ESA Document - Emits - ESA
ESA Document - Emits - ESA ESA Document - Emits - ESA
s PROJECT Assessment Study Report: CDF-20(A) February 2004 page 6 of 422 2.9 Safety/risk assessment............................................................................................................ 101 2.9.1 Mission-specific characteristics .............................................................................................. 101 2.9.2 Definition of “safety and mission success” ............................................................................. 101 2.9.3 Safety requirements:............................................................................................................... 101 2.9.4 Mission factors/issues:............................................................................................................ 101 2.9.5 Technical risk assessment scope........................................................................................... 102 2.9.6 Abort possibilities.................................................................................................................... 102 2.9.7 Risk acceptability .................................................................................................................... 103 2.9.8 Risk assessment process example ........................................................................................ 105 2.10 Ground segment and operations............................................................................................. 106 2.10.1 Mission operations concept ....................................................................................... 106 2.10.2 Ground segment concept........................................................................................... 111 2.11 Simulation................................................................................................................................ 118 2.11.1 Simulation results....................................................................................................... 118 2.11.2 Simulation tool selection ............................................................................................ 119 2.12 Programmatics ........................................................................................................................ 120 2.12.1 Requirements and programmatic drivers................................................................... 120 2.12.2 Assumptions and trade-offs ....................................................................................... 120 2.12.3 Model philosophy and qualification............................................................................ 121 2.12.4 Baseline operations ................................................................................................... 122 2.12.5 Options....................................................................................................................... 123 3 TRANSFER VEHICLE ......................................................................................... 125 3.1 Systems……............................................................................................................................ 125 3.1.1 System requirements.............................................................................................................. 125 3.1.2 System design drivers ............................................................................................................ 127 3.1.3 Mass budget ........................................................................................................................... 128 3.2 Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 130 3.2.1 Requirements and design drivers........................................................................................... 130 3.2.2 Assumptions and trade-offs .................................................................................................... 130 3.2.3 Baseline design....................................................................................................................... 132 3.3 Transfer Habitation Module ..................................................................................................... 138 3.3.1 Internal configuration .............................................................................................................. 138 3.3.2 Environmental control and life support system....................................................................... 154 3.3.3 Thermal................................................................................................................................... 166 3.3.4 Power...................................................................................................................................... 182 3.3.5 AOCS...................................................................................................................................... 189 3.3.6 Data handling.......................................................................................................................... 196 3.3.7 Communications ..................................................................................................................... 205 3.3.8 Mechanisms............................................................................................................................ 217 3.3.9 Structures................................................................................................................................ 226 3.4 Propulsion module................................................................................................................... 230 3.4.1 Propulsion ............................................................................................................................... 230 3.4.2 Structures................................................................................................................................ 234 3.4.3 Thermal................................................................................................................................... 238 3.4.4 Mechanisms............................................................................................................................ 247 4 MARS EXCURSION VEHICLE............................................................................ 249 4.1 Systems……............................................................................................................................ 249 4.1.1 System requirements.............................................................................................................. 249 4.1.2 System design drivers ............................................................................................................ 250 4.1.3 Mass budget ........................................................................................................................... 251 4.2 Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 251 4.2.1 Requirements and design drivers........................................................................................... 251 4.2.2 Assumptions and trade-offs .................................................................................................... 252 4.2.3 Baseline design....................................................................................................................... 253 4.2.4 Surface habitation module ...................................................................................................... 254
s HMM Assessment Study Report: CDF-20(A) February 2004 page 7 of 422 4.2.5 Mars ascent vehicle.................................................................................................................256 4.3 Surface habitation module .......................................................................................................257 4.3.1 Internal configuration...............................................................................................................257 4.3.2 Propulsion................................................................................................................................268 4.3.3 Environmental control and life support system .......................................................................270 4.3.4 Thermal ...................................................................................................................................279 4.3.5 Power ......................................................................................................................................294 4.3.6 Data handling ..........................................................................................................................310 4.3.7 Communications......................................................................................................................311 4.3.8 Mechanisms ............................................................................................................................316 4.3.9 Sample handling......................................................................................................................319 4.3.10 Structures ...................................................................................................................330 4.4 Descent Module .......................................................................................................................331 4.4.1 Entry Analysis..........................................................................................................................331 4.4.2 Aerothermodynamics ..............................................................................................................336 4.4.3 Structures ................................................................................................................................341 4.4.4 Communications......................................................................................................................343 4.4.5 GNC.........................................................................................................................................345 4.4.6 Mechanisms ............................................................................................................................356 4.4.7 Parachute design.....................................................................................................................359 4.4.8 Propulsion................................................................................................................................362 4.5 Mars Ascent Vehicle ................................................................................................................363 4.5.1 Trajectories..............................................................................................................................363 4.5.2 GNC and rendezvous & docking.............................................................................................366 4.5.3 Structures ................................................................................................................................379 4.5.4 Power ......................................................................................................................................380 4.5.5 Thermal ...................................................................................................................................383 4.5.6 Mechanisms ............................................................................................................................388 4.5.7 Propulsion................................................................................................................................391 4.5.8 Environmental control and life support system .......................................................................393 4.5.9 Data handling ..........................................................................................................................398 4.5.10 Communications.........................................................................................................398 5 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 401 5.1 Technology development.........................................................................................................402 6 APPENDIX A - MARTIAN SURFACE NUCLEAR REACTOR............................. 