IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business: WebSEAL Administration ...

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Configuring three strikes login policy The three strikes login policy, available for LDAP-based Tivoli Access Manager installations, enables you to specify a maximum number of failed login attempts (n) and a penalty lockout time (x), such that after ″n″ failed login attempts a user is locked out for ″x″ seconds (or the account is disabled). The three strikes login policy is used to prevent computer password attacks. The policy creates a condition where a user must wait a period of time before making more login attempts that fail. For example, a policy could dictate 3 failed attempts followed by a 180 second penalty. This type of login policy can prevent random computer-generated login attempts occurring many times a second. The three strikes login policy requires the joint contribution of two pdadmin policy command settings: v Maximum number of failed login attempts policy set max-login-failures v Penalty for exceeding failed login attempt setting policy set disable-time-interval The penalty setting can include an account lockout time interval or a complete disabling of the account. If a login policy is set (as an example) for three failed attempts followed by specific lockout time penalty, a fourth attempt (correct or incorrect) will result in an error page that states the account is temporarily unavailable because of password policy. The time interval is specified in seconds—the minimum recommended time interval is 60 seconds. If the disable-time-interval policy is set to ″disable″, the user is locked out of the account and the LDAP account valid attribute for this user is set to ″no″. An administrator re-enables the account through the Web Portal Manager. Note: Setting the disable-time-interval to ″disable″ results in additional administration overhead, because the account must be manually re-enabled by the administrator. Once the account is re-enabled, the updated account valid information might not be immediately available. This situation can occur when using WebSEAL with an LDAP environment that includes replicated LDAP servers. In this case, the updated information is propagated to the LDAP replicas according to the LDAP configuration settings that specify the time interval for performing updates. Account lock policy with load-balanced WebSEAL servers You use the three strikes login policy to ensure that an account is locked after a specified number of login attempts. This policy performs as expected in a configuration involving one WebSEAL server. In a configuration involving multiple front-end WebSEAL servers with a load-balancing mechanism, the results of the policy are affected by the fact that each WebSEAL server maintains its own local count of failed login attempts. For example, if the max-login-failures value is set to three (3) attempts, and the client fails the first three attempts, the account on this server is locked. However, as the client continues login attempts, the load-balancing mechanism—detecting a 112 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business: WebSEAL Administration Guide
failure to connect to the first server—re-directs the request to another available replicated WebSEAL server. Now the client has three more opportunities to attempt a successful login. For ″n″ attempts configured on each WebSEAL server, and ″m″ front-end replicated WebSEAL servers, you are guaranteed an initial account lock on one server after ″n″ attempts. You are also guaranteed ″n″ x ″m″ total attempts to log in across all configured servers. However, after ″n″ attempts, it is not clear whether subsequent authentication failures are due to the lock on a particular server, or due to continuing incorrect login attempts across the remaining replicated servers. The ″n″ x ″m″ calculation provides a fixed maximum upper limit on the total number of consecutive login attempts before a complete lockout occurs. A case can be made that this number is still probably far less than the number of attempts statistically required to ″break″ a password. If your business security solution requires a three strikes login policy, understand the implications of a load-balanced/multiple front-end WebSEAL configuration on this policy. Syntax for three strikes login commands The following pdadmin commands are used to set three strikes login policy. Command Description policy set max-login-failures {|unset} [-user ] policy get max-login-failures [-user ] Manages the policy controlling the maximum number of failed login attempts allowed before a penalty is imposed. This command depends on a penalty set in the policy set disable-time-interval command. As the administrator, you can apply this policy to a specific user or apply the policy globally to all users listed in the LDAP registry. The unset parameter eliminates settings for the specified user. The global policy will continue to be enforced. The default setting is 10 attempts. policy set disable-time-interval {|unset|disable} [-user ] policy get disable-time-interval [-user ] Manages the penalty policy controlling the time period an account should be disabled if the maximum number of failed login attempts is reached. As the administrator, you can apply this penalty policy to a specific user or apply the policy globally to all users listed in the LDAP registry. The unset parameter eliminates settings for the specified user. The global policy will continue to be enforced. The default setting is 180 seconds. Chapter 5. WebSEAL security policy 113
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IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-bus
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Note Before using this information
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Silent configuration overview . . .
