Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2 9 for z/OS - IBM Redbooks

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12.8 Aggregates 4. The dimension tables are checked to see whether the combination of SID values that correspond to the attribute values from the PSA record exist in the dimension tables. For example, the product dimension table is checked to see if the SID combination 2/2 exists, which corresponds to the attribute combination Aircraft A/Airplanes. If the SID combination exists, the corresponding dimension identifier is retrieved. If the SID combination does not exist, it is inserted in the dimension table and a corresponding dimension identifier is generated. 5. After the dimension identifiers that correspond to the given attribute values are retrieved/generated, a new record is inserted into the E- fact table. It contains the key figures from the PSA record and the corresponding dimension identifiers. Aggregates represent another technique for improving query performance. They are materialized, summarized views of the data in an InfoCube, and store a subset of InfoCube data in a redundant form. When an appropriate aggregate for a query exists, the summarized data can be read directly from the database during query execution instead of having to perform this summarization during runtime. In SAP BI, the system generates suggestions for creating optimal aggregates. The system administrator can then decide whether to create those aggregates. Aggregates reduce the volume of data to be read from the database, speed up query execution time, and reduce the overall load on the database. To use aggregates you must build and maintain them, and they require additional space in the database. Aggregates are very similar to the automatic summary tables defined in DB2. An easy way to conceptualize an aggregate is to think of it as providing a benefit similar to adding another index to a database table. Aggregates require no special knowledge by the user, and in fact are completely transparent to the user. The only way an user might recognize the existence of an aggregate is by the performance gain that is observed. 268 Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2 9 for z/OS
12.8.1 Aggregate example The contents of an example InfoCube are shown in Table 12-2. This, is an example of an aggregate and is based on a very simplified InfoCube that has the two characteristics country and customer, and the key figure sales. Table 12-2 Simplified InfoCube Country Customer Sales USA Blue Soft 10 Germany Ocean Networks 15 USA Funny Duds 5 Canada Ocean Networks 10 Canada Thor Industries 10 Germany Funny Duds 20 USA Blue Soft 25 Table 12-3 shows another sample aggregate that only contains the country characteristic, and the key figure, sales. Table 12-3 Aggregate: country Country Sales USA 40 Germany 35 Canada 20 These example aggregates could be used by a query that reports the sales by country or total sales. The aggregates could also be used for reports according to a navigation attribute for the characteristic country or according to a hierarchy containing the countries. If during query navigation there is a drilldown, or a selection is made for a particular customer, these aggregates would not be used. This is because the aggregates do not contain any detailed information about a particular customer, only summarized customer data. Chapter 12. Concepts, activities, and terminology 269
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Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2
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Note: Before using this information
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4.4 Extended sparse index and in-me
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11.3 SAP BI database and InfoCube l
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viii Best Practices for SAP BI usin
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Trademarks The following terms are
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The team that wrote this IBM Redboo
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Thanks to these authors from the Pr
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► Send your comments in an e-mail
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1.1 Product overview The business w
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In general, database administrators
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► Horizontal growth is achieved b
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8 Best Practices for SAP BI using D
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2.1 BI architecture Figure 2-1 show
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New term Old term Analysis authoriz
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negative values means missing stati
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- When calculating database statist
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If you specify a partitioning schem
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Important: Never partition a PSA ta
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Figure 2-10 DPSIs versus NPSIs Figu
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Finally, Figure 2-12 explains which
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Figure 2-14 shows how the snowflake
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► Realignment This refers to the
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3.1 Base recommendations - SAP BI i
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the F- fact table, the E- fact tabl
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34 Best Practices for SAP BI using
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4.1 Dynamic index ANDing for star s
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Figure 4-2 and Figure 4-3 on page 3
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4.2.1 Processing RUNSTATS for BI ta
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RUNSTATS will then be called over t
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DSNU610I -DB2T 081 16:36:03.85 DSNU
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Often the single-value based freque
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Several things worth noting are:
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The unit of a value specified to MX
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condition, generated by SAP BI upon
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There is a separate IBM Redbooks pu
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5.1 Load PSA In this section we dis
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5.1.1 Load PSA To load data into th
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After the source system, the DataSo
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Note the available tabs (registers)
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Figure 5-8 shows the provided optio
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Figure 5-10 shows the following:
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The PSA table name is created autom
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5.1.4 PSA partitioning Partitioning
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An InfoCube, whether data target or
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6.1 Types of InfoCubes Data targets
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After selecting at least one time d
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6.2.1 Repartitioning implementation
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You will then be presented with a w
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From within the monitor you are abl
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Once your repartitioning process is
