IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business: WebSEAL Administration ...

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Configuring a basic WebSEAL junction WebSEAL supports both standard TCP (HTTP) and secure SSL (HTTPS) junctions between WebSEAL and back-end Web application servers. The junction between WebSEAL and the back-end server is independent of the type of connection (and its level of security) between the client and the WebSEAL server. The mandatory command options required to create a basic WebSEAL junction using pdadmin include: v Host name of the back-end application server ( –h option) v Junction type: tcp, ssl, tcpproxy, sslproxy, local ( –t option) v Junction point (mount point) pdadmin> server task instance_name-webseald-host-name \ create -t type -h host_name jct_point For example: pdadmin> server task web1-webseald-cruz create -t tcp -h doc.tivoli.com /pubs Note: A ″best practices″ recommendation is to always use the fully qualified domain name of the back-end server when specifying the argument to the –h option. Creating TCP type junctions A WebSEAL junction over a TCP connection provides the basic properties of a junction but does not provide secure communication across the junction. To create a secure TCP junction and add an initial server, use the create command with the –t tcp option: pdadmin> server task webseald-instance-name create -t tcp -h host-name \ [-p port] jct-point The default port value for a TCP junction (if not specified) is 80. Creating SSL type junctions SSL junctions function exactly like TCP junctions, with the added value that all communication between WebSEAL and the back-end server is encrypted. SSL junctions allow secure end-to-end browser-to-application transactions. You can use SSL to secure communications from the client to WebSEAL and from WebSEAL to the back-end server. The back-end server must be HTTPS-enabled when you use an SSL junction. To create a secure SSL junction and add an initial server, use the create command with the –t ssl option: pdadmin> server task instance_name-webseald-host-name create -t ssl -h host_name \ [-p port] jct_point The default port value for an SSL junction (if not specified) is 443. Verifying the back-end server certificate When a client makes a request for a resource on the back-end server, WebSEAL, in its role as a security server, performs the request on behalf of the client. The SSL 280 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business: WebSEAL Administration Guide
protocol specifies that when a request is made to the back-end server, that server must provide proof of its identity using a server-side certificate. When WebSEAL receives this certificate from the back-end server, it must verify its authenticity by matching the certificate against a list of root CA certificates stored in its certificate database. Tivoli Access Manager uses the IBM Global Security Kit (GSKit) implementation of SSL. You must use the GSKit iKeyman utility to add the root certificate of the CA who signed the back-end server certificate to the WebSEAL certificate keyfile (pdsvr.kdb). Examples of SSL junctions Junction host sales.tivoli.com at junction point /sales over SSL: pdadmin> server task web1-webseald-cruz create -t ssl -h \ sales.tivoli.com /sales Note: In the above example, the –t ssl option dictates a default port of 443. Junction host travel_svr on port 4443 at junction point /travel over SSL: pdadmin> server task web1-webseald-cruz create -t ssl -p 4443 \ -h travel_svr /travel Disabling SSL protocol versions for junctions You can optionally disable one or more SSL protocol versions for junction connections. By default, the supported SSL versions are enabled. The WebSEAL configuration file provides the following entries by default: [junction] disable-ssl-v2 = no disable-ssl-v3 = no disable-tls-v1 = no To disable an SSL protocol version for junctions, set the corresponding entry to yes. Adding back-end servers to a junction To increase high availability of the resources protected by Tivoli Access Manager, you can junction multiple replica back-end servers to the same junction point. v Multiple back-end servers junctioned to the same point must have identical WebSEAL versions and identical Web document spaces. v Multiple back-end servers junctioned to the same point must use the same connection type (TCP or SSL). v WebSEAL uses a least busy algorithm to determine which back-end server replica has the fewest number of request connections and forwards any new request to that server. Create the initial junction. For example: pdadmin> server task web1-webseald-cruz create -t tcp -h server1 /sales Add an additional back-end server replica. For example: pdadmin> server task web1-webseald-cruz add -h server2 /sales Chapter 10. WebSEAL junctions 281
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IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-bus
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Note Before using this information
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Silent configuration overview . . .
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Event capturing and logging . . . .
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Token authentication concepts . . .
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Configuring WebSEAL key database pa
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Preserving cookie names . . . . . .