403 6.1 General parameters and initial assumptions ...........................................................................403 6.2 Reactor type, mass and sizing aspects ...................................................................................403 6.2.1 General parameters ................................................................................................................403 6.2.2 Main differences to terrestrial systems....................................................................................403 6.2.3 Approach .................................................................................................................................404 6.3 Reactor power subsystems......................................................................................................404 6.4 Radiation protection and shielding issues ...............................................................................406 6.5 Reactor operation.....................................................................................................................407 6.5.1 Pre-launch operations .............................................................................................................408 6.5.2 Start-up....................................................................................................................................408 6.5.3 Nominal operations .................................................................................................................408 6.5.4 Emergency operations ............................................................................................................408 7 APPENDIX B – REFERENCES ........................................................................... 411 8 APPENDIX C - ACRONYMS................................................................................ 419
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- Page 19 and 20: s 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background HMM
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s<br />
PROJECT<br />
Assessment Study<br />
Report: CDF-20(A)<br />
February 2004<br />
page 6 of 422<br />
2.9 Safety/risk assessment............................................................................................................ 101<br />
2.9.1 Mission-specific characteristics .............................................................................................. 101<br />
2.9.2 Definition of “safety and mission success” ............................................................................. 101<br />
2.9.3 Safety requirements:............................................................................................................... 101<br />
2.9.4 Mission factors/issues:............................................................................................................ 101<br />
2.9.5 Technical risk assessment scope........................................................................................... 102<br />
2.9.6 Abort possibilities.................................................................................................................... 102<br />
2.9.7 Risk acceptability .................................................................................................................... 103<br />
2.9.8 Risk assessment process example ........................................................................................ 105<br />
2.10 Ground segment and operations............................................................................................. 106<br />
2.10.1 Mission operations concept ....................................................................................... 106<br />
2.10.2 Ground segment concept........................................................................................... 111<br />
2.11 Simulation................................................................................................................................ 118<br />
2.11.1 Simulation results....................................................................................................... 118<br />
2.11.2 Simulation tool selection ............................................................................................ 119<br />
2.12 Programmatics ........................................................................................................................ 120<br />
2.12.1 Requirements and programmatic drivers................................................................... 120<br />
2.12.2 Assumptions and trade-offs ....................................................................................... 120<br />
2.12.3 Model philosophy and qualification............................................................................ 121<br />
2.12.4 Baseline operations ................................................................................................... 122<br />
2.12.5 Options....................................................................................................................... 123<br />
3 TRANSFER VEHICLE ......................................................................................... 125<br />
3.1 Systems……............................................................................................................................ 125<br />
3.1.1 System requirements.............................................................................................................. 125<br />
3.1.2 System design drivers ............................................................................................................ 127<br />
3.1.3 Mass budget ........................................................................................................................... 128<br />
3.2 Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 130<br />
3.2.1 Requirements and design drivers........................................................................................... 130<br />
3.2.2 Assumptions and trade-offs .................................................................................................... 130<br />
3.2.3 Baseline design....................................................................................................................... 132<br />
3.3 Transfer Habitation Module ..................................................................................................... 138<br />
3.3.1 Internal configuration .............................................................................................................. 138<br />
3.3.2 Environmental control and life support system....................................................................... 154<br />
3.3.3 Thermal................................................................................................................................... 166<br />
3.3.4 Power...................................................................................................................................... 182<br />
3.3.5 AOCS...................................................................................................................................... 189<br />
3.3.6 Data handling.......................................................................................................................... 196<br />
3.3.7 Communications ..................................................................................................................... 205<br />
3.3.8 Mechanisms............................................................................................................................ 217<br />
3.3.9 Structures................................................................................................................................ 226<br />
3.4 Propulsion module................................................................................................................... 230<br />
3.4.1 Propulsion ............................................................................................................................... 230<br />
3.4.2 Structures................................................................................................................................ 234<br />
3.4.3 Thermal................................................................................................................................... 238<br />
3.4.4 Mechanisms............................................................................................................................ 247<br />
4 MARS EXCURSION VEHICLE............................................................................ 249<br />
4.1 Systems……............................................................................................................................ 249<br />
4.1.1 System requirements.............................................................................................................. 249<br />
4.1.2 System design drivers ............................................................................................................ 250<br />
4.1.3 Mass budget ........................................................................................................................... 251<br />
4.2 Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 251<br />
4.2.1 Requirements and design drivers........................................................................................... 251<br />
4.2.2 Assumptions and trade-offs .................................................................................................... 252<br />
4.2.3 Baseline design....................................................................................................................... 253<br />
4.2.4 Surface habitation module ...................................................................................................... 254
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