Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases

Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases

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Immunopathogenesis of HIV Disease 161 Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study. Science 1996; 273:1856–1862. 24. Fauci AS. Multifactorial nature of human immunodeficiency virus disease: implications for therapy. Science 1993; 262:1011–1018. 25. Moore JP, Cao Y, Ho DD, Koup RA. Development of the anti-gp120 antibody response during seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 1994; 68:5142–5155. 26. Panteleo G, Demarest JF, Soudeys H, et al. Major expansion of CD8 T cells with a predominant V beta usage during the primary immune response to HIV. Nature 1994; 370:463–467. 27. Mackewicz CE,Yang LC, Lifson JD, Levy JA. Non-cytolytic CD8 T-cell anti-HIV responses in primary HIV-1 infection. Lancet 1994; 344:1671–1673. 28. Dye C, Scheele S, Dolin P, et al. Global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country. JAMA 1999; 282:677–686. 29. Pantaleo G, Fauci AS. New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Annu Rev Immunol 1995; 13:487–512. 30. Cullen BR. HIV-1 auxilliary proteins: making connections in a dying cell. Cell 1998; 93:685–692. 31. Rosenberg ES, Walker BD. Characterization of HIV-1 specific T helper cells in acute and chronic infection. Immunol Lett 1999; 66:89–93. 32. Hellerstein M, Hanley MB, Ktzin BL, et al. Directly measured kinetics of circulating T lymphocytes in normal and HIV-1 infected humans. Nat Ned 1999; 5:83–89. 33. Douek DC, McFarland RD, Keisre PH, et al. Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection. Nature 1998; 396:690–695. 34. Fan J, Bass HZ, Fahey JL. Elevated IFN-gamma and decreased IL-2 gene expression are associated with HIV infection. J Immunol 1993; 151:5031–5040. 35. Laurence J, Hodtsev A, Posnett DN. Suprantigen implicated in dependence of HIV-1 replication in T cells on TCR V beta expression. Nature 1992; 58:255–259. 36. Shearer GM. HIV-Induced Immunopathogenesis (review). Immunity 1998; 9:587–593. 37. Andersson J, Fehniger TE, Patterson BK, et al. Early reduction of immune activation in lymphoid tissue following highly active HIV therapy. AIDS 1998; 12:F123–F129. 38. Li TS, Tubiana R, Katlama C, et al. Long-lasting recovery in CD4 T-cell function and viralload reduction after highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV disease. Lancet 1998; 351:1682–1686. 39. Lederman MM, Conick E, Landay A, et al. Immunologic reponses associated with 12 weeks of antiretroviral therapy consisting of zidovudine, lamivudine, and ritonavir: results of AIDS clinical trials group protocol 315. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:70–79. 40. Connick E, Lederman MM, Kotzin BL, et al. Immune reconstitution in the first year of potent antiretroviral therapy and its relationship to virologic resonse. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:358–363. 41. Giorgi JV, Liu Z, Huitlin LE, et al. Elevated levels of CD38�CD8� T cells in HIV infection add to the prognostic value of low CD4� T cell levels: results of 6 years of followup. J Acquir Imm Defic Syndr 1993; 6:904–912.

Immunopathogenesis of HIV Disease 161<br />

Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort<br />

Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study. Science 1996; 273:1856–1862.<br />

24. Fauci AS. Multifactorial nature of human immunodeficiency virus disease: implications <strong>for</strong><br />

therapy. Science 1993; 262:1011–1018.<br />

25. Moore JP, Cao Y, Ho DD, Koup RA. Development of the anti-gp120 antibody response during<br />

seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 1994; 68:5142–5155.<br />

26. Panteleo G, Demarest JF, Soudeys H, et al. Major expansion of CD8 T cells with a predominant<br />

V beta usage during the primary immune response to HIV. Nature 1994;<br />

370:463–467.<br />

27. Mackewicz CE,Yang LC, Lifson JD, Levy JA. Non-cytolytic CD8 T-cell anti-HIV responses<br />

in primary HIV-1 infection. Lancet 1994; 344:1671–1673.<br />

28. Dye C, Scheele S, Dolin P, et al. Global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence,<br />

and mortality by country. JAMA 1999; 282:677–686.<br />

29. Pantaleo G, Fauci AS. New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Annu<br />

Rev Immunol 1995; 13:487–512.<br />

30. Cullen BR. HIV-1 auxilliary proteins: making connections in a dying cell. Cell 1998;<br />

93:685–692.<br />

31. Rosenberg ES, Walker BD. Characterization of HIV-1 specific T helper cells in acute and<br />

chronic infection. Immunol Lett 1999; 66:89–93.<br />

32. Hellerstein M, Hanley MB, Ktzin BL, et al. Directly measured kinetics of circulating T<br />

lymphocytes in normal and HIV-1 infected humans. Nat Ned 1999; 5:83–89.<br />

33. Douek DC, McFarland RD, Keisre PH, et al. Changes in thymic function with age and during<br />

the treatment of HIV infection. Nature 1998; 396:690–695.<br />

34. Fan J, Bass HZ, Fahey JL. Elevated IFN-gamma and decreased IL-2 gene expression are<br />

associated with HIV infection. J Immunol 1993; 151:5031–5040.<br />

35. Laurence J, Hodtsev A, Posnett DN. Suprantigen implicated in dependence of HIV-1 replication<br />

in T cells on TCR V beta expression. Nature 1992; 58:255–259.<br />

36. Shearer GM. HIV-Induced Immunopathogenesis (review). Immunity 1998; 9:587–593.<br />

37. Andersson J, Fehniger TE, Patterson BK, et al. Early reduction of immune activation in<br />

lymphoid tissue following highly active HIV therapy. AIDS 1998; 12:F123–F129.<br />

38. Li TS, Tubiana R, Katlama C, et al. Long-lasting recovery in CD4 T-cell function and viralload<br />

reduction after highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV disease. Lancet<br />

1998; 351:1682–1686.<br />

39. Lederman MM, Conick E, Landay A, et al. Immunologic reponses associated with 12<br />

weeks of antiretroviral therapy consisting of zidovudine, lamivudine, and ritonavir: results<br />

of AIDS clinical trials group protocol 315. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:70–79.<br />

40. Connick E, Lederman MM, Kotzin BL, et al. Immune reconstitution in the first year of<br />

potent antiretroviral therapy and its relationship to virologic resonse. J Infect Dis 2000;<br />

181:358–363.<br />

41. Giorgi JV, Liu Z, Huitlin LE, et al. Elevated levels of CD38�CD8� T cells in HIV infection<br />

add to the prognostic value of low CD4� T cell levels: results of 6 years of followup.<br />

J Acquir Imm Defic Syndr 1993; 6:904–912.

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