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Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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xvi IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e
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This chapter introduces you to impo
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Web security information v IBM Tivo
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v Secure Sockets Layer Introduction
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The following documents associated
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Monospace Code examples, command li
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IBM Tivoli Access Manager WebSEAL:
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The access control list (ACL) An ac
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Note: Traditional applications bund
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v Authenticated clients access usin
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v A user makes a request for a reso
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A unified Web space simplifies the
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14 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-
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Server instance configuration This
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Table 1. WebSEAL instances sharing
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- When the Web document root is not
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-ssl_yn ssl_enable_yes_no -key_file
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Server instance configuration tasks
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Removing a server instance To remov
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Communication protocol configuratio
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Restricting connections from specif
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Cryptographic hardware for encrypti
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You can specify whether to enable F
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3. In the Open dialog window, selec
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Quality of protection levels You ca
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Configuring authorization database
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3. Change the settings for the data
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Multi-locale support with UTF-8 Thi
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WebSEAL generates logging and audit
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Configuring multi-locale support Co
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WebSEAL does not recognize UTF-8 en
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ackwards compatibility, the format
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Language System Directory English (
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Preventing vulnerability caused by
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Replicated front-end WebSEAL server
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The session cookie links to session
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Table 4. P3P default header values
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Table 6. Supported values for the c
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For each value specified for purpos
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example, when your compact policy s
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70 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-
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Server tasks Start a WebSEAL server
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Managing the Web space The followin
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You can configure the specific grap
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Parameter Description cache-type Sp
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HTTP data compression WebSEAL serve
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Compression policy in POPs You can
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HTTP error message pages When WebSE
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Filename Title Description HTTP Err
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Managing custom account management
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Macro Description %CERTAUTHN% Subst
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Backup and restore Tivoli Access Ma
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Problem determination tools for Web
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Logging WebSEAL serviceability mess
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Event capturing and logging You can
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In this example, none of the option
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Authentication event log output Aut
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Table 18. Authentication errors (co
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Log Files Location Parameter Enable
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Displaying referer.log The referer.
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WebSEAL-specific ACL policies The f
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Configuring three strikes login pol
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Configuring password strength polic
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Specific user and global settings T
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v token authentication v certificat
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The entry level = unauthenticated m
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Table 20. Example integer values fo
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pdadmin> pop modify test set ipauth
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Quality of protection POP policy Th
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128 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e
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Overview of the authentication proc
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Managing session state A secure con
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This value corresponds to the numbe
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eauthenticating the user. WebSEAL u
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v Because the cookies are available
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Authentication configuration overvi
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Configuring multiple authentication
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3. When the client makes an additio
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You can configure the username and
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Configuration conditions If forms a
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If the security policy does require
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Setting Description accept-client-c
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Thus, the default value for cert-ca
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HTTP header authentication Tivoli A
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See also: v “Authentication metho
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Token authentication Tivoli Access
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2. WebSEAL returns an authenticatio
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4. Restart the WebSEAL server. See
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Failover authentication This sectio
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authenticates using forms authentic
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Administrators can configure WebSEA
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cookie. By using the cookie, the We
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Specify the protocol for failover c
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Backwards compatibility WebSEAL ser
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[failover-add-attributes] attribute
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v When this value is no, and the se
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SPNEGO protocol and Kerberos authen
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v The client cannot use an SSL sess
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Switch user authentication The WebS
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9. The administrator ends the switc
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supported mechanism, an additional
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The authentication method parameter
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The default file name is switchuser
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xauthn_username xauthn_qop xauthn_i
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Server-side request caching This se
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v “Modifying request-body-max-rea
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Configuring reauthentication based
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Extending the session cache entry l
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Configuring reauthentication based
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Extending the session cache entry l
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Automatic redirection during user l
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Configuring post password change pr
