functional medicine and nutritional genomics - American Association ...
functional medicine and nutritional genomics - American Association ...
functional medicine and nutritional genomics - American Association ...
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AAPI’S NUTRITION GUIDE TO OPTIMAL HEALTH: USING PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE AND NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS<br />
11<br />
Probiotics In<br />
Gastrointestinal<br />
Disease<br />
Gerard E. Mullin,<br />
MD<br />
What are Probiotics?<br />
Probiotics are ‚live microbial feed supplements<br />
that beneficially affect the host animal by<br />
improving its intestinal microbial balance.‛ 1<br />
There are numerous organisms that meet the<br />
criteria established by the WHO in order to be<br />
classified as a probiotic.<br />
Clinical Applications of Probiotics in Digestive<br />
Disease<br />
In IBS, the most commonly utilized <strong>and</strong> studied<br />
probiotic species are Lactobacillus,<br />
Bifidobacteria, <strong>and</strong> Saccharomyces boulardii. 2-4<br />
The results of r<strong>and</strong>omized, controlled clinical<br />
trials using probiotics to treat IBS symptoms<br />
are shown in Table 3. Bifidobacterium infantis<br />
35624 (B. infantis) has been shown to be<br />
associated with improvement in IBS symptoms<br />
except stool frequency <strong>and</strong> consistency.<br />
5, 6<br />
Lactobacillus GG was shown in one study to<br />
be more likely to have treatment success <strong>and</strong><br />
reduced frequency of pain compared to<br />
placebo. 7<br />
A probiotic mixture containing<br />
103<br />
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus<br />
LC705,<br />
Bifidobacterium breve Bb99, Propionibacterium<br />
freudenreichii ssp, <strong>and</strong> shermanii JS was<br />
shown to be associated with improvement in<br />
IBS total symptom scores. 8, 9 VSL#3 was<br />
shown to be superior to placebo for improving<br />
bloating, flatulence in patients with IBS. 10<br />
Fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium<br />
animalis, S. thermophilus <strong>and</strong> L. bulgaricus<br />
when compared to placebo was found superior<br />
for improving symptoms in patients with<br />
constipation-predominant IBS patients. 11<br />
multispecies probiotic formulation used in a<br />
smaller study again showed improvement in<br />
composite IBS scores, specifically abdominal<br />
distension <strong>and</strong> pain, compared to placebo. 12<br />
VSL#3 was shown to be significantly superior<br />
to placebo in the pediatric population. 13<br />
Traveler’s Diarrhea<br />
Traveler's diarrhea is a condition that disrupts<br />
work <strong>and</strong> vacation <strong>and</strong> affects many individuals<br />
traveling from developed countries to developing<br />
countries. The most common causative bacterial<br />
A<br />
2012