IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business: WebSEAL Administration ...

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Note: Traditional applications bundle the policy enforcer and resource manager into one process. Examples of this structure include WebSEAL and third-party applications. v An authorization service performs the decision-making action on the request. The following diagram illustrates the complete authorization process: 1. An authenticated client request for a resource is directed to the resource manager and intercepted by the policy enforcer process. The resource manager can be WebSEAL (for HTTP, HTTPS access) or a third-party application. 2. The policy enforcer process uses the Tivoli Access Manager authorization API to call the authorization service for an authorization decision. 3. The authorization service performs an authorization check on the resource, represented as an object in the protected object space. Base POP policies are checked first. Next the ACL policy attached to the object is checked against the client’s credentials. Then, POP policies enforced by the resource manager are checked. 4. The decision to accept or deny the request is returned as a recommendation to the resource manager (through the policy enforcer). 5. If the request is finally approved, the resource manager passes the request on to the application responsible for the resource. 6. The client receives the results of the requested operation. Planning and implementing the security policy A corporate security policy identifies: v The Web resources requiring protection v The level of protection Tivoli Access Manager uses a virtual representation of these Web resources, called the protected object space. The protected object space contains objects that represent actual physical resources in your network. client authorization service Secure Domain authorization policy protected object space 2. Request for authorization (authAPI) 5. Authorized operation 1. Request 6. Response 3. Authorization check 4. Authorization decision (authAPI) resources / resource manager policy enforcer Figure 1. The Tivoli Access Manager authorization process 6 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business: WebSEAL Administration Guide
You implement security policy by applying the appropriate security mechanisms to the objects requiring protection. Security mechanisms include: v Access control list (ACL) policies ACL policies identify user types that can be considered for access and specify the operations permitted on the object. v Protected object policies (POP) A POP specifies additional conditions governing the access to the protected object, such as privacy, integrity, auditing, and time-of-day access. v Extended attributes Extended attributes are additional values placed on an object, ACL, or POP that can be read and interpreted by third-party applications (such as an external authorization service). The core component of Tivoli Access Manager is the Tivoli Access Manager authorization service—which permits or denies access to protected objects (resources) based on the user’s credentials and the access controls placed on the objects. To successfully implement the security policy, you must logically organize the different content types (as described in “Identifying content types and levels of protection” on page 7) and apply the appropriate ACL and POP policies. Access control management can be very complex and is made much easier by careful categorization of the content types. Identifying content types and levels of protection As the security administrator of your Web space, you must correctly identify the types of content available to a variety of user types. Some content must be highly protected and available only to specific users; other content is for general public view. Each security scenario demands different protection requirements and the associated WebSEAL configuration. It is your responsibility to: v Know your Web content v Identify the types of users requiring access to this content v Understand the strengths and weaknesses of the available WebSEAL configuration options for securing this content Protection of Web content falls into three broad categories: 1. Public content – access requires no protection v Unauthenticated clients access using HTTP v Unauthenticated credential used for access control to resources v Basic WebSEAL configuration requirements 2. Public content – access requires privacy (encryption) v Unauthenticated clients access using HTTPS v Encryption required to protect sensitive data required by application server (such as credit card numbers and user account information) v Unauthenticated credential used for access control to resources v WebSEAL configuration needs to stipulate privacy 3. Private content – access requires authentication Chapter 1. IBM Tivoli Access Manager WebSEAL overview 7
Page 1: IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-bus
Page 4 and 5: Note Before using this information
Page 6 and 7: Silent configuration overview . . .
Page 8 and 9: Event capturing and logging . . . .
Page 10 and 11: Token authentication concepts . . .
Page 12 and 13: Configuring WebSEAL key database pa
Page 14 and 15: Preserving cookie names . . . . . .
