A manual of marks on pottery and porcelain; a dictionary of easy ...

<strong>of</strong> Up
to
Mrs. S.T. Blackwood

A MANUAl>-Or MARKS
POTTERY AND PORCELAIN
A DICTIONARY OF EASY REFERENCE
BY
W. H. HOOPER AND W. C. PHILLIPS
Uontion
MACMILLAN AND CO.
AND NEW YORK
1894
All Rights Reserved

First Edition, 1876; Second Edition, 1877; Reprinted iZ-]^, 1886;
with corrections and additions, 1894.

P K E F A C E.
THIS edition has been carefully revised and enlarged
by the addition <strong>of</strong> many new <strong>marks</strong>.
When first issued none <strong>of</strong> the <strong>marks</strong> <strong>of</strong> Japan had
At that time information was difficult
been published.
to obtain, and much <strong>of</strong> it has since been found to be unreliable
; by the kind permission <strong>of</strong> Sir A. W. Franks
a large number <strong>of</strong> <strong>marks</strong> are now inserted, which will
be found to include all the factories <strong>of</strong> importance.
Being only intended for a pocket-volume, unimportant
factories and unknown <strong>marks</strong> are left out. For more
detailed information, the works <strong>of</strong> Brongniart, Chaffers,
Demmin, Jacquemart (admirably translated by Mrs.
Bury Palliser), Marryat, Robinson and others may be
consulted.
The work is divided into four parts in the ;
first, the
Marks are classed under descriptive heads, as Anchor,
Animal, etc. in the second ; Majolica the factories <strong>of</strong>
Italy are arranged alphabetically; in the third, other
factories <strong>of</strong> Europe on the same plan and in the ; fourth,
the Oriental Marks are arranged by the number <strong>of</strong>
characters inscribed.

IV PREFACE.
The Marks on Pottery and Porcelain are <strong>of</strong> three
kinds factory, workman, and pattern mark.
is usually placed in a prominent position,
accompanied by the mark <strong>of</strong> the maker or
The first
sometimes
decorator.
Sevres Porcelain, for instance, <strong>of</strong>ten having four or five
workmen's <strong>marks</strong>, besides that <strong>of</strong> the factory. The
pattern mark is usually a number ; this is seldom given,
being useless without a description <strong>of</strong> the pattern
itself.
The Marks, when pencilled or incised, vary very con-
siderably ; a different hand, a full brush, or a flaw in
the material, all tend to make them unrecognizable ;
even when printed they are <strong>of</strong>ten blurred by the action
<strong>of</strong> the fire or running <strong>of</strong> the enamel, and when impressed,
a shrinking <strong>of</strong> the wet clay will change or
obliterate them.

Anchor
Animal
Arrow
Axe ..
Beacon
Bell . .
Bird ..
Bow ..
Butterfly
Cadnceiis
Circle . .
Claw ..
Crescent
Cross ..
Crown
Dome . .
Dot ..
Ermine
Fish .
Bassano
Caffagiolo . .
Castel Duranto
Castelli
Diruta
Faenza
Florence
Forli ..
Genoa..
Z2STZDE1Z.
MARKS.

INDEX.
FACTORIES.

PAGE
INDEX. Vll

CONTRACTIONS.
The quality <strong>of</strong> the Ware is described in the first column,
and the mode <strong>of</strong> marking in the second, as follows :
maj.
...
. . . Incised.
. . . Impressed.
... Pencilled.
... Printed.
The third column contains the dates.
... Stencilled.

iT
Pottery and Porcelain Marks.
ANCHOR
CHELSEA p imp
P gold
or red
POPPLES DORF pot imp 176-
SCEAUX PEXTIIIEVRE s p p blue 175-
B

L
4-
4-
Pottery and Porcelain
SCEAU.X PKNTHIEVRK
VENICE
COLOGNE
Bow
Tliis mark varies
very much
The form and position <strong>of</strong>
the swora vary.
COALRROOK DALE
DERBY CHELSEA
pot p blue ITS-
h p p red 1765
maj. p color 17
pot p
blue 1 7
a p p red 173
h p p blue 18
p p goK 1770
or red

CM
Rf
ISTONE CHIN
CALDAS
ORTUGAJ.
20
VENICE j ...
Giovanni Marconi
WORCESTER
Marks.
'
...
Richard Holdthip, decorator
He also ivcrked for Derby
LoNGPORT
CALDAS
Thus read from
imperfect impression
<strong>of</strong> name
Imitation <strong>of</strong> Palissy Ware
MlDDLESBOROUGH
20, Pattern mark
s p p gold 17-
or color
p color 175-
pot imp 1793
pr blue 1805
pot imp 18
pot imp
pot
pr bluo
imp

Bow
(?) PLYMOUTH
CAUGHLEY
LEEDS ...
Marks.
ARROW.
pot imp 177-
Also with name Hartleij, Green fy Co.
PARIS ...
I)e la Courtille (sometimes called
Torches)
BADEN BADEN
Tftctow Sperl.
AXE.
B p p blue 173-
h P
b p p blue 17 -
li p p blue 1773
h p p gold
or color 1753

tffc
r
Pottery and Porcelain
BADEN BADEN
Widow Sperl
DELFT
De Byl (The Axe)
GENOA
DELFT
Justus Brouwei
BEACON.
BELL.
De drei Kloklcen. (The 3 bells)
W. Van dcr Docs
This mark varies so much that it
is called Leaf and Arrowhead
h p p gold 1753
or color
pot p blue I.7C4
pot p bine 1764

,
AMSTERDAM
Marks,
BIRD.
Hartog and Brandeis.
pet p color 1780
ANSPACH h p p blup 1718
Sometimes used without the letter
SKVRES
1st Empire.
Napoleor. III. Emperor
LlVEUPOOL
A Liver, the Arms <strong>of</strong> the Town.
Case, Mort fy Co.
>
h p p red
sten &
imp
1810
h p pr color 1852
pot p color 1833

I
Pottery and Porcelain
HAGUE (The)
The Arms <strong>of</strong>.
Bow
BOW.
BUTTERFLY.
CHINESE On old Nankin
CADUCEUS.
DRESDEN
This mark varies very much.
WORCESTER
In imitation <strong>of</strong> Dresden
CIRCULAR MARKS.
h p y blua 177-
s p p blue 173-
h p p blue
FAENZA ... maj. p
And other varieties, and also
without the circle
hp pblue 1712
s p p blue 1753
blue 15

T\ I
w
DAMM
Marks.
HOCHST hp p gold 1720
Tlie arms <strong>of</strong> the Archbishop <strong>of</strong>
Maycnce.
Dahl
Aschaferiberg
DELFT
TFortuyn Fortune
P. Van der Breil
FLORENCE
or color
pot p color 1794
&hp
h p p bine 17
pot p oiuo 1G91
Martinus Gouda pot 1675
The arms )
<strong>of</strong> the Medici.
(B) Francis II. A very rare mark.
Orazio Fontana Urbino fecit.
s p p color 15
niaj. p color 15

10 Pottery and Porcelain
DERBY
1
COLOGNE ...
MONTPELLIER
Lc Vouland.
SHELTON
BERLIN
Royal Factory
h p pr color 1815
pot
SEVRES ... ... h p pr
The marie ivas used with the year
Louis Philippi
date from 1830.
1G-
pot imp 18
pot pr color 1820
h p pr 1850
color 1830
1834

i.CHATEAU,
511
SEVRES
BURSLEM
Republic
Marks.
Wedgwood 8c Bentlcy
DELFT
CLAW.
De Klaauw (The Claw)
Lambertus Sanderus.
h p pr color 1834
h p p red 1848
pot & imp 1768
hp
pot pbhu, 1764

12 Pottiry and Porcelain
SALOPIAN.
CRESCENT.
CAUGHLEY
And without name.
h p. p blue 1750
WORCESTER s p p blue 1751
or gold
URBINO ... maj. p blue 1591
Also with the initials E. F. B.
NAPLES
WORCESTER
mnj. p blue 17
h p p blue 1783

C<
V
CC
t
*
Mark*
MARIEBERG, Sweden
Ehrenreich,
BRISTOL
FULDA ...
VARAGES
DRESDEN
COPENHAGEN
CASEMENE ...
CROSS.
pot & p color 1750
sp
1759
h p p iu
color
1773
h p p blue i763
pot p bl: C c
or red
1730
h p p blue 1720
h p p color 1772
pot imp IS~

Pottery and Porcelain
BOURG-LA-REINE
Le Chappelet.
BRISTOL
TURIN Vineuf
Dr. Gioanetti.
BASSANO
CROWN.
Also with the signature <strong>of</strong>
Antonio Terchi $ B Terchj
CASTELLI
ST. PETERSBURG
Alexander I.
Alexander II.
h p p 17
h p p color 1773
h p imp 1770
maj. p color 1540
ma}. p color 16
b p p blue 1801
or color
h p p blue 1805
or color

'&
Marks.
PARIS h p p red 177P
Porcelaine de la Reine(Antoinette)
VENICE
DERBY
BRUSSELS
WORCESTER
Barr, Flight 8f Barr.
NAPLES
Crown <strong>of</strong> various shapes,
sometimes B.C.
SEVRES Charles X.
maj
17-
s p p gold 177-
h p p' color 18
h p imp 1807
maj. p 16
b p
1829

*0 30
Pottery and Porcelain
SEVRES Charles X.
LUDWIG-SBURG
Also attributed to
BUEN RETIRO
Madrid. Carlos III.
LUDWKJSBURG
Initial <strong>of</strong> Duke Charles
NlEDERVILLER
De Custine, director
URBINO
(?) Luca Cambiasi
HOCHST
h p p bine 1829
h p p blue 1758
s p p color 176-
& pot
b p p blue 1758
h p p blue 1788
& pot
maj.
16-
b p p gold 17*JO
& color

PARIS ...
Marks.
Charles Philippe, Comte
d'Artois, patron
FEANKENTUAL
Carl Theodore
DERBY ...
Dueslury
with monogram D K
Duesbury and Kean ...
also ivitnout croivn ... ,
h p p blue 1769
Up p blue 17G1
h p p red or 1780
violet
1798
Stevenson $ Hancock ... ,, 18C-
HlLDEKSHEIM .,. .. h p p bill? 1760

i8 Pottery and Porcelain
I'D
M
FULDA ..,
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples
Ferdinandus. Rex
PARIS ...
DM and Guerhard
HESSE DARMSTADT
ST. PETERSBURG ...
Nicholas I.
SEVRES
Louis- Philippe
CLIGNANCOURT ...
h p p blue 1763
s p p color 1780
hp prod 1780
h p' p blue 1756
h p p color 1825
h p imp or 1845
pr color
hp stred 17SO

VU U/
JV.Q.
o
Marks.
BUEN RETIRO, Madrid ... sp p color 176-
MARIEBERO, Sweden
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples
SEVRES. Napoleon III. ... s& p
In this year the manufacture
<strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t paste was resumed
pot & p color 1750
sp
s p p red or 1759
h p
blue
& imp
color 1854
SAVONA. (?) Guidolono ... maj. 10-
ORLEANS pot p color 1753

n
SPM
t
.
WTT
Pottery and Porcelain
ST. PETERSBURG. Paul I. ... h p p color 1796
DRESDEN ... ... h p p blue 1750
Saclisiche Porzellen Manufacture
LUDWIGSBURG
OPORTO
Vista Allegra
WORCESTER
Flight and Barr
LIVERPOOL
FLORENCE
A rare mark
DOME.
h p p blue 1806
h p p gold 1790
or color
h p p color 1793
pot imp & 1796
pr color
s p p color 1580

o DOT.
o . ** I
LlMBACH
oOo URBINO & FAENZA
ERMINE.
STOKE-ON-TRENT ...
Minion
GENOA ...
NYOV, ...
LILLE ...
FISH.
Marks.
The Dauphin. Patron
CHINA ...
Old Nankin ware
This mark varies much
2i
hp p 1761
maj. p 16
h p p color
& gold
IS5-
maj. p 10
h p p blue 1790
h p sten & 1781
p red
li p p blue 969
to HOfi

22 Pottery and Porcelain
*
CHINA
Bow
FLEUR-DE-LYS.
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples
Removed to
BUEN RETIRO, Madrid
MARSEILLES
EOUEN ... p
h p p blue 969
to 1106
s p p blue 173-
s p p blue 1736
176-
pot pr color 1777
color 1542

Sevres
30
ST. CLOUD
SEVRES
Marks.
FLOWER.
CHINA. (?) Sesamum
s p imp 1702
h p p blue 1830
h p p color 1403
(?) Emblems <strong>of</strong> longevity ,, p bluo
//iese inarlis are from old
Nankin ware; date un-
to 1424
p red 142G
&gold to 1435

Pottery and Porcelain
CHINA ... hp j i blue
JAPAN. On old and modern
ware in imitation <strong>of</strong> old
Nankin patterns ... h p

y
i
Marks.
GEASS.
CHINA. This mark is knoivr.
as the " Grass Mark" but it
is meant for a water plant ... h p p
HAYFORK.
blue 960
to9G3
RUDOLSTADT h D p color 1758
A1SO WORCESTF.P
p blue .,
17-

I
Pottery and Porcelain
HATCHET (see AXE).
HEAD.
DELFT ... ... ... pot p color
HEART.
MOTJSTIERS. Olery
NAPLES
ST. SAMSON
CHANTILLY
LUDWIGSBUR
HORN.
pot p color 17
maj
pot imp 182-
sp pblue 1725
cr imp
hp p red or 1758
blue

Marks.
LABEL.
ORLEANS ... ... h & p color 1753
Gerault Daraubert s p
BERLIN
LEAF.
This mark is frequently painted
in green or gold over the Berlin
sceptre on damaged pieces
GROSBREITENBACII ... h p p
Sometimes a mere flourish
CHINA ... ... ... h p p blue
A great variety oj leaves are
found on old Nankin ware,
the mark was imitated by
DELFT and other factories
color 1770

