Studies of vegetative propagation of the lychee (Litchi chinensis ...

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210 W. S. Abutiate & N. Y. Nakasone (1972) Ghana Jnl agric. Sci. S, 201-211 Sitton (1929) and Swarbrick (1926). In this study, Buck, G. J. C1?53).The histological development o~the the secondary cambial derivatives were observed to bud graft union In roses. Proc. Am. Soc. hort. Set. 62, 'b call fi . b th '" 497-502. contn ue to us ormatIOn ut e partICIpatIOn of the ray cells in the healing process could not be clearly established. Crafts (1934) and Bradford & Sitton (1929) further observed that the vascular cambium also contributed cells to the graft union but in this study there was no conclusive evidence to establish the cambium as directly contributing to callus formation. As observed also by Mendel (1936) and Saas (1933) the pith did not contribute callus in the healing process of the lychee grafts. The results of the side-wedge grafts also corroborated the findings of Mendel (1936) that both the stock and scion may contribute callus in the healing process. From the growth behaviour of the lychee, Venning (1949) postulated that successful unions may depend upon the chances of any two active cambial areas being in juxtaposition. Since there are no external indicators to cambial activity in this stem, success of union will undoubtedly depend upon the chances of two active cambial areas being in contact. The results of this study have indicated that successful grafting may depend upon the interplay between a number of factors including cambial activity in the two symbionts, the level of carbohydrates in the stems and cultivar characteristics. Both rooting of suitable stem cuttings with the aid of hormones and side-grafting of old stocks using prepared scions may be used only to a limited extent. For large-scale propagation, however, young seedlings are preferred since a higher percentage of successful unions may be obtained. Recent work by Kadman & Slor in Israel has clearly established this fact. REFERENCES Artschwager, E. (1951) Anatomical studies of graft unions between guayule and sunflower. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 1040, 16-17; 23-26. Bradford, F. C. & Sitton, B. G. (1929) Defective graft unions in the apple and the pear. Tech. Bull. Mich. St. Univ. agric. Exp. Stn 99,1-106. Brandon, Dorothy (1939) Seasonal variations of starch content in the genus Rosa and their relation to propagation by stem cuttings.J. hort. Sci. 17,233-253. Carlson, M. C. (1929)Microchemical studies of rooting and non-rooting rose cuttings. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. Pl. Res. 1, 529-545. Chandler, W. H. (1958) Evergreen orchards, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. Cooper, W. C. & Knowlton, K. R. (1939)The effect of synthetic growth substances on the rooting of subtropical fruit plants. Proc. Am. Soc. hort. Sci. 37, 1093-1098. Crafts, A. S. (1934) Phloem anatomy in two species of Nicotiana with notes on the interspecific graft union. Bot. Gaz. 94, 597-608. Doran, W. L. (1941) The propagation of some trees and shrubs by cuttings. Bull. Mass. agric. Exp. Stn 382,56. Fahmy, Ibrahim (1952) Grafting studies on Macadamia and Sapodilla in relation to carbohydrate, using pre-girdled scions. Proc. Am. Soc. hort. Sci. 65, 190-192. Horwitz, William (ed.) (1960) Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 9th ed., p. 832. Washington 4 D.C.: Benjamin Franklin Station. Jones, W. W. & Beaumong, J. H. (1937) Carbohydrate accumulation in relation to vegetative propagation of the litchi (Litchi chinensis). Science, 86, 313. Juliano, Jose B. (1941) Callus development in graft unions. Philipp. J. Sci. 75, 245-251. Kadman, A. & Slor, E. Experiments with propagation of the litchi (Litchi chinensis) in Israel. Indian J. Hort. (In press.) Kostoff, Dontcho (1938) Studies on callus tissue. Am. J. Bot. 15, 576. Kruas, E. J. & Kraybill, H. R. (1918) Vegetation and reproduction with special reference to the tomato. Bull. Ore. agric. Coil. 149, 1-10. Mendel, Kurt (1936) The anatomy and histology of the bud union in citrus. Palest. J. Bot. hort. Sci. 1, 13-46. Mergen, Francois (1954) Anatomical study of slash pine graft union. Q.Jl Pla Acad. Sci. 17,238-245. Mollart, D. L. (1954) The control of cambial activity in Rubinia pseudacadia. (M.Sc. thesis.) Manchester: University of Manchester. Murneek, A. E. (1941) Relative carbohydrate and nitrogen concentration in new tissue produced on ringed branches. Proc. Am. Soc. hort. Sci. 38, 133-136.
Vegetative propagation of the Iychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) 211 Nitsch, J. P. (1957) Photoperiodism in woody plants. Snyder, W. E. (1955) The effect of photoperiod on Proc. Am. Soc. hart. Sci. 70,526-544. cuttings of Taxus cuspidata in the propagation bench Reid, M. E. (1926)Growth of tomato cuttings in relation to stored carbohydrate and nitrogenous compounds. Am. J. Bot. 13, 548-574. Saas, John E. (1933) Formation of callus knots on apple grafts as related to the histology of the graftunion. Bot. Gaz. 94, 364-380. Schrader, A. L. (1924) The relation of chemical composition to the regeneration of roots and tops on tomato cuttings. Proc. Am. Soc. hart. Sci. 21, 187-194. Shippy, W. B. (1930) Influence of environment on the callusing of apple cuttings and grafts. Am. J. Bot. 17, 290-327. Snedecor, G. W. (1962) Statistical methods, 5th ed., Ch. 10, pp. 264-266. Ames: The Iowa State University Press. and during the first growing season. Proc. Am. Soc. hart. Sei. 66, 397-402. Starring, C. C. (1923) Influence of the carbohydratenitrate content of cuttings upon the production of roots. Proc. Am. Soc. hart. Sci. 20, 288-292. Swarbrick, Thomas (1926) The healing of wounds in woody stems.J. Pomol. 6, 29-46. Traub, H. P. (1937) Growth substances with particular reference to tropical fruit plants. Proc. Am. Soc. hart. Sci. 35, 438-442. Venning, Frank D. (1949) Anatomy and secondary growth in the axis of Litchi chinensis(Sonn.). Q.J. Fla Acad. Sci. 12,51-60. Wight, W. (1933) Radial growth of the xylem and the starch reserves of Pinus silvestris. New Phytol. 32, 77-96.
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