ESA Document - Emits - ESA

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HMM
Assessment Study
Report: CDF-20(A)
February 2004
page 7 of 422
4.2.5 Mars ascent vehicle.................................................................................................................256
4.3 Surface habitation module .......................................................................................................257
4.3.1 Internal configuration...............................................................................................................257
4.3.2 Propulsion................................................................................................................................268
4.3.3 Environmental control and life support system .......................................................................270
4.3.4 Thermal ...................................................................................................................................279
4.3.5 Power ......................................................................................................................................294
4.3.6 Data handling ..........................................................................................................................310
4.3.7 Communications......................................................................................................................311
4.3.8 Mechanisms ............................................................................................................................316
4.3.9 Sample handling......................................................................................................................319
4.3.10 Structures ...................................................................................................................330
4.4 Descent Module .......................................................................................................................331
4.4.1 Entry Analysis..........................................................................................................................331
4.4.2 Aerothermodynamics ..............................................................................................................336
4.4.3 Structures ................................................................................................................................341
4.4.4 Communications......................................................................................................................343
4.4.5 GNC.........................................................................................................................................345
4.4.6 Mechanisms ............................................................................................................................356
4.4.7 Parachute design.....................................................................................................................359
4.4.8 Propulsion................................................................................................................................362
4.5 Mars Ascent Vehicle ................................................................................................................363
4.5.1 Trajectories..............................................................................................................................363
4.5.2 GNC and rendezvous & docking.............................................................................................366
4.5.3 Structures ................................................................................................................................379
4.5.4 Power ......................................................................................................................................380
4.5.5 Thermal ...................................................................................................................................383
4.5.6 Mechanisms ............................................................................................................................388
4.5.7 Propulsion................................................................................................................................391
4.5.8 Environmental control and life support system .......................................................................393
4.5.9 Data handling ..........................................................................................................................398
4.5.10 Communications.........................................................................................................398
5 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 401
5.1 Technology development.........................................................................................................402
6 APPENDIX A - MARTIAN SURFACE NUCLEAR REACTOR............................. 403
6.1 General parameters and initial assumptions ...........................................................................403
6.2 Reactor type, mass and sizing aspects ...................................................................................403
6.2.1 General parameters ................................................................................................................403
6.2.2 Main differences to terrestrial systems....................................................................................403
6.2.3 Approach .................................................................................................................................404
6.3 Reactor power subsystems......................................................................................................404
6.4 Radiation protection and shielding issues ...............................................................................406
6.5 Reactor operation.....................................................................................................................407
6.5.1 Pre-launch operations .............................................................................................................408
6.5.2 Start-up....................................................................................................................................408
6.5.3 Nominal operations .................................................................................................................408
6.5.4 Emergency operations ............................................................................................................408
7 APPENDIX B – REFERENCES ........................................................................... 411
8 APPENDIX C - ACRONYMS................................................................................ 419