Page 16 and 17: Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 18 and 19: xvi IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e
Page 20 and 21: This chapter introduces you to impo
Page 22 and 23: Web security information v IBM Tivo
Page 24 and 25: v Secure Sockets Layer Introduction
Page 26 and 27: The following documents associated
Page 28 and 29: Monospace Code examples, command li
Page 30 and 31: IBM Tivoli Access Manager WebSEAL:
Page 32 and 33: The access control list (ACL) An ac
Page 36 and 37: v Authenticated clients access usin
Page 38 and 39: v A user makes a request for a reso
Page 40 and 41: A unified Web space simplifies the
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Page 44 and 45: Server instance configuration This
Page 46 and 47: Table 1. WebSEAL instances sharing
Page 48 and 49: - When the Web document root is not
Page 50 and 51: -ssl_yn ssl_enable_yes_no -key_file
Page 52 and 53: Server instance configuration tasks
Page 54 and 55: Removing a server instance To remov
Page 56 and 57: Communication protocol configuratio
Page 58 and 59: Restricting connections from specif
Page 60 and 61: Cryptographic hardware for encrypti
Page 62 and 63: You can specify whether to enable F
Page 64 and 65: 3. In the Open dialog window, selec
Page 66 and 67: Quality of protection levels You ca
Page 68 and 69: Configuring authorization database
Page 70 and 71: 3. Change the settings for the data
Page 72 and 73: Multi-locale support with UTF-8 Thi
Page 74 and 75: WebSEAL generates logging and audit
Page 76 and 77: Configuring multi-locale support Co
Page 78 and 79: WebSEAL does not recognize UTF-8 en
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Page 82 and 83: Language System Directory English (
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Preventing vulnerability caused by
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Replicated front-end WebSEAL server
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The session cookie links to session
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Table 4. P3P default header values
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Table 6. Supported values for the c
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For each value specified for purpos
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example, when your compact policy s
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70 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-
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Server tasks Start a WebSEAL server
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Managing the Web space The followin
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You can configure the specific grap
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Parameter Description cache-type Sp
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HTTP data compression WebSEAL serve
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Compression policy in POPs You can
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HTTP error message pages When WebSE
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Filename Title Description HTTP Err
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Managing custom account management
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Macro Description %CERTAUTHN% Subst
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Backup and restore Tivoli Access Ma
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Problem determination tools for Web
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Logging WebSEAL serviceability mess
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Event capturing and logging You can
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In this example, none of the option
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Authentication event log output Aut
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Table 18. Authentication errors (co
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Log Files Location Parameter Enable
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Displaying referer.log The referer.
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WebSEAL-specific ACL policies The f
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Configuring three strikes login pol
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Configuring password strength polic
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Specific user and global settings T
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v token authentication v certificat
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The entry level = unauthenticated m
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Table 20. Example integer values fo
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pdadmin> pop modify test set ipauth
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Quality of protection POP policy Th
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128 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e
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Overview of the authentication proc
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Managing session state A secure con
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This value corresponds to the numbe
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eauthenticating the user. WebSEAL u
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v Because the cookies are available
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Authentication configuration overvi
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Configuring multiple authentication
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3. When the client makes an additio
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You can configure the username and
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Configuration conditions If forms a
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If the security policy does require
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Setting Description accept-client-c
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Thus, the default value for cert-ca
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HTTP header authentication Tivoli A
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See also: v “Authentication metho
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Token authentication Tivoli Access
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2. WebSEAL returns an authenticatio
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4. Restart the WebSEAL server. See
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Failover authentication This sectio
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authenticates using forms authentic
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Administrators can configure WebSEA
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cookie. By using the cookie, the We
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Specify the protocol for failover c
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Backwards compatibility WebSEAL ser
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[failover-add-attributes] attribute
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v When this value is no, and the se
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SPNEGO protocol and Kerberos authen
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v The client cannot use an SSL sess
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Switch user authentication The WebS
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9. The administrator ends the switc
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supported mechanism, an additional
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The authentication method parameter
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The default file name is switchuser
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xauthn_username xauthn_qop xauthn_i
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Server-side request caching This se
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v “Modifying request-body-max-rea
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Configuring reauthentication based
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Extending the session cache entry l
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Configuring reauthentication based
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Extending the session cache entry l
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Automatic redirection during user l
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Configuring post password change pr
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WebSEAL provides an external authen
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credattrs_email joeuser@bigco.com c
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Credential refresh This section con
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The default lifetime of data in the
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Credential refresh configuration To
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efresh can succeed. Likewise, when
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Managing client-side and server-sid
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At installation, WebSEAL uses the s
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Setting the maximum number of cache
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Windows desktop single sign-on This
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v Failover authentication The failo
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Each WebSEAL instance must have a s
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highly secure password, such as a r
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Note: The location of the kinit uti
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v When a problem occurs, consider e
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The link contains a special CDSSO m
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2. Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf so the h
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[authentication-mechanisms] sso-cre
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http://websealB/resource.html?PD-ID
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Each entry in the WebSEAL is assign
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e-community single sign-on E-commun