A
CHINA.
Pottery
and Porcelain
(?) Bamboo leaves, mark <strong>of</strong> a h p p blue 1573
Factory in King-te-chin ... 1619
JAPAN. On ware painted with h p p blue
Chinese patterns
LETTERS.
PARIS. Le basuf ...
A is also found on Bow ware
p red 177-
ANSPACH. This mark varies h p p blu* 1 1718
very much and sometimes
looks like crossed swords

iTD
A.K.
A.N.
AP
Marks 29
DELFT ... ... ...
De G-dclcse A (The Alpha)
J. T. Dickstraat or Dextra
pot p blue 17G1
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue
De Wittc Stcr (The White Star)
A Kiell
ALTENROLHAU
A Nowotny Director
U BEING
Alphonso Patanazzi
ARRAS ...
h p & imp 1829
pot
maj p 1GO-
s p p blue 1782
AVJJ \
I D7M. DEF.FT ... pot p I'/-

B
B
B. L.
BlaR
Pottery and Porcelain
WORCESTER ... ... h p me 1793
Bart-. B is also on Bow ware
MARSEILLES
Bonnefoy
DELFT ...
J. Brouwer
pot p color 1769
pot p blue 175-
SAINTES ... ... pot inc 1538
Attributed to Bernard Pallissy
BRISTOL
GUBBIO
Maestro Giorgio
LUXEMBOURG
BOCK.
DELFT ...
L.A KiElNE
h p p color 1773
maj p color 15-
pot p color 180G
&hp
s p
& pot
p bin? 1773
pot p blue

Cc
CB
GO
BAYREUTH
DELFT ...
(?) Berghem
DELFT ...
(?) Vender Does
ST. PETERSBURG ...
Catherine
BAYREUTH
Marks.
DELFT
De Paauw (The Peacock)
(?) Cornells Boumeester
COALBROOK DALE
LIMOGES
PARIS ...
Chanou
pot p blue 15
r>ot p biue
pot p blue
h p ,,176-
h p p color 1744
pot p blue .
17
h p p blue 1787
h p p red 1773
n p
1781

*C*
Pottery
and Porcelain

g
14*
E BS
5 F
ST. PETERSBURG ...
P. Kornilo/e
MARIEBERG
Ehrenreich, director
DELFT
T' jongue Moriaans H<strong>of</strong>ft
Marks. 33
(The young Moors head.)
BRISTOL
(Imitation Oriental.)
FLORENCE
(A late mark on Fine Pottery.)
FAENZA ... ... maj
(Many varieties <strong>of</strong> the letter
are found.)
li p p blue 1762
pot p color 1759
&sp
pot p 1764.
hp p color 1773
maj M 17
FURSTENBERG hp pblue 1750
F is also found on Bow ware
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blui
14

34 Pottery and Porcelain
F.DV
FI
FP
FR
URBINO. F^ Xanto ... maj. p color 15
MOUSTIERS. Feraud
NAPLES ...
Fab. del Vecchio, Napoli
FLORENCE. For Firenze
UREINO. F c . Patanazxi
NEVERS
PERKENHAMMER. Fischer
Reichembach
GUBBIO
CAFJTAGIOLO. G is found on
Bow ware
pot p color 178-
maj. imp
&hp
maj. p
ma. p
17-
17-
1G08
pot p color 3730
maj.
1802
1536

6iK
1179
OVJ 1
M
H
HB
NAPLES. Giustiniani
GERA ...
GOTHA ..
DELFT
, ,
Marks. 35
T'oude Moriaans Hojft.
maj. imp & 17 :
p color
h p p blue 1780
" 175-
pot p red
p
17-
(The old Moor's head) pot p blue 1764
Geertruy Verstelle.
STBASBOUKG. Hannong ... hp 1752
& pot
PARIS. Hannong ... p color 1773
NEVEKS. Henri Borne ... pot p
DELFT. Jacobus Haider Adriens
color 168-
p color 176S

H.F
7CS-7
HVMD
//a 2-
NAPLES
DELFT ...
Pottery and Porcelain
NUREMBERG
Haws Kraut Villingen
DELFT ..,
Hendrick Van Hoorn
DELFP ...
THart (The Hart)
Hendrick van Middeldijk
LISBON ,
DELFT ...
(?) Jacobus de Milde
DELFT ...
maj. p 17
pot p ted
pot p blue 15
pot p blue 1764
pot p blue
pot imp 13
pot p blu6 1764
pot p bine

I.P
ITD
7
JJ?
DELFT ...
Jan Kuylich
(?) PESARO. (?) In Pesaro .
DELFT ...
De Griekse A (The Alpha)
Marks. 37
JT. T. Dikstraat or Dextra.
DELFT ...
DELFT ...
PARIS ...
Jacob Petit
LIMOGES
J. Pouyat
VOISONLIEU
Jean Zeigler
DELFT ...
(?) Jan Kuylich
pot p blue 1680
maj p
pot p blue 1761
h p p blue 1790
pot p red 18
pot st color 1831
& imp
pot p blue

II
m
H.HCVJ/
XV
KVK
LC
Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT ...
Jan Kuylich
KIEL ...
Buchwald, director
A. Leihamer, decorator
DRESDEN
DELYT ...
LIMBACH
MONTELUPO
Given by Jacquemart, Wolfs
Brush
BRUSSELS
L. GretU
DELFT ...
De Lampetkan (The Pitcher)
Widow G. Brouwer
pot pbluo 1GSO
pgold
or color
hp p blue 17
J> T
177-
.. pot 17-
h p p red
maj. p
1761
h p p color 1791
pot p blue 17G4

B
MAP
If
15* z
BORDEAUX
Lahens and Bateau
DELFT ...
(?) Van Dammelar
CAFFAGIOLO
SlNCENT
Moulin
PARIS ...
Morel d Paris
GUBBIO
Maestro Giorgio
Marks. 39
h p p color IS-
pot p blue
maj p 15
pot p color 18G1
h p p blue 1773
rcaj
LOOSDEECHT ... ... h p p blue
&
177%
^ ni P
Manufactur oude Loosdrcch\
Moll director,
a.
15

4 o Pottery and Porcelain
M.P
MP
A\VC
IV
KL
N
op
OPORTO
Rocha Soare
pot p gold \1~
or color
DELFT... ... ... pot p blue 1639
De Metaale Pot (The Metal Pot)
Lamlertus Cleffius
DELFT ...
NEVERS
BOURG-LA-REINE
LILLE
I Petit
pot
GUBBIO ... ... maj p
Vincentio or Cencio son <strong>of</strong>
GUBBIO
Maestro Giorgio
pot p color 15
153-
h p p bme 1773
.,, pot p color 1778

LIVERPOOL
Pennington
PINXTON
Marks.
These letters are ascribed to
Pinxton, but t7ie wave was
seldom marked
GUBBIO
? Maestro Perestino
DELFT ...
CAFFA.GIOLO
KOTTEN...
NlMES
Plantier, Boncourant $ Co.
ROUEN
DELFT ... ...
P v Doornp
pot p gold 1760
& h p or color
& imp
s p p color 1791
maj
pot p
maj p
pot p color 15
imp
15-
15-
183
pot p color 15
pot p bluo 1761

PVM
K
R-n
Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT ...
P van der Breil
DELFT ...
P van Meemm
DELFT ...
MARSEILLES
Robert
pot pblue 1G91
pot pblue 1764
p brown
pot
&hp
p black 1777
RKGENSBERG OR RATISBON h p p blue 17
... b p p blue 17
RAUENSTEIN ... ... h p p blue 1760
DELFT ... ... ... pot
COLOGNE. ..r
. .v
pot p
blue 1.6

S
S
SX
Ven?
CAUGHLEY
Salopian
SCHLAKENWALD ...
SlNCENT
Marks. 43
hp pblue 1750
h p p
color 180V.
pot p color 1733
SEVRES on white ware ... hp pr green 1833
ST. CLOUD
The Scratch denotes tJiat
the piece left the factory
undecorated. 18G
Trow Director
SCEAUX PENTHIEVRE
VENICR
BERLIN
Wegeley, founder
pot & p blue 173-
sp
up inc 1750
maj p color 15
&hp
17-
h p p blue 1751

44 Pottery and Porcelain
WVB
Al
PLYMOUTH
Probably the usual marie, the
sign Jupiter, carelessly
pencilled
WORCESTER
And others in imitation <strong>of</strong> ,, ,
oriental <strong>marks</strong>
p p blue 176-
s p p blue 1751
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1764
De Twee Wildemans (The two
Savages) Willem Van Beelc
DELFT ...
Widow van der Briel
URBINO
F co Xanto
pot p blue 1764
maj p
maj
maj p
X p blue
N red lustre

Z-DEJC
GUBBIO
ZURICH
DELFT ...
Dextra zoon
Marks. 45
LINES.
ALT HALDENSTEBEN
COPENHAGEN
The Sound, the great and
little Belts
ST. PETERSBURG
MITRE.
maj p 15
h p p blue 1759
pot p 1765
h p imp 17
h p p blue 1772
h p p blue 17
WURZBURG h p p blue 17

Pottery and Porcelain

DELFT ...
A Kielle
Moscow
A Pop<strong>of</strong>f
APREY ...
Marks. 47
pot p blue 1761
SI l
h p p color 1830
pot p black 1750
DELFT ... ... pot p blue 1764
De twee Scheepjes (The two
Ships) Ant Pennis
Moscow ... ... h p p color 1830
A Pop<strong>of</strong>f
DELFT ... ...
Keyser

$6
DELFT ...
Pottery and Porcelain
Keyser Sf Pyndker
DRESDEN
DRESDEN
A modern mark
PARIS ...
Reverend
DELFT ...
ANSPACH or Frankenthal
J. A Hannonjr
TOURS ...
Victor Avisseau
NEVERS
Jacques Bourdu,
pot p col 1680
hp p blue 1709
p blue 13
& imp
pot p bluo 16
.. ,. 16-
.. hp 17-
.. hp ,. 184-
pot p color 1602

B.L E
LUXEMBOURG
NlEDERVILLEB
Beyerle founder
Marks. 49
MARANS ... ... pot p
Jean Pierre Roussencq
NTON ... ... ... h p p
Pierre Hulhausen decorator
pot p color 180G
& h p
h p p blue 1760
& pot
color 1740
blue 18
COALBROOK DALB h p p blue 1787
URBINO ... ... maj p 15-
A air.iilar mark is dated 1549.
STOKE-ON-TRENT
SEVRES
Charles
Hp pr color 185-
p p bine 1824

D/W
Pottery and Porcelain
VENICE ... ... maj p
Probably Gian Andrea and
Pietro Bertolini
COALBROOK DALE
DlRTJTA
PARIS ...
Chanou
URBINO
Nicolo d' Urbino
DELFT ...
De Paauw (The Peacock)
Jacobus de Milde 1764
15-
h p p blue 1787
maj p 16-
h p p red 1784
maj p 15
root p blue 1651

I*
FAOrEBAT
DlRUTA
FLORENCE
NEVERS
Denis Lefebvre
DELFT ...
Johannes Mesch
URBINO
TOOLOUSE
Marks.
Fouque" Arnoux $ Co.
LlLLiE ...
F. Boussemart
KREUSSEU
Caspar V^t
Hans Christophe Vest
roaj p 16
maj p 14
pot p color 1636
pot p blue 1680
maj
16
pot p color 1820
pot p color 1729
pot p color 1610
1G90
PARIS ... ... ... h p p red 1780
Dihl 4- Guerhard, Due d"4n-
gouldine patron

UK
//f
Pottery and Porcelain
NUREMBERG
George Liebolt
pot p blue 16G7
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1761
De drei porceleyno FlescJijes
(The 3 porcelain bottles)
Hugo Brouwer
NUREMBERG
NAPLES
DELFT ...
Jan Jan zoon Kuylich
NUREMBERG
Hans Kraut
pot imp
maj p 17
pot p blue 1680
pot p blue 15
STRASBOURG & FRANKENTHAL pot p blue 17
Paul Hannong & h p & inc

| PARIS
Marks. 53
GUBBIO ... ... maj p 16
Hipollito Rombariotti
STRASBOURG & FRANKENTHAL pot p bluo 17
Hannong
& h p
FRANKENTHAL & STRASBOURG ,,
J. 4* P. Hannong
NEVERS ... ... pot p
Jacques Seignc
color 17
NIEDERVILLER ... pot sten 1802
Lanfray
& h p
LIMBACH (?) ... ... h p p color 176-
. Pffold
... ... ... h p p
Gros Caillou
color 1773

54 Pottery ana Porcelain
k
53!?
SEVRES ... ... fl p p blue 1753
The letter indicates Hie date
See Sevres
Louis XVIII.
MOTJSTIERS Olcry
COLOGNE
HEREND
Maurice Fischer
h p p blue 1814
pot p color 17
REGEKSBERG or Eatisbon ... h T> p blue 17
pot p blue 1589
hp pblue 1839
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1639
De Metaale Pot (The Metal
Pot)

me*
ML
15*44;
ftw
FAENZA
URBINO
Nicolo d' Urbino
DELFT ...
Q Kleynoven
URH1NO
Orazio Fontana
Marks. 55
maj p 154
maj p 15
pot pblue 1680
maj p 15-
CLIGNANCOURT ... ... h p st rod 1775
Monogram <strong>of</strong> the patron Louis
Stanislas Xavier Comte de
Provence
DELIT ...
(?) Philip Wouvermans
pot p 10-

M
Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 16SO
J. PynaJcer, C. Keyser 4- A.
Pynalcer
DELFT ... v . f .
De Romeyn (The Roman)
Petrus van Meerum
DELFT ...
P van der Briel
DELFT
De porceleyne Fles (The porcelain
bottle) Pieter van
SEVEES
Doorne
R^pullique Franqaise
GUBBIO
(?) Salimbene
pot p blue 1764
pot
1G91
pot p blue 1764
h p color 1792
& s p
maj p
COALBROOK DALE ... h p P
j
j
CaugJiley Swansea 4 1
Nantganv
blue 1861

DELFT ...
Samuel Pict Roerdet
DIRUTA
CAFFAGGIOLO
ST. AMAND
Fauquez
STOKE-ON-TIIENT
Minion
CASTELLI
Sowerio Grue
DELFT...
Suter van der Even
Marks. 57
pot p blue 165
maj p 16
maj p 15
pot p 175-
h p p blue 179-
or red
maj p 17
pot p blue 1580

H
V
I Veuve
Pottery and Porcelain
SCHAFFHAUSEN .
Tobias Stimmer
FAENZA
. .
pot p color 1560
maj p 15
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1650
Antoni Ter Humpelin
NEVERS
Tite Ristori
DELFT ... ... pot p
Jan van der Kloot Jan Zoon
DELFT
(?) Van der Even
FESARO
(?) Giovanni Vejaso
MARSEILLES
Perrin
pot p color 1850
blue 1764
pot pblue 1580
maj p 15
pot p black 1760

VI URBINO
W- Adams.
Astbury.
R. 4- J.
Baddeley,
Bailey

6o Pottery and Porcelain
Enoch Booth.
Brameld.
int.
BPATbEFb
KopHHAOBLDO
Chamberlain.
Child.
Christian.
Govlfwt.
TUNSTALL
SWINTON
DELFT
Verboom painter
ST. PETERSBURG ...
Kornel<strong>of</strong>fslci Brothers
SWANSEA
LIVERPOOL
WORCESTER
TUNSTALL
LIVERPOOL
COALBROOK DALE
pot imp 1750
b p pr red 1807
& pot
pot p color 1680
h p pr color 1827
h p p color 178-
pot p color 1751
h p p color
& imp
178-
pot imp 1763
pot imp 1765
h p p blue 1787

Copeland.
Marks. 61

62 Pottery and Porcelain
Flight.
Flight Sf Ban-
Flight, Barr
# Barr.
n

Haclcwood.
Marks.

o 4 Pottery and Porcelain
E. Mayer.

