Serengeti General Management Plan

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Serengeti National Park General Management Plan types of products that are marketable, and in how markets might be accessed. SENAPA and TANAPA will help to bridge this gap and to identify further opportunities for small-scale, conservation friendly income-generating activities that can be developed by community self-help groups. In addition, SENAPA will facilitate, or where possible provide support in building the necessary skills in the local communities; for example, in entrepreneurial skills and the facilitation of community savings and loan schemes, training in livestock production and health, or the provision of alternative protein sources. Finally the success of these income-generating activities will be assessed to see whether there is an improvement of human livelihoods, attitudes to the Park, or a concomitant reduction of illegal bushmeat hunting. Action 1.2.3: Assist communities in mitigating human-wildlife conflicts Over recent years, with the increase in human populations, an increasingly ‘hard-edge’ to sections of the Park boundary, the recovery of elephant populations from the poaching pressure of the 1980’s and improved security within the Park, instances of human-wildlife conflict have apparently been growing. Crop raiding by elephants and other herbivores, such as baboons, are a considerable problem at certain times of the year to the west of the Park, whereas to the east livestock predation is becoming common. In a few cases, human lives have been lost. In all these cases, communities frequently appeal to SENAPA to come to their assistance. In response SENAPA rangers and drivers have frequently directly provided assistance to villagers in frightening off elephants from crops. More recently, an investigation into the scale of human-elephant conflict has been conducted and a pilot project to assess the scale of elephant damage to crops and to test alternative mitigation techniques has been instigated by TAWIRI. Human-wildlife conflicts are clearly a multifaceted problem, with many stakeholders involved in finding solutions. Nonetheless, SENAPA clearly must collaborate with all parties to reduce these conflicts that can so rapidly sour park-community relations. As a first step to mitigation of human-wildlife conflict, accurate records of incidents will be established. This will involve standardising recording protocols that must be carefully followed. With a baseline of conflicts established, alternative mitigation techniques will be tested and the best “package of methods” established. With this information communities will be empowered to implement the chosen techniques, with assistance from outside stakeholders where necessary. In specific situations where there is no other solution to particular problem animal, the Protection or Veterinary Departments may need to be involved in euthanasia. Action 1.2.4: Promote the employment of local people by park stakeholders Although by equal opportunities law TANAPA is obliged to advertise professional posts widely and are thus constrained when appointing people locally, there are a number of opportunities each year that SENAPA will advertise locally for unskilled workers. Also SENAPA will ensure, when opportunities arise, that local communities are aware of vacancies. In addition, private stakeholders in the area are not so strictly bound by government regulations and have more flexibility in employing and training local community members. For example, some community based tourism initiatives employ a quota of local people. SENAPA Outreach Department will help to facilitate and liaise with tour operators and other stakeholders to find ways of promoting local employment in or around the park. 86
E. Community Outreach Programme Target 1.3: Conservation education programme improved and expanded to be more accessible and relevant to local needs Education has been a core part of Community Outreach activities since extension programmes were initiated over a decade ago. The department currently carries out conservation education in neighbouring villages, which involves showing conservation films to both school and adult audiences, providing teacher support as well as supporting and helping to promote environmental and socially beneficial projects, such as tree-planting and improved fuel stove technology projects. However, this education programme needs to be reinvigorated and expanded through the provision of up-to-date equipment and materials and increased capacity. In order to meet this management target, the following management actions have been formulated: Action 1.3.1: Improve the scope and content of education materials Desktop publishing facilities, which were available within SENAPA in the 1990’s, are no longer functional and this management action will re-establish these facilities through acquiring the necessary equipment and providing user training. This will enable local newsletters and educational materials to be written, published in-house and disseminated. Where possible this management action will source new materials, both written or filmed, from relevant conservation and development organisations and, where appropriate, write new or adapt existing materials. Videos are a key educational media used by the Outreach Department; however, in recent years it has not been possible to show films due to non-functioning equipment. This management action will re-establish the ability of the department to show films, through the provision of a functioning vehicle and up-to-date audiovisual equipment (e.g. a DVD/ video/ computer projector and screen, with a generator to provide power). Action 1.3.2: Scale-up education programme to all park-adjacent districts The educational activities have generally been carried out only in selected villages and districts, but there is scope to extend these activities to all the districts around the Park; tailored to local cultural and social situations. However, given the large number of villages surrounding the Park and the limited human and other resources of the Outreach Department, providing sufficient outreach educational services is a substantial challenge. This management action will develop new strategies to increase the amount of outreach occurring in the villages by making it as cost-effective as possible. This will free up extra resources to gradually expand the education activities to other prioritised areas. Action 1.3.3: Expand the scope of environmental education activities in selected areas In recent years, the SENAPA Outreach Department has supported the formation and revival of environmental conservation groups in some villages, or supported indigenous groups. These groups only occur in a limited number of villages around SENAPA and thus there is great potential to increase their number. Seedlings have been provided for community members as part of the greening campaign, which has proved a partial success. This management action will scale-up the provision of seedlings and work to ensure greater success rates. The Outreach Department will also develop a demonstration plot in the next three years to test the success of indigenous species of both trees and flowers. With invasive and exotic 87
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Serengeti National Park General Man
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Executive Summary This 10-year (200
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1. Ecosystem Management Programme T
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SENAPA Zoning Scheme B. Park Values
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Management Targets Management Actio
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Management Targets 3.3 Environmenta
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I. ANNEXES 161
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I. Annexes The United Republic of T
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Annex 3: Overnight accommodation de
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Name Position/ Organisation Les Car
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