IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business: WebSEAL Administration ...

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The default lifetime of data in the WebSEAL user cache is 30 seconds. This lifetime begins when the data first enters the cache, such as when a user first authenticates, or when the cached data has expired and WebSEAL contacts the registry to update the data. WebSEAL contacts the registry to update the data during a credential refresh event. The cached information is valid for 30 seconds after it is first obtained from the registry. After 30 seconds, any credential refresh operations go directly to the user registry. The access to the user registry also causes the user data to be reloaded into the cache. The following example shows the algorithm for updating the user cache: 1. User authenticates at time auth_time. 2. User is added to a group at time auth_time + 120 seconds 3. User’s credential is refreshed at time auth_time + 130 seconds Because the user cache data expired at time auth_time + 30 seconds, the new group membership will be added to the user’s credential. Continuing with the same example: 1. User is then added to another group at time auth_time + 135 seconds 2. User’s credential is refreshed at time auth_time + 140 seconds When the user credential is refreshed at auth_time + 140 seconds, it does not pick up the new group membership. This is because the user credential is built off cached user data when the cached user data is considered valid (has not expired). Since the user cache data was updated at time auth_time + 130 seconds, it is not scheduled to be updated until auth_time + 160 seconds. Thus, the administrator must wait until time auth_time + 160 seconds to run the refresh command. At that time, the user credential will pick up the new group memberships. Configuration file syntax and usage The credential refresh behavior is controlled by entries in the [credential-refresh- attributes] stanza in the WebSEAL configuration file. The format is: attribute_name_pattern = {preserve|refresh} The attribute name pattern is used to select a given set of attributes. Wild card matching is supported. A particular attribute can possibly be matched by many different wild card patterns. Therefore, the order of elements in the configuration file is important. The firs pattern that matches a given attribute is the only pattern that applies to that attribute. Attribute names in attribute_name_pattern should not be case-sensitive because attribute names in credentials are not case-sensitive. Example – Preserve all of the tag value attributes added by an extended attribute CDAS: [credential-refresh-attributes] tagvalue_* = preserve Example – Update the tagvalue_last_refresh_time attribute with the value from the new credential, but preserve all other attributes that begin with tagvalue_: [credential-refresh-attributes] tagvalue_last_refresh_time = refresh tagvalue_* = preserve 222 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business: WebSEAL Administration Guide
Note that the ordering of attributes in the file is important. In the following example, tagvalue_last_refresh_time will not be refreshed because it is first matched by the tagvalue_* entry, which is set to preserve: [credential-refresh-attributes] tagvalue_* = preserve tagvalue_last_refresh_time = refresh Avoid preserving attributes that begin with the letters AZN_. Such attributes are typically used internally by the authorization API during authorization decisions. These attributes are discussed in more detail in the IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business Authorization C API Developer Reference. In that book, see the discussion on obtaining attribute lists from credentials. Default settings for preserve and refresh The default settings in the WebSEAL configuration file are: [credential-refresh-attributes] authentication_level = preserve tagvalue_* = preserve These settings result in the following behavior: v The user authentication level is preserved when credentials are refreshed. During a user session, the user authentication level can change when authentication strength policy (step-authentication) is applied. In most cases, you want to preserve the modified authentication level during a credential refresh. If you do not want to preserve the authentication level, change the configuration file entry: authentication_level = refresh v The tagvalue_* entry preserves all credential attributes whose name begins with the characters tagvalue_. Attributes with the prefix tagvalue_ are typically supplied by external authentication services (CDASs) that want to add user information to the credential. The prefix is needed to ensure that the credentials are included when WebSEAL inserts credential data into an HTTP header to send across a junction. Limitations v It is not possible to call extended attribute CDASs during credential refresh. When you have an attribute that must be able to be refreshed during a credential refresh, use the credentials attribute entitlement service to set the attribute, or use a credential refresh rule to preserve the attribute. v It is not possible to avoid calling the credentials attribute entitlement service during credential refresh. When you have an attribute that should be set only once, during initial authentication, use an extended attribute CDAS to set the attribute. Chapter 7. Advanced WebSEAL authentication 223
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IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-bus
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Note Before using this information
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Silent configuration overview . . .