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Figure 6-14 is displayed once you h
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When you remodel an InfoProvider yo
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Figure 6-17 demonstrates how you wo
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At this step of the process you are
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6.3.2 Benefits of remodeling InfoPr
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6.4.3 Cumulative data versus non-cu
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Important: After the initial compre
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► Use DPSIs for the cube’s E- f
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7.1 Differences between DataStore a
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Figure 7-1 shows the initial status
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4. By selecting the Create button,
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Partitioning and clustering are bot
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7.4.2 Choosing and changing the clu
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7.4.4 Partitioning a DataStore obje
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From the ABAP Dictionary: Utility f
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Figure 7-9 DB2/390 Storage Attribut
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partitioning was used. The CREATE T
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, "/BIC/RECORDMODE" POSITION( 00289
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Upon completion of the job, you wil
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| "/BIC/DIVISION" VARGRAPHIC (00000
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| sql: | DELETE FROM DDSTORAGE | WH
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| "/BIC/CRMEM_VAL" DECIMAL (000017,
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| DDL time(___8): .........4 millis
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8.1 Troubleshooting general system
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You need to ascertain: ► Which us
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Further information about the subje
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8.2 Analyzing load performance In t
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We use transaction ST03 → Expert
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Click the Details tab of the RSMO w
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Select the component of interest to
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Figure 8-11 All statistical records
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Figure 8-13 Single statistical reco
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Loading from a flat file You can av
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and right-click to select the Simul
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Note: You must activate the saving
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5. In the right-hand panel of the w
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If your query has long run times th
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that the query runs against → Mai
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If the main component of query perf
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► Display Statistics Data (to sho
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Select the appropriate button, ente
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Figure 8-29 Statement details To ch
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The ratio (ST04 statement cache “
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Figure 8-32 Visual Explain - SQL te
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8.5 SAP Query Analysis Tool The SAP
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Display of sql access path SQL quer
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The access path is displayed hierar
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The table information tab shown in
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DB2 Plan Table Figure 8-42 DB2 plan
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Graphical view of each query block
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Now you see the graphical view of t
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8.5.4 Example of using the query an
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9.1 The BIA architecture Figure 9-1
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Figure 9-2 BIA t-shirt sizing The B
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From the hardware side, the BIA is
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9.7 Overview The improvement of the
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10.1 SQL efficiency for DSO Queries
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The first join predicate is "/BIC/A
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Figure 10-5 Associate local predica
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Step 3 is repeated for each master
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Using the InfoCube query example in
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The first join predicate in Figure
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Thus, we have broken down the origi
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Page 246 and 247: 11.1 Background To be more competit
Page 248 and 249: 11.2.1 Hardware and software config
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Page 274 and 275: 12.1 Terminology: BI objects and pr
Page 276 and 277: Metadata plays a fundamental role i
Page 278 and 279: 12.3 Dataflow in SAP BI Data flow i
Page 280 and 281: 12.4 Information access As previous
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Page 284 and 285: An InfoCube in SAP BI can have up t
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Checks under z/OS and DB2 We recomm
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To check that the SAPCL procedure w
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List of SAP BW OSS Notes Table C-1
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SAP BI on DB2 for z/OS 390016 BW Da
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Network configuration: static multi
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START CU091060 START CU0A1070 START
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Table name Average row length Total
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Table name Average row length Total
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Parameters BPK16K0 BPK16K1 VIRTUAL
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drwxr-xr-x 3 t11adm sapsys 2048 200
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Example D-6 shows a cube index crea
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B49/S_RTNSVAL 24 DECIMAL 17 2 N 4 N
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-rw-r--r-- 1 t11adm sapsys 2084482
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-rw-r--r-- 1 t11adm sapsys 547449 2
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Online resources These Web sites ar
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Help from SAP SAP Support and downl
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C Candidates for partiioning Data W
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M master data 155, 211, 258, 277 si
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star schema 265-266 also see InfoCu
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Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2
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