ESA Document - Emits - ESA

s
HMM
Assessment Study
Report: CDF-20(A)
February 2004
page 31 of 422
No specific requirement on the Readiness level for the technologies has been applied to the
mission. A high technology readiness level (TRL) is preferred to obtain more robust
assessments.
2.3 Background
The only comparable project to date is the Apollo programme but:
• Overall mission ∆V was half
• Crew consisted of only three people
• Mission duration was much shorter
• Distance from the Earth was much shorter
The ISS experience is applicable in some areas but:
• It is a LEO infrastructure with regular logistics
• It is research-oriented
• It is protected by the Earth magnetosphere
• The possibility of fast return to Earth always exists
During the past 50 years several studies have been carried out by national space agencies,
industry and academia. The documentation available has been taken as reference, e.g.:
− NASA Reference Mission 1.0 and 3.0
− ISTC projects 1172 and 2120
− Humex study
− Primes Support
− European Mars mission architecture study, S51
− Future power systems for space exploration, S54
− Aroma study, S56
2.4 Mission analysis
2.4.1 Requirements and design drivers
The requirement for mission analysis design was to define the overall trajectory design required
for a human mission to Mars. This involves:
• LEO around Earth during in orbit assembly phase
• Staged Earth escape
• Transfer to Mars
• Mars orbit insertion
• Mars target orbit acquisition
• Mars orbit phase
• Mars escape
• Transfer to Earth
• Earth arrival conditions