Phillips $ Co.
B. Plant.
nonoBbi
Pouyat $
Russinger.
Reid 4- Co.
RocJcingham.
SadlerfGreen.
William Sans.
1 ' MN
SUNDEELAND
LANE END
Moscow
A Pop<strong>of</strong>f
PARTS ...
De la Couriille
LIVERPOOL
SWINTON
LIVERPOOL
BUKSLEM
SEVRES
National Factory
Imperial Factory
Marks.
pot pr color "V780
pot imp 177-
li p p color 1830
h p p red 1773
h p imp 175-
pot imp 1757
&hp
pot pr color 175G
&hp
pot imp 167-
s p st red 1S03
h p st red 1806

Pottery and Porcelain.

m*
Marks.

68 Pottery and Porcelain
B*
MALTA ..,
NEVERS
pot imp 18
pot p color 15
PLYMOUTH ... ... hp p blue 176-
This marie, the sign <strong>of</strong> Jupiter,
is <strong>of</strong>ten considered as 2, 4
joined
ST. CLOUD
J. B. Chicanneau
DELFT ...
BERLIN
SAVONA
ORB.
pot p color 1700
pot p
hp pblue 1830
maj p 16

Marks. 6 9
GtiBBio ... ... cnaj p
ORIENTAL.
CHINA ... ... ... h p p blue
Old Nankin ware. Sacred axe
,, Precious things. Instruments
<strong>of</strong> writing
Kwei, or emblems <strong>of</strong> u
Mandarin
15

Pottery and Porcelain
CHINA. ... ... h p p blue
Instrument used as a tuning
fork
DELFT ... ... ... pot p bluo IB-
In imitation <strong>of</strong> the '
six mark '
ANDENNES
OVAL.
B. Lammens Sf Co.
UZES ...
Francois Pichon
(?) VENICE
On modern ware
MONTET
Laurjorois
put imp 18
maj p 18
pot anp 18
PEtiARO AND FAENZA ... maj p 15

X
j
I
!
Marks.
PESAUO AND FAENZA
VAL sous MENDON
Mittenh<strong>of</strong>f ,
COLOGNE
PARIS ...
Schloss),iacher
LEEDS ...
ARNSTADT
PALETIE.
PICKAXE.
PIPE.
ninj p
pot imp 179-
pot p blue 1C
hp p gold 18
pot p color 1770
pot p color 17O-
' VlNCENNEP . h 178~

72.
t Pottery
3)
1
*
CAUGHLEY
J. Roge S- Co.
ROSE.
and Porcelain
DELFT ... ... ... pot .
De Roos (the Rose), Dirk van
dor Does
SCEPTRE.
... b p p color 1799
p
blue 17G4
BERLIN hp pblae 170-
SHELL OR HELMET.
CHINA hp pblne

Marks
CHINA ... h p p blue
ANSPACH
SHIELD.
... ... h p p blue 1718
NYMPHENBERG ... ... h p imp 1758
SAVONA ... ... maj p
Sometimes with initials G.
A.G., (?) Gian Anto. Guido-
fcono, G. 8. 4* B. C.
Girolamo Salomons ...
1C-

SAVONA
DELFT ...
Pottery and Porcelain
VOLKSTADT
TURIN ...
And Shield alone with Cross.
Arms <strong>of</strong> Savoy
VIENNA
COBRIDGE
CHINA ...
SIIIP.
SQUARE MARKS.
For other Square Maries, see
Oriental, used also by
WORCESTER and DRESDEN
maj p 1C
pot p rec* 1.7
h p p color 17C2
t r
mnj p lo-
li p imp or 1774
p olue
pot p blue 18
h p p blue

H h
DRESDEN
Imitation Oriental
UKBINO
Marks. 75
On Bottger ware ... ",,
Orazio Fontana
DOCCIA
NOVE .
In Greek Characters
STAR.
p f blue 17
maj p 15
s p p color 1735
hp p gold or 1750
pot p red

X
X
Pottery and Porcelain
SUN.
ST. CLOUD ... ... pet p blue 1702
.* sp
SAVONA
SWORD.
OAUGHLEY ... ... h p p blue 1750
DRESDEN ... ... h p p
blue 1726
1730

X x !
DRESDEN
Marks. 77
., Marcolini Manager ...
on White Porcelain for
Sale ... ...
on imperfect pieces
...
h p p blue 1770
scratched
through
1796
17

XX-
DRESDEN
Pottery and Porcelain
ELBOGEN
Bruhl Manager
MONTREUIL
Tinei
TOURNAY
(?) CAUGHLEY
Attributed to Worcester
WORCESTER
h p 3 blue 1750
17
h p mp 1810
p blue 18
s p p gold 175-
or blue
hp pblue 177-
sp p bine 17

Marks.
WORCESTER s p j)
TABLE.
CHINA ... ... ... h p
imitated by DERBY ...
TOWETl.
blue \7
TOURNAT ., ... s p p tl"e 175

8o Pottery and Porcelain
I
A
VlNCENNES 8 p p color 17
TRIANGLE.
Bow, CHELSEA & DERBY
BRISTOL
DOCOIA
KORZEC
NYMPIIENBERO ...
Hulaudier*
s p & p gold & 17-
h p
color &
imp & inc
h p imp 18-
&bis
s p p gold 1735
& imp
. p
p blue 1803
hp {.blue 1753
pot imp 1809

Bow
CAUGHLKY
TRIDENT.
Marks.
JA,e triangle imp
CAPFAGIOLO
Also attributed to Faenza
Gubbio
SWANSEA
And one trident
BRISTOL
VASES.
The Cross imp
JAPAN ...
p blue 170-
h p p blue 17
maj ,. lo
h y imp 18
h p pr blue 18
h f. imp 18
color

82 Pottery and Porcelain
Gunno
WINDMILL.
CLJGNA.NCOUKT ...
Paries greatly
inaj p blue 15
&hp i color 1775

Majolica.
MAJOLICA.
THE manufacture <strong>of</strong> Italian Pottery generally known
as Majolica or RafFaelle ware was foi many years under
the patronage <strong>of</strong> the Urbino family, and was principally
carried on at Urbino, Gubbio, Pesaro, Castel Dnrante, Faenza
and Dim c.i.
The ware is coarse and bar], but it is valued for the
decorations, which are from designs by RafFaelle, Michael
Angelo, Guilio Romano, and other great masters; and some
are thought to be painted with their own hands.
Marryat says :
83
" It was the usual custom for the Artists
to write the title <strong>of</strong> the subject, in blue characters on the
back <strong>of</strong> the dish, but rarely to affix their names and place <strong>of</strong>
abode." The examples given will, it is hoped, be sufficient
for the identification <strong>of</strong> such <strong>marks</strong> as may be met with in
duplicate, those that arc given in type are too large for
ensravinor in a small handbook.

&
Pottery and Porcelain.
MAJOLICA.
BASSANO, Venetia ... ... ... 1540
Also with the signature <strong>of</strong> Antonio Terchi and
B Terchj
CAFFAGIOLO, Tuscany ... ... ... 1507
The ordinary mark is thus marie, it is S. P. in e
monogram, sometimes the P is alone given.
,, The trident is used both with and without
above. The name is also signed In Gafagolo
This mark is also attributed to Faenza and
Gubbio
(?) for Gafagiolo

FattoinBotega
di Piccolpasso
> 1841 !
L. G. P.
Or. Rocca di
Castelli, 1732.
Gentili P.
"
Majolica. 85
CASTEL DURANTE, Urbino ... ... founded 1361
The earliest known date is ... 12 Sep., 1503
Sebastiano d' Marforio signs and dates a piece in 1519
Francesco Durantino 1533
,,
The Chevalier Piccolpasso was director <strong>of</strong> a
factory about
On Modern Ware < in imitation <strong>of</strong> the old
CASTELLI, Naples
So attributed by Pusscri ...
Saverio Grue. Also initials and name
,, Luigi Grue ...
, Fro. - Ani-
Grue
DIRUTA, Papal States
Other varieties <strong>of</strong> this signature are found
... 1550
14
1C
... 17
'>
... 1722
... J-'2
. 17-

86 Pottery and Porcelain.
-inty
J *
HT
FatainFaenza
In Coxa Pirota
DIRUTA, Papal States
P AEN7A
Given by Darcel as a mark <strong>of</strong> this factory ...
1G-
On one <strong>of</strong> the earliest pieces <strong>of</strong> Majolica known 1475
(?) Gubbio. Supposed to be Maestro Giorgio 14
Many
varieties <strong>of</strong> the letter F are found ...
Cosa Piroto The name <strong>of</strong> a factory <strong>of</strong>
Facnza ... .,, .,, ... 15-

Yvioiuarcx ]
ML
Majolica.
FAENZA
And Avithout the circle ... ,,. 15
Also attributed to Pesaro
Many other varieties <strong>of</strong> this mark are found
ft Also initials B. M. ,
,,
And B Avithout the T ...
(?) Baldasara
154-

ero.
F.R.
TAOEBA.T
Pate m .F
1542.
I la, Bo tega d
Mo Jero da
Forli.
AENZA
Pottoy
ana Porcelain.
Attributed to Baldasara 15
In a square, and initials only ... , .. M
FLORENCE, Tuscany ... ... ... 14
Luca della Robbia and his family mailc their
famous ware here until about ... ... 15GO
This mark and another, LR FA, 1451, is attributed
,,
to Luca, but both are very doubtful
A late mark on fino pottery
(?) for Firenze
.,
17-
FORLI ... ... ... 15-
Also without date, and with signature <strong>of</strong>
Lcucadius Solombrinus, 1555

Majolica.
GENOA ... ... ... .
The beacon is well known, it varies very much
,,
Given by Demmin
GUBBIO, Urbino ... ... ... ... 14
Giorgio Andreoli, afterwards known as Maestro .
Giorgio, first used the beautiful metallic luttre
which caused the Gubbio ware to be so valued
Also ascribed to him ... .*. .
15
... 1519
.,.
1525

9o Pottery and Porcelain.
GUBBIO Maestro Giorgio
,,
B A, Merchants' mark...
With merchants' mark
Attributed to 3faes/ro
...
1528
1532
,. Vincentio or Cencio, son <strong>of</strong> M- Giorgio ... w
15

O (?)
17. A. I. Jlf.
GUBBIO
Majolica.
AlsoN. G. , 15
(?) Maestro Fercstino. Also signature in full ,.
,, (?) Salimbcne ... 16-
Ilipollilo TtombarioUi
(?) Rovigo ...
LODT, Lcmbarcly ...
And with the initials only
...
1C-

*L
5to,
tf.B.
31.
1627.
M te L*
1639.
15-2 /f
r n.o
Pottery and Porcelain
MILAN. Lombardy
And name only
,
17-
On modern pottery ... ... , 18-
MONTELUPO, Tuscany ... ... ,.., 1G-
NAPLES
Vaviously written
With signature Raffaello Girolamc
Given by Jacquemart ... ... p black
(?) Wolf's brush modern
Crown <strong>of</strong> various shapes, some-
times B. C.

EDV
N
H.F
C
Padva.
A. Padoa.
Majolica. 93
NAPLES.
And Ferdinando del Vecchio Napoli imp in full 17
So attributed
Giustiniani Brothers ...
And in outline
PADUA, Venetia ...
With date, 1548
1563
. 17
... imp 17
... p
& p color
blue 17
15-

94_
In Fesaro.
FattoinPesaro
IP
Ravena.
In Arimin
1535.
In Rimino
1535.
Fato in
Ariminensis
1635.
Fatto in Roma
da Gio Pavlo
Savino
M.D.C.
In Roma.
Pottery and Porcelain.
PESARO
With dates, 1542 to 1765
Doubtful
(?) Giovanni Vejaso
EAVENNA
Between two flourishes
RIMINI
Stiffly written
EOME ...
Pencilled in oval
Pencilled and impressed
,
.
li
15-
... 1512
,
,
10-
15-
* 1C35
...
16-
. 1COO

Alma Roma
1623.
9
61
EOME.
SAVONA, Genoa ...
(?) Guidobono
Majolica. 95
Girolamo Salomons
., With initials G. A. G. (Gian Ant .. Guidobono)
and G. S. (tSalomone) & B. C. ..
16-
16-

L L
Fata t Siena.
Bar Terese
Roma.
F. G.
Treviso.
N.
Pottery and Porcelain.
SAVONA, Genoa ~. 16
SIENA, Tuscany
With signatures <strong>of</strong> M Benedetto
,,
,,
Bartolomeo Terenzio Romaw-o
Also in monogram Ferdinando Ma.no,
Campani ...
TREVISO, Lomardy
In circle
So attributed
TURIN, Piedmont ... ... ... 15
And Shield alone with Cross. Arms <strong>of</strong> Savoy
10-
15
1727
1733
15

FattainTorino TURIN, Piedmont
Fabrics Reale
di Torino
1737.
.f.XA-K^
-Til /
/ t/rAino.
UEBINO
So attributed
Majolica. 97
Xanto Avelli da Rovigo
..
...
1577
17
... 14
p colour 15
X in blue, N in red lustre, probably Viceniio's
mark
H

9 8 Pottery and Porcelain.
URBINO
^V ^
Francesco Xanto Avelli
A
JE
15-
,, Orazio Fontana 15-
Urlino Fecit
In Greek character!
A similar mail; dated 1519
A T ico7o d' UrUno. About
also signed Niculo di V.

