Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2 9 for z/OS - IBM Redbooks

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An InfoCube in SAP BI can have up to 16 dimensions. By default, every InfoCube has the three standard dimensions data package, time, and unit. SAP BI uses an extended star schema, which builds on the basic star schema by storing master data about attributes, hierarchies, and text, in separate tables that are shared between InfoCubes. This reduces data redundancies because master data is stored only once, and then used by various InfoCubes. In Figure 12-6, actual characteristic values, such as the name of a region, are shown in the dimension tables. In reality, characteristic values are replaced by surrogate identifiers (SIDs). These are numeric key values (4-byte integers), which are more compact than the characteristic values. The actual characteristic values are stored in the master table. Therefore, you have foreign key relationships between each characteristic in a dimension table and the corresponding attribute, hierarchy, and text tables. SIDs are used to keep dimension tables as small as possible, since they can also grow very large. Request dimension R Data Request # 0 . . . E - Fact table ( R = 0 ) Figure 12-6 Foreign-key relationships SAP BI provides the option to define a very large dimension as a line item dimension. In this case, the corresponding dimension is not stored as a separate table, but rather it is stored directly in the E- fact table. This eliminates the necessary join operation between dimension and fact table during SAP BI query processing, which can provide improved query performance. 266 Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2 9 for z/OS Master data Customer # Name Location 13970522 Gladview, Inc. Palo Alto Customer dimension C Customer # Region … 13970522 west ... InfoCube R P C T Quantity Revenue Discount Sales overhead 250 $500,000 $50,000 $280,000 50 $100,000 $7,500 $60,000 … … … ... F - Fact table R P C T Quantity Revenue Discount Sales overhead ( R > 0 ) 150 $300,000 $30,000 $180,000 30 $50,000 $2,500 $20,000 Product dimension … … … ... P Product # Product group … T Period Fiscal year … 2101004 displays ... 10 2007 ... Time dimension
12.7 Data load into InfoCube When data is loaded from PSA or DSO into an InfoCube, it must be transformed from a flat table structure into the extended star schema. Figure 12-7 shows the steps that are required to transfer a new record from a PSA table into an InfoCube and the corresponding master data tables. SID 1 2 PSA 1 Customer C 1 2 Airline 1 Airline 2 Master data SID 1 2 InfoCube SID Customer 1 2 Customer dimension Product Aircraft B Aircraft A 5 Product Aircraft A Aircraft B Quantity Figure 12-7 Steps during data load into InfoCube 3 Prod Group Airplanes Airplanes P 1 1 2 C 1 2 2 P 1 2 SID 1 2 R 1 1 2 Prod. Group Computers Airplanes SID Product Product dimension As shown in the figure: 1. The record is selected from the PSA table. 2. Transfer and update rules are applied. 3. The master data tables are checked to see whether the attribute values from the PSA record already exist. If this is the case, the corresponding surrogate identifiers (SIDs) are retrieved from the master data tables. If the attribute values do not yet exist, they are inserted in the master data tables and corresponding SIDs are generated, or the record is skipped. In the given example, the attribute values Aircraft A and Airplanes are inserted in the master data tables. 1 2 25 50 1 Fact table Customer Airline 1 Airline 2 2 SID 1 2 SID Product Group Revenue $60,000 2 2 $120,000 $25,000,000 City Paris Munich Boston Paris SID City 1 SID Country 1 Chapter 12. Concepts, activities, and terminology 267 City R 1 2 France Germany 2 SID 1 2 Country US France Region dimension Attributes Key Figures Country Quantity 1 2 4 2 Revenue $25,000,000 $30,000,000
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Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2
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Note: Before using this information
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4.4 Extended sparse index and in-me
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11.3 SAP BI database and InfoCube l
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viii Best Practices for SAP BI usin
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Trademarks The following terms are
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The team that wrote this IBM Redboo
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Thanks to these authors from the Pr
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► Send your comments in an e-mail
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1.1 Product overview The business w
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In general, database administrators
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► Horizontal growth is achieved b
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8 Best Practices for SAP BI using D
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2.1 BI architecture Figure 2-1 show
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New term Old term Analysis authoriz
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negative values means missing stati
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- When calculating database statist
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If you specify a partitioning schem
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Important: Never partition a PSA ta
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Figure 2-10 DPSIs versus NPSIs Figu
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Finally, Figure 2-12 explains which
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Figure 2-14 shows how the snowflake
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► Realignment This refers to the
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3.1 Base recommendations - SAP BI i
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the F- fact table, the E- fact tabl
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34 Best Practices for SAP BI using
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4.1 Dynamic index ANDing for star s
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Figure 4-2 and Figure 4-3 on page 3
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4.2.1 Processing RUNSTATS for BI ta
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RUNSTATS will then be called over t
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DSNU610I -DB2T 081 16:36:03.85 DSNU
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Often the single-value based freque
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Several things worth noting are:
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The unit of a value specified to MX
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condition, generated by SAP BI upon
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There is a separate IBM Redbooks pu
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5.1 Load PSA In this section we dis
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5.1.1 Load PSA To load data into th
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After the source system, the DataSo
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Note the available tabs (registers)
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Figure 5-8 shows the provided optio
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Figure 5-10 shows the following:
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The PSA table name is created autom
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5.1.4 PSA partitioning Partitioning
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An InfoCube, whether data target or
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6.1 Types of InfoCubes Data targets
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After selecting at least one time d
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6.2.1 Repartitioning implementation
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You will then be presented with a w
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From within the monitor you are abl
