Serengeti General Management Plan

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Serengeti National Park General Management Plan In January 2005, TANAPA hosted a workshop in SENAPA to discuss the management of the metapopulation of Black rhino in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem. At this meeting it was recommended that the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem Rhino Forum be established as a local management group responsible for the coordination of rhino conservation activities. The Forum will have representatives from all the main rhino stakeholders in the ecosystem, e.g. TANAPA, NCAA, WD, Grumeti Reserves, Narok and Transmara County Councils, KWS, FZS and AWF. SENAPA management will play a central role in the establishment and running of this Forum, which will provide a focus for standardised and coordinated monitoring, security and future reintroduction of Black rhinos into SENAPA. The management actions designed to address these threats and seek the restoration of Black rhinos to the Serengeti are as follows: Action 1.4.1: Protect existing rhino populations from poaching threats In order to effectively protect the Black rhino population at Moru, there is a need to enhance the resources and manpower available for anti-poaching efforts. This management action will be implemented together with the Resource Protection Department in an effort to reduce poaching success and secure new habitats for the future planned re-introduction of Black rhinos (see Action 1.1.1 of Park Operations Programme). Action 1.4.2: Minimise tourism disturbance to Black rhinos This management action will ensure that visitor access is adequately controlled in the rhino area, especially to the core area away from game viewing trails, where tourist vehicles have been observed driving off-road. The first approach adopted will be to educate tour drivers and visitors against behaviours that negatively impact on Black rhino, through the development and dissemination of the Serengeti Code of Conduct outlined under Target 1.1 of the Tourism Programme. The enforcement of this management action will be done in collaboration with the SENAPA Resource Protection Department. Action 1.4.3: Design and implement a scheme for the re-introduction of Black rhinos to SENAPA With such a low population size there is a risk of random extinction from the Serengeti (the Extinction Vortex). For example, the predation of rhino calves by hyenas could be sufficient to wipe out the entire SENAPA population. The building up of a viable SENAPA rhino population, through a re-introduction programme to suitable and secure areas of the Serengeti, will be the focus of this management action; provided that this strategy is in line with TANAPA HQ policy. This management action will build on previous recommendations and knowledge, gather genetic information relating to the existing populations, and determine and prioritise suitable key areas for new Black rhino sub populations. Once these have been determined it will be possible to supplement the existing populations and establish new sub populations at identified sites. Target 1.5: Restoration of viable populations of Wild dogs Although Wild dogs are present in the Serengeti ecosystem, there are no longer any individuals within SENAPA itself. The identified threats that have led to this situation result from disease, human-Wild dog conflict and competition with other predators, as identified in the 38
C. Ecosystem Management Programme box below. Human-Wild dog conflicts include shooting and poisoning, especially around the Gol Mountains. Threats to Wild dogs Threat Level Response Disease High Action 1.5.2 Human-Wild dog conflict Medium Action 1.5.1 Unviable population size Medium Action 1.5.1 & 3 Inbreeding Medium Action 1.5.1 & 3 Competition with predators Medium Action 1.5.1 The management actions designed to address these threats and enhance the conservation status of the Wild dogs are as follows: Action 1.5.1: Collaborate with TAWIRI, NCAA, communities and others to understand the status of Wild dogs in the entire ecosystem At present there is no clear understanding of the present distribution of Wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem. The first step before moving forward with any re-introduction of Wild dogs to SENAPA is to obtain a clear understanding of Wild dog status in the ecosystem and the reasons for their absence within SENAPA. Action 1.5.2: Support efforts to reduce threats to the natural re-introduction of Wild dogs to SENAPA Wild dogs range widely, and often come into contact with human activity. Over half the Wild dogs found dead in Africa have been shot, snared, poisoned, killed by road traffic or infected with diseases by domestic dogs outside protected areas (Woodroffe et al, 1997). This management action will primarily build on existing activities to reduce the threat of disease from surrounding domestic dog populations. This will be achieved through the control of rabies and canine distemper in domestic dogs. Based on the findings of Action 1.5.1, this management action may be expanded to reduce threats to the potential natural re-introduction of Wild dogs to SENAPA from human-Wild dog conflicts, such as poisoning and snaring. These activities will be done in collaboration with the Outreach Department’s human-wildlife conflict mitigation activities (see Community Outreach Programme Action 1.2.3). Action 1.5.3: Explore the potential and practicalities for the re-introduction of Wild dogs into SENAPA Depending on the recommendations of Action 1.5.1, SENAPA management will seek endorsement from TANAPA HQ for establishing a re-introduction programme for Wild dogs. Provided that this endorsement is obtained, the major activities will include a feasibility study of the possibility for Wild dog re-introductions within SENAPA; including understanding the threat from predator competition and the minimum number of Wild dogs required for a successful re-introduction. The feasibility study will also require the identification of possible populations that can serve as source populations for re-introductions, especially populations that are currently under threat. 39
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Serengeti National Park General Man
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F. PARK OPERATIONS PROGRAMME 93
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Staff motivation F. Park Operations
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Management Targets 1.4 Viable popul
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Management Targets 1.3 Conservation
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Management Targets 3.3 Environmenta
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I. ANNEXES 161
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I. Annexes The United Republic of T
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Annex 3: Overnight accommodation de
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