T. R. F.
1587.
F. G. C.
Alf. P. F.
Vrbini, 1606.
A.P
RE
B. F. V. F.
VI
UBBINO
Majolica. 99
Nicolo d' Urbino ...
Geronimo Vrliino, with dato
Also with initials E F B, dated
... 15
...
1583
... 1587
,
1594
,, Alfonzo Patanazzi. Also name in full ... 1006
Francesco Patanazzi. Also name in full ... 1608
Vicenzio Patanazzi, aged 12 years ... 1619
,, (?) Luca Cambiasi, <strong>of</strong> Genoa ... ... 16
,, (?) Battista Franco Urbini Fecit ... ...

UB.BINO
VENICE
Pottery and Porcelain
Also attributed to Faenza
Venczia ic also written in full
Probably Gian Andrea and Pietro Berlolini,
too confused to be made clearer
,
16-
... 1545
., A well-known mark, with many variations ... 17
Doubtful

Factories. 101
FACTOEIES.
ALTENROLHAU near Carlsbad,
Germany ... ... pot imp 1829
A. Nowotny, Director & h p
AMSTEL,Oude 3nearAr sterdam,
Holland ... ... hp p blue 1782
AMSTEL, Nicwer ... ... h p p blue 15
AMSTERDAM, Holland ... h p ji blue 1772
A. Daeuber, Director ... , t 178-

Pottery and Porcelain
AMSTERDAM, Holland
Hartog $ Brandeis
ANDENNES, France
B. Lammens $ Co.
A. Der Vander Wcert
pot p color 1780
pot imp 18
ANsrACH, Bavaria ... h p p blue 1718
And other varieties <strong>of</strong> the
A^sometimes like crossed
s words
The Eagles and Shields t , n n
vary very much, and
sometimes on A used
without the letter

P
X

io 4 Pottery and Porcelain
\ BADEN-BADEN, Germany
Widwu Sperl
BAYRETJTII, Bavaria ... pot p
n
BERLIN, PRUSSIA.
h p p gold 1753
or color
black )k 15-
rot D blue 15
kip p 1744
Established by W. G. Wegeley, in 1751, and purchased
by Frederick the Great, in 1763. Pott, a chemist at
this factory, claims the invention <strong>of</strong> transfer printing on
porcelain.
BERLIN, Prussia.
Wegeley h p p blue 1751

1
KPK
BERLIN, Prussia
Factories. 105
Royal Factory. Many
forms <strong>of</strong> sceptre ... h p p blue 176-
Konigliche PorzelleR.
Manufactur
This Ea,gle is also used by
Schuman, <strong>of</strong> Hoabit,
with namet
Frequently painted tn
green or gold over the
sceptre mark, on
damaged pieces
1830
r 1850
18

io6 Pottery and Porcelain
B
BlaR
op
*
I:
t
BORDEAUX, France
Lahens 4" Rateau
BOURG-LA-EEINE, France .-. s p p
Le Chappelet ,
BOW.
h p p color 18
4 pot
blue 1773
This factory ivas established about 1735, "but did not
become celebrated until many years later.
Bow e p p blue 173

it
To
Bow
Factories. 107
The form and position
<strong>of</strong> the sword vary
The triangle has long been
considered a Bow mark t
but recent researches
have rendered it doubt-
ful, it is <strong>of</strong>ten hard to
say if it is a Bow or
Triangle, the latter is
now proved to have been
used at CHELSEA and
DERBY
Triangle, imp
A. B. F. G. & K. are also
found, probably workmen's
<strong>marks</strong>
Also BRISTOL
B p p blue 173-
p red
&gold
imp
inc '
p gold
& color
p Dine

io8 Pottery and Porcelain
ELERS
*
B
B
BRA i>WELL pot imp 1600
BRISTOL
Founded ly llicliard h p p color 1772
Champion
,, And other imitations <strong>of</strong>
Oriental <strong>marks</strong> ... ,,
The cross impressed hp pr blno IS
& biscuit
imp
For Tebo, the modeller.
Many other ivorlcmeris
<strong>marks</strong> are found ino 17-

LC
JB
J{. S/iau-e.
WEDGWOOD.
Wedgwood.
Wedgwood <
Bentley.
Aaron Wood.
Enoch Wood.
Wood&
Caldwell.
Steel.
BEUSSELS, Belgium
L. Crette
BURSLEM, Staffordshire
And Ralph T<strong>of</strong>t
Factories. 109
h p p color 1791
P .>
pot in relief 1G70
.1 , imP 167 ~
173-
175-
1768
175-
1783
1790
18

10 Pottery and Porcelain
caen
CALDAS
PORTUCAI
BUEN RETIRO (Madrid), Spain
,,
,,
Attributed to Royal
Factory, Charles III.,
but probably LUDWIQS-
BUKQ
The Capo di Monte mark
is found on early pieces
And M only ...
CAEN, France
Also in capitals
CALDAS, Portugal
Mafra^ maker. Imitations
<strong>of</strong> Palissy ware
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples
And various other forms
<strong>of</strong> Fleur de lys
Ferdinand IV, patron ...
s p p color
& pot
176-
h p p red 1793
pot imp 18
s p p blue 1736
p red 1759
or blue
& imp.

Os
D. D. & Co.
CASTLEFOED
POTTERY.
SALOPIAN.
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples
Factories. ii i
This factory has success-
fully imitated old ma-
jolica
Ferdinandus Rex
CASEMKNE, France
Lafl4cliere and Pzillaird
CASTLEFOED. near Leeds
D. Dunderdale
CAUGHLEY, Shropshire
Established in 1750, by
. Brown, taken in 1772
by Thomas Turner .
Crescent marked thus is
<strong>of</strong>ten mistaken for J)
arid attributed to
Duesbury <strong>of</strong> DERBY.
s p p color J79
p color 1780
pot imp 18
pot imp 1790
h p p blue 1750
p blue

112 Pottery and Porcelain
s
X
TURNER.
CAUUHLEY, Shropshire ... h p p blue 1750
And other numerals thus
treated, to rescmUe
oriental <strong>marks</strong>
,, (?) Turner,
WORCESTER
Rose Sf Co. ...
CHAM-TILLY, France
Also u'ithname
attributed lo
h p imp 1772
& pot
h p p blue 17
p blue J77-
color 1799
s p p blue
and imp

'Si/*
A 4
Ti
Factories*
CHELSEA.
This factory, established in {he 17th century, acquired
little celebrity until about 1750, when the modelling and
beauty <strong>of</strong> the paste rendered its productions equal to
those <strong>of</strong> any foreign factory.
CHELSEA
The best quality in gold
p imp 174-
p gold
or rod
174

M
Pottery
and Porcelain
CHELSEA ... ... s p p gold 1745
And with name in full
CLIGNANCOURT, near Paris ... h&spp
This varies very much
or red
& imp
r /v* " Monogram <strong>of</strong> the Patron, h p st red
/r / f
^*
|&
^->
Louis Stanislas Xavier,
Comte de Provence
color IV "5
Porcelaine de Monsieur tt f 1780
CoALrORT, or COALBROOK h p p blue 1787
DALE, Shropshire
^wd C. J>aZe ... ... .. .,
18

%>
MX
Voyez.
I
RV/c.
Factories.
COALFORT, or COALBROOK
DALE, Shropshire
Caughley, Swansea, Nant-
garw, united 1821
... ... h p p blue 18
1861
COBRIDGE, Staffordshire ... pot imp 1773
p blue 18-
COLOGNE, Germany pot ] blut, 1589
16-

oi6 Pottery and Porcelain

CEIEL.
D
ITD
7
Cm EL, Franco
Factories.
Also with monogram <strong>of</strong>
Stone-Coquerel and Lc
Gros <strong>of</strong> Paris
DAMH, Germany ...
DELFT, HOLLAND
pot imp J7S-
h P p blue 17
Potteries were established here at a very early date;
it is said that fine ware was produced in 1480, nothing
certain is Icnoivn lefore 1614, when a patent ivas granted
to Cla.es Janssen Wytman's,for making porcelain, probably
fine pottery.
DELFT, Holland
The A *
PHA De Griekse. A.
J. T. Dextra or Dilcstraat
Mark registered
pot p blue
17G1

n8
DEX
7
I. H. D.
DELFT,
Pottery and Porcelain
Holland ...
Zoon Dexlra ...
,, On tyare ttrMTi same pat-
,,
terns as that with first
mark
The works were carried on
by Ja robus Haider
Adriens Zoon in 1765...
(?) Jacobus Haider
Cornells van Os had the
works in 1767
,, ThoA.XE. DeByl
Justus Brouwer
pot p blue 1764
,, p bluo
17C5
rcg 17G4

'80
DELFT, Holland ...
Factories.
Justus Brouwer.
This is also attribuied to
A.Kielle, <strong>of</strong> the Wliite
Star.
The CLAW. De Klaauw
Lambertus Sanderus.
,, This mark is so varied
that it is usually " un-
known." It has leen
called The Griffin !
The DOUBLE PITCHER.
DC Dubbelde Schenkkan
Thomas Spaandonclc...
pot p blue 1764
reg 17G4
17G4

I 20 Pottery
tjTUTLl.\
(A.
,T. H. F.
Int. Fortuyn.
De
I. D. A.
DELFT, Holland
and Porcelain
,, FORTUNE. T' Fortuyn... pot p blue reg 1'J'J!
Pieter van der Briel
., TFccluice i'. d. Uriel
,,
The GOLDEN BOAT. /H
tier vergulde Boot
Johannes der Appel
TLc GOLDEN FLOWERPOT
De vergulde blompot ...
P. Verberg
1704

HVMD
MP
E. B. S.
j
Factories. 12.1
DELFT, Holland
The HART. T' Hart ... pot p blue rcg 17G4
,,
Hendrik van Middeldijk
The METAL POT
De Metaale Pot
Lartibertus Clejjfius
Pietcr Paree
...
The old MOOB'S HEAD ...
In V oude Moriaans Hojft
Geertruy Verstelle
Tbe young MOOR'S HEAD
Tjongue Moriaans H<strong>of</strong>ft
Widow <strong>of</strong> Picler Jan
v. d. Hagen
Probably a mark <strong>of</strong> one or
other <strong>of</strong> these factories
The PEACOCK. De Paaaw
Jacobus de Milde
p color
1639
1704
pblae .. 1G51
>,
17C1

122 Pottery and Porcelain.
7='
twn
PVM
DELFT, Holland
Jacobus de Milde pot blue [i 17C1
,,
(?) Cornells Boumeester
The PORCELAIN BOTTLE
De Porceleyne Fles
Pieter van Doorne ...
The PORCELAIN PLATTER
De Porceleyne Sclwotel
., Johannes van Duyn ...
, t
Tlte EOMAN
De Romeyn
Petrus van Merum
reg 17G4

DELFT, Holland
Factories. 123
,, JanvanderKlootJanzcon pot p blue 1764
/oo7; thejactory
The EOSB ...
De Roos
Dirfe van der Does
The THREE BELLS
De drie klokken
W. van der Does
This varies so much
that it is <strong>of</strong>ten
" unknown "
Doubtful
ieg!7G4

I2 4 Pottery and Porcelain
FB
Hooren.
7?
WVB
L P Kan
DELFT, Holland
,, The THREE PORCELAIN rel7(M
BOTTLES De drle Par-
cel eyrie fleschjes
,, Hufjo Brouwer ... pot p blue ,,
The THREE PORCELAIN
BARRELS De drie Por-
celeyn aslonnen
Hendrick van Hoorn ... ,,
The Two SHIPS ...
De twee Sheepjes
,, Ant. Pennis ... ... ,, , ,,
The Two WILD MEN ... ;..
DC twee wildemans
,, Widow <strong>of</strong> Willem van ,.
Beek
The WATER CA:T ... -.
De Lampetkan
W(dow <strong>of</strong> Gerardus Brouwer

AK-
/t/C
As
DELFT, Holland
The WHITE STAB
De ivitie stcr
J
Factories. 125
(?)FancZrJ,osc/
,. Beryliem
fi^t^r variations
pot p brie
reg 17G4
J774

LVj
V
Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT, Holland
,,
Isaalc Lrouwer
(?) Van der Does
(?) Van Dammelar
Suter van der Even
Ifartmus
so attributed
^Infoni Ter Hwnpelin
plMue
1750
1580
-eg 1G75
color 1650

IfK
UK
J-ff
r
Bf
\ DELFT, Holland
Q. Kleynoven
Factories.
Jan Kuylicli the younger
Johannes Mesch
Cornells Keyser
Jacobus Pynalcer and
Adrien Pynaker
12
p blue re^f 1680
*i
-
.

128 Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT, Holland
,, Keyset* 4* Pynal:er p
,,
,,
"
Jan Steen
Samuel Piet Roerdcr
Willem van der Velde ..,
Abraham Verboom
Piet *r iseer ... ..
(?) Philip Wouvermans ..
I
blue xG80
color
1650
1660
1680
1769
15-

AVIf
T>7M.
2l>
1173
6-JVC
G")&
'779
HX2-
DELFT, Holland
Factories-
UNKNOWN MARKS
(?) In 7 71
129
p co 1 or 1773
pblufe
p rea
p bl**

xw
KVK
MVC
4
Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT, Holland
UNKNOWN MARKS
., (?) Jan Kuylich
On ware painted
in the
style <strong>of</strong> Majolica. An
imitation <strong>of</strong> a Savona
mark-
p blue
f blue 1731
p oolor
p bine
p red 17

4#
Factories..