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Once your repartitioning process is
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Figure 6-14 is displayed once you h
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When you remodel an InfoProvider yo
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Figure 6-17 demonstrates how you wo
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At this step of the process you are
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6.3.2 Benefits of remodeling InfoPr
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6.4.3 Cumulative data versus non-cu
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Important: After the initial compre
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► Use DPSIs for the cube’s E- f
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7.1 Differences between DataStore a
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Figure 7-1 shows the initial status
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4. By selecting the Create button,
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Partitioning and clustering are bot
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7.4.2 Choosing and changing the clu
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7.4.4 Partitioning a DataStore obje
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From the ABAP Dictionary: Utility f
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Figure 7-9 DB2/390 Storage Attribut
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partitioning was used. The CREATE T
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, "/BIC/RECORDMODE" POSITION( 00289
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Upon completion of the job, you wil
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| "/BIC/DIVISION" VARGRAPHIC (00000
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| sql: | DELETE FROM DDSTORAGE | WH
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| "/BIC/CRMEM_VAL" DECIMAL (000017,
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| DDL time(___8): .........4 millis
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8.1 Troubleshooting general system
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You need to ascertain: ► Which us
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Further information about the subje
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8.2 Analyzing load performance In t
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We use transaction ST03 → Expert
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Click the Details tab of the RSMO w
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Select the component of interest to
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Figure 8-11 All statistical records
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Figure 8-13 Single statistical reco
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Loading from a flat file You can av
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and right-click to select the Simul
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Note: You must activate the saving
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5. In the right-hand panel of the w
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If your query has long run times th
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that the query runs against → Mai
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If the main component of query perf
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► Display Statistics Data (to sho
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Select the appropriate button, ente
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Figure 8-29 Statement details To ch
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The ratio (ST04 statement cache “
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Figure 8-32 Visual Explain - SQL te
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8.5 SAP Query Analysis Tool The SAP
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Display of sql access path SQL quer
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The access path is displayed hierar
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The table information tab shown in
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DB2 Plan Table Figure 8-42 DB2 plan
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Graphical view of each query block
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Now you see the graphical view of t
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8.5.4 Example of using the query an
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9.1 The BIA architecture Figure 9-1
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Figure 9-2 BIA t-shirt sizing The B
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From the hardware side, the BIA is
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9.7 Overview The improvement of the
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10.1 SQL efficiency for DSO Queries
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The first join predicate is "/BIC/A
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Figure 10-5 Associate local predica
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Step 3 is repeated for each master
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Using the InfoCube query example in
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The first join predicate in Figure
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Page 242 and 243: 10.4 Indexing of InfoCubes The defa
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Page 246 and 247: 11.1 Background To be more competit
Page 248 and 249: 11.2.1 Hardware and software config
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Page 258 and 259: Figure 11-3 explains the data flow
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Page 262 and 263: Measurement results Table 11-2 prov
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Page 278 and 279: 12.3 Dataflow in SAP BI Data flow i
Page 280 and 281: 12.4 Information access As previous
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Page 286 and 287: 12.8 Aggregates 4. The dimension ta
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IT scenario The environment we used
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Checks under z/OS and DB2 We recomm
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To check that the SAPCL procedure w
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List of SAP BW OSS Notes Table C-1
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SAP BI on DB2 for z/OS 390016 BW Da
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Network configuration: static multi
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START CU091060 START CU0A1070 START
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Table name Average row length Total
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Table name Average row length Total
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Parameters BPK16K0 BPK16K1 VIRTUAL
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drwxr-xr-x 3 t11adm sapsys 2048 200
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Example D-6 shows a cube index crea
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B49/S_RTNSVAL 24 DECIMAL 17 2 N 4 N
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-rw-r--r-- 1 t11adm sapsys 2084482
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-rw-r--r-- 1 t11adm sapsys 547449 2
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Online resources These Web sites ar
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Help from SAP SAP Support and downl
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C Candidates for partiioning Data W
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M master data 155, 211, 258, 277 si
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star schema 265-266 also see InfoCu
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Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2
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Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2 9 for z/OS - IBM Redbooks

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