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A user who fails authentication wit
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4. After successful login, the MAS
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v The domain-specific cookie contai
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owser is Microsoft Internet Explore
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1. Enabling and disabling e-communi
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[e-community-domain-keys] dA.com =
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For example: [e-community-sso] vf-u
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[server] pre-510-compatible-tokens
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[ecsso-incoming-attributes] my_spec
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WebSEAL junctions overview You can
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Managing junctions with Web Portal
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Configuring a basic WebSEAL junctio
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Mutually authenticated SSL junction
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v It is highly recommended that you
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WebSEAL-to-WebSEAL junctions over S
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v “Processing URLs in requests”
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Modifying absolute URLs with script
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To solve this problem: 1. Always wr
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You must create the jmt.conf mappin
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Part 2: -j junctions modify Set-Coo
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Supplying client identity in HTTP h
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[junction] max-webseal-header-size
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ack-end server UUID to each front-e
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v Back-end server 2 is called APP2
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lcp_uri URI encoded local code page
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v Do not mark any certificate in th
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1. Copy query_contents.sh into a fu
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Typical output looks like: 100 inde
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Configuring BA headers for single s
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Forwarding original client BA heade
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Using global sign-on (GSO) Tivoli A
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Configuring a GSO-enabled WebSEAL j
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Configuring single sign-on to IBM W
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Configuring single sign-on forms au
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WebSEAL parses the HTML page to ide
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[loginpage1] login-page = /cgi-bin/
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It is not necessary to specify hidd
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Supporting CGI programming To suppo
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Supporting back-end server-side app
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v Short name of the server v IP add
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pdadmin> objectspace create /Resour
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A single user that logs in multiple
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346 IBM automatically with no user
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Note: If you use Web Portal Manager
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Object Space Entry URL Template /ow
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The following sample dynurl.conf fi
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The security policy To provide suit
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Overview of ADI retrieval The Tivol
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The resource-manager-provided-adi p
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Retrieving ADI from the user creden
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Dynamic ADI retrieval Rules can be
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Basic configuration Basic configura
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trace_verbose_get_entitlement If se
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Erandt_Securtities_Entitlements e
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http://ese.erant.com/attributes 1 U
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376 IBM v v /opt/pdwebars/protocol_
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Windows C:\Program Files\Tivoli\PDW
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including tracking CGI types, compi
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Stanza organization The remainder o
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Server configuration v [server] v [
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HTTP/1.1 connection timeout, in sec
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Location of the file that contains
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Enable or disable support for UTF-8
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Specifies how WebSEAL responds to r
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Host name of the LDAP server. The W
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cache-group-expire-time = number_of
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String that specifies the key label
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Active Directory [uraf-ad] stanza a
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ind-pwd = admin_password Encoded ad
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LDAP port number for the Lotus Domi
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Secure Socket Layer [ssl] stanza we
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Disables support for SSL Version 2.
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Port number for communication with
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Indicates whether automatic refresh
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Authentication methods [ba] stanza
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Specifies how to handle certificate
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Step-up authentication levels. WebS
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Fully qualified path for a library
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failover-certificate = fully_qualif
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Authentication failover v [failover
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List of attributes from the origina
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Cross-domain single sign-on v [cdss
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attribute_pattern = {preserve|refre
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Integer value specifying the port n
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File names for keys for any domains
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List of string values to specify th
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Integer value for lifetime, in seco
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Content This section contains the f
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Specifies how standard WebSEAL HTML
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Page containing a change password f
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Automatic redirect v [acnt-mgt] v [
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List containing system environment
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Relative path name to a graphics fi
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Content compression v [compress-mim
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Content encodings [content-encoding
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Junction management [junction] stan
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Positive integer value indicating t
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Document filtering [filter-url] sta
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Scheme filtering [filter-schemes] s
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Script filtering v [script-filterin
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Credential refresh [credential-refr
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Integer value that specifies the ti
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Integer value that specifies the ti
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Enables or disables the requests lo
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Auditing [aznapi-configuration] sta
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Specifies event logging for the spe
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The maximum size of the in-memory p
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Policy server v [policy-director] v
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Specifies the type of access the us
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v state Mechanisms for maintaining
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Specifies the purpose of the inform
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Specifies the recipients of the inf
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For example, if the configured name
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-p port TCP port of the back-end th
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IBM may use or distribute any of th
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asic authentication configuring 145
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F failover authentication configura
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key management (continued) managing
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eauthentication (continued) based o
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User Registry Adapter Framework (UR
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