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— both elements. f1086
(7.) Instead of Patrick believing in transubstantiation, Dr. Catchcart says:
“In all the descriptions of the Eucharist quoted there is no evidence that it is
the God of glory in every particle of its consecrated bread and wine.” f1087
(8.) In the later or Romish meaning of the term, there is no indication of
Monastacism in Patrick’s writing or in the history of the first Irish church.
“Monastacism, in the proper sense of the word, cannot be traced beyond the
fourth century.” f1088 Catchcart:
“It is difficult to fix the date when the first monastery was established in
Ireland. It is certain that Patrick was long in his grave before it took place. …
Bangor, in Ireland, was founded by Comgall. Bingham states that it was about
A.D. 520, and this date is apparently the true one. He informs us that it was
the most ancient monastery in Ireland, as the famous monastery of Bangor
was the oldest in Britain. f1089
“The monks are frequently termed ‘the philosophers’ and the monastery their
‘school of thought.’” f1090
“The monastery was often a nursery or training college for the clergy. … The
illiterate clergy looks naturally to the nearest monastery for help in the
composition of sermons.” f1091
Neander says:
“The Irish monasteries were still the seats of science and art, whence, for a
long time afterwards … teachers in the sciences and useful arts scattered
them-selves in all directions. … In the Irish monasteries not only the Latin but
also the free spirited Greek fathers, the writings of an Origin were studied; so
it naturally came about that from that school issued a more original and free
development of theology than was elsewhere to be found, and was thence
propagated to other lands.” f1092
Catchcart says:
“Marriage probably existed, not in, but in connection with, most of the
British and Irish monasteries. We see no reason to doubt the statement of
Michelet, that ‘the Culdees of Ireland and Scotland permitted themselves
marriage, and were independent, even when living under the rule of their
order.’ But the mania that celibacy possessed soon spread over the world, and
many of St. Patrick’s religious, Bible-loving descendants were caught in its
delusive snare.” f1093
Guericke:
“From the Irish cloisters missionaries went out into various regions and
particularly to the Picts in Scotland.” f1094