functional medicine and nutritional genomics - American Association ...
functional medicine and nutritional genomics - American Association ...
functional medicine and nutritional genomics - American Association ...
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AAPI’S NUTRITION GUIDE TO OPTIMAL HEALTH: USING PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE AND NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS<br />
• Nutritional Genomics concerns the effect<br />
that changes in our genes have on our<br />
risk of disease <strong>and</strong> dysfunction that can<br />
be mitigated by <strong>nutritional</strong> intervention as<br />
well as the impact our food, nutrition,<br />
stress, <strong>and</strong> toxins have on the expression<br />
of our genes. It is the umbrella term that<br />
includes nutrigenetics, nutri<strong>genomics</strong>, <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>nutritional</strong> epi<strong>genomics</strong>. However, the term<br />
is broadening to mean <strong>nutritional</strong> systems<br />
biology which includes all of the ‚omics‛<br />
technologies; proteomics, transcriptomics,<br />
metabolomics, etc.<br />
• Nutrigenetics is focused on the impact that<br />
changes in our genes (also referred to as<br />
polymorphisms) have on our potential<br />
health trajectory, which is strongly<br />
influenced by food, nutrition, stress, <strong>and</strong><br />
toxins.<br />
• Nutri<strong>genomics</strong> is focused on the impact of<br />
diet <strong>and</strong> lifestyle factors, such as food,<br />
nutrition, stress, <strong>and</strong> toxins, on gene<br />
expression <strong>and</strong> the resulting effects on the<br />
human system that can be measured<br />
scientifically.<br />
• Nutritional Epi<strong>genomics</strong> concerns changes<br />
in gene expression influenced by<br />
modifications to DNA <strong>and</strong> its associated<br />
proteins without changing the nucleotide<br />
sequence of DNA, where the genetic<br />
information is stored. These epi<strong>genomics</strong><br />
changes affect gene expression <strong>and</strong> can<br />
also be inherited.<br />
• Allele – An alternate form of a gene.<br />
• Phenotype – The physical, biochemical,<br />
<strong>and</strong> physiological characteristics determined<br />
by genotype <strong>and</strong> environment.<br />
• Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) -<br />
The occurrence together in a population of<br />
two or more genetically determined<br />
alternative phenotypes, each with<br />
appreciable frequency (each occurs in<br />
>1% of the population).<br />
24<br />
• Homozygous – Two copies of the same<br />
nucleotide; CLOCK 3111 TT.<br />
• Heterozygous – One copy of each<br />
nucleotide; CLOCK 3111 CT.<br />
• Plasticity - The adaptability of an<br />
organism to changes in its environment or<br />
differences between its various habitats.<br />
2012