Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases

Fungal Infections 317
modalities in patients with fungal infection. In the next few years, one can anticipate
that dozens of compounds in the form of cytokines, interleukins, growth factors, vaccines,
and antibodies may become available, providing physicians with powerful options
for enhancing immune function. In fact, the biologic revolution may deliver potential
immune therapeutic agents to the bedside at a rate faster than the medical mycology
community can evaluate them. Biologic response modifiers and immune therapies are
complex modalities that require a sophisticated understanding of immune function and
microbial pathogenesis for optimal use. Considering the diversity of fungal pathogens,
the complexity of the immune system, the variety of immune modulators available, and
the heterogeneity of patients with immune deficiencies at risk for fungal infection, the
current challenge is to design systems for the expedient testing of immune therapy.
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