Pottery and Porcelain
PEHBY.
Founded in 1751, ly W. Duesbury, who, in 1770, pur-
chased the Chelsea Works, and, in 1781, removed the
moulds and models to Derby; also Bow, 1770.
DERBY ... .. s p p red
Duesbury.
DERBY CHELSEA ... ... s p
Later in lilac, then in red
CROWN DERBY ... ... h p p
p gold
or red
p gold
Also without the dots or violet
with monogram D K
1756
1770
177-
red 1780
Duesbury and Kean ... ,, ., 1798
- Also with in old English
type ^ 1780

A
Joshua Heath.
DEJIBY
Factories. 133
,, In imitation <strong>of</strong> the Sevres h p p
, ,
mari violet
In imitation <strong>of</strong> the Chinese
,, Probably a workman* t
mark
red or 1798
p blue
M
& imp
And in oval h p pr color [ 183g
Stevenson $ Hancock ... lip p
Cockpit Hall
DOCCIA, near Florence, Italy
Various star <strong>marks</strong>
color 186-
pot imp 1760
9 p p color 1735
imp &
p gold

'34
GINORI.
C/PO
Pottery
and Porcelain
DOCCIA, near Florence, Italy...
The founder's name
The Capo di Monti mould*
were transferred here
about
DRESDEN, SAXONY.
n I> imp 1735
1821
The first European Porcelain manufactory, established
by Augustus II. in 1709, under the management <strong>of</strong>
fiottjer.
DRESDEN, Saxony
,, Augustus Rex, founder ... hp p
The Caduceus (sale mark)
Bottger ware
And other square <strong>marks</strong>
in imitation oj oriental
blue 1709
1712
to 1720
about 1718

factories. '35
, {Saxony...
Herold, manager
,, 'Brulil, manager
Alcissen porzeilen manu*
faclur. A'so without
the words.
h p p blue 1720
1720
1730
17-

x
X
XX
Pottery and Porcelain
DEES DEN, Saxony...
Early mark
Sachsiche porzellen mami-
factur
Konigliche porzellen manu-
factur
,, Harcolini, manager ... 9 ,
,,
On white porcelain (per-
fect), for sale.
On imperfect pieces
p p blio 17
l> blue
scratched
through
1750
17-
1770
I79G

Wedgwood$Co
DRESDEN, Saxony...
Un 'imperfect pieces
,,
Factories, 137
On faulty table goods
A modern imitation <strong>of</strong>
early mark
b p p blao 17
scratched
through
p blue 18
& imp
ELBOGEN, Bohemia ... h p imp 1810
see Wedgwood
FERRYBRIDGE, near TJurslcm ,,
& pot

Pottery and Porcelain
FLORENCE, Italy .., * p p color 1580
This varies very much
,, The arms <strong>of</strong>
the Medici
family. Rare marie.
FEANKENTHAL, Bavaria ... h p p bltto 1754
The arms <strong>of</strong>. Hannong
<strong>of</strong> Strasbourg, removed
here, 1753.
Paul Hannong
Also J. A. H. t in monogram & pot fc in/
Carl Theodore, patron ... hp p
FULDA, Germanv ...
Furstlick Fuidaisch
...
15
blue 1761
p blue 17G3
to 17SO

t FULDA,
R.
Germany ...
On figure?..
FURSTENBEEG, Germany
,,
GERA
GOT u *
Factories. 139
The F varies very much...
,, Rotheribcrg, the founder
GROSBREITENBACH
Sometimes a mere flourish
h p p blue 17G3
h p p blue 170
h p p blue 1780
b p p blue 175-
h p p r-olor 1770

1 4o Pottery ana Porcelain
E. Mayer.
Lakin fy Poole.
Shorthose.
NEALE & Co.
J. MEIGH &
SONS.
NEELD.
HAGUE (THE), Holland ... hp p blue 177-
J Stork the Arms oj ihe
Town
HALDENSTEBEN, ALT, Germany hp imp
HANLEY
Also Heigh .
In imitation <strong>of</strong> Wedgwood
pot imp
17
177-
1776
U79
173-
178

J. Keeling.
Eastwood.
Shorthose Sf
Heath.
T. SNEYD,
HANLEY.
Mason's
Ironstone
China.
HEREND.
H)
HANLEY
Factories. 141
W. Baddeley
Lane Delph, near ... ,, pr
HERCULANEUM see LIVEKPOOL.
pot imp 179-
18
color 1813
HEREND, Hungary h p p blue 1800
Also Shield $ Crown <strong>of</strong>
Austria, fy Shield %
Crown <strong>of</strong> Hungary.
Maurice Fischer ... 1839
HESSE CASSEL, Germany ... h p p blue 1763
HESSE DARMSTADT, Germany h p p blue 1756
HILDERSHEIM, Germany h p p blue 1760

D
KiEETb
\S
n ^
3T
fitd
T
Pottery and Porcelain
HOCHST, near Mayence, Germany h p p gold 1720
The arms <strong>of</strong> the Archbish'm & color
Dahl
KIEF. Russia
<strong>of</strong> Maymce
KIEL, Denmark ...
Bu.chwald, Director
Abr. Leihamer fecit
Also K. T. G ...
pot p color 1791
&hp
pot p color 178-
pot p gold 177-
or color
KORZEC, Poland ... ... h p p blue 1803
,,
The mark varies very much,
and is sometimes usea
with the name
KREUZEN, Germany
Caspar Vest
Hans Christoplie Vest
pot p color 1610
to 1GOO

J. Lockett.
TURNER.
B. Plant.
T. Harley,
Lane Lnd.
1
Maf 4 Newld
Bailey $
Batlcin.
LEEDS TT'irTia LEEDS
' POTTERY.
UlU
Factories.
LANE END or LONGTON,
Staffordshire
Mayer Sf Ncwbold
Also with name, Hartley,
Green $ Co.
LILLE, France
Dorez
D is also found on s<strong>of</strong>t paste.
1 43
pot imp 17
pot & imp
hp
imp & 18
pr color
pot imp - 18
1762
177-
1809
pot imp 177(?
p color
imp
pot p oobr 1711
j,
174-
17

1 44
I
Pottery and Porcelain
LILLE, France
F. Boussemart.
Petit
pot p color 1729
1778
Patron, The Dauphin ... h p stcn & 1784
Leperre Duroo. p red
LIMBACH, Saxe meiningen ... hp p red 17G1
p gold
p coicr
LIMOGES, France ... h p p red 1773

J.p
Factories. H5

146 Pottery and Porcelain
Davenport.
LONGPORT.
Phillips.
yi.rf
X
LONGPORT
J. Davenport
A blurred impression <strong>of</strong>
" ^ war& is read Liver-
pool in mistake for
Davenport..
pot imp 1793
pr red
imp
LOOSDRECHT, near Amsterdam, bp p bine
Holland
Manufactur
oude Loos-
drecht. Moll, director
LOWESTOFT ... ... s*hp ,,
No mark used by factory
I/UDWIGSBURG, Wiirtemberg h p p blue
Tnitial <strong>of</strong> Duke Charles,
sometimes used with-
out the crown
] r blue 1S05
17GO
1772
175-
1758

TR
.
B.1 E
u/ vi/
I
! LUDWIGSBURG,
Factories
Wiirtembcrg
Thisform is also attributed
to Madrid
h p p blue 1758
An antler from ihe arms ,.
<strong>of</strong> Wilrtemberg
Also W. R. ...
LUXEMBOURG, Belgium
Boch, Director
MADRID -see BUEN EETIRO.
MALTA ...
MARANS, France ... ... pot p
Jean Pierre Roussencq
MARIEBERG, Sweden ... pot p
& s p
or red
p blue 1C06
to 1818
pot p color. 180G
&lip
pot imp 18
color 1740
colo* 1750

148 Pottery and Porcelain
. c.
V
c c
B
MARIEBEEG, Sweden
Ehrenreich.
MARSEILLES, France
Also with C. S.
Savy
Veuve Pernn
lionnefoy
pot p color 17*
& s p
>
pot p color 1777
pr .,
p black 17CO
., p color 1769
hp p black 1777
&pot

DV
TAPKHEPt
Factories. 149
MEISSEN, near Dresden, Saxony pet imp 17
Boltger
MENECY VILLEROT, France... op p color 1735
Dulce <strong>of</strong> Villeroy
& inc
MIDDLESBOROUGH, Yorkshire pot p blue 18
20, the pattern mark imp
MONTET, Franco ...
Laurjorois, manager
MONTPELLIER, France
Le Vouland
pot imp 18
pot imp 18
MONTREUIL, sous bois, Franco h p p blue 18
Tinet
Moscow, Russia ...
A. Gardner
h p p color 17

5 o Pottery and Porcelain
nonoBbi
7*
I^AHHA
e
NANTGARW.
Moscow, Russia ...
-4. Popo/.
li p p
) 91
color 1830
,, F. G. Fabrica Gospodina h p imp 18
(The factory <strong>of</strong> our & pot color
Lady) Galena
MOUSTIEKS, Franco
,,
Olery
Feraud
Guichard
Also the G only
NANTQARW, AVales
1686
p color 172-
pot p color 173-
,,
stcn in
dots
h p imp & 1813
color

Factories.
NAPLES. See CAPO DI MONTI.
NEVERS, France ...
,, Jacques Bourdv
,,
,,
Denis Lefebvre
Henri Borne
Jacques Scigne
,, Francois Rodrigue
,
Tile mstori ...
pot p color 15
3) It
II
>t
>5 S>
1602
1636
1730
1850

I C2 Pottery
and Porcelain
NEWCASTLE. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE ... pot imp 18
X
PBC
Nove
NOVE
*
NIEDEBVILLER,. near Stras- h p p blue 1760
1
bourg France , & pot
Baron de Beyerle", the
founder
General de Custine ... 1786
,, And other varieties oj the ,,
coronet
,, Lanfray, director ... fiten 1802
NIMES, France ... ... pot
PLantier Boncourant # Co.
xmp
183-
NOVE, Italy h p p gold 1750

Factories.
NOVE. Italy h p p gold 175
or color
NUREMBURG, Germany ... pot imp 155(
Ham Kraut ... ... p blue 1578
,, George Liebolt
NYMPHENBERG, Bavaria
The arms <strong>of</strong> Bavaria
NYON, Switzerland ... ,,
Pierre Mulhausen, painter >}
1667
b p imp 1753
,, p blue ,,
1790
18-

'54 Pottery and Porcelain
VA

^yV_
H
A
Manuf"- de
MM"-
Guerliard et
liihl a Paris-.
Factories. '55
I PARIS, France ... ... h p p
,,
Gros
,,
P. A. Hannong
Advenir Lamarre
Porcelaine de la Reine ... f
Lelxeuf. Marie Antoinette,
patroness
Housel took the factory ...
Guerhard
Due d'Angouleme, patron
Also the names in full
Nast
together and separate.
:
color 1773
n
1773
red 1778
1799
p rod 1780
h p &t red 1783

Dagoty.
&
Feuillet
F&R
P
*
I Pi/!
Pottery and Porcelain
PARIS, France Dagoty ... hp ji ret. 179-
Feuillet ...
J. Petit ... ... h p {.
blue 1790
Clianou ... red 1784
Schlossmacher M v gold 187-
PERKENHAMMER, near Carlsbad,
Austria
hp j> color 1802
Fischer & Reichembach
PlNXTON ... ... Sp
80 attributed, but the
MOUTH
factory had no acknow-
ledged <strong>marks</strong>.
The sign <strong>of</strong> Jupiter
1794
h p p blue 176-

Factories. 157
PLYMOUTH ... ... h p p blue 176-
Probably Jupiter carelessly
pencilled
Doubtful
POPPLESDORF, Germany
QUIMPER.
Hubaudiere.
... ... h p p blue 1770
17
pot imp 176-
imp
1809
EA'IWNSTEIN, Germany ... hp p blue 1760
REUENSBERU or RATISBON ... h p p bluo 17
Germany

k
f
I ?A
pr
fD
X
Pottery and Porcelain
REGENSBERG, cr RATISBON, bp p bit . 17-
Germany
EOCKINGHAM See SWINTON
ROUEN, France ... pot p color
,, A great many initials are
given by
as Rouen <strong>marks</strong>
EUDOLSTADT, Germany ... h p jicoior 1758
Hay fork, part <strong>of</strong> the
Arms <strong>of</strong> ftchwa'ftzberg

I
I
Factories,
UUDOLSTADT, Germany ... h p p color 1758
SAINTES, FRANCE.
Bernard PaU?sy settled here about 1538 and after
unceasing efforts succeeded in producing the well-Known
pottery called by his name
SAINTES, France pot inc
So attributed
ST. AMAND, France ... puC, p 1750
Fauquez, director.
ST. CLOUD, b''ranc*> ... s p imp 1702
J. B. Chicanneau ... pot p bluo 1700
,, When patronised by the king ,, 1702
&sp
to 1715

6o Pottery and Porcelain
Cc
6
8 rtrt
^ n
ST. CLOUD, France
Trou, director
ST. PETERSBURG, iiussis
Catherine 11
ft Made for the Palace bv
Paul Kornil<strong>of</strong>fe
pot

-4
BPATKEBT*
KopHMAOBblXTi
sx
^L^
ST. PETERSBURG, Russia
,,
Alexander I.
Nicholas!. ...
Factories. 161
Brothers Kornel<strong>of</strong>fski
Alexander II,
ST. SAMSON, France
h p p color 1801
pot imp
1827
1855
183-
SCEAUX PENTHIEVRE, Franco s p inc 1750
^ZsoSP. to 1760
Due de Penthievre. Lord
High Admiral, patron pot p bluo 1751
sp
1753
Sceaux. J.792

162 Pottery and Porcelain
tfe Sevres
SCHAFFHAUSEN, Germany
Tobias Slimmer.
SCHLAKENWALD, Austria
pot
hp
SEVEES, FBANCE.
p coior 1560
1800
This Factory was removed from Vincennes in 1756.
and, under the patronage <strong>of</strong> Madame de Pompadour
became the most celebrated in Europe. The s<strong>of</strong>t past*
vases, etc., are now invaluable, owing to their form, colour,
and artistic decoration.
SEVRES, France.
,, Royal period. Sometimes
with crown. The letter
indicates the year. See
TabU.
Hard paste first made
Republic
And name only ...
National Manufactory ...
Marlz 1804. See Table.
Imperial Manufactory ...
s p p blue 1753
J7C8
h & s p colov 1792
h p st red 1803
1806

25"
JO
Sevres
30
SEVRES,
Factories. 163
France ...
Imperial Manufactory.
Louis XVIIL
Dated with ttie year <strong>of</strong>
the century.
Charles X. ...
,,
,,
On plain ware
On decorated ware
Louis Philippe. From
August to Decemler.
1830, to November, 1831
h p p red 1810
stcn
& imp
p blue 1814
p color
1824
1829
1830

164 Pottery and Porcelain
I SEVRES, France ...
Louis Philippe
With the ahom
Republic to 1851
On decorated ware.
h p p blue 1334
imp or 1833
pr color
pr green 1848
p red
Napoleon III. , Emperor hp pr color 1852
The raarat- h &
facture <strong>of</strong>s<strong>of</strong>t paste was s p
revived 1854.
The scratch <strong>marks</strong> the piece m
as undecorated.
pr green
1854
1861

Factories.
SEVBES.-TABLE OF DATES.

