Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2 9 for z/OS - IBM Redbooks

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Metadata plays a fundamental role in turning data into information. To clarify, information is typically defined as data-in-context. In that process, the metadata provides the context and an understanding of how various data elements are linked. Business rules are applied to the combination of data and metadata to create useful business information. The information model of SAP BI provides consistent and integrated metadata for all objects across the data warehousing process. Figure 12-1 shows the elements of the SAP BI information model, all of which store metadata. In addition, the PSA, DSO, and InfoCube also store transactional or master data. Master data is data that remains unchanged over long periods of time. Examples of master data are customer name and address, or an organizational structure. See Figure 12-1. Data Source PSA Mapping and Transfer Rules Info Source Figure 12-1 Elements of the information model 12.2.1 Other key elements in the information model In addition to InfoObjects, here is a list of other key elements in the information model: ► DataSource Data is transferred into SAP BI in a flat structure; that is, it is a table rather than a multidimensional data structure. DataSources contain the definitions of the source data. ► Persistent Staging Area (PSA) In the SAP BI information model, data is physically stored in PSA objects. These are collections of flat tables holding extracted data that has not yet been cleaned or transformed. The PSA is the initial storage area of data 258 Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2 9 for z/OS Update Rules ODS Object ODS Object Update Rules Info Cube Info Cube
where requested data is saved unchanged from the source system according to the structure defined in the DataSource. ► InfoSource InfoObjects that belong together logically, from a business point of view, are grouped into InfoSources. InfoSources (and their underlying InfoObjects) can be filled with any data from within the enterprise or from external sources. They can hold both transactional data and master data. – Transactional data is generated from transactions in an Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) system, such as SAP R/3®. Transactional data is quantifiable, and it can be granular. – Master data, such as a customer address or an organizational structure, typically remains unchanged over a long period of time. Master data in SAP BI includes attributes, texts, and hierarchies. ► DataStore (DSO) object This describes a consolidated dataset from one or several InfoSources. In contrast to the multidimensional data models of InfoCubes, data in DSO objects is stored in flat, transparent, database tables. DSO object data can be updated into InfoCubes or other DSO objects using a delta update. Data in an DSO object can be analyzed with the SAP BI Business Explorer (BEx) tool, which is included in the business intelligence suite of mySAP BI. It is typically used to integrate data that comes from different sources for delta update into InfoCubes and for day-to-day decision making. ► InfoCubes These are containers that organize data around its multidimensionality, in terms of business dimensions. They are used to answer complex business questions on topics such as revenues per region, revenues per office within each region, year-to-date revenues, and for comparisons with previous periods. InfoCubes can be accessed by the SAP BI Business Explorer for reporting and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) analysis. Chapter 12. Concepts, activities, and terminology 259
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Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2
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Note: Before using this information
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4.4 Extended sparse index and in-me
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11.3 SAP BI database and InfoCube l
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viii Best Practices for SAP BI usin
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Trademarks The following terms are
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The team that wrote this IBM Redboo
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Thanks to these authors from the Pr
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► Send your comments in an e-mail
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1.1 Product overview The business w
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In general, database administrators
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► Horizontal growth is achieved b
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8 Best Practices for SAP BI using D
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2.1 BI architecture Figure 2-1 show
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New term Old term Analysis authoriz
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negative values means missing stati
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- When calculating database statist
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If you specify a partitioning schem
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Important: Never partition a PSA ta
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Figure 2-10 DPSIs versus NPSIs Figu
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Finally, Figure 2-12 explains which
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Figure 2-14 shows how the snowflake
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► Realignment This refers to the
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3.1 Base recommendations - SAP BI i
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the F- fact table, the E- fact tabl
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34 Best Practices for SAP BI using
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4.1 Dynamic index ANDing for star s
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Figure 4-2 and Figure 4-3 on page 3
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4.2.1 Processing RUNSTATS for BI ta
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RUNSTATS will then be called over t
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DSNU610I -DB2T 081 16:36:03.85 DSNU
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Often the single-value based freque
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Several things worth noting are:
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The unit of a value specified to MX
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condition, generated by SAP BI upon
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There is a separate IBM Redbooks pu
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5.1 Load PSA In this section we dis
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5.1.1 Load PSA To load data into th
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After the source system, the DataSo
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Note the available tabs (registers)
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Figure 5-8 shows the provided optio
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Figure 5-10 shows the following:
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The PSA table name is created autom
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5.1.4 PSA partitioning Partitioning
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An InfoCube, whether data target or
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6.1 Types of InfoCubes Data targets
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After selecting at least one time d
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6.2.1 Repartitioning implementation
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You will then be presented with a w
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From within the monitor you are abl
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Once your repartitioning process is
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Figure 6-14 is displayed once you h
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When you remodel an InfoProvider yo
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Figure 6-17 demonstrates how you wo
