APOTELESMATICA 2. (1) 14–140: SOURCES AND MODELS*

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84 Maria Ypsilanti Manetho also seems to have in mind Schol. on Aratus 26, where the scholiast remarks that Aratus is using Oceanus to indicate the horizon and proceeds by saying that it kÊklƒ m¢n går tØn kayÉ ≤mçw per¤keitai ofikoum°nhn, §j aÈtoË d¢ ka‹ efiw aÈtÚn a· te dÊseiw ka‹ éntola‹ g¤gnontai. Apot. 2. (1) 112–3 is a poetical elaboration of this description, with line 113 clarifying the statement about the sun-risings and settings. The description of the Meridian and the Horizon by Pseudo- Manetho deserves a particular attention in regard to other points as well. It is interesting to notice that the author presents them as “unmoved and steady” (l. 107). Manilius says that these two circles “have wings”; 36 this notion is due to the fact that the Horizon and the Meridian are not the same for every place of Earth, but change position according to the viewer’s standpoint. 37 However there is no contradiction here: the two circles are unmoved because they do not participate in the circular movement of the sphere, their position being irrelevant to the position of the constellations, and for this reason are not depicted on the globes. 38 Of special interest is Pseudo-Manetho’s statement that the two circles begin “from the top of the axis” (implication of the Northern pole, l. 44) and “cut each other up to the Southern pole” (l. 45). The Meridian does pass from the poles. 39 But what about the assertion that the Horizon trial night; also cf. Geminus 5.54 ır¤zvn d° §sti kÊklow ı dior¤zvn ≤m›n tÒ te fanerÚn ka‹ tÚ éfan¢w m°row toË kÒsmou ka‹ dixotom«n tØn ˜lhn sfa›ran toË kÒsmou, Àste ≤misfa¤rion m¢n Íp¢r g∞w épolambãnesyai, ≤misfa¤rion d¢ ÍpÚ g∞n. Hyginus (4.3,3) mentions the Aratean passage (ll. 61 f.) in his discussion about the equator, which implies that he regards the Horizon as coinciding with the equator. This view, i. e. that the poets’ Ocean lies between the tropics, is criticised by Geminus, 16.22 ff., see G. Aujac, Géminus, Introduction aux phénomènes (Paris 1975) ad loc. 36) Hos volucris fecere duos, 1.633. 37) Cf. Man. 1.637 ff., 661 f.; also Geminus 5.58 oÈ katå pçsan d¢ x≈ran ka‹ pÒlin ı aÈtÒw §stin ır¤zvn, id. 5.66 oÈ katå pçsan d¢ x≈ran ka‹ pÒlin ı aÈtÒw §sti meshmbrinÒw. 38) Cf. Gem. 5.62 oÈ katagrãfetai d¢ ı ır¤zvn §n ta›w sfa¤raiw diÉ afit¤an toiaÊthn, ˜ti ofl m¢n loipo‹ kÊkloi pãntew ferom°nou toË kÒsmou épÉ énatol∞w §p‹ tØn dÊsin sumperistr°fontai ka‹ aÈto‹ ëma tª toË kÒsmou kinÆsei, ı d¢ ır¤zvn §st‹ fÊsei ék¤nhtow tØn aÈtØn tãjin diafulãttvn diå pantÒw, 5.65 (the Meridian) ka‹ oappletow d° §stin ı kÊklow ék¤nhtow §n t“ kÒsmƒ ka‹ tØn aÈtØn tãjin diafulãssvn §n ˜l˙ tª toË kÒsmou peristrofª. OÈ katagrãfetai d¢ oÈd¢ oappletow ı kÊklow §n ta›w kathsthrizom°naiw sfa¤raiw diå tÚ ka‹ ék¤nhtow e‰nai ka‹ mhdem¤an §pid°xesyai metãptvsin. See also Aujac (1993, La Sphéropéé) 166 f. 39) Cf. for instance Gem. 5.64 MeshmbrinÚw d° §sti kÊklow ı diå t«n toË kÒsmou pÒlvn ka‹ toË katå korufØn shme¤ou grafÒmenow kÊklow.
Apotelesmatica 2. (1) 14–140: Sources and Models also starts from the top of the axis and reaches the Southern pole? This can be explained by the recognition that the Horizon, that is the sum of all the possible horizons of the globe, does pass from the poles in principle (and by contrast to the five parallel circles which, cut vertically by the axis, do not), as it depends from the position of the viewer: for the inhabitants of either pole it coincides with the Equator, while for the inhabitants of the Equator it passes from the poles. 40 For the Zodiac Aratus uses the term zvÛd¤vn . . . kÊklon (544), while Pseudo-Manetho prefers the term ZvdiakÒw, used by Eucleides, Hipparchus, later Nonnus. 41 The author of the Apotelesmatica, who presents the twelve signs with a brief introduction, does not model his description of the Zodiac (2. [1] 129–40) on Aratus’ relevant passage (537–49) in which the introduction is lengthier, provides a detailed account of the size of the circle and the relevant position of constellations on it and, by contrast to Pseudo-Manetho, presents very briefly the twelve signs. It is noteworthy that the Maiden in the description of the Zodiac in the Apotelesmatica is holding the Spica in “her hands” (l. 134); 42 the author here seems trying to avoid the controversy on the subject. Aratus is referring to one hand with no further definition, while most authors refer to the left hand, with the exception of Hyginus 3.24 who speaks of the right hand. 43 Pseudo-Manetho explains also the change of the name of Xhla¤ to ZugÒw (136 ff.), as caused by the resemblance of the constellation to the scales of a balance. Schol. on Arat. 89 as well as 40) Cf. for instance Gem. 5.34–36. Strabo attests that for the Cinnamon-producing country, being in the middle of the distance between summer tropic and Equator, the arctic circle touches the Horizon (2.5,35). This happens even in more northern regions, cf. Achilles’ comment on Aratus, 35 (p. 71 Maass) ≤ d¢ katå tå FainÒmena ÉArãtou t∞w sfa¤raw y°siw Ùfe¤lei xein tÚn érktikÚn kÊklon toË ır¤zontow §faptÒmenon. Needless to say, the Meridian and the Horizon described thus should not be confused with the two colures, which also pass through the poles, cf. Eud. fr. 76,5 ff. per‹ går t«n koloÊrvn legom°nvn kÊklvn, o„ grãfontai diã te t«n pÒlvn ka‹ diå t«n tropik«n ka‹ fishmerin«n shme¤vn, ktl. 41) Euc. Phaen. 6, Hipp. 1.6,4, Nonnus D. 6.68, see further Kidd on Arat. 544. 42) Kidd wrongly cites Pseudo-Manetho’s passage as stãxuaw §n xeir‹ f°rousa. 43) Germanicus (96 f.), following Hipparchus (2.5,12), mentions the left hand, see le Bœuffle (1975) 7; also Geminus 3.6,1, Schol. on Arat. 97. For the Spica of the Virgin see Kidd on Arat. 97. Aratus’ version, among other mythological accounts about the Maiden of Antiquity, is recorded in Hyginus 2.25. 85
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APOTELESMATICA 2. (1) 14–140: SOURCES AND MODELS*

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