66 Pottery and Porcelain
AA

Factories. .67
| SEVRES. Initials and Monograms <strong>of</strong> Decorators, $c.
/*'* Chapui?, aine ... Flowers, Birds, etc.

i68 Pottery and Porcelain
^^ SEVRES. Initials and Monograms <strong>of</strong> Decorators,

XA
Factories. 169

#
Pottery and Porcelain

p
? 1
Factories. 171

172 Pottery and Porcelain
SEVRES. Initials and Monograms <strong>of</strong> Decorators, $c.
Schadre ... ... Birds and Landscapes.
Sinsson ... ... Flowers.
Swebach ... Landscapes, etc.
Bineb ... ... Flowers.
Vande ... ... Gilding and Flowers.
Mde. Gerard .
. Flowers
and Borders.
Hilken ... ... Pastoral Subjects.
Vavasseur .
. . Arabesques
Grison ... ... Gilding.
Micaud ... .. Flowers, Vases
Bouillat ... Landscapes and Flowers
Joyau ... ... Detached Flowers.
UNKNOWN.
Figure subjects, finely painted.
Do. do.
On fine ware, with other <strong>marks</strong>.

?
Factories. '73
SEVRES. Maries <strong>of</strong> Decorators,
Buteux, pere ... Flowers and trophies.

'74 Pottery and Porcelain
#

5 6
9-
Factories.

M 8.
ASTBTJBT.
E. & J.
BADDELEY
I. & G.
RlDGWAY.
J. & W. E.
Sincheny.
Noel
Pottery and Porcelain
Choisy ...
Aubert ...
Martinet . . .
SEVRES. Marks <strong>of</strong> Decorators, i^c.
... Flowers, medallions.
. . . Flowers
, trophies .
... Flowers.
The lest Painters, fyc., are n Italics.
SHELTON
New Hall Works
and name Hackwood.
,
Miles
,, Baddeley
Bell Works
SINCENY, France
pot pr color 1820
,, imp 17
1842
1685
1750
177-
lo 1816
to 1854
pot p color 1733

SPODE.
Porcelar
SINCENT, France
,,
Joseph le Cerf.
Moulin
STOKE-UPON-TllENT
,,
Minton
Factories. '77
On best
,, Gopeland. Copeland $
Garrett, 1833. Cope-
land, late Spode, 1847.
pot p color 177-
1864
pot imp 1770
h p p red
,, p
color 179-
h p p gold 185
or color
pr blue 18
pr color 185-
STBASBOUBG, Germany ... pot p blue 17
Hannong removed to & h p
Frankenthal, 1754.

.78 Pottery and Porcelain
M.
PHILLIPS &Co
DIXON & Co.
MOORE & Co.
SOUTHWARE.
SWANSEA.
X SWANSEA
SWANSEA.
-
n p p color 178-
imp
4- Co. sten rod 181-
SWINTON, Eockingham ... h p pr red 17
The Eockingham Crest.
First used about 1824.
Brameld, maker.
18

BF.AJHELD, SWINTON, Buckingham
BOOTH.
CHILD.
A. $E. Keeling.
VV. ADAT\IK.
TOULOUSE, France
Factories. 79
Fouque, Arnoux et Cie.
h p pr red 1807
&pot
pot p color 1820
TOUKNAY, Franco ... sp p blue 175-
Tour aux oiseaux. Also
a potter's kiln.
TOURS, France
Victor Avisseau.
TUNSTALL
And name in full Enoch
Booth.
V gold
or blue
h p p blue 184-
pot imp 1750
17(53
1770
1780

i8o Pottery and Porcelain
t*
Ven?
CM
TURIN, Italy ... ... h p imp 1770
Vineuf, Dr. Gioanetti.
UZES, France
Francois Pichon.
VAL sous MEUDON, France.
VABAQES
Mittenh<strong>of</strong> $ Mourot.
VENICE, Italy
,,
Giovanni Marcone
pot
& pr
18-
179-
pot p black 1730
or red
h p p red 17
or blue
s p p gold 17
or color
h p p rod 1765
VIENNA, Austria ... ... p blue 1774
The shape <strong>of</strong> the shield or imp
varies.

s
VINCENNES, France
The Tower varies.
9> Hannong
fJSTS'\/l\f VILLENGEN, Nuremberg
n-/L.l/yVj Hans Kraut.
cSv VOLKSTADT, Germany
VOISONLIEU, France
Jean Ziegler.
WEDGWOOD. WEDGWOOD, Burslem and
Wedgwood.
Etruria.
Factories. 181
s p p ?olor 17
li p 178-
hp
pot
s-t
& imp
15-
17G2
1839
pot imp 175-
A h p
1770
imp
17G8
to 1780

132 Pottery and Porcelain
WORCESTER
This Factory was established, in 1751, by Dr. Wall and
others. The invention <strong>of</strong> transfer printing on porcelain is
attributed to Dr. Wall, but is also claimed for Sadler, <strong>of</strong>
Liverpool, and Dr. Pott, <strong>of</strong> Berlin.
WORCESTER s p p blue 1751
Dr. Wall
Imitation <strong>of</strong> Chinese <strong>marks</strong>
Many <strong>marks</strong> are found in
this style, in imitation
<strong>of</strong> Oriental.
or gold
p blue
or red
p p blue
or red
17

X WORCESTER
Imitation Dresden <strong>marks</strong>
c
tfipfit
,,
Factories. 183
Flight
and name on

1 84 Pottery
RI
and Porcelain Factories.
WORCESTER ... ... h t> pr 18
,, And Chamberlains only. 178-
., Grainger, Lee $ Co. ... 1800
,, Richard Holdship. A .
Duorator's mafic. He
also ivorkedfor Derby.
p color 175-
WURZBUKG, Bavaria ... ,, p blui 17
ibsolom Yam. YARMOUTH ... pot
^ .Z?,.. orator, also wit''
name inj.^.
ZURICH, Switzerland hp ,)blue 1759
W.C.P.

Oriental. 1 8
ORIENTAL MARKS.
CHINA.
CHINESE porcelain is said to date from about a century before the
Christian era ; their pottery is <strong>of</strong> the greatest antiquity, and,
like the
porcelain, is <strong>of</strong> every quality. The oldest example that can now be
obtained is <strong>of</strong> the Ming period, though, if the <strong>marks</strong> could be relied on,
there are many pieces <strong>of</strong> the 10th century still to be found, but <strong>marks</strong>
are so easily imitated, and Chinese potters are so fond <strong>of</strong> reproducing
old patterns with <strong>marks</strong> complete, that very little reliance can be placed
upon them. The best periods <strong>of</strong> the manufacture <strong>of</strong> porcelain during
the Ming dynasty, were
Yun^ 10 " 1403 to 1424
Seuen-tih ... 1426 1435
Ching-hwa 14C5 1487
Kea-tsing 1522 15G6
Wan-leih ... 1573 1G19
Egg Shell" ware was first made in the Yung-lo period.
The euen-th was famous for all sorts <strong>of</strong> coloured ware.

1 86 Pottery and Porcelain.
The Ching-hwa produced the best ware and the finest
decoration. This mark commands larger prices in Europe
-f- H 7 than any other. The dark rich blue <strong>of</strong> the Kea-tching and
the white granulated surface <strong>of</strong> the Wan-leili, are very
choice. " Old blue China," or Nankin ware, is from the Im-
perial factories at King-te-chin a town <strong>of</strong> potters named after King-'e,
the Emperor, who first patronized the manufactory in 1004-1007. The
ware bore the "six mark" dates until 1667, when they were forbidden
by an edict from the governor <strong>of</strong> the province, lest any piece being
broken, the Emperor's name might be pr<strong>of</strong>aned by being carelessly
thrown on the dust heap. This blue ware was made by direction <strong>of</strong> the
Emperor, who ordered it to be <strong>of</strong> the colour <strong>of</strong> the sky after the winter
rains.
The <strong>marks</strong> on Chinese work are seldom either Factory or Painter's
<strong>marks</strong>. M. Stanislas Julien gives the mark <strong>of</strong> a potter <strong>of</strong> the Wan-leih
period, named Hao-chi-lihieoii, who excelled in writing verses and in
painting ; he appears to have taken religious vows and lived in retire-
, ^, -^ ment; his mark is Ou-in-tao-jin. Ou,
the hermit. M.
iPf H?. Jacquemart mentions a " six mark," " sold by Pei-tcliing,
AH5? made by Kien-ki." Some <strong>of</strong> those given are no doubt
In3\ makers' names as San-yuh, Mountain <strong>of</strong> Gems ; but the
<strong>marks</strong> most commonly found are in four or six characters, and denote
the date <strong>of</strong> the manufacture.
The "six mark" may be made out from the table <strong>of</strong> dates without
much trouble, except from badly formed characters, handwriting being
as varied in China as elsewhere.
Chinese writing is arranged in columns commencing at tne right,
reading downwards. If in a horizontal line it reads from right to left.

KEEN SEUEN-TA
CHE-TiH-MING
Oriental,
The first and second characters <strong>of</strong> the " six mark " show
woo- TA TA
C
EN- MING
E
/t | "ifc
the dynasty, thus :
' the third and fourth, the peri od
(n 'een haou), name <strong>of</strong> the years; the fifth signifies
/
!qpl year, and the sixth J|| made : thus, Ta-Ming, Hung-
woo, neen che. Great Ming (illustrious) dynasty, Hungwoo,
years; made. 13G8 to 1398. Or arranged thus, Ta.
Ming, Seuen-tth, neen, che. Made in the Seuen-tih period
<strong>of</strong> the Ming dynasty.
The next example
1426 to 1435.
is
Ta Ts'hing, Yung-ching, neen, die, Great Ts'hing (pure)
dynasty Yung-ching period. 1723 to 1735. The *' four
mark " is more troublesome, as it does not give the
dynasty it necessitates a search through the whole list <strong>of</strong>
dates ; it is read in the same order, thus : King-till
neen, che, made in the King-tih period, about 1004 to
1007.
The square <strong>marks</strong> called the Imperial Seal, which have
been in use from the beginning <strong>of</strong> the last century, are
read in the same way; they are written in an archaic
character that is only understood by antiquaries, and
are usually very badly done. In the list given, from the
best examples that could be obtained, it will be seen that
the first, second, fifth and sixth, which should be alike in all, vary
considerably; "four mark" seals are also given which show similar
variations.

i88
4
* *E
\
Pottery
and Porcelain
Dates are also written thus : Wan-leih pah r>&n che.
Wan-leih eighth year, made 1580.
All these may be known as dates by the last characters,
Ween year ;
and che, to make, form or fashion.
Sometimes another character is used, Neen tsaou, made
or make.
Ta Ming-she-heen, made in the time <strong>of</strong> the Great Ming
government. An example was found that probably read
thus : but it was too confused to be read with certainty ;
the piece waa modern ware.
Ta Ming neen che, made in the years <strong>of</strong> the Great Ming.
This is also to be found, but is probably a modern mark.
Another mode <strong>of</strong> dating is by the cycle <strong>of</strong> sixty years,
but as only the year <strong>of</strong> the cycle is given it does not
identify the period.
24th year ... ... p blue

Oriental.
One example was written thus-
Woo shin necn chc, 5th year p blue
The first column is called the ten celestial stems, and
the second the twelve terrestrial branches. The twelve
"branches" are the Chinese Zodiac: The Rat, Bull,
Tiger, Eabbit, Dragon, Serpent, Horse, Sheep, Monkey,
Cock, Dog and Boar. The ten " stems " are double
characters ; they are allied to the five Chinese elements :
Water, Fire, Wood, Metal and Earth. This system is
also used in Japan and Siam. The 76th cycle commenced
in 1864.
If ft 53
57
if "
OPT

190 Pottery and Porcelain.
5
m
ISA
The most interesting <strong>of</strong> these dates is that used in
the year 1721, Yew sin-choiv ne'^n che. Made in the Sin
chow year again (recurring). The Emperor Kang-he
came to the throne in the 38th year <strong>of</strong> the 68th cycle,
and died in 1722. He therefore had reigned for a whole
cycle on the recurrence <strong>of</strong> the 38th year in 1721, an
event unexampled in Chinese history.
In a later example the date is given both by the year
<strong>of</strong> the Emperor, and the year <strong>of</strong> the cycle.
T'hung-cJie sJuh urh necn. Kwci yew, 12th year <strong>of</strong>
T'hung-che. 10th year <strong>of</strong> cycle = 1874. The llth
year also commences in 1874.
TA MING Dynasty
Hung-woo
Keen-wan
Yung-lo
1368
1399
1403
DATES.
Seuen-te .. 1426
* Ching-t'hung
1436
King-tae ... 1150
* T'heen-shun 1457
Hung-he
* Some authorities reverse these two periods they both
belong to the Emperor Yung Ching, who was taken
prisoner by the Tartars, and held captive for seven yearf.
'
Ching-hwa ... 14G5

$&
Oriental. 191

IMIIII
m$IDJ
11
i j/
loP!
1*5.1
fl
luuii!
Pottery and Porcelain.
Kang-he ... 1662
Yung-ching
Keen-lung
1723
... 1736
Kea-king ... 1796
Taou-kwang
Han-fung
1822
... 1851
T'huvg-che
... 1861
Four Characters.
Ching-hwa... 14;^
Probably a forgery .
Shun-che ... 1641
Zeen-Zttnflr
Taou-ku-ang
Han-fung
... 1736
1822
... 1851
Thung-che... 1861
Two Characters-
Name only.
r/mnsr-c/tc...
186!