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At this step of the process you are
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6.3.2 Benefits of remodeling InfoPr
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6.4.3 Cumulative data versus non-cu
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Important: After the initial compre
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► Use DPSIs for the cube’s E- f
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7.1 Differences between DataStore a
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Figure 7-1 shows the initial status
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4. By selecting the Create button,
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Partitioning and clustering are bot
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7.4.2 Choosing and changing the clu
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7.4.4 Partitioning a DataStore obje
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From the ABAP Dictionary: Utility f
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Figure 7-9 DB2/390 Storage Attribut
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partitioning was used. The CREATE T
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, "/BIC/RECORDMODE" POSITION( 00289
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Upon completion of the job, you wil
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| "/BIC/DIVISION" VARGRAPHIC (00000
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| sql: | DELETE FROM DDSTORAGE | WH
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| "/BIC/CRMEM_VAL" DECIMAL (000017,
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| DDL time(___8): .........4 millis
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8.1 Troubleshooting general system
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You need to ascertain: ► Which us
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Further information about the subje
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8.2 Analyzing load performance In t
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We use transaction ST03 → Expert
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Click the Details tab of the RSMO w
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Select the component of interest to
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Figure 8-11 All statistical records
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Figure 8-13 Single statistical reco
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Loading from a flat file You can av
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and right-click to select the Simul
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Note: You must activate the saving
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5. In the right-hand panel of the w
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If your query has long run times th
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that the query runs against → Mai
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If the main component of query perf
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► Display Statistics Data (to sho
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Select the appropriate button, ente
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Figure 8-29 Statement details To ch
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The ratio (ST04 statement cache “
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Figure 8-32 Visual Explain - SQL te
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8.5 SAP Query Analysis Tool The SAP
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Display of sql access path SQL quer
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The access path is displayed hierar
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The table information tab shown in
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DB2 Plan Table Figure 8-42 DB2 plan
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Graphical view of each query block
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Now you see the graphical view of t
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8.5.4 Example of using the query an
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9.1 The BIA architecture Figure 9-1
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Figure 9-2 BIA t-shirt sizing The B
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From the hardware side, the BIA is
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9.7 Overview The improvement of the
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10.1 SQL efficiency for DSO Queries
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The first join predicate is "/BIC/A
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Page 230 and 231: Using the InfoCube query example in
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Page 238 and 239: AND "/BIC/AZOSASALE00"."PLANT" = "/
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Page 242 and 243: 10.4 Indexing of InfoCubes The defa
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Page 246 and 247: 11.1 Background To be more competit
Page 248 and 249: 11.2.1 Hardware and software config
Page 250 and 251: 11.2.2 Network infrastructure IBM S
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Page 254 and 255: As part of the pre-benchmark planni
Page 256 and 257: 11.4 Test case scenarios The goal o
Page 258 and 259: Figure 11-3 explains the data flow
Page 260 and 261: In addition, each cube, especially
Page 262 and 263: Measurement results Table 11-2 prov
Page 264 and 265: Figure 11-7 shows the average CPU u
Page 266 and 267: The number of queries per hour show
Page 268 and 269: Figure 11-10 shows that the average
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Page 274 and 275: 12.1 Terminology: BI objects and pr
Page 278 and 279: 12.3 Dataflow in SAP BI Data flow i
Page 280 and 281: 12.4 Information access As previous
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Page 284 and 285: An InfoCube in SAP BI can have up t
Page 286 and 287: 12.8 Aggregates 4. The dimension ta
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elements to be displayed in the Web
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Web application object catalog Web
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You insert one or more queries in t
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IT scenario The environment we used
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Checks under z/OS and DB2 We recomm
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To check that the SAPCL procedure w
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List of SAP BW OSS Notes Table C-1
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SAP BI on DB2 for z/OS 390016 BW Da
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Network configuration: static multi
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START CU091060 START CU0A1070 START
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Table name Average row length Total
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Table name Average row length Total
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Parameters BPK16K0 BPK16K1 VIRTUAL
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drwxr-xr-x 3 t11adm sapsys 2048 200
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Example D-6 shows a cube index crea
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B49/S_RTNSVAL 24 DECIMAL 17 2 N 4 N
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-rw-r--r-- 1 t11adm sapsys 2084482
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-rw-r--r-- 1 t11adm sapsys 547449 2
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Online resources These Web sites ar
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Help from SAP SAP Support and downl
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C Candidates for partiioning Data W
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M master data 155, 211, 258, 277 si
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star schema 265-266 also see InfoCu
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Best Practices for SAP BI using DB2
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