H2, and C H3. These globular regions are stabilized by disulfide bonds and are called domains. The variable domain binds to the antigen; the constant regions are responsible for different effector mechanisms. Antibodies: Structure and Function Constant Region Immunoglobulins consist of two identical heavy-chain/light-chain heterodimers. The constant region of the heavy chain determines the class affiliation. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an IgG1 molecule with the different peptide regions, carbohydrate moieties, and disulfide bonds. The carboxy-terminal half of the light chain (C L; constant light chain) is constant except for certain allotypic and isotypic variations, whereas the amino-terminal half shows sequence variability and is known as V L (variable light chain). The two subtypes of light chains (C� and C�) can be combined with any heavy chain type (� �, �, �, or �) and are bound to one heavy chain via an intramolecular cystein-derived SH-group. Every light chain has two intrachain disulfide bonds, forming so-called loops, one in the variable and one in the constant region. The constant part of the heavy chains �, �, and � can be divided into three domains, each generating loops spanning about 60–70 amino acids (C�1, C�2, and C�3). Thus,
66 Fig. 2. Monomeric, dimeric, and pentameric structure of IgG and soluble IgA with secretory component and pentameric IgM. (Left) Monomeric structure of IgG1. (Middle) Human secretory IgA travels through the epithelium aided by the secretory component. The two heavy chains are bound via the J chain as in IgM. (Right) Human serum IgMs consist of five immunoglobulin molecules stabilized by disulfide bonds cross linking adjacent C�3 and C�4 of different units and the J chain.
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Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseas
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In f e c t i o u s . D i s e a s e
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© 2002 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface I am grateful to all of
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viii Contents 11 Passive Immunother
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x Contributors BARBARA G. MATTHEWS,
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From: Immunotherapy for Infectious
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Humoral Immunity 5 Fig. 1. Humoral
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Humoral Immunity 7 Table 1 Properti
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Humoral Immunity 9 minal complement
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Humoral Immunity 11 ficity. In ligh
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Humoral Immunity 13 Fig. 7. VDJ joi
Page 26 and 27: Humoral Immunity 15 Fig. 9. Messeng
Page 28 and 29: Humoral Immunity 17 In contrast to
Page 30 and 31: Humoral Immunity 19 advantage to tr
Page 32 and 33: Humoral Immunity 21 32. Allman DM,
Page 34 and 35: Some Basic Cellular Immunology Prin
Page 36 and 37: Cellular Immunology Principles 25 i
Page 38 and 39: Cellular Immunology Principles 27 s
Page 40 and 41: Cellular Immunology Principles 29 d
Page 42 and 43: Cellular Immunology Principles 31 f
Page 44 and 45: Cellular Immunology Principles 33 F
Page 46 and 47: Cellular Immunology Principles 35 R
Page 48 and 49: Cellular Immunology Principles 37 1
Page 50 and 51: INTRODUCTION Immune Defense at Muco
Page 52 and 53: Immune Defense at Mucosal Surfaces
Page 72: II Molecular Basis for Immunotherap
Page 75: 64 Kunert and Katinger IMMUNOGLOBUL
Page 79 and 80: 68 Kunert and Katinger Fig. 4. Humo
Page 81 and 82: 70 Kunert and Katinger remove prote
Page 83 and 84: 72 Kunert and Katinger Fig. 6. Diff
Page 85 and 86: 74 Kunert and Katinger persons of a
Page 87 and 88: 76 Kunert and Katinger that so-call
Page 89 and 90: 78 Kunert and Katinger whereas sele
Page 91 and 92: 80 Kunert and Katinger Different pr
Page 93 and 94: 82 Kunert and Katinger HUMAN/MOUSE
Page 95 and 96: 84 Kunert and Katinger are expresse
Page 97 and 98: 86 Kunert and Katinger missing meta
Page 99 and 100: 88 Kunert and Katinger Fig. 8. Sche
Page 101 and 102: 90 Kunert and Katinger include a se
Page 103 and 104: 92 Kunert and Katinger 32. Lee S, e
Page 105 and 106: 94 Kunert and Katinger 72. Abbs IC,
Page 107 and 108: 96 Kunert and Katinger 117. Wright
Page 110 and 111: From: Immunotherapy for Infectious
Page 112 and 113: Dendritic Cells 101 several organis
Page 114 and 115: Dendritic Cells 103 tion that infec
Page 116 and 117: Dendritic Cells 105 chaperones such
Page 118 and 119: Dendritic Cells 107 CD8� CTLs, th
Page 120 and 121: Dendritic Cells 109 complete tumor
Page 122 and 123: Dendritic Cells 111 19. Holland SM,
Page 124 and 125: Dendritic Cells 113 mouse pneumonit
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Dendritic Cells 115 dendritic cells
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INTRODUCTION Cytokines, Cytokine An
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Cytokines, Cytokine Antagonists, an
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Principles of Vaccine Development F
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Principles of Vaccine Development 1
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INTRODUCTION Immunopathogenesis of
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Immunopathogenesis of HIV Disease 1
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164 Connick counts ranged from 73 t
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166 Connick retinitis in an individ
