Jesus Remembered: Christianity in the Making, vol. 1

§12.2 The Kingdom of God
lytes'). 71 This was often linked with the hope of the ingathering of the scattered
tribes of Israel (1); but factions within Second Temple Judaism also
included other Jews among the practitioners of evil to be defeated and
judged. 72
8. In some tension with the above sequence centred on the land of Israel (as in
Isa. 60.21) was the broadening out of the concept of inheriting the land
(promised to Abraham and his descendants) to embrace the whole earth. 73
9. In analysing the message of John the Baptist we have already noted the expectation
of a climactic period of tribulation, 'a time of anguish, such as
has never occurred since nations first came into existence' (Dan. 12.1-2),
of the transition to a new age likened to the 'birth-pangs' of a woman in labour.
74 Presumably that can be tied into the motif of the suffering and vindication
of the righteous present in Daniel 7 but also elsewhere. 75
10. Closely related are strands which seem to envisage cosmic disturbances, 16
even the destruction of creation, 77 and a new creation. 78
11. Of a piece with much of the above was the hope for a (final) destruction of
evil and defeat of Satan. 19
12. Also included was the theme of final judgment, 90 which developed to in-
71. Pss. 22.27-28; 86.9; Isa. 2.2-4 = Mic. 4.1-3; Isa. 45.20-23; 56.6-8; 66.19-20, 23; Jer.
3.17;Zeph. 3.9-10; Zech. 2.11-12; 8.20-23; 14.16-19; Tob. 13.11; 14.6-7; 1 En. 10.21; 90.30-
36; Sib. Or. 3.715-19. See further J. Jeremias, Jesus' Promise to the Nations (London: SCM,
1958) 56-62; T. L. Donaldson, 'Proselytes or "Righteous Gentiles"? The Status of Gentiles in
Eschatological Pilgrimage Patterns of Thought', JSP 7 (1990) 3-27.
72. See above, §9.4.
73. Sir. 44.21; Jub. 22.14; 32.19; 1 En. 5.7; Rom. 4.13. See also n. 17 above.
74. See above, § 11.4c. See further particularly D. C. Allison, The End of the Ages Has
Come: An Early Interpretation of the Passion and Resurrection of Jesus (Philadelphia: Fortress,
1985) 5-25.
75. See below, chapter 17 n. 180.
76. Isa. 13.9-10, 13; 24.23; Jer. 4.23; Ezek. 32.7-8; Joel 2.10, 30-31; 3.15; Amos 8.9;
Zeph. 1.15; Hag. 2.6, 21; 1 En. 80.4; 1QH 11(= 3).35-36; T. Mos. 10.4-6; Sib. Or. 3.675-84.
77. Ps. 102.25-26; Isa. 34.4; 51.6; Zeph. 1.18; 3.8; Jub. 23.18; 1 En. 10.2; 83; 91.16;
1QH 11[= 3].29-36; Sib. Or. 2.196-213; 3.80-92.
78. Isa. 65.17; 66.22; Jub. 1.29; 4.26; / En. 72.1; 91.16-17; 1QS 4.25. See further Russell,
Method 280-82.
79. Isa. 24.21-22; Jub. 5.6; 10.7-11; 23.29; 1 En. 10.4,11-13; 13.1-2; 14.5; 18.16; 21.3-
6; 69.28; 90.23; 91.16; 2 En. 7.1-2; T. Mos. 10.1; T. Levi 18.12; T. Zeb. 9.8; T. Dan 5.10-11;
Jude 6; Rev. 20.2-3.
80. Isa. 66.15-16; Dan. 7.10; Zeph. 3.8; Mai. 4.1; Wis. 3.7, 18; 4.18-19; 5.17-23; Jub.
5.10-16; I En. 1.7, 9; 10.13-14; 22.4, 11; 90.20-27; 91.7, 9, 14-15; 1QS 4.11-14; 5.12-13; 1QH
12(=4).2O, 26-27; CD 7.9/19.6; 8.1-3/19.13-16; lQpHab 12.14; 13.2-3; Pss. Sol. 14.9; 15.10,
12; 4 Ezra 7.33-43; see also the motif of the day of the Lord as a 'day of anger' (chapter 11
n. 116 above). The most thorough recent study is that of Reiser, Jesus and Judgment Part One
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