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WebSEAL provides an external authen
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credattrs_email joeuser@bigco.com c
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Credential refresh This section con
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The default lifetime of data in the
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Credential refresh configuration To
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efresh can succeed. Likewise, when
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Managing client-side and server-sid
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Page 266 and 267: Each WebSEAL instance must have a s
Page 268 and 269: highly secure password, such as a r
Page 270 and 271: Note: The location of the kinit uti
Page 272 and 273: v When a problem occurs, consider e
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Page 276 and 277: 2. Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf so the h
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Page 282 and 283: Each entry in the WebSEAL is assign
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Page 288 and 289: 4. After successful login, the MAS
Page 290 and 291: v The domain-specific cookie contai
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Page 294 and 295: 1. Enabling and disabling e-communi
Page 296 and 297: [e-community-domain-keys] dA.com =
Page 298 and 299: For example: [e-community-sso] vf-u
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Page 304 and 305: WebSEAL junctions overview You can
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Page 316 and 317: v “Processing URLs in requests”
Page 318 and 319: Modifying absolute URLs with script
Page 320 and 321: To solve this problem: 1. Always wr
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Page 328 and 329: [junction] max-webseal-header-size
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Page 332 and 333: v Back-end server 2 is called APP2
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Page 338 and 339: 1. Copy query_contents.sh into a fu
Page 340 and 341: Typical output looks like: 100 inde
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Page 344 and 345: Configuring BA headers for single s
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Page 352 and 353: Configuring single sign-on to IBM W
Page 354 and 355: Configuring single sign-on forms au
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[loginpage1] login-page = /cgi-bin/
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It is not necessary to specify hidd
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Supporting CGI programming To suppo
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Supporting back-end server-side app
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v Short name of the server v IP add
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pdadmin> objectspace create /Resour
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A single user that logs in multiple
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346 IBM automatically with no user
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Note: If you use Web Portal Manager
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Object Space Entry URL Template /ow
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The following sample dynurl.conf fi
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The security policy To provide suit
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Overview of ADI retrieval The Tivol
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The resource-manager-provided-adi p
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Retrieving ADI from the user creden
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Dynamic ADI retrieval Rules can be
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Basic configuration Basic configura
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trace_verbose_get_entitlement If se
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Erandt_Securtities_Entitlements e
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http://ese.erant.com/attributes 1 U
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376 IBM v v /opt/pdwebars/protocol_
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Windows C:\Program Files\Tivoli\PDW
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including tracking CGI types, compi
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Stanza organization The remainder o
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Server configuration v [server] v [
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HTTP/1.1 connection timeout, in sec
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Location of the file that contains
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Enable or disable support for UTF-8
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Specifies how WebSEAL responds to r
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Host name of the LDAP server. The W
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cache-group-expire-time = number_of
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String that specifies the key label
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Active Directory [uraf-ad] stanza a
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ind-pwd = admin_password Encoded ad
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LDAP port number for the Lotus Domi
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Secure Socket Layer [ssl] stanza we
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Disables support for SSL Version 2.
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Port number for communication with
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Indicates whether automatic refresh
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Authentication methods [ba] stanza
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Specifies how to handle certificate
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Step-up authentication levels. WebS
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Fully qualified path for a library
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failover-certificate = fully_qualif
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Authentication failover v [failover
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List of attributes from the origina
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Cross-domain single sign-on v [cdss
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attribute_pattern = {preserve|refre
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Integer value specifying the port n
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File names for keys for any domains
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List of string values to specify th
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Integer value for lifetime, in seco
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Content This section contains the f
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Specifies how standard WebSEAL HTML
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Page containing a change password f
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Automatic redirect v [acnt-mgt] v [
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List containing system environment
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Relative path name to a graphics fi
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Content compression v [compress-mim
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Content encodings [content-encoding
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Junction management [junction] stan
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Positive integer value indicating t
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Document filtering [filter-url] sta
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Scheme filtering [filter-schemes] s
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Script filtering v [script-filterin
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Credential refresh [credential-refr
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Integer value that specifies the ti
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Integer value that specifies the ti
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Enables or disables the requests lo
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Auditing [aznapi-configuration] sta
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Specifies event logging for the spe
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The maximum size of the in-memory p
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Policy server v [policy-director] v
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Specifies the type of access the us
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v state Mechanisms for maintaining
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Specifies the purpose of the inform
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Specifies the recipients of the inf
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For example, if the configured name
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-p port TCP port of the back-end th
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IBM may use or distribute any of th
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asic authentication configuring 145
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F failover authentication configura
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key management (continued) managing
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eauthentication (continued) based o
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User Registry Adapter Framework (UR
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