functional medicine and nutritional genomics - American Association ...
functional medicine and nutritional genomics - American Association ...
functional medicine and nutritional genomics - American Association ...
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AAPI’S NUTRITION GUIDE TO OPTIMAL HEALTH: USING PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE AND NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS<br />
1<br />
Introduction to<br />
Functional<br />
Medicine<br />
David S. Jones, MD<br />
<strong>and</strong> Sheila Quinn<br />
The need for a new approach to chronic disease<br />
comes from myriad sources, all converging on the<br />
same idea. Over the last century, there has been<br />
a dramatic shift in prevalence from acute to<br />
chronic diseases. By 2020, worldwide deaths from<br />
chronic disease are projected to total more than<br />
twice the number of deaths from infectious disease<br />
(50 million vs. 20 million). It is estimated, for<br />
example, that more than half of all <strong>American</strong>s<br />
suffer from one or more chronic diseases, 1<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
that the 8 million Medicare beneficiaries who have<br />
five or more chronic conditions accounted for over<br />
two-thirds of the program's $302 billion in<br />
spending in 2004. 2 The U.S. spends twice the<br />
median per-capita costs calculated by the<br />
Organization for Economic Cooperation <strong>and</strong><br />
Development (OECD), 3 but has extraordinarily<br />
poor outcomes for such a massive investment. 4<br />
The $1.3 trillion estimated to be the cost of<br />
chronic disease in the U.S. today is projected to<br />
grow to $4.2 trillion within 15 years, 5<br />
making the<br />
cost of care using the current model economically<br />
unsustainable.<br />
Given the prevailing evidence, there can be little<br />
doubt that 21 st century health care dem<strong>and</strong>s a<br />
6<br />
different approach than the acute-care, specialistdriven<br />
model that emerged during the 20 th<br />
century.<br />
Chronic<br />
stress<br />
Sedentary<br />
lifestyles<br />
(young <strong>and</strong><br />
old)<br />
Poverty<br />
Uninsured<br />
Nutrition<br />
(food<br />
supply,<br />
dietary<br />
habits)<br />
Chronic<br />
disease<br />
epidemic<br />
Aging<br />
population<br />
Environmental<br />
toxicity<br />
Fragmented<br />
families,<br />
communities<br />
Indoor<br />
living<br />
(�vit D)<br />
During the last 100 years, such significant<br />
advances have been made in conquering or<br />
controlling scourges such as tuberculosis <strong>and</strong><br />
pneumonia, <strong>and</strong> in the treatment of trauma, that<br />
life expectancy <strong>and</strong> quality of life have both<br />
increased dramatically. Unfortunately, over the last<br />
2012<br />
Figure 1. Major Influences Contributing to the Epidemic of<br />
Chronic Disease