UltrasoUnd Physics & instrUmentation - Pegasus Lectures
UltrasoUnd Physics & instrUmentation - Pegasus Lectures
UltrasoUnd Physics & instrUmentation - Pegasus Lectures
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10.1 Internal TGC Profiles .................................................................................................................326<br />
10.2 Internal Color TGC Profiles ......................................................................................................327<br />
10.3 “Pre-compensated” TGC Profiles ..............................................................................................327<br />
10.4 TGCs and Imaging Scenarios ....................................................................................................328<br />
11. Analog to Digital Conversion .............................................................................................................331<br />
11.1 Front End and Back End of an Ultrasound System ...................................................................331<br />
11.2 Role of the Beamformer ............................................................................................................331<br />
11.3 Analog Received Signal and Digital Output to Back End.........................................................331<br />
11.4 The Motivation for Converting from Analog to Digital ...........................................................332<br />
12. Scan Conversion ..................................................................................................................................332<br />
12.1 Paradigm Shift: From A-mode to B-mode ................................................................................332<br />
12.2 Creating a B-mode From an A-mode ........................................................................................333<br />
12.3 The Role of the Scan Converter ................................................................................................335<br />
12.4 Polar Scan Conversion and Lateral Distortion ..........................................................................335<br />
12.5 Inconsistent Terminology in the Field .......................................................................................336<br />
13. Preprocessing and Post Processing Revisited .....................................................................................336<br />
13.1 Understanding the Difference ....................................................................................................336<br />
14. Compression ........................................................................................................................................337<br />
14.1 Compression: A Multi-Stage Process ........................................................................................337<br />
14.2 Dynamic Range of 2-D Echoes .................................................................................................337<br />
14.3 Dynamic Range of the Human Eye ...........................................................................................338<br />
14.4 Why the System Allows for Compression in the Back End of the System ...............................339<br />
14.5 Compression Controls on the System ........................................................................................340<br />
14.6 Using Compression Controls Correctly .....................................................................................342<br />
15. Tissue Colorization ..............................................................................................................................343<br />
16. Measurements ....................................................................................................................................344<br />
16.1 Area Measurements ...................................................................................................................344<br />
16.1.1 Tracing an Area ............................................................................................................344<br />
16.1.2 Calculated From the Radius .........................................................................................345<br />
17. Video Display and Monitors ................................................................................................................346<br />
17.1 CRT ............................................................................................................................................346<br />
17.2 Monitor Formats and “Standards” .............................................................................................346<br />
17.2.1 NTSC (United States) Format ......................................................................................347<br />
17.2.2 PAL ..............................................................................................................................347<br />
17.2.3 SECAM ........................................................................................................................347<br />
17.3 Why the Monitor Frame Rate Matters .......................................................................................348<br />
17.4 Non-Interlaced Monitors ...........................................................................................................348<br />
17.5 Subdividing Horizontal Lines into Pixels ..................................................................................349<br />
17.5.1 Pixels and Brightness Levels .......................................................................................349<br />
17.6 Relating Brightness Levels to Binary ........................................................................................350<br />
17.7 Brightness Levels and Ambient Light .......................................................................................351<br />
18. Data Storage Devices (External) .........................................................................................................352<br />
18.1 Disadvantages of Analog Storage Devices ................................................................................352<br />
18.2 VHS and SVHS (VCR) .............................................................................................................353<br />
18.3 Disadvantages of Digital Storage Devices ................................................................................353<br />
18.3.1 Digital Storage Advantages .........................................................................................353<br />
18.3.2 Digital Storage Disadvantages .....................................................................................353<br />
19. Data Storage (Internal) ........................................................................................................................353<br />
19.1 Cine (Cineloop) Review ............................................................................................................353<br />
<strong>Pegasus</strong> <strong>Lectures</strong>, Inc.<br />
xxiii<br />
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