Oriental. 193
BAT.
Fuh, used as a synonym for happiness.
DRAGON,
With five claws, is an Imperial emblem, with four, <strong>of</strong>
the blood royal, and with three, <strong>of</strong> the nobility. Lungfung,
a dragon and a phoenix (divine bird <strong>of</strong> felicitous
omen), was a mark <strong>of</strong> the Scuen-to period, 1426 to H35.
FISH.
The two fish, an emblem <strong>of</strong> domestic felicity, is a
mark usually found on old blue or Nankin ware ; it is
one <strong>of</strong> the earliest known, from 969 to 1106. Cups with
handles in the form <strong>of</strong>- a red fish are <strong>of</strong> the Scucn-tc
period.
Many
FLOWER.
varieties <strong>of</strong> this mark are found in blue and also
in colours. A sesamuin flower painted under the foot <strong>of</strong>
a vase, &c., is a mark <strong>of</strong> Tou-chcou, 969 to 1106.
The Che plant, a kind <strong>of</strong> fungus, used as an emblem
<strong>of</strong> longevity.

Pottery ana Porcelain.
Emblem <strong>of</strong> longevity.
(?) Bat and peach.
(?)
The lotus.
Hoa, a small flower p vnted inside a cup,
is a mark <strong>of</strong> the
Yung-lo period, 14-3 to 1424. It signifies pleasure in
a vicious sense.
FLY,
Or Butterfly, ia found on old " Nankin."

Oriental.
GRASS.
'95
Tho " grass mark" is probably a water plant. About
A.D. 960 some such mark was used to denote ware <strong>of</strong> the
best quality.
INSCRIPTIONS.
A great variety are to be met with on old porcelain,
<strong>of</strong>ten in the place where the European mark is found.
Some are compliments and good wishes; others are in
praise <strong>of</strong> the articles inscribed ; many are quotations from
the poets and classical authors <strong>of</strong> all ages. These last are
not exemplified.
Tsew, wine. Small white cups thus marked were used by
the Emperor Kea-tsing, 1522 to 15G6.
Keen, rectitude. Mark <strong>of</strong> an early period, said to be on
articles sent to disgraced Mandarins.
Show, long life. This is a common Oriental compliment,
" May you live for ever," and occurs <strong>of</strong>tcner
than any other character. It has many variations ;
sometimes a piece <strong>of</strong> pottery or porcelain is marked
with a hundred or more j these are called " the
hundred sliow."

196 Pottery and Porcelain.
OS)
\Jy
CT3
if?
*
/*y_>_^%
\/
03
/03\
*
m
va/
/s\
Varieties <strong>of</strong> Show. Longevity.
jj
I \/
m
ffl
\/
\7
M \y
in
iiFr^
^
.fj
(il
flm
i
jii
m
t
\/
/)If\
AIA
*
/ffiil

m II
Oriental. 197
Show, is also drawn in circular, oval and elongated forms.
In ^/tow; this form is known as the spider mark.
Happiness, divine protection, felicity.
Also written in many different ways.
ii mm m

198 Pottery and Porcelain.
31
DP
Luh
m
Kc'ih
Wan
Hing
(?) Ke
Paou
Ting
Shun
(
Prosperity, wealth, great possessions
Prosperous.
Felicity, good luck.
A, and
found together.
| Jade, a gem, beautiful, precious, valu-
^ able, &c. , known as the F mark, being
I
<strong>of</strong>ten indistinct, and like that letter.
/ Literature. On articles made for use <strong>of</strong>
I
literarymen,therulingclass
<strong>of</strong> Cliina.
Exalted, highly esteemed.
A vessel, vase, ability, capacity.
Precious, valuable.
Perfect.
Elegant.

Koo Antique.
Shing Holy.
Oriental. 199
Tsuen Complete, perfect, a name.
King Good, excellent, congratulations.
Ch'ha Name.
The five blessings : which
are long life,
riches, health, the love <strong>of</strong> virtue, and
a natural death.
Precious or valuable jade.
Yuh chin Jade <strong>of</strong> great value ; pearl <strong>of</strong> great price.
Wan yuh
/ This is an example <strong>of</strong> the way <strong>marks</strong>
I are usually written.
Kare jade.

2OO Pottery and Porcelain.
m
Chin ivan
Choo foo
Keang Cang
Tsaou, fang
Tung gan
Yung ching
( A precious rarity.
A valuable curiosity.
Veritable jade. Chin
An elegant rarity. Yew wan
Great prosperity,felicity
or good fortune.
Western jade. The best )
jade comes to China > /% yuh
from the West. )
A pivot, and the most
polite expression for
the house <strong>of</strong> another.
Palace <strong>of</strong> the centre
<strong>of</strong> the universe mark
used 1260-1367.
Ginger preserved in syrup.
Inexpressibly precious.
A fruit (colled dates, by
Paoushing
Europeans) in Choiv Chow.
syrup
Both
<strong>marks</strong> <strong>of</strong> the Keatsing
period, 1 522-66.
The arrival <strong>of</strong> friends. Yew lae
Name imp on old ware.
Red olive cinnamon. "1
The Tcwei is a me- I
taphor
honours.
for
literary
Name p blue on old ware.
f
Tan Jcwei

Wei foo china \
I
Oriental. 201
Trr . , , . f Made to multiply (or increase the stock
L J v
<strong>of</strong>) veined jasper.
"HALL" MARKS.
There has been some uncertainty as to the exact
meaning <strong>of</strong> the word tang,
but Mr. Franks has ascer-
tained that it means the name <strong>of</strong> the establishment at
which the specimens so marked were made.
Jin ho kwan Hall <strong>of</strong> brotherhood and peace.
Lull e tang Waving bamboo hall.
Kheytih
tang die
Tsae jun
tang che
/ Hall for the honourable reception <strong>of</strong>
tang ) those who have gone before.
I Hall <strong>of</strong> ancestors.
Made at the Hall <strong>of</strong> rare jade.
Made at the Hall <strong>of</strong> brilliant colours.

2O2 Pottery and Porcelain.
t*
9
CVmw/ tih \
Made at the Hall <strong>of</strong> virtuous research.
|"
tang die }
*
Made at the Hall <strong>of</strong> f
advantage.
ll Ulade at the Hall 01
\ e
f the jewelled girdle.
Made at the Hall <strong>of</strong>f 1'***"*
abundant jade. (^ tang die
Tze tze \ Madc ftt the Hall <strong>of</strong> the
tang die J
violet embroidery.
Made at the Hall
<strong>of</strong>j
Ta sh
King
v-ei }
the great tree.
Made at the Hall <strong>of</strong> wor-
( tang die
tang die J
sni ant^ P veneration.
Made at the encourage- j
Yan9 ho
Ming \
Full
Yue
Tang
inent<strong>of</strong> harmony Hall. \ tang die
Tlie illustrious Fo's (or Buddha)
dience or prayer.
hall <strong>of</strong> au

flfe
&,
FfiU
.^.
^
kca ke
Shin till
tang che
Tseushunmei )
yuh tang
che )
Oriental. 203
Beautiful vase (or excellent vessel) <strong>of</strong> the
jade hall the Academy.
Made at the Hall <strong>of</strong> the cultiva-
tion <strong>of</strong> virtue.
made at
^ sJiin till tang R
Antique
the Shin lih \
Hall. J & boo che
f Made at the Hall <strong>of</strong> beautiful jade.
King tSen tang C Imitation <strong>of</strong> antiques made at the King
Men Hall, named after a distinguished
fang koo che
( ^^
Fuh kwci
chang chun
Teen kican
tsze fall
Wealth, honours, and a long spring time,
or lasting youth.
Wealth, honours,
and long life,
F*h ku' ci
j cjMng ming
May heaven confer happiness.

204 Pottery and Porcelain.
J/L*
jou
wan
Ching yew
ya tsc'ih
Pokoo
chin wan
Wan yuh
paou ting
Wan shang
Shan tow
Mei yuh
ya che
Nan chuen
kin yuh
Wonderful precious stone, resembling
a jewel.
A gem rare as jade.
The elegant collections <strong>of</strong> the Holy
Friends.
For the learned in antiquities, a valu-
able curiosity.
Elegant, perfect and precious ting, or
metal vase used for burning joss
stick or incense.
Scholarship l<strong>of</strong>ty as the Hills and the
Great Bear.' Compliment comparing
the recipient to the mountain Tae Shan
and the north pole or star, Pih tow.
Made for the connoisseur <strong>of</strong> beautiful
jade.
The elegant jade <strong>of</strong> Nan chuen.

l\ t/ffl
Oriental. 205

2O6 Pottery and Porcelain.
&J6
Yung cliing
yu die }
Leen cliing
khe how
Jo shin
chintsangf
\
)
Made for the service <strong>of</strong> Yung ching.
(?) Name.
Deep like a treasury
<strong>of</strong> ems "
This mark is <strong>of</strong> frequent occurrence, but is usually
very indistinct.
Keih tscang
JOU C }
Khe she paou \ ,
tiny che chin }
As fortunate as you can desire.
\ A gem among precious vessels <strong>of</strong> rare
stone '

ting die chin J
Oriental. 207
1 A gem among precious
J acle'
vessels <strong>of</strong> rare
Chung yeumei^ For thfl possessor <strong>of</strong> a true and faitllful
w
? /& iia -he I
neart this elegant gem was made.
Showpc nan shan, Long life as south mountain.
Fou jou tung hai, Happiness similar east sea.
Nan-shan is a mountain in Fong-lfiesang-foii. The in-
scription may be read, May you live to be as old as
the hills, and your happiness be as great as the sea
is wide.
LEAF.
The leaf mark is very common on pieces <strong>of</strong> every period ;
probably a leaf <strong>of</strong> the artemisia, an emblem <strong>of</strong> good
augury.

208 Pottery and Porcelain.
I

Oriental. 209
RABBIT,
or Hare, sacred to the moon, found on old Nankin ware,
an emblem <strong>of</strong> longevity.
SACRED AXE,
so called, it is probably the symbol Fuh embroidered on
the Emperor's sacrificial robes ; perhaps an equi-
valent for Full, Happiness.
SHELL,
a Buddhist emblem, A shell was lent by the Government
to the ambassadors to Loochoo, to ensure them a
prosperous voyage.
Faon. Precious, valuable.
SQUARE.

Pottery and Porcelain.
Kwo, National or Governmental.
Te shan, name.
Shan yiih or Shan wang, name.
On old ware, dragon pattern.
I
Found on old Nankin ware ; imitated by
Europe.
factories <strong>of</strong>
Maker or decorator's mark. Called House <strong>marks</strong> by the
Chinese.
Le Chih, name.

Oriental. 211
Chung-kith she The Chung-kuh family.
Fou kwci \ Beautiful vase for the wealthy and
kea Ice or '> noble ; or wealth, honours, and a
wong Jce
Ling Chang
tsee tsaou
Chin chow
she ts-uen
Jo shin
chin tsang
Heae chuh
choo jin tsam
Tsun Chin
j
vast intellect or rapacity.
Made by Ling Chang-tsee.
Valuable (vase) to explain the future.
Deep like a treasury <strong>of</strong> gems.
Made by (or for) the lord <strong>of</strong> the Heac
bamboos. Heae is the name <strong>of</strong> the
place where Ling Lun, minister <strong>of</strong>
the fabulous Emperor Hwang Ti, cut
bamboos to form musical instruments.
Name.

212 Pottery and Porcelain.
Examples <strong>of</strong> <strong>marks</strong> on Canton ware,
possibly to represent the Imperial
SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS.
12345 6
Pa-paou. The eight precious things.
' '
Seal. "
<strong>of</strong> recent date
1. Pearl or "tide jewel." 2. Probably a coin as an emblem <strong>of</strong> riches
3. Probably one <strong>of</strong> the dual symbol (?) the female. 4. Variant <strong>of</strong> last 01
male <strong>of</strong> dual symbol. 5. King, emblem <strong>of</strong> happiness or luck. 6. Pro
bably books. 7. Rhinoceros horns. 8. Leaf <strong>of</strong> artemisia, emblem ol
good augury.

Pa die siang.
Oriental. 213
The eight lucky emblems <strong>of</strong> the Buddhists.
1. Chung, a bell. 2. Lo, a chank shell. 3. San, State umbrella.
14 Kae, a 5. canopy. Hwa, the lotus, this is always without fillets.
6. , a vase with cover. 7. Yu, two fishes uuited by fillets, may
signify
domestic felicity.
8. Chang, an emblem <strong>of</strong> longevity. These
emblems are found as <strong>marks</strong>, and are also used in decoration.
Wan-tsc, Ten thousand things, everything, all creation.
cross <strong>of</strong> Buddha.
The "swastika" or fylfot ;
King, an emblem <strong>of</strong> good fortune.
This is also intended to give forth a sound when struck ;
it is used as a tuning fork ;
a Masonic emblem.
it has been mistaken for
Gourd, an emblem <strong>of</strong> longevity, inscribed Full, happi-
ness, in "Grass" character.
Joo-c, or sceptre <strong>of</strong> longevity, and musical instruments.

Pottery and Porcelain.
Peach and bat, the peach is an emblem <strong>of</strong> longevity and
the bat <strong>of</strong> happiness, here they symbolise the phrase
Fuh slwiv shwany chucn, a two-fold perpetuation <strong>of</strong>
happiness and longevity.
Pi, a pencil, ting, a cake <strong>of</strong> ink, joo-e, a sceptre <strong>of</strong>
longevity symbolizing the phrase, Pi ting joo c.
May things be fixed as you desire.
Paou. Precious things. Pencil and roll <strong>of</strong> paper.
Many
TABLE.
varieties <strong>of</strong> this mark are found on old Nankin
ware. It was imitated by Delft, Dresden, Worcester,
and other factories <strong>of</strong> Europe. Mr. Franks is <strong>of</strong> opinion
that it is a four-legged vase with a high ear on each side.
Probably a wedding cup.

Oriental. 1 1 5
These figures occur so <strong>of</strong>ten on old ware, especially that
intended for sacrificial use, that a few words may be given
to explain their purport.
The unbroken line Yang, represents the masculine or
perfection ; the divided line Yin, the feminine or imper-
fection. The group <strong>of</strong> four is called the Eze-seang or
four similitudes ; the eight are the Pa-qua or eight symbols
<strong>of</strong> Foh-he. The circle was added by Choiv, a member
<strong>of</strong> the Sung dynasty, who analysed and explained them.
The circle represents the original principle, the waved
line dividing it makes the dual power or the active and
passive principles <strong>of</strong> creation, it is called the Tae-Tceih,
this when in action, produced a male power, when at rest
a female power. From these were generated four visible
forms which represent in the innumerable combinations
<strong>of</strong> the eight symbols, the changes and transmutations
that take place in nature and in the affairs <strong>of</strong> the world.