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168 Connick A novel method of ident
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170 Connick occurs quite early in i
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172 Connick 2. Delta Coordinating C
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174 Connick 39. Hurni MA, Bohlen L,
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176 Connick 76. Dolan M.J., Clerici
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178 Connick 114. Komanduri KV, Visw
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Active Immunization for HIV Infecti
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200 Jacobson changes of gp120 alter
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202 Jacobson is reduced (54,55). A
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204 Jacobson Table 2 Potential Prot
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206 Jacobson from the SIV/17E-Cl-in
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208 Jacobson Several groups have de
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210 Jacobson HUMAN STUDIES Polyclon
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212 Jacobson clinical isolates, whi
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214 Jacobson 22. Beasley RP, Hwang
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216 Jacobson 59. Yoshiyama H, Mo H,
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218 Jacobson 95. Prince AM, Reesink
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220 Jacobson 133. Stiehm ER, Lamber
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222 Kilby and Bucy Although clinica
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224 Kilby and Bucy can infect human
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226 Kilby and Bucy the proinflammat
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228 Kilby and Bucy CD3/CD28, and th
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230 Kilby and Bucy of viral replica
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232 Kilby and Bucy 21. Cao Y, Qin L
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234 Kilby and Bucy 64. Pantaleo G,
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236 Kilby and Bucy 101. Clements-Ma
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238 Dornburg and Pomerantz cells (5
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240 Dornburg and Pomerantz Fig. 2.
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242 Dornburg and Pomerantz domains
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244 Dornburg and Pomerantz GENETIC
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246 Dornburg and Pomerantz Fig. 5.
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248 Dornburg and Pomerantz 6. Balti
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Viral Infections Other than HIV 253
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 261 c
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 263 o
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 265 I
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 267 R
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 269 T
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 271 1
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 273 5
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Bacterial Infections and Sepsis 277
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284 Wallis and Johnson replication
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286 Wallis and Johnson Several stud
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288 Wallis and Johnson monocytes, a
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290 Wallis and Johnson peripheral b
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292 Wallis and Johnson (A. Hise and
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294 Wallis and Johnson infections,
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296 Wallis and Johnson 37. Boom WH.
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298 Wallis and Johnson 77. Ellner J
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300 Wallis and Johnson 113. Raad I,
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302 Wallis and Johnson 154. Anonymo
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304 Table 1 Major Fungal Infections
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306 Casadevall species suggest that
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308 Casadevall transfusions from G-
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310 Casadevall Table 3 Augmentation
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312 Casadevall There has been some
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314 Casadevall effective in achievi
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316 Casadevall CONCLUSION AND FUTUR
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318 Casadevall 16. Boutati EI, Anai
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320 Casadevall 52. Gallin JI, Malec
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322 Casadevall 91. Kowanko IC, Ferr
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324 Index Blastomycosis, see Fungal
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326 Index C-type retrovirus vectors
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328 Index K Klebsiella, intravenous
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330 Index Vaccine Recombinant vecto
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Infectious Disease IMMUNOTHERAPY FO
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