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Event capturing and logging . . . .
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Token authentication concepts . . .
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Configuring WebSEAL key database pa
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Preserving cookie names . . . . . .
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Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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xvi IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e
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This chapter introduces you to impo
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Web security information v IBM Tivo
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v Secure Sockets Layer Introduction
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The following documents associated
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Monospace Code examples, command li
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IBM Tivoli Access Manager WebSEAL:
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The access control list (ACL) An ac
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Note: Traditional applications bund
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v Authenticated clients access usin
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v A user makes a request for a reso
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A unified Web space simplifies the
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14 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-
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Server instance configuration This
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Table 1. WebSEAL instances sharing
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- When the Web document root is not
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-ssl_yn ssl_enable_yes_no -key_file
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Server instance configuration tasks
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Removing a server instance To remov
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Communication protocol configuratio
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Restricting connections from specif
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Cryptographic hardware for encrypti
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You can specify whether to enable F
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3. In the Open dialog window, selec
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Quality of protection levels You ca
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Configuring authorization database
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3. Change the settings for the data
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Multi-locale support with UTF-8 Thi
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WebSEAL generates logging and audit
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Configuring multi-locale support Co
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WebSEAL does not recognize UTF-8 en
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ackwards compatibility, the format
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Language System Directory English (
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Preventing vulnerability caused by
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Replicated front-end WebSEAL server
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The session cookie links to session
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Table 4. P3P default header values
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Table 6. Supported values for the c
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For each value specified for purpos
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example, when your compact policy s
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70 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-
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Server tasks Start a WebSEAL server
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Managing the Web space The followin
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You can configure the specific grap
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Parameter Description cache-type Sp
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HTTP data compression WebSEAL serve
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Compression policy in POPs You can
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HTTP error message pages When WebSE
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Filename Title Description HTTP Err
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Managing custom account management
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Macro Description %CERTAUTHN% Subst
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Backup and restore Tivoli Access Ma
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Problem determination tools for Web
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Logging WebSEAL serviceability mess
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Event capturing and logging You can
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In this example, none of the option
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Authentication event log output Aut
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Table 18. Authentication errors (co
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Log Files Location Parameter Enable
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Displaying referer.log The referer.
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WebSEAL-specific ACL policies The f
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Configuring three strikes login pol
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Configuring password strength polic
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Specific user and global settings T
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v token authentication v certificat
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The entry level = unauthenticated m
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Table 20. Example integer values fo
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pdadmin> pop modify test set ipauth
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Quality of protection POP policy Th
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128 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e
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Overview of the authentication proc
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Managing session state A secure con
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This value corresponds to the numbe
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eauthenticating the user. WebSEAL u
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v Because the cookies are available
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Authentication configuration overvi
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Configuring multiple authentication
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3. When the client makes an additio
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You can configure the username and
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Configuration conditions If forms a
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If the security policy does require
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Setting Description accept-client-c
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Thus, the default value for cert-ca
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HTTP header authentication Tivoli A
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See also: v “Authentication metho
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Token authentication Tivoli Access
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2. WebSEAL returns an authenticatio
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4. Restart the WebSEAL server. See
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Failover authentication This sectio
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authenticates using forms authentic
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Administrators can configure WebSEA
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Page 222 and 223: The authentication method parameter
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Page 228 and 229: Server-side request caching This se
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Page 232 and 233: Configuring reauthentication based
Page 234 and 235: Extending the session cache entry l
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Page 242 and 243: Configuring post password change pr
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Page 256 and 257: Managing client-side and server-sid
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Page 260 and 261: Setting the maximum number of cache
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Page 264 and 265: v Failover authentication The failo
Page 266 and 267: Each WebSEAL instance must have a s
Page 268 and 269: highly secure password, such as a r
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Page 288 and 289: 4. After successful login, the MAS
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[server] pre-510-compatible-tokens
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[ecsso-incoming-attributes] my_spec
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WebSEAL junctions overview You can
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Managing junctions with Web Portal
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Configuring a basic WebSEAL junctio
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Mutually authenticated SSL junction
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v It is highly recommended that you
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WebSEAL-to-WebSEAL junctions over S
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v “Processing URLs in requests”
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Modifying absolute URLs with script
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To solve this problem: 1. Always wr
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You must create the jmt.conf mappin
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Part 2: -j junctions modify Set-Coo
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Supplying client identity in HTTP h
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[junction] max-webseal-header-size
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ack-end server UUID to each front-e
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v Back-end server 2 is called APP2
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lcp_uri URI encoded local code page
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v Do not mark any certificate in th
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1. Copy query_contents.sh into a fu
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Typical output looks like: 100 inde
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Configuring BA headers for single s
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Forwarding original client BA heade
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Using global sign-on (GSO) Tivoli A
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Configuring a GSO-enabled WebSEAL j
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Configuring single sign-on to IBM W
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Configuring single sign-on forms au
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WebSEAL parses the HTML page to ide
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[loginpage1] login-page = /cgi-bin/
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It is not necessary to specify hidd
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Supporting CGI programming To suppo
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Supporting back-end server-side app
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v Short name of the server v IP add
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pdadmin> objectspace create /Resour
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A single user that logs in multiple
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346 IBM automatically with no user
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Note: If you use Web Portal Manager
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Object Space Entry URL Template /ow
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The following sample dynurl.conf fi
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The security policy To provide suit
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Overview of ADI retrieval The Tivol
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The resource-manager-provided-adi p
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Retrieving ADI from the user creden
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Dynamic ADI retrieval Rules can be
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Basic configuration Basic configura
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trace_verbose_get_entitlement If se
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Erandt_Securtities_Entitlements e
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http://ese.erant.com/attributes 1 U
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376 IBM v v /opt/pdwebars/protocol_
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Windows C:\Program Files\Tivoli\PDW
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including tracking CGI types, compi
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Stanza organization The remainder o
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Server configuration v [server] v [
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HTTP/1.1 connection timeout, in sec
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Location of the file that contains
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Enable or disable support for UTF-8
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Specifies how WebSEAL responds to r
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Host name of the LDAP server. The W
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cache-group-expire-time = number_of
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String that specifies the key label
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Active Directory [uraf-ad] stanza a
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ind-pwd = admin_password Encoded ad
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LDAP port number for the Lotus Domi
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Secure Socket Layer [ssl] stanza we
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Disables support for SSL Version 2.
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Port number for communication with
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Indicates whether automatic refresh
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Authentication methods [ba] stanza
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Specifies how to handle certificate
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Step-up authentication levels. WebS
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Fully qualified path for a library
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failover-certificate = fully_qualif
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Authentication failover v [failover
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List of attributes from the origina
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Cross-domain single sign-on v [cdss
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attribute_pattern = {preserve|refre
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Integer value specifying the port n
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File names for keys for any domains
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List of string values to specify th
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Integer value for lifetime, in seco
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Content This section contains the f
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Specifies how standard WebSEAL HTML
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Page containing a change password f
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Automatic redirect v [acnt-mgt] v [
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List containing system environment
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Relative path name to a graphics fi
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Content compression v [compress-mim
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Content encodings [content-encoding
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Junction management [junction] stan
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Positive integer value indicating t
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Document filtering [filter-url] sta
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Scheme filtering [filter-schemes] s
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Script filtering v [script-filterin
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Credential refresh [credential-refr
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Integer value that specifies the ti
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Integer value that specifies the ti
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Enables or disables the requests lo
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Auditing [aznapi-configuration] sta
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Specifies event logging for the spe
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The maximum size of the in-memory p
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Policy server v [policy-director] v
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Specifies the type of access the us
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v state Mechanisms for maintaining
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Specifies the purpose of the inform
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Specifies the recipients of the inf
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For example, if the configured name
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-p port TCP port of the back-end th
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IBM may use or distribute any of th
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asic authentication configuring 145
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F failover authentication configura
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key management (continued) managing
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eauthentication (continued) based o
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User Registry Adapter Framework (UR
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