2 1 6 Pottery
and Porcelain.
JAPAN.
THE manufacture <strong>of</strong> pottery is said to date from B.C. 660. A factory
was established by Corean potters A.D. 200. The first good glazed
pottery was made at Seto about 1230, by Toshiro, who had learnt the
art in China. Porcelain is said to have been first made by Gorodaytt
Shonsui, who also studied in China, and on his return in 1513 settled in
Hizen.
The great centre <strong>of</strong> the Japanese manufacture is in the province <strong>of</strong>
Ilizcn, where twenty-five villages are congregated on a mountain which
affords a plentiful supply <strong>of</strong> material for their work. Other districts
have, however, their peculiar wares, some <strong>of</strong> which are undoubtedly <strong>of</strong>
great antiquity.
The <strong>marks</strong> used in Japan are usually the name <strong>of</strong> the factory or <strong>of</strong>
the maker or decorator ;
sometimes all are given.
DATES
are marked in the same fashion as the Chinese, sometimas the year <strong>of</strong> the
period
is written :
1580 -u -ju. '_ Y 1653
As a rule it may be assumed that when an article is marked Dai
Nipon it is a modern production.
work made after Chinese patterns.
Chinese periods are to be found on

Oriental. 217

218 Pottery and Porcelain.
lH IE
1*1
'13
w
Kwam-bun

tB ^.
Oriental. 219
Asahi, Uji, established 1644-47.
Asa-hi, Morning light, so named from
Min-pci.
colour <strong>of</strong> the ware ... ... imp
Avvaji, established about 1840 by Ka-sliiu Min-pci.
Nipon
Ka-shiu
San-pci
Awata, see Kioto.
(Made by) Kashiu Sanpei in
Awaji, Japan.
AWATA.
Banko Kichibei, established by, 1652-60 at Koume-mu-
ra, near Tokio, known as Yedo Banko, now closed, imp
Ise Banko.
Nipon Bartlo.
Shiba-ta \ Made by Shibata Banko,
tsukuru J Japan
DanTco.
... imp
Articles known as Banko ware arc now made at
Kmvana, Yokka-ichi, and neighbourhood.

220 Pottery and Porcelain.
F* m
fe t?o
i
Nipon
Yiu sctsu
Shi-gen, name
\Noteasy
Nai yasui J Difficult.
...
imp
Banko, The eminent <strong>of</strong> flowers ... inc
Go-so, name ... ... ... imp
Bizen, supposed date, B.C. 97-30.
At Imbe-mura a kiln has been worked since 1390.
llo-kci sci, Made by Rokei, modern mark.
Fujina, commonly called Idsumo ware.
Fujina, Matsuye.
Un-yei, name.

Oriental. 221
Hirato, Mikawaji, Hizen, established 1655-57.
The ware was made for the use <strong>of</strong> a prince <strong>of</strong> the
Matsu-ura family, not for sale.
Ilirato, Mikawaji,
Hirato Shi-aye tsukuru, Shiaye maker.
Mikawaji.
Mori Cliikara tsUkuru.
Hirato.
may
tome yaJcu, The honourable close <strong>of</strong> burning.
The prince closed the factory ; the article so marked
have been the last fired.
Hizen.
A large number <strong>of</strong> kilns have been worked in
this province, but only those so marked are named here.
Ilezen Arita Ka-mi. Arita is an important town where
many noted kilns are situated. Kami, name.
Nisid Hczcn Arita yama, West Hezen.
Nan-di sci, Made by Nandi.

222 Pottery and Porcelain.
f * v^
%
;n
Shin-po tsuknrn, Made by Shinpo.
Reki-san tsukuru, Made by Rekisan.
Hizen.
Sara yama.
Fuka-gawa (sci omitted), Made by ( Yeizayemon} Fukagawa
at Arita.
Fukami (Suminosukt}.
Fukami, Arita ; also C_j_ Fuka with Hczen and Great
Japan.
Eishu Arita.
^~
Ten-tai tsukuru, Made by Tentai.

**
JEW
^/MflE
Z6-shun tci.
Oriental. 223
Sam-po sci, Made by Sampo at the Zoshun
(inclosure <strong>of</strong> Spring) Hall.
Z6-shun tci.
Sai-chi tsukuru, Made by Saichi.
Arita ware is also known as Imari.
Nichi Hizen.
FuJca-gcvwa sci, Made by Fukagawa <strong>of</strong>
Nichi Hizen. On Okawaji ware.
Imado, Tokio. Origin unknown
Go'Saburo, name.
mp
Kaga or Kutani ware, established about 17th century.
Kutani, The nine valleys ... ... p red
Kutani .. p gold

224 Pottery and Porcelain.
..*
'& H
~F
a/
ti/
Kutani tsukuTU t M.atle at Kutani
Kaga Kutani
, ,
Kaija
Kutani
tsukuTU
Dai Nipon, Great Japan.
Kutani sei, Made at Kutani
Kutani Bokuzan, name
Kutani, in centre the name To
decorator
Dai Nipon.
To zan no in, Seal <strong>of</strong> Tozan ...
Kaga
red
... p red
, . . p
black
Mack
... p blue
a
... p red

To-zan
Kiyo-zan, name
Pon-zan ,,
Diwo-zo
To-wo
Oriental. 225
Kutani sei, Made at Kutani.
Kaga, Na-Tcen. Kaga Long house
Dai Nipon Kutani, omitted.
UcTii-umi kichi-zo, name
pred
imp
p red
p black

Pottery and Porcelain.
Fw-zcwi, name, Yuzan Hall, KutanL
, happiness
Roku, riches
Ju, long life /
Are <strong>of</strong>ten found on Kaga ware.
Kioto. A potter entitled Nin-sei, 1644-51, erected
them were those still
kilns in various places ; amongst
working at Awata, Kinkozan, and Kiomidzu.
Nin-sei, Mark <strong>of</strong> Nonomura Ninsei about 1650 imp
Awata ware.
Nipon Kioto, Japan, Kioto.
Kin ko zan tsukuru, Made by Sobei Kinkozan p gold
Kin ko zan .
. . . imp

Ichi-gaya.
Oriental. 227
Tan-zan, Mark <strong>of</strong> Seikai Tanzan
Tanzan ...
imp
... p black
Iiva-kura-zan, Mark <strong>of</strong> I. Kichibeye ... imp
Ho zan, name

228 Pottery and Porcelain.
m A
04
Ken-zan t Mark <strong>of</strong> Ogata Shinsho, about
1730... ... ... ... p brown
Kiomidzu ware.
Sei lean ji, Name <strong>of</strong> village whence came
the maker.
Ddhctchi, name imp
(Takahashi D.) ... ... inc
Kan-zan, name, K. Denshichi...
Sei-fu, name ... ... p
With "Great Japan," "maker," etc.
Ki-tei, name, Wake Kitei.

Oriental. 229
Kishiu ware. Wakayama, an old-established kiln ;
wares greatly improved in 1827.
Kai-raku } ,.. , ,, ,
f Made at the garden <strong>of</strong>
yen-sai }
Shu-ka Do, Early flower Hall.
mingled enjoyment ... imp
Yeiraku ware, made at an old establishment by the
Zengoro family. Riyozen (the 10th generation) was the
first to make porcelain. The Prince <strong>of</strong> Kii honoured him
with the title Yeiraku, and presented him with the
seals used as <strong>marks</strong>.
^ The branch factory <strong>of</strong> the river. Seal
Yci-raku, Perpetual enjoyment.
Dai Nipon.
Yca-raJcu tsukivru.
Makuzu, near Kioto.
used by Yeiraku Riyozen about 1810.
Fu-ji yo, Made at the Fuji kiln <strong>of</strong> Makuzu.
Ma-kuzu tsukuru.

Pottery and Porcelain.
Makuzuyo ... ... ... p blue
Ko-zan tsukuru, Made by Kozan at the Makuzu kiln.
Minato ware, near Saki, Idsumi. Of great antiquity,
it is believed that Giyeji, the inventor <strong>of</strong> the potter's
wheel, was the first to work here.
Minato yaki, Minato ware ... ... imp
Mino ware. Worked in 17th century. Porcelain first
made in 1810.
Nipon Mi
Kaito
i\ Made by
vince <strong>of</strong>
the pro .
Raku ware, used in the tea ceremonies. Introduced
by a Corean named Ameya, 1658-69. He settled at
Kioto, and worked with clay found at Juraku. Taiko
Hideyoshi honoured the son <strong>of</strong> Ameya, Chojiro, with a
seal engraved RaTcu, enjoyment, since which it is called
Raku yaki, and marked with a seal so inscribed.
Sen-raku "\ Made at the Senraku garden. Seal
> used by Chojiro Kichizayemon <strong>of</strong>
yen sei ) the llth generation.

Oriental.
231
6hi Raku, Ohi-machi, Kaga. Founded 1680 by
Chozayemon.
OM, seal used by the fourth C.
Osaka Raku, made by Kikko, 187-.
Kitzu-ko or Kikko.
Tokio Raku, made by Kozawa Benshi, who is still
working.
Ni-pon, To-kio\
MoRaku-ho J
Ja P an
Sado ware. Made <strong>of</strong> a material found in the mines ;
the ware is scarce, and in Japan is valued both as a
curiosity and as having some medicinal quality. Small
portions are broken <strong>of</strong>f, crushed in the mouth and
swallowed for no special disorder, but simply as a good
thing to take.
Sado kin gin zan wo moltci mu-mci di kore wo tzukuru.
Made <strong>of</strong> an unnamed material found in the gold
and silver mines <strong>of</strong> Sado.

Sho ju
sen nen
Pottery and Porcelain.
Jo-zan, name.
May you live 1000 years.
All written on the s<strong>of</strong>t clay with a point.
Satsuma, established 1467-86. The Prince brought
potters from Corea about 1592, when the well-known
ware was first made. No mark is found on old ware.
Satsu-ma.
Naka-jima (sei), Made by N. ... ... p gold 187-
Seto, Owari, <strong>of</strong> great antiquity ;
Dai Ni-pon.
Se-to sei, Made at Seto, Great Japan.
Nipon, Seto. Japan, Seto.
date unknown.
Kawa moto, Masu-kichi tsuTcuru, Made by M. Kawamoto.

LU.
Oriental.
Dai Hi-pon, Great Japan ... ... p blue
Han-mTci sei, Made by Hansuke Kawamoto.
Nipon, Seto.
(?)
Sei-getsa, name <strong>of</strong> a celebrated painter <strong>of</strong> porcelain.
Ai-wo, name.
Sin-nan fude, name <strong>of</strong> decorator.
2 33

234 Pottery and Porcelain.
i
U4
I
i*
Yama-moto Sho-tan, Name <strong>of</strong> a celebrated painter <strong>of</strong>
porcelain.
Seto-Suke, Yokkaichi, established 1764-80.
Se-to-sukt, Name <strong>of</strong> factory.
Shiba.
Resident <strong>of</strong> SMba in ToJcei.
Sei-un-tei, Factory.
Hikomaro, name ... ... ... p black
Soma ware, Naga-mura. It is a popular belief in
Japan that this is the oldest ware made there, and the
possessors <strong>of</strong> specimens prize them highly. The running
horse with which they are decorated probably dates
from 1670.
So ma, name imp

iga, name
Tokio.
Dai Ni-pon.
Dio-to sei, Maker's name
Tokio.
Matsu-moto
yashi-nobo )
Oriental. 235
Name
Both <strong>marks</strong> on one piece.
Dio-to, Maker.
Kanc-shige
name
imp
.. p blue
.. p red
Toyo-ura ware, Nagato, established 1716-35.
Toyo-ura yama, Name <strong>of</strong> factory ... imp
Tozan ware, Himeji.
Hime-ji sei, Made at Himeji.

236 Pottery and Porcelain.
FLOWER.
Many varieties <strong>of</strong> this mark occur on porcelain both
old and <strong>of</strong> recent date.
LEAF.
And other varieties are <strong>of</strong>ten found on porcelain.
INSCRIPTIONS
Of a similar character to the Chinese are found on all
kinds <strong>of</strong> ware.
Dzou, long life.
So-wo, name
Kami sci, Kami, maker
RaTcu-masa tsukuru
,,
Huji-nori, name ...
maker.
... hp imp
... pblue
... pred
,, pblue

A P
Oriental. 237

238 Pottery and Porcelain.
To giyoku yen
Gosuki sei
Made by Gosuki at the jade n*. rr
pottery house, h p p blue / * ~*
The Chinese dates Seuen-tih and Ching-hica
are <strong>of</strong>ten found on Hezen ware decorated
with old Nankin patterns.
Kame yama
Zo no
Fuku-sJiun ken
GiyoTcu-sd sei
WR
Made in the Gen-ki years 1570-73.
The work <strong>of</strong> Kameyama.
_
Made by Giyokusei at Returning
Spring House.

Ki-to Teen
Hoku-han sei
Oriental. 239
Made by Hokuhan at the Curious
Pottery House.
SQUARE.
Called House Marks.
Haict, name <strong>of</strong> a factory ... ... hp p red
Yeh-san or
Itsi-yama j
Ka, felicity.
) mountain middle, name ,, p blue
Goa, strong, name
one mountain, name ..

240 Pottery and Porcelain.
M IIP
All on blue decorated ware called Hezen ; <strong>marks</strong> such
as these are found in great variety, they <strong>of</strong>ten differ
in a set <strong>of</strong> cups and saucers that are evidently from the
same hand.
Eoku, wealth.
Aoi, blue.
This appears to be "happiness."
So-wo, name.
Fuku, happiness.
VASE.
This curious mark is impressed and coloured ; it re-
presents a sacred vessel used in sacrificing and is inscribed
with the characters Fuku, happiness, and ju,
longevity.
^3259 4
o

i
.
-

BINDING SECT. JUN j 5
NK
215
Hooper, William Harcourt
A <strong>manual</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>marks</strong> on
H6 pottery and porcelain
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY