Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases

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Index 327 function, 32, 33, 182–185 therapeutic targeting, 229, 230 highly active antiretroviral therapy effects, see Highly active antiretroviral therapy overview, 29, 31, 154–156, 163 thymic function, 186 treatment, see also Highly active antiretroviral therapy, cell activation state targeting, 225, 226 cell entry targeting, 223–225 clinical trial design challenges, 158, 159 cytokine immunotherapy, 187 gene therapy, see Gene therapy immune control of viral replication, 229, 230 latently infected cell pool targeting, 228 passive immunotherapy, see Passive immunotherapy prospects, 190 range of modalities, 157 structured treatment interruption, 187, 188 T-cell number targeting, 226–228 vaccination, 188–190, 230 Human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, immunogenicity, 268 vaccination, 268 viral protein targeting, 268, 269 dendritic cell response, 102 strains and diseases, 268 Hybridoma, see Monoclonal antibody I IFN-α, see Interferon-α IFN-γ, see Interferon-γ IgA, see Immunoglobulin A IL-2, see Interleukin-2 IL-12, see Interleukin-12 Immunoglobulin, see Antibody Immunoglobulin A (IgA), mucosal immunity, 45, 46 Immunosuppression, immunoglobulin therapy, 79 <strong>Immunotherapy</strong>, historical perspective, 3, 63 Inactivated vaccine, see Vaccine Influenza virus, dendritic cell response, 102 Interferon-a (IFN-a), tuberculosis immunotherapy, 291 Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), fungal infection management, 313 tuberculosis immunotherapy, 289 Interleukin-2 (IL-2), human immunodeficiency virus, immunotherapy, 187, 227–229 infectivity effects, 225 tuberculosis immunotherapy, 285–287 Interleukin-12 (IL-12), antigen-presenting cell function, 99, 100 fungal infection management, 315 hepatitis B clearance, 254 human immunodeficiency virus immunotherapy, 187 tuberculosis immunotherapy, 288, 289 Internal image idiotype vaccine, see Vaccine Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), see also Passive immunotherapy, bacterial infection management, clinical trials, 289, 290 Clostridium difficile, 277 Escherichia coli, 277, 278 Haemophilus influenzae, 277 Klebsiella, 278 Neisseria, 277 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 277, 278 Staphylococcus aureus, 275, 276 Streptococcus, 276 donors, 70 fungal infection management, 313 history of use, 69 hyperimmune sera, 70, 72 preparation, 69, 70 respiratory syncytial virus therapy, 251, 252 safety, 70 sepsis studies, 278 IVIG, see Intravenous immunoglobulin J Jak, interferon signal transduction, 122
328 Index K Klebsiella, intravenous immunoglobulin, 278 L LCMV, see Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Leishmania major, dendritic cell response, 101 T-cell response, 19, 30, 31 Leprosy, dendritic cell response, 103 interleukin-2 therapy, 287, 288 Live attenuated vaccine, see Vaccine LPA, see Lymphocyte proliferation assay LT, mucosal immunity adjuvants, 47–49 Lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA), response factors, 30, 31 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), immune response, 181, 182 Lymphoproliferative disease, see Epstein-Barr virus M Macrophage, activation, cytokine regulation, 284 tuberculosis host response, 283–285 cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide, 125 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), fungal infection treatment, 307, 309, 311, 313 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), antigen presentation, overview, 13, 23–26, 10, 260, 261 class comparison, 23, 24 polymorphisms, 25 structure, 13 M-CSF, see Macrophage colonystimulating factor MHC, see Major histocompatibility complex Monoclonal antibody, engineering <strong>for</strong> clinical application, 11, 12 hybridoma production, B-cells, amplification, 81 antigen priming in vitro, 80, 81 immortalization, 79, 80 sources, 80 fusion partners, human fusion partners, 81 human/mouse hybrid melanomas, 82 growth, 84, 85 screening and stabilization, 82 industrial production, downstream processing and purification, 89, 90 large-scale production in bioreactors, 87–89 overview, 86, 87 nonantibody-dependent enhancement-inducing antibodies, 74, 78 recombinant antibodies, chimeric antibodies, 83 expression systems, mammalian cell lines and markers, 85, 86 microbes, 84 plants, 84 transgenic animals, 84 humanized antibodies, 83 phage antibody libraries, 83, 84 properties, 82, 83 specificity, 74, 75 therapeutic applications, see also Passive immunotherapy, cancer, 78, 79 cardiovascular disease, 79 human immunodeficiency virus, 75–78 immunosuppression, 79 infection, 75 overview, 70–72, 74 rheumatoid arthritis, 78 sepsis, 75 MSL 109, cytomegalovirus therapy, 255 Mucormycosis, see Fungal infection Mucosal immunity, adaptive immunity, chemokines, 45 cytokines, 45 cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, 46, 47
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Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseas
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In f e c t i o u s . D i s e a s e
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© 2002 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface I am grateful to all of
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viii Contents 11 Passive Immunother
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x Contributors BARBARA G. MATTHEWS,
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From: Immunotherapy for Infectious
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Humoral Immunity 5 Fig. 1. Humoral
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Humoral Immunity 7 Table 1 Properti
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Humoral Immunity 9 minal complement
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Humoral Immunity 11 ficity. In ligh
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Humoral Immunity 13 Fig. 7. VDJ joi
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Humoral Immunity 15 Fig. 9. Messeng
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Humoral Immunity 17 In contrast to
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Humoral Immunity 19 advantage to tr
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Humoral Immunity 21 32. Allman DM,
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Some Basic Cellular Immunology Prin
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Cellular Immunology Principles 25 i
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Cellular Immunology Principles 27 s
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Cellular Immunology Principles 29 d
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Cellular Immunology Principles 31 f
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Cellular Immunology Principles 33 F
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Cellular Immunology Principles 35 R
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Cellular Immunology Principles 37 1
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INTRODUCTION Immune Defense at Muco
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Immune Defense at Mucosal Surfaces
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II Molecular Basis for Immunotherap
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64 Kunert and Katinger IMMUNOGLOBUL
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66 Fig. 2. Monomeric, dimeric, and
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68 Kunert and Katinger Fig. 4. Humo
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70 Kunert and Katinger remove prote
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72 Kunert and Katinger Fig. 6. Diff
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74 Kunert and Katinger persons of a
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76 Kunert and Katinger that so-call
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78 Kunert and Katinger whereas sele
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80 Kunert and Katinger Different pr
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82 Kunert and Katinger HUMAN/MOUSE
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84 Kunert and Katinger are expresse
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86 Kunert and Katinger missing meta
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88 Kunert and Katinger Fig. 8. Sche
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90 Kunert and Katinger include a se
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92 Kunert and Katinger 32. Lee S, e
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94 Kunert and Katinger 72. Abbs IC,
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96 Kunert and Katinger 117. Wright
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Dendritic Cells 101 several organis
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Dendritic Cells 103 tion that infec
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Dendritic Cells 105 chaperones such
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Dendritic Cells 107 CD8� CTLs, th
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Dendritic Cells 109 complete tumor
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Dendritic Cells 111 19. Holland SM,
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Dendritic Cells 113 mouse pneumonit
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Dendritic Cells 115 dendritic cells
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INTRODUCTION Cytokines, Cytokine An
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Cytokines, Cytokine Antagonists, an
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Principles of Vaccine Development F
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Principles of Vaccine Development 1
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INTRODUCTION Immunopathogenesis of
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Immunopathogenesis of HIV Disease 1
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164 Connick counts ranged from 73 t
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166 Connick retinitis in an individ
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168 Connick A novel method of ident
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170 Connick occurs quite early in i
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172 Connick 2. Delta Coordinating C
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174 Connick 39. Hurni MA, Bohlen L,
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176 Connick 76. Dolan M.J., Clerici
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178 Connick 114. Komanduri KV, Visw
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Active Immunization for HIV Infecti
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200 Jacobson changes of gp120 alter
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202 Jacobson is reduced (54,55). A
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204 Jacobson Table 2 Potential Prot
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206 Jacobson from the SIV/17E-Cl-in
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208 Jacobson Several groups have de
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210 Jacobson HUMAN STUDIES Polyclon
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212 Jacobson clinical isolates, whi
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214 Jacobson 22. Beasley RP, Hwang
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216 Jacobson 59. Yoshiyama H, Mo H,
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218 Jacobson 95. Prince AM, Reesink
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220 Jacobson 133. Stiehm ER, Lamber
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222 Kilby and Bucy Although clinica
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224 Kilby and Bucy can infect human
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226 Kilby and Bucy the proinflammat
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228 Kilby and Bucy CD3/CD28, and th
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230 Kilby and Bucy of viral replica
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232 Kilby and Bucy 21. Cao Y, Qin L
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234 Kilby and Bucy 64. Pantaleo G,
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236 Kilby and Bucy 101. Clements-Ma
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238 Dornburg and Pomerantz cells (5
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240 Dornburg and Pomerantz Fig. 2.
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242 Dornburg and Pomerantz domains
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244 Dornburg and Pomerantz GENETIC
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246 Dornburg and Pomerantz Fig. 5.
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248 Dornburg and Pomerantz 6. Balti
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Viral Infections Other than HIV 253
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 261 c
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 263 o
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 265 I
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 267 R
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 269 T
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 271 1
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Virus-Associated Malignancies 273 5
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Page 288 and 289: Bacterial Infections and Sepsis 277
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Page 295 and 296: 284 Wallis and Johnson replication
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Page 315 and 316: 304 Table 1 Major Fungal Infections
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Page 335 and 336: 324 Index Blastomycosis, see Fungal
Page 337: 326 Index C-type retrovirus vectors
Page 341 and 342: 330 Index Vaccine Recombinant vecto
Page 343: Infectious Disease IMMUNOTHERAPY FO
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