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Event capturing and logging . . . .
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Token authentication concepts . . .
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Configuring WebSEAL key database pa
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Preserving cookie names . . . . . .
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Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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xvi IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e
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This chapter introduces you to impo
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Web security information v IBM Tivo
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v Secure Sockets Layer Introduction
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The following documents associated
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Monospace Code examples, command li
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IBM Tivoli Access Manager WebSEAL:
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The access control list (ACL) An ac
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Note: Traditional applications bund
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v Authenticated clients access usin
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v A user makes a request for a reso
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A unified Web space simplifies the
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14 IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-
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Server instance configuration This
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Table 1. WebSEAL instances sharing
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- When the Web document root is not
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-ssl_yn ssl_enable_yes_no -key_file
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Server instance configuration tasks
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Removing a server instance To remov
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Communication protocol configuratio
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Restricting connections from specif
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Cryptographic hardware for encrypti
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You can specify whether to enable F
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3. In the Open dialog window, selec
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Quality of protection levels You ca
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Configuring authorization database
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3. Change the settings for the data
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Multi-locale support with UTF-8 Thi
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WebSEAL generates logging and audit
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Configuring multi-locale support Co
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WebSEAL does not recognize UTF-8 en
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ackwards compatibility, the format
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Language System Directory English (
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Preventing vulnerability caused by
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Replicated front-end WebSEAL server
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The session cookie links to session
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Page 100 and 101: Server tasks Start a WebSEAL server
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Page 118 and 119: Macro Description %CERTAUTHN% Subst
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Page 158 and 159: Overview of the authentication proc
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2. WebSEAL returns an authenticatio
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4. Restart the WebSEAL server. See
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Failover authentication This sectio
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authenticates using forms authentic
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Administrators can configure WebSEA
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cookie. By using the cookie, the We
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Specify the protocol for failover c
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Backwards compatibility WebSEAL ser
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[failover-add-attributes] attribute
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v When this value is no, and the se
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SPNEGO protocol and Kerberos authen
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v The client cannot use an SSL sess
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Switch user authentication The WebS
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9. The administrator ends the switc
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supported mechanism, an additional
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The authentication method parameter
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The default file name is switchuser
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xauthn_username xauthn_qop xauthn_i
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Server-side request caching This se
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v “Modifying request-body-max-rea
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Configuring reauthentication based
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Extending the session cache entry l
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Configuring reauthentication based
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Extending the session cache entry l
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Automatic redirection during user l
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Configuring post password change pr
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WebSEAL provides an external authen
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credattrs_email joeuser@bigco.com c
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Credential refresh This section con
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The default lifetime of data in the
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Credential refresh configuration To
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efresh can succeed. Likewise, when
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Managing client-side and server-sid
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At installation, WebSEAL uses the s
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Setting the maximum number of cache
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Windows desktop single sign-on This
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v Failover authentication The failo
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Each WebSEAL instance must have a s
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highly secure password, such as a r
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Note: The location of the kinit uti
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v When a problem occurs, consider e
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The link contains a special CDSSO m
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2. Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf so the h
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[authentication-mechanisms] sso-cre
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http://websealB/resource.html?PD-ID
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Each entry in the WebSEAL is assign
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e-community single sign-on E-commun
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A user who fails authentication wit
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4. After successful login, the MAS
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v The domain-specific cookie contai
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owser is Microsoft Internet Explore
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1. Enabling and disabling e-communi
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[e-community-domain-keys] dA.com =
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For example: [e-community-sso] vf-u
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[server] pre-510-compatible-tokens
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[ecsso-incoming-attributes] my_spec
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WebSEAL junctions overview You can
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Managing junctions with Web Portal
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Configuring a basic WebSEAL junctio
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Mutually authenticated SSL junction
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v It is highly recommended that you
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WebSEAL-to-WebSEAL junctions over S
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v “Processing URLs in requests”
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Modifying absolute URLs with script
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To solve this problem: 1. Always wr
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You must create the jmt.conf mappin
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Part 2: -j junctions modify Set-Coo
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Supplying client identity in HTTP h
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[junction] max-webseal-header-size
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ack-end server UUID to each front-e
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v Back-end server 2 is called APP2
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lcp_uri URI encoded local code page
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v Do not mark any certificate in th
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1. Copy query_contents.sh into a fu
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Typical output looks like: 100 inde
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Configuring BA headers for single s
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Forwarding original client BA heade
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Using global sign-on (GSO) Tivoli A
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Configuring a GSO-enabled WebSEAL j
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Configuring single sign-on to IBM W
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Configuring single sign-on forms au
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WebSEAL parses the HTML page to ide
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[loginpage1] login-page = /cgi-bin/
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It is not necessary to specify hidd
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Supporting CGI programming To suppo
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Supporting back-end server-side app
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v Short name of the server v IP add
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pdadmin> objectspace create /Resour
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A single user that logs in multiple
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Note: If you use Web Portal Manager
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Object Space Entry URL Template /ow
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The following sample dynurl.conf fi
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The security policy To provide suit
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Overview of ADI retrieval The Tivol
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The resource-manager-provided-adi p
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Retrieving ADI from the user creden
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Dynamic ADI retrieval Rules can be
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Basic configuration Basic configura
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trace_verbose_get_entitlement If se
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Erandt_Securtities_Entitlements e
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http://ese.erant.com/attributes 1 U
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376 IBM v v /opt/pdwebars/protocol_
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Windows C:\Program Files\Tivoli\PDW
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including tracking CGI types, compi
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Stanza organization The remainder o
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Server configuration v [server] v [
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HTTP/1.1 connection timeout, in sec
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Location of the file that contains
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Enable or disable support for UTF-8
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Specifies how WebSEAL responds to r
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Host name of the LDAP server. The W
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cache-group-expire-time = number_of
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String that specifies the key label
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Active Directory [uraf-ad] stanza a
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ind-pwd = admin_password Encoded ad
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LDAP port number for the Lotus Domi
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Secure Socket Layer [ssl] stanza we
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Disables support for SSL Version 2.
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Port number for communication with
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Indicates whether automatic refresh
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Authentication methods [ba] stanza
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Specifies how to handle certificate
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Step-up authentication levels. WebS
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Fully qualified path for a library
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failover-certificate = fully_qualif
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Authentication failover v [failover
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List of attributes from the origina
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Cross-domain single sign-on v [cdss
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attribute_pattern = {preserve|refre
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Integer value specifying the port n
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File names for keys for any domains
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List of string values to specify th
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Integer value for lifetime, in seco
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Content This section contains the f
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Specifies how standard WebSEAL HTML
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Page containing a change password f
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Automatic redirect v [acnt-mgt] v [
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List containing system environment
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Relative path name to a graphics fi
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Content compression v [compress-mim
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Content encodings [content-encoding
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Junction management [junction] stan
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Positive integer value indicating t
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Document filtering [filter-url] sta
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Scheme filtering [filter-schemes] s
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Script filtering v [script-filterin
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Credential refresh [credential-refr
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Integer value that specifies the ti
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Integer value that specifies the ti
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Enables or disables the requests lo
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Auditing [aznapi-configuration] sta
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Specifies event logging for the spe
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The maximum size of the in-memory p
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Policy server v [policy-director] v
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Specifies the type of access the us
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v state Mechanisms for maintaining
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Specifies the purpose of the inform
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Specifies the recipients of the inf
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For example, if the configured name
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-p port TCP port of the back-end th
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IBM may use or distribute any of th
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asic authentication configuring 145
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F failover authentication configura
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key management (continued) managing
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eauthentication (continued) based o
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User Registry